Principal Risks
An investment
in the Fund entails risk. The Fund could lose money or its performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The Adviser cannot guarantee that the Fund will achieve its objective. In addition, the Fund presents some risks not
traditionally associated with most mutual funds and exchange-traded funds. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand how these risks interrelate before making an investment in the Fund. Turbulence in
financial markets and reduced liquidity in equity, credit and fixed income markets could negatively affect issuers worldwide, including the Fund. There is the risk that you could lose all or a portion of your money invested in the Fund.
Adverse Market Conditions Risk
Because the Fund magnifies the performance of the Index, its performance will suffer during conditions
in which the Index declines.
Advisers Investment Strategy Risk
The Adviser utilizes a quantitative methodology to
select investments for the Fund. Although this methodology is designed to correlate the Funds performance with the performance of the Index, there is no assurance that such methodology will be successful and will enable the Fund to achieve its
investment objective.
Counterparty Risk
The Fund may invest in financial instruments involving counterparties for the
purpose of attempting to gain exposure to a particular group of securities or an asset class without actually purchasing those securities or investments, or to hedge a position. These financial instruments may include swap agreements. The use of
swap agreements and other counterparty instruments involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. For example, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a
swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. Swap agreements and other counterparty instruments also may be considered to be illiquid. In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements that involve a
limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Funds exposure to counterparty credit risk. The Fund does not specifically limit its counterparty risk with respect to any single counterparty. Further, there is a risk that no suitable
counterparties will be willing to enter into, or continue to enter into, transactions with the Fund and, as a result, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment objective.
Credit Risk
The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a debt security goes bankrupt or is unable or unwilling to make
interest payments and/or repay principal. Changes in an issuers financial strength or in an issuers or debt securitys credit rating also may affect a securitys value and thus have an impact on Fund performance.
Daily Correlation Risk
There is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of correlation to the Index and therefore
achieve its daily investment objective. To achieve a high degree of correlation with the Index, the Fund seeks to rebalance its portfolio daily to keep leverage consistent with its daily target. The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily
target due to fees and expenses, high portfolio turnover, transaction costs and costs associated with the use of leveraged investment techniques and/or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the securities held by the Fund. Market
disruptions, regulatory restrictions or extreme volatility will also adversely affect the Funds ability to adjust exposure to the required levels. The Fund may not have investment exposure to all securities in its underlying Index, or its
weighting of investment exposure to such stocks or industries may be different from that of the Index. In addition, the Fund may invest in securities or financial instruments not included in the underlying Index. The Fund may be subject to large
movements
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of assets into and out of the Fund, potentially resulting in the Fund being over- or under-exposed to its Index. In addition, the target amount of portfolio exposure to the Index is impacted
dynamically by the Indexs movement. Because of this, it is unlikely that the Fund will be perfectly exposed to the Index at the end of each day. The possibility of the Fund being materially over- or under-exposed to its Index increases on days
when the Index is volatile near the close of the trading day. Activities surrounding annual index reconstitutions and other index rebalancing or reconstitution events may hinder the Funds ability to meet its daily investment objective on that
day.
Derivatives Risk
The Fund uses investment techniques, including investments in derivatives such as futures and
forward contracts, options and swaps, which may be considered aggressive. Investments in such derivatives are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time and may increase the volatility of the Fund. The use of
derivatives may expose the Fund to additional risks that it would not be subject to if it invested directly in the securities underlying those derivatives, such as counterparty risk and the risk that the derivatives may become illiquid. The use of
derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than otherwise would be the case. Additionally, with respect to the use of swap agreements, if the Index has a dramatic intraday move in value that causes a material decline in the Funds
net asset value (NAV), the terms of the swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may allow the counterparty to immediately close out of the transaction with the Fund. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to enter
into another swap agreement or invest in other derivatives to achieve the desired exposure consistent with the Funds daily investment objective. This may prevent the Fund from achieving its daily investment objective particularly if the Index
reverses all or a portion of its intraday move by the end of the day. In addition, the Funds investments in derivatives, as of the date of this Prospectus, are subject to the following risks:
Futures and Forward Contracts
. There may be an imperfect correlation between the changes in market value of the securities
held by the Fund and the prices of futures contracts. There may not be a liquid secondary market for the futures contracts. Forward currency transactions include the risks associated with fluctuations in currency.
Options.
There may be an imperfect correlation between the prices of options and movements in the price of the securities (or
indices) hedged or used for cover, which may cause a given hedge not to achieve its objective.
Swap Agreements.
Interest rate swaps are subject to interest rate and credit risk. Total return swaps are subject to counterparty risk, which relates to credit risk of the counterparty and liquidity risk of the swaps themselves.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk
An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or
sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments. In such circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may
be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.
Effects of Compounding and Market
Volatility Risk
The Fund does not attempt to, and should not be expected to, provide returns which are a multiple of the return of the Index for periods other than a single day. The Fund rebalances its portfolio on a daily basis,
increasing exposure in response to that days gains or reducing exposure in response to that days
losses. This means that for a period longer
than one day, the pursuit of daily goals may result in daily leveraged compounding. It also means that the return of an index over a period of time greater than one day multiplied by the Funds daily target (300%) generally will not equal
the Funds performance over that same period.
As a result, over time, the cumulative percentage increase or decrease in the value
of the Funds portfolio may diverge significantly from the cumulative percentage increase or decrease in the multiple of the return of the Funds underlying index due to the compounding effect of losses and gains on the returns of the
Fund. It also is expected that the Funds use of leverage will cause the Fund to underperform the return of three times its benchmark in a trendless or flat market.
The effect of compounding becomes more pronounced on the Funds performance as the Index experiences volatility. The Indexs volatility rate is a statistical measure of the magnitude of fluctuations in
the returns of the Index. The table below provides examples of how Index volatility could affect the Funds performance. The chart shows estimated Fund returns for a number of combinations of performance and volatility over a one-year period
and is shown to illustrate how holding the Fund for a period longer than one day may negatively impact investment return. As shown below, this Fund, or any other 3X Bull Fund, would be expected to lose 17.1% (as shown in Table 1 below) if its Index
provided no return over a one year period during which the Index experienced annualized volatility of 25%. If the Indexs annualized volatility were to rise to 75%, the hypothetical loss for a one year period for the Fund widens to
approximately 81.5%.
At higher ranges of volatility, there is a chance of a near complete loss of value even if the Index is flat. For
instance, if the Indexs annualized volatility is 100%, the Fund would be expected to lose 95% of its value, even if the cumulative Index return for the year was only 0%.
Table 1
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One
Year
Index
Return
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300%
One Year
Index
Return
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Volatility Rate
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10%
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25%
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50%
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75%
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100%
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60%
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180%
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93.8%
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94.7%
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97.0%
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98.8%
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99.7%
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50%
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150%
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87.9%
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89.6%
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94.1%
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97.7%
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99.4%
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40%
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120%
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79.0%
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82.1%
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89.8%
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96.0%
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98.9%
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30%
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90%
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66.7%
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71.6%
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83.8%
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93.7%
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98.3%
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20%
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60%
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50.3%
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57.6%
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75.8%
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90.5%
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97.5%
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10%
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30%
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29.3%
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39.6%
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65.6%
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86.5%
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96.4%
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0%
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0%
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3.0%
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17.1%
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52.8%
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81.5%
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95.0%
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10%
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30%
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29.2%
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10.3%
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37.1%
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75.4%
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93.4%
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20%
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60%
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67.7%
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43.3%
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18.4%
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68.0%
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91.4%
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30%
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90%
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113.2%
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82.1%
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3.8%
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59.4%
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89.1%
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40%
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120%
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166.3%
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127.5%
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29.6%
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49.2%
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86.3%
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50%
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150%
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227.5%
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179.8%
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59.4%
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37.6%
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83.2%
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60%
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180%
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297.5%
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239.6%
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93.5%
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24.2%
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79.6%
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The Indexs annualized historical volatility rate for the five-year period ended December 31, 2012 is 7.4%. The
Indexs highest volatility rate for any one calendar year during the five-year period is 10.7% and volatility for a shorter period of time may have been substantially higher. The Indexs annualized performance for the five-year period
ended December 31, 2012 is 7.7%. Historical Index volatility and performance are not indications of what the Index volatility and performance will be in the future.
For additional graphs and charts demonstrating the effects of volatility and index performance on the long-term performance
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of the Fund, see Additional Information Regarding Investment Techniques and Policies and Negative Implications of Daily Goals in Volatile Markets in the Funds
statutory prospectus, and Special Note Regarding the Correlation Risks of the Funds in the Funds Statement of Additional Information.
Holding an unmanaged position opens the investor to the risk of market volatility adversely affecting the performance of the investment. The Fund is not appropriate for investors who do not intend to actively
monitor and manage their portfolios. This table is intended to underscore the fact that the Fund is designed as a short-term trading vehicle for investors who intend to actively monitor and manage their portfolios.
To fully understand the risks of market volatility on the Fund, see Negative Implications of Daily Goals in Volatile Markets found in
the statutory prospectus.
Gain Limitation Risk
If the Funds benchmark moves more than 33% on a given trading day in
a direction adverse to the Fund, you would lose all of your money. Rafferty will attempt to position the Funds portfolio to ensure that the Fund does not lose more than 90% of its NAV on a given day. The cost of such downside protection will
be limitations on the Funds gains. As a consequence, the Funds portfolio may not be responsive to Index gains beyond 30% in a given day. For example, if the Index were to gain 35%, the Fund might be limited to a daily gain of 90% rather
than 105%, which is 300% of the Index gain of 35%.
High Portfolio Turnover Risk
Daily rebalancing of the Funds
holdings pursuant to its daily investment objective causes a much greater number of portfolio transactions when compared to most exchange-traded funds. Such frequent and active trading leads to significantly higher transaction costs because of
increased broker commissions resulting from such transactions. In addition, there is the possibility of significantly increased capital gains, including short-term and/or long-term capital gains that will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary
income. The Fund calculates portfolio turnover without including the short term cash instruments or derivative transactions that comprise the majority of the Funds trading. As such, if the Funds extensive use of derivative instruments
were reflected, the calculated portfolio turnover rate would be significantly higher.
Interest Rate Risk
The value of the
Funds investments in fixed income securities and securities that provide exposure to fixed income securities will fall when interest rates rise. Because the Fund invests in intermediate-term bonds, the effect of increasing interest rates may
be more pronounced than for investment in short-term bonds.
Intra-Day Investment Risk
The Fund seeks leveraged investment
results from the close of the market on a given trading day until the close of the market on the subsequent trading day. The exact exposure of an investment in the Fund intraday in the secondary market is a function of the difference between the
value of the Index at the market close on the first trading day and the value of the Index at the time of purchase. If the Index gains value, the Funds net assets will rise by the same amount as the Funds exposure. Conversely, if the
Index declines, the Funds net assets will decline by the same amount as the Funds exposure. Since a Fund starts each trading day with exposure which is 300% of its net assets, a change in both the exposure and the net assets of the Fund
by the same absolute amount results in a change in the comparative relationship of the two. As an example (using simplified numbers), if the Fund had $100 in net assets at the market close, it would seek $300 of exposure to the next trading
days Index performance. If the Index rose by 1% by noon the following trading day, the exposure of the Fund will have risen by 1% to $303 and the net assets will have risen by that $3 gain to $103. With net assets of $103 and exposure of $303,
a purchaser at that point would be receiving 294% exposure of her investment instead of 300%.
Leverage Risk
If you invest
in the Fund, you are exposed to the risk that a decline in the daily performance of the Index will be leveraged. This means that your investment in the Fund will be reduced by an amount equal to 3% for every 1% daily decline, not including the cost
of financing the portfolio and the impact of operating expenses, which would further lower your investment. The Fund could theoretically lose an amount greater than its net assets in the event of an Index decline of more than 33%. Further,
purchasing shares during a day may result in greater than 300% exposure to the performance of the Index if the Index declines between the close of the markets on one trading day and before the close of the markets on the next trading day.
To fully understand the risks of using leverage in the Fund, see Effects of Compounding and Market Volatility Risk above.
Liquidity Risk
Some securities held by the Fund, including derivatives, may be difficult to sell or illiquid, particularly
during times of market turmoil. Illiquid securities also may be difficult to value. If the Fund is forced to sell an illiquid security at an unfavorable time or at a price that is lower than Raffertys judgment of the securitys true
market value, the Fund may be forced to sell the security at a loss. Such a situation may prevent the Fund from limiting losses, realizing gains or achieving a high correlation with the Index.
Market Risk
The Fund is subject to market risks that can affect the value of its shares. These risks include political, regulatory,
market and economic developments, including developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market.
Non-Diversification Risk
The Fund is non-diversified, which means it invests a high percentage of its assets in a limited number of
securities. A non-diversified funds NAV and total return may fluctuate more or fall greater in times of weaker markets than a conventional diversified fund.
Regulatory Risk
The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will impact the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Funds operations
and/or change the competitive landscape.
Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies (including ETFs)
Investments in
the securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. Fund shareholders indirectly bear the Funds proportionate share of the fees and expenses indirectly paid by
shareholders of the other investment company or ETF, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders bear in connection with the Funds own operations. The Funds performance may be magnified positively or negatively by virtue of
its investment in other investment companies. If the investment company or ETF fails to achieve its investment objective, the value of the Funds investment will decline, adversely affecting the Funds performance. In addition, closed end
investment company and ETF shares potentially may trade at a discount or a premium and are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Finally, because the value of ETF shares depends on the
demand in the market, the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Funds holdings in those shares at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Funds performance.
Tax and Distribution Risk
The Fund has extremely high portfolio turnover which causes the Fund to generate significant amounts of
taxable income. This income is typically short-term capital gain, which is generally treated as ordinary income when
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distributed to shareholders, or short-term capital loss. The Fund rarely generates long-term capital gain or loss. The Fund will generally need to distribute net short-term capital gain to
satisfy certain tax requirements. As a result of the Funds high portfolio turnover, the Fund could make larger and/or more frequent distributions than traditional unleveraged ETFs. Because the Funds asset level changes frequently, these
distributions could comprise a substantial portion or even all of the Funds net assets if the Fund distributes this income after a decline in its net assets. In addition, the Fund may be held by short-term investors and these investors may
exit the Fund prior to the record date of a distribution. As a result, shareholders in the Fund on the day of a distribution may receive substantial distributions, which could lead to negative tax implications for such shareholders. Potential
investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers for more detailed information.
Rules governing the federal income tax aspects of
certain derivatives, including total return equity swaps, real estate-related swaps, credit default swaps and other credit derivatives are not entirely clear. Because the Funds status as a regulated investment company might be affected if the
Internal Revenue Service did not accept the Funds treatment of certain transactions involving derivatives, the Funds ability to engage in these transactions may be limited.
Tracking Error Risk
The Fund may have difficulty achieving its daily target due to fees and expenses, high portfolio turnover,
transaction costs, and/or a temporary lack of liquidity in the markets for the securities held by the Fund. A failure to achieve a daily target may cause the Fund to provide returns for a longer period that are worse than expected. In addition, even
though the Fund may meet its daily target for a period of time, this will not necessarily produce the returns that might be expected in light of the returns of the Index or the Funds benchmark for that period.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States is guaranteed
only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. In addition, because many types of U.S. government securities trade actively outside the
United States, their prices may rise and fall as changes in global economic conditions affect the demand for these securities.
Special Risks of
Exchange-Traded Funds
Not Individually Redeemable.
Shares are not individually redeemable and may be redeemed by the
Fund at NAV only in large blocks known as Creation Units. You may incur brokerage costs purchasing enough Shares to constitute a Creation Unit.
Trading Issues.
Trading in Shares on an exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of that exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary
market volatility or other reasons. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the exchange on which it trades, and the listing requirements may be amended from time to time.
Market Price Variance Risk.
Individual Shares of the Fund that are listed for trading on an exchange can be bought and sold in the
secondary market at market prices. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares. The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade above, below or at their NAV. Differences between
secondary market prices and NAV for Shares may be due largely to supply and demand forces in the secondary market, which forces may not be the same as those influencing prices for securities or instruments held by the Fund at a particular time.
Given the fact that Shares can be created and redeemed in Creation Units, the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of Shares should not be sustained. There may, however, be times when the market price and the NAV vary
significantly and you may pay more than NAV when buying Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares. The market price of Shares, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a
bid-ask spread charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread often increases significantly. This means that Shares
may trade at a discount to NAV and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. The Funds investment results are measured based upon the daily
NAV of the Fund over a period of time. Investors purchasing and selling Shares in the secondary market may not experience investment results consistent with those experienced by those creating and redeeming directly with the Fund. There is no
guarantee that an active secondary market will develop for Shares of the Fund.