It is proposed that this filing will become effective
(check appropriate box)
It is our intention that beginning on January 1, 2021, paper copies of the Funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports
will not be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from your financial intermediary. Instead, the reports will be made available on a website, and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and
provided with a website link to access the report.
If you already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will
not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. At any time, you may elect to receive reports and certain communications from the Fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary.
You may elect to receive all future shareholder reports in paper free of charge. You can inform your financial intermediary that you
wish to receive paper copies of reports by contacting your financial intermediary. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all Goldman Sachs Funds held in your account.
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DATED [ ], 2020
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FUND
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PRINCIPAL U.S.
LISTING
EXCHANGE
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TICKER
SYMBOL
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GOLDMAN SACHS ACTIVEBETA® U.S. LOW VOL
PLUS EQUITY ETF
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[ ]
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[ ]
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(A Portfolio of Goldman Sachs ETF Trust)
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust
200 West
Street
New York, New York 10282
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI) is not a Prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the prospectus
for the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol Plus Equity ETF (the Fund), dated [ ], 2020, as it may be further amended and/or supplemented from time to time (the
Prospectus). The Prospectus may be obtained without charge from Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC by calling
1-800-621-2550 or writing to Goldman Sachs Funds, P.O. Box 06050, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
The Funds Annual Report (when available) may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
toll free at 1-800-621-2550.
GSAM® is a registered service mark of Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.
Table of Contents
-i-
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GOLDMAN SACHS ASSET MANAGEMENT, L.P.
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ALPS DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
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Investment Adviser
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Distributor
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200 West Street
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1290 Broadway, Suite 1000
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New York, New York 10282
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Denver, Colorado 80203
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THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON
Transfer Agent
240 Greenwich Street
New York, New York 10286
Toll-free (in U.S.) 1-800-621-2550 (for Shareholders/Authorized Participants) or 1-800-292-4726 (for Financial Advisors).
-ii-
INTRODUCTION
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust (the Trust) is an open-end management investment company. The
Trust is organized as a Delaware statutory trust and was established by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 16, 2009. The following series of the Trust is described in this SAI: Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol Plus Equity ETF. The Fund is passively-managed and seeks to track a specified index: Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol
Plus Equity Index (the Index).
The Trustees of the Trust have authority under the Declaration of Trust to create and classify
Shares of the Trust into separate series. Pursuant thereto, the Trustees have created the Fund and other series. Additional series may be added in the future from time to time. See SHARES OF THE TRUST.
Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. (GSAM or the Investment Adviser), an affiliate of Goldman Sachs & Co.
LLC (Goldman Sachs), serves as the Investment Adviser to the Fund. In addition, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (ALPS or the Distributor) serves as the Funds distributor, and The Bank of New York Mellon
(BNYM or the Transfer Agent) serves as the Funds transfer agent. The Funds custodian is BNYM, which also provides administrative services to the Fund.
The following information relates to and supplements the description of the Funds investment policies contained in the Prospectus. See
the Prospectus for a more complete description of the Funds investment objectives and policies. Investing in the Fund entails certain risks, and there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Capitalized terms used
but not defined herein have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.
B-1
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Shareholder
Guide section of the Prospectus. The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such section of the Prospectus.
The Shares of the Fund are anticipated to be approved for listing and trading on the [ ] (the Exchange), subject to notice of
issuance. The Shares trade on the Exchange at prices that may differ from their net asset value (NAV). There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to meet the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of
Shares.
The Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the Shares of the Fund from listing if: (1) following the initial
twelve-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (2) the value of its underlying index or portfolio of securities on
which the Fund is based is no longer calculated or available; (3) the intra-day indicative value (IIV) of the Fund is no longer calculated or available; (4) certain continued
listing standards relating to index composition set forth in the Exchange rules are not continuously maintained; or (5) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the
Exchange inadvisable. In addition, the Exchange will remove the Shares of the Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Trust or the Fund.
As in the case of other publicly-traded securities, when you buy or sell shares through a broker, you will incur a brokerage commission
determined by that broker.
In order to provide additional information regarding the indicative value of Shares of the Fund, the Exchange
or a market data vendor disseminates every 15 seconds through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, or through other widely disseminated means, an IIV for the Fund as calculated by an information provider or market data vendor. The
Trust, GSAM, and their affiliates, are not responsible for any aspect of the calculation or dissemination of the IIVs and make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the IIVs.
The Funds IIV is based on a securities component and a cash component which comprises that days Fund Deposit (as defined below),
as disseminated prior to that Business Days (as defined below) commencement of trading. The IIV does not necessarily reflect the precise composition of the current portfolio of securities held by the Fund at a particular point in time or the
best possible valuation of the current portfolio. Therefore, the IIV should not be viewed as a real-time update of the Funds NAV, which is computed only once a day. The IIV is generally determined by using both current market
quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by the Fund. The quotations of certain Fund holdings may not be updated during U.S. trading hours if such holdings do not trade in the
United States.
The cash component included in an IIV consists of estimated accrued interest, dividends and other income, less expenses.
If applicable, each IIV also reflects changes in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the applicable currency.
The Trust
reserves the right to adjust the Share prices of the Fund in the future to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net
assets of the Fund or an investors equity interest in the Fund.
The base and trading currencies of the Fund are the U.S. dollar.
The base currency is the currency in which the Funds NAV per Share is calculated and the trading currency is the currency in which Shares of the Fund are listed and traded on the Exchange.
B-2
INDEX CONSTRUCTION AND METHODOLOGY
GSAM (the Index Provider) constructs the Index in accordance with a rules-based methodology that involves three steps, as
described in greater detail below. In the first step, the individual factor subindex for low volatility (the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex) is created from the
constituents of the [ ] (the Reference Index), a market capitalization-weighted index. In the second step, the individual factor subindexes for value (the ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex), momentum (the ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex) and quality (the ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex) are created from the constituents of the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex. In the third
step, the ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex are combined in equal weights to create the Index. The Index only includes long positions (i.e., short positions are impermissible).
Step 1: Creation of the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex
Low Volatility Factor Index Construction
The ActiveBeta® Low Volatility
Factor Subindex is constructed using a patented construction technique called the ActiveBeta® Portfolio Construction Methodology, which was developed to provide exposure to the
factors or characteristics that are commonly tied to a stocks outperformance relative to market returns.
Low
Volatility Factor Measurements
To construct the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex, all constituents in the Reference Index are assigned a factor score that is derived from the low volatility measurement. The volatility measurement is
defined as the inverse of the standard deviation of past 12-month daily total stock returns.
Assign a Factor Score
All constituents in the Reference Index are ranked on the low volatility factor measurement, with the lowest-ranked constituent assigned a rank
of 0. Ranks are converted to a factor measurement score ranging from -1 to +1.
Determining Constituent Target Weights
Two parameters are used in the construction process for the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility
Factor Subindex: the Cut-off Score and the Maximum Constituent Underweight. The appropriate parameter values for the factor are determined based on historical simulations and are fixed
for the Index.
The Cut-off Score determines which constituents to overweight and underweight.
Securities with a factor score that is above the Cut-off Score receive an overweight in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex relative to the
Reference Index and securities with a factor score that is below the Cut-off Score receive an underweight in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor
Subindex relative to the Reference Index. The maximum weight of an ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex constituent will be restricted to 20 times the weight of the security in the
Reference Index.
The Maximum Constituent Underweight determines the magnitude of security weight differences relative to their weights in
the Reference Index. The ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex only includes long positions (i.e., short positions are impermissible), so the smallest absolute weight for any given
security is zero and the maximum amount it can be underweighted is equal to its Reference Index weight.
In addition, country weights in
the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex are constrained to closely match those of the Reference Index to control unwanted biases.
B-3
Step 2: Creation of the ActiveBeta® Value
Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex
Individual Factor Index Construction
The ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex are also constructed using the ActiveBeta® Portfolio Construction Methodology, as described above.
Factor Measurements
To construct the ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex, all constituents in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex are assigned a factor score that is derived from the measurements described below.
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Value: The value measurement is a composite of three valuation measures, which consist of book value-to-price, sales-to-price and free cash flow-to-price (earnings-to-price ratios are used for financial stocks or where free cash flow data are not available).
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Momentum: The momentum measurement is based on beta- and volatility-adjusted daily returns over an 11-month period ending one month prior to the rebalance date.
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Quality: The quality measurement is gross profit divided by total assets or return on equity (ROE) for
financial stocks or when gross profit is not available.
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Assign a Factor Score
All constituents in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex are ranked on the
above factor measurements, with the lowest-ranked constituent assigned a rank of 0. Ranks are converted to a factor measurement score ranging from -1 to +1.
Determining Constituent Target Weights
Two parameters are used in the construction process for the ActiveBeta® Value
Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex: the Cut-off Score and the Maximum Constituent Underweight. The appropriate parameter values for each factor are determined based on historical simulations and are fixed for the Index.
The Cut-off Score determines which constituents to overweight and underweight. Securities with a
factor score that is above the Cut-off Score receive an overweight in the applicable ActiveBeta® Factor Subindex relative to the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex and securities with a factor score that is below the Cut-off Score receive an underweight in the applicable ActiveBeta® Factor Subindex relative to the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex. The maximum weight of an Index constituent will be restricted
to 20 times the weight of the security in the Reference Index.
The Maximum Constituent Underweight determines the magnitude of security
weight differences relative to their weights in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex. The Index only includes long positions (i.e., short positions are impermissible), so the
smallest absolute weight for any given security is zero and the maximum amount it can be underweighted is equal to its ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex weight.
The ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex also incorporate certain weight constraints to control unwanted
biases.
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Value: Industry group weights within each geographic region are constrained to closely match those of the
same region in the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex. Overall weight constraints apply to the exposure of major regions.
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Momentum: All country weights are constrained to be within a band around the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex country weights as defined by a specified formula.
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Quality: Country weights are constrained to closely match those of the ActiveBeta® Low Volatility Factor Subindex.
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B-4
Step 3: Combination of the ActiveBeta® Value
Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex
In the third step, the ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex, ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex are combined in equal weights to create the Index. As part of
this combination, offsetting security positions are calculated and netted across the ActiveBeta® Value Factor Subindex,
ActiveBeta® Momentum Factor Subindex and ActiveBeta® Quality Factor Subindex until the minimum amount of weight rebalancing
is determined which maintains each security within its upper and lower weight bounds.
Rebalancing
At each rebalancing, the Index is rebalanced according to the Index construction process set forth above, subject to the ActiveBeta® Turnover Minimization Technique, which seeks to reduce turnover within the Index. Accordingly, the rebalancing process is as follows:
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Target weights for each security in the Reference Index are determined in accordance with the process set forth
above. In addition, a buffer is assigned to each security. The target weights and buffers are used to determine lower and upper trading bounds.
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The ActiveBeta® Turnover Minimization Technique allows
security weights to float inside the lower and upper trading bounds determined above, meaning that a security weight can fall anywhere within those minimum or maximum limits without requiring its weight to be adjusted in the Index rebalancing.
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The Index Provider may make changes to the methodology for the Index from time to time.
B-5
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The Fund has a distinct investment objective and policies. The investment objective of the Fund is to provide investment results that closely
correspond, before fees and expenses, to the performance of the Index. The Fund issues and redeems shares in exchange for in-kind securities or instruments. There can be no assurance that the Funds
investment objective will be achieved. The Fund is a diversified series of an open-end management company as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Company Act or
the Act). The investment objective and policies of the Fund, and the associated risks of the Fund, are discussed in the Prospectus, which should be read carefully before an investment is made. All investment objectives and investment
policies not specifically designated as fundamental may be changed without shareholder approval. However, shareholders will be provided with sixty (60) days notice in the manner prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) before any change in the Funds policy to invest at least 80% of its assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) in securities included in the Index.
The Fund offers and issues Shares at its NAV per Share only in aggregations of a specified number of shares (Creation Units),
generally in exchange for a basket of securities and/or instruments (the Deposit Securities) together with a deposit of a specified cash payment (the Cash Component), if any. Shares are redeemable by the Fund only in Creation
Units and, generally in exchange for securities and instruments. Shares trade in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below NAV. Creation Units typically are a specified number of Shares.
The Fund may charge creation/redemption transaction fees for each creation and redemption. In all cases, transaction fees will be limited in
accordance with the requirements of the SEC applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. See the CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS section below.
[To the extent the Fund invests in commodity interests, it intends to do in reliance on an exclusion from the definition of the term
commodity pool operator (CPO) under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and therefore would not be subject to registration or regulation as a CPO under the CEA.]
B-6
DESCRIPTION OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES AND PRACTICES
The investment securities and practices and related risks applicable to the Fund are presented below in alphabetical order, and not in the
order of importance or potential exposure.
Asset-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets
such as motor vehicle installment sales, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements and other categories of receivables. Such assets are securitized
through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pool insurance policy issued by a
financial institution unaffiliated with the trust or corporation, or other credit enhancements may be present.
Such securities are often
subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying
asset-backed securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, the Funds ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its
ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. To the extent that the Fund invests in asset-backed securities, the values of the Funds portfolio securities will
vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities present certain additional risks because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security
interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage assets. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which
give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real
property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an
interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile
receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, if the issuer of an asset-backed security defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, the Fund will be unable to
possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Funds recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities.
Asset Segregation
As an investment
company registered with the SEC, the Fund must identify on its books (often referred to as asset segregation) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or SEC staff-approved or other appropriate
measures, to cover open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments. In the case of swaps, futures contracts, options, forward contracts and other derivative instruments that do not cash settle, for example, the
Fund must identify on its books liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument while the positions are open, to the extent there is not a permissible offsetting position or a contractual netting agreement with respect
to swaps (other than credit default swaps where the Fund is the protection seller). However, with respect to certain swaps, futures contracts, options, forward contracts and other derivative instruments that are required to cash settle, the Fund may
identify liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Funds daily net liability) under the
instrument, if any, rather than its full notional amount. Forwards and futures contracts that do not cash settle may be treated as cash settled for asset segregation purposes when the Fund has entered into a contractual arrangement with a third
party futures commission merchant (FCM) or other counterparty to off-set the Funds exposure under the contract and, failing that, to assign its delivery obligation under the contract to the
counterparty. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future in its discretion, consistent with the Investment Company Act and SEC or SEC staff guidance. By identifying assets equal to only its net obligations
under certain instruments, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to identify assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument.
In November 2019, the SEC published a proposed rulemaking related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered
investment companies that would, if adopted, for the most part rescind the guidance of the SEC and its staff regarding asset segregation and cover transactions. Instead of complying with current guidance, the Fund would need to trade derivatives and
other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions) subject to a
value-at-risk (VaR) leverage limit, certain other derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and
B-7
requirements related to board and SEC reporting. These new requirements would apply unless the Fund qualified as a limited derivatives user, as defined in the SECs proposal. If
the Fund trades reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, it would need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of
any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Funds asset coverage ratio. Reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would not be included in the calculation of whether the Fund is a limited
derivatives user. Any new requirements, if adopted, may increase the cost of the Funds investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
Bank Obligations
The Fund may invest in
obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. or foreign banks. Bank obligations, including without limitation, time deposits, bankers acceptances and certificates of deposit, may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the
issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation. Banks are subject to extensive but different governmental regulations which may limit both the amount and types of loans which may be made and interest rates which
may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions
as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operation of this industry.
Certificates of deposit are certificates evidencing the obligation of a bank to repay funds deposited with it for a specified period of time
at a specified rate. Certificates of deposit are negotiable instruments and are similar to saving deposits but have a definite maturity and are evidenced by a certificate instead of a passbook entry. Banks are required to keep reserves against all
certificates of deposit. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal
penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. The Fund may invest in deposits in U.S. and European banks satisfying the standards set forth above.
Combined Transactions
The Fund may enter
into multiple transactions, including multiple options transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple currency transactions (as applicable) (including forward currency contracts) and multiple interest rate and other swap transactions and any
combination of futures, options, currency and swap transactions (component transactions) as part of a single or combined strategy when, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A
combined transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each of its component transactions. Although combined transactions are normally entered into based on the Investment Advisers judgment that the combined strategies
will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio management objective.
Commercial Paper and Other Short-Term Corporate Obligations
The Fund may invest in commercial paper and other short-term obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S.
corporations, non-U.S. corporations or other entities. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance
companies.
Convertible Securities
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that
may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock (or other securities) of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive
interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid or accrued on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics,
in that they generally (i) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities, (ii) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying common
stock due to their fixed-income characteristics and (iii) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its investment value (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields
of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its conversion value (the securitys worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of
a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value normally declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline.
B-8
The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible securitys investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by
the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying
common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent
to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security.
A convertible
security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible securitys governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to
permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party or permit the issuer to redeem the security. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to achieve
its investment objective, which, in turn, could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent that the Fund holds a convertible security, or a security that is otherwise converted or exchanged for common stock (e.g., as a result of a
restructuring), the Fund may, consistent with its investment objective, hold such common stock in its portfolio.
Custodial Receipts and Trust
Certificates
The Fund may invest in custodial receipts and trust certificates, which may be underwritten by securities dealers or
banks, representing interests in securities held by a custodian or trustee. The securities so held may include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises (U.S. Government
Securities), municipal securities or other types of securities in which the Fund may invest. The custodial receipts or trust certificates are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and may evidence ownership of future interest payments,
principal payments or both on the underlying securities, or, in some cases, the payment obligation of a third party that has entered into an interest rate swap or other arrangement with the custodian or trustee. For purposes of certain securities
laws, custodial receipts and trust certificates may not be considered obligations of the U.S. Government or other issuer of the securities held by the custodian or trustee. As a holder of custodial receipts and trust certificates, the Fund will bear
its proportionate share of the fees and expenses charged to the custodial account or trust. The Fund may also invest in separately issued interests in custodial receipts and trust certificates.
Although under the terms of a custodial receipt or trust certificate the Fund would typically be authorized to assert its rights directly
against the issuer of the underlying obligation, the Fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank or trustee those rights as may exist against the underlying issuers. Thus, in the event an underlying issuer fails to pay principal
and/or interest when due, the Fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, in the event that the trust or
custodial account in which the underlying securities have been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying securities
would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.
Certain custodial receipts and trust certificates may be synthetic or derivative
instruments that have interest rates that reset inversely to changing short-term rates and/or have embedded interest rate floors and caps that require the issuer to pay an adjusted interest rate if market rates fall below or rise above a specified
rate. Because some of these instruments represent relatively recent innovations, and the trading market for these instruments is less developed than the markets for traditional types of instruments, it is uncertain how these instruments will perform
under different economic and interest-rate scenarios. Also, because these instruments may be leveraged, their market values may be more volatile than other types of fixed income instruments and may present greater potential for capital gain or loss.
The possibility of default by an issuer or the issuers credit provider may be greater for these derivative instruments than for other types of instruments. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine the fair value of a derivative
instrument because of a lack of reliable objective information and an established secondary market for some instruments may not exist. In many cases, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has not ruled on the tax treatment of the interest
or payments received on the derivative instruments and, accordingly, purchases of such instruments are based on the opinion of counsel to the sponsors of the instruments.
Equity Investments
The Fund may purchase
equity investments. In addition, after its purchase, a portfolio investment (such as a convertible debt obligation) may convert to an equity security. The Fund may also acquire equity securities in connection with a restructuring event related to
one or more of its investments. If this occurs, the Fund may continue to hold the investment if the Investment Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.
B-9
Equity-Linked Structured Notes
The Fund may invest in equity-linked structured notes. Equity-linked structured notes are derivatives that are specifically designed to combine
the characteristics of one or more underlying securities and their equity derivatives in a single note form. The return and/or yield or income component may be based on the performance of the underlying equity securities, an equity index, and/or
option positions. Equity-linked structured notes are typically offered in limited transactions by financial institutions in either registered or non-registered form. An investment in equity-linked notes
creates exposure to the credit risk of the issuing financial institution, as well as to the market risk of the underlying securities. There is no guaranteed return of principal with these securities and the appreciation potential of these securities
may be limited by a maximum payment or call right. In certain cases, equity-linked notes may be more volatile and less liquid than less complex securities or other types of fixed-income securities. Such securities may exhibit price behavior that
does not correlate with other fixed-income securities.
Events Relating to the Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Markets and the Overall Economy
The unprecedented disruption in the market for mortgage loans, mortgage pass-through securities and other securities representing an
interest in or collateralized by adjustable and fixed rate mortgage loans (Mortgage-Backed Securities) (and in particular, the subprime residential mortgage market), the broader Mortgage-Backed Securities market and the
asset-backed securities market in 2008 and 2009 resulted in downward price pressures and increasing foreclosures and defaults in residential and commercial real estate. Concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and
cost of credit, the mortgage market and a depressed real estate market contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets going forward, and contributed to dramatic declines in the housing market, with
falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions. These conditions prompted a number of financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions
and, in some cases, to fail or seek bankruptcy protection. Between 2008 and 2009, the market for Mortgage-Backed Securities (as well as other asset-backed securities) was particularly adversely impacted by, among other factors, the failure and
subsequent sale of Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. to J.P. Morgan Chase, the merger of Bank of America Corporation and Merrill Lynch & Co., the insolvency of Washington Mutual Inc., the failure and subsequent bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers
Holdings, Inc., the extension of approximately $152 billion in emergency credit by the U.S. Department of Treasury (the Treasury or U.S. Treasury) to American International Group Inc., and, as described above, the
conservatorship and the control by the U.S. Government of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) and the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae). The global markets also saw an increase in
volatility due to uncertainty surrounding the level and sustainability of sovereign debt of certain countries that are part of the European Union (EU), including Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Italy, as well as the sustainability
of the EU itself. Concerns over the level and sustainability of the sovereign debt of the United States have aggravated this volatility. No assurance can be made that this uncertainty will not lead to further disruption of the credit markets in the
United States or around the globe. These events, coupled with the general global economic downturn, have resulted in a substantial level of uncertainty in the financial markets, particularly with respect to mortgage-related investments.
These events may lead to further declines in income from, or the value of, real estate, including the real estate which secures the
Mortgage-Backed Securities which may be held by the Fund. Additionally, a lack of credit liquidity, adjustments of mortgages to higher rates and decreases in the value of real property have occurred and may reoccur, and potentially prevent borrowers
from refinancing their mortgages, which may increase the likelihood of default on their mortgage loans. These economic conditions, coupled with high levels of real estate inventory and elevated incidence of underwater mortgages, may also adversely
affect the amount of proceeds the holder of a mortgage loan or Mortgage-Backed Securities (including the Mortgaged-Backed Securities in which the Fund may invest) would realize in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies. Moreover,
even if such Mortgage-Backed Securities are performing as anticipated, the value of such securities in the secondary market may nevertheless fall or continue to fall as a result of deterioration in general market conditions for such Mortgage-Backed
Securities or other asset-backed or structured products. Trading activity associated with market indices may also drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on Mortgage-Backed Securities, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such
Mortgage-Backed Securities, including the Mortgage-Backed Securities which may be owned by the Fund.
The U.S. Government, the Federal
Reserve, the U.S. Treasury, the SEC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) and other governmental and regulatory bodies have taken or are considering taking actions to address the financial crisis. These actions include,
but are not limited to, the enactment by the United States Congress of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act), which was signed into law on July 21, 2010 and imposes a new regulatory
framework over the U.S. financial services industry and the consumer credit markets in general, and the promulgation of additional regulations in this area which could affect these securities. Given the broad scope, sweeping nature, and relatively
recent enactment of some of these regulatory measures, the potential impact they could have on any of the asset-backed or Mortgage-Backed Securities which may be held by the Fund is unknown. There can be no assurance that these measures will not
have an adverse effect on the value or marketability of any asset-backed or Mortgage-Backed Securities which may be held by the Fund. Furthermore, no assurance can be made that the U.S. Government or any U.S. regulatory body (or other authority or
regulatory body) will not continue to take further legislative or regulatory action in response to the economic crisis or otherwise, and the effect of such actions, if taken, cannot be known.
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Among its other provisions, the Dodd-Frank Act creates a liquidation framework under which the
FDIC, may be appointed as receiver following a systemic risk determination by the Secretary of Treasury (in consultation with the President) for the resolution of certain nonbank financial companies and other entities, defined as
covered financial companies, and commonly referred to as systemically important entities, in the event such a company is in default or in danger of default and the resolution of such a company under other applicable law would
have serious adverse effects on financial stability in the United States, and also for the resolution of certain of their subsidiaries. No assurances can be given that this new liquidation framework would not apply to the originators of asset-backed
securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities, or their respective subsidiaries, including the issuers and depositors of such securities, although the expectation embedded in the Dodd-Frank Act is that the framework will be invoked only very
rarely. Guidance from the FDIC indicates that such new framework will largely be exercised in a manner consistent with the existing bankruptcy laws, which is the insolvency regime that would otherwise apply to the sponsors, depositors and issuing
entities with respect to asset-backed securities, including Mortgage-Backed Securities. The application of such liquidation framework to such entities could result in decreases or delays in amounts paid on, and hence the market value of, the
Mortgage-Backed or asset-backed securities that may be owned by the Fund.
Delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgage
loans may increase substantially over certain periods, which may affect the performance of the Mortgage-Backed Securities in which the Fund may invest. Mortgage loans backing non-agency Mortgage-Backed
Securities are more sensitive to economic factors that could affect the ability of borrowers to pay their obligations under the mortgage loans backing these securities. In addition, housing prices and appraisal values in many states and localities
over certain periods have declined or stopped appreciating. A continued decline or an extended flattening of those values may result in additional increases in delinquencies and losses on Mortgage-Backed Securities generally (including the
Mortgaged-Backed Securities that the Fund may invest in as described above).
The foregoing adverse changes in market conditions and
regulatory climate may reduce the cash flow which the Fund, to the extent it invests in Mortgage-Backed Securities or other asset-backed securities, receives from such securities and increase the incidence and severity of credit events and losses in
respect of such securities. In addition, interest rate spreads for Mortgage-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities are subject to widening and increased volatility due to these adverse changes in market conditions. In the event that
interest rate spreads for Mortgage-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities widen following the purchase of such assets by the Fund, the market value of such securities is likely to decline and, in the case of a substantial spread
widening, could decline by a substantial amount. Furthermore, adverse changes in market conditions may result in reduced liquidity in the market for Mortgage-Backed Securities and other asset-backed securities (including the Mortgage-Backed
Securities and other asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest) and increased unwillingness by banks, financial institutions and investors to extend credit to servicers, originators and other participants in the market for Mortgage-Backed
and other asset-backed securities. As a result, the liquidity and/or the market value of any Mortgage-Backed or asset-backed securities that are owned by the Fund may experience further declines after they are purchased by the Fund.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts
The Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and may also purchase and write call and put options on futures contracts. The Fund may
purchase and sell futures contracts based on various securities, securities indices, foreign currencies and other financial instruments and indices. Financial futures contracts used by the Fund include interest rate futures contracts including,
among others, Eurodollar futures contracts. Eurodollar futures contracts are U.S. dollar-denominated futures contracts that are based on the implied forward London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) of a three-month deposit. The Fund will
engage in futures and related options transactions in order to seek to increase total return or to hedge against changes in interest rates, securities prices or, to the extent the Fund invests in foreign securities, currency exchange rates, or to
otherwise manage its term structure, sector selection and duration in accordance with its investment objective and policies. The Fund may also enter into closing purchase and sale transactions with respect to such contracts and options.
Futures contracts utilized by funds have historically been traded on U.S. exchanges or boards of trade that are licensed and regulated by the
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) or with respect to certain funds on foreign exchanges. More recently, certain futures may also be traded either
over-the-counter or on trading facilities such as derivatives transaction execution facilities, exempt boards of trade or electronic trading facilities that are licensed
and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC. Also, certain single stock futures and narrow based security index futures may be traded either over-the-counter or on
trading facilities such as contract markets, derivatives transaction execution facilities and electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by both the CFTC and the SEC or on foreign exchanges.
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Neither the CFTC, National Futures Association (NFA), SEC nor any domestic exchange
regulates activities of any foreign exchange or boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign exchange or board of trade or any applicable foreign
law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country
in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, the Funds investments in foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on United
States exchanges. In particular, persons who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the CEA, the CFTCs regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic
exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. Similarly, those persons may not have the protection of the United States securities laws.
Futures Contracts. A futures contract may generally be described as an agreement between two parties to buy and sell particular
financial instruments or currencies for an agreed price during a designated month (or to deliver the final cash settlement price, in the case of a contract relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the end of trading in
the contract).
When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, the Fund can seek through the sale of futures contracts
to offset a decline in the value of its current portfolio securities. When interest rates are falling or securities prices are rising, the Fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, can attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later
be available in the market when it effects anticipated purchases. Similarly, the Fund can purchase and sell futures contracts on a specified currency in order to seek to increase total return or to protect against changes in currency exchange rates.
For example, the Fund may seek to offset anticipated changes in the value of a currency in which its portfolio securities, or securities that it intends to purchase, are quoted or denominated by purchasing and selling futures contracts on such
currencies. As another example, the Fund may enter into futures transactions to seek a closer correlation between the Funds overall currency exposures and the currency exposures of the Funds performance benchmark.
Positions taken in the futures market are not normally held to maturity, but are instead liquidated through offsetting transactions which may
result in a profit or a loss. While the Fund will usually liquidate futures contracts on securities or currency in this manner, the Fund may instead make or take delivery of the underlying securities or currency whenever it appears economically
advantageous for the Fund to do so. A clearing corporation associated with the exchange on which futures on securities or currency are traded guarantees that, if still open, the sale or purchase will be performed on the settlement date.
Hedging Strategies Using Futures Contracts. Hedging, by use of futures contracts, seeks to establish with more certainty than would
otherwise be possible the effective price, rate of return or currency exchange rate on portfolio securities or securities that the Fund owns or proposes to acquire. The Fund may, for example, take a short position in the futures market
by selling futures contracts to seek to hedge against an anticipated rise in interest rates or a decline in market prices or foreign currency rates that would adversely affect the dollar value of the Funds portfolio securities. Similarly, the
Fund may sell futures contracts on a currency in which its portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, or sell futures contracts on one currency to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities quoted or denominated in a
different currency if there is an established historical pattern of correlation between the two currencies. If, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser, there is a sufficient degree of correlation between price trends for the Funds portfolio
securities and futures contracts based on other financial instruments, securities indices or other indices, the Fund may also enter into such futures contracts as part of a hedging strategy. Although under some circumstances prices of securities in
the Funds portfolio may be more or less volatile than prices of such futures contracts, the Investment Adviser may attempt to estimate the extent of this volatility difference based on historical patterns and compensate for any such
differential by having the Fund enter into a greater or lesser number of futures contracts or by attempting to achieve only a partial hedge against price changes affecting the Funds portfolio securities. When hedging of this character is
successful, any depreciation in the value of portfolio securities will be substantially offset by appreciation in the value of the futures position. On the other hand, any unanticipated appreciation in the value of the Funds portfolio
securities would be substantially offset by a decline in the value of the futures position.
On other occasions, the Fund may take a
long position by purchasing such futures contracts. This may be done, for example, when the Fund anticipates the subsequent purchase of particular securities when it has the necessary cash, but expects the prices or currency exchange
rates then available in the applicable market to be less favorable than prices or rates that are currently available.
Options on
Futures Contracts. The acquisition of put and call options on futures contracts will give the Fund the right (but not the obligation), for a specified price, to sell or to purchase, respectively, the underlying futures contract at any time
during the option period. As the purchaser of an option on a futures contract, the Fund obtains the benefit of the futures position if prices move in a favorable direction but limits its risk of loss in the event of an unfavorable price movement to
the loss of the premium and transaction costs.
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The writing of a call option on a futures contract generates a premium which may partially offset
a decline in the value of the Funds assets. By writing a call option, the Fund becomes obligated, in exchange for the premium, to sell a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value higher than the exercise price. The
writing of a put option on a futures contract generates a premium, which may partially offset an increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. However, the Fund becomes obligated (upon the exercise of the option) to purchase
a futures contract if the option is exercised, which may have a value lower than the exercise price. Thus, the loss incurred by the Fund in writing options on futures is potentially unlimited and may exceed the amount of the premium received. The
Fund will incur transaction costs in connection with the writing of options on futures.
The holder or writer of an option on a futures
contract may terminate its position by selling or purchasing an offsetting option on the same financial instrument. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected. The Funds ability to establish and close out positions on
such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of a liquid market.
Other Considerations. The Fund will engage in
transactions in futures contracts and related options transactions only to the extent such transactions are consistent with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) for maintaining its qualification as
a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. Transactions in futures contracts and options on futures involve brokerage costs, require margin deposits and, in certain cases, require the Fund to identify on its books cash or liquid
assets. The Fund may cover its transactions in futures contracts and related options by identifying on its books cash or liquid assets or by other means, in any manner permitted by applicable law. For more information about these practices, see
Description of Investment Securities and Practices Asset Segregation.
While transactions in futures contracts and
options on futures may reduce certain risks, such transactions themselves entail certain other risks. Thus, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices or currency exchange rates may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund
than if it had not entered into any futures contracts or options transactions. When futures contracts and options are used for hedging purposes, perfect correlation between the Funds futures positions and portfolio positions may be impossible
to achieve, particularly where futures contracts based on individual equity or corporate fixed income securities are currently not available. In the event of imperfect correlation between a futures position and a portfolio position which is intended
to be protected, the desired protection may not be obtained and the Fund may be exposed to risk of loss. In addition, it is not possible for the Fund to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities quoted
or denominated in foreign currencies because the value of such securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of independent factors unrelated to currency fluctuations. The profitability of the Funds trading in futures depends upon the ability
of the Investment Adviser to analyze correctly the futures markets.
Illiquid Investments
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not acquire any illiquid investment
if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An illiquid investment is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or
disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments include repurchase agreements with a notice or demand period of
more than seven days, certain stripped mortgage-backed securities, certain municipal leases, certain over-the-counter derivative instruments, securities and other
financial instruments that are not readily marketable, and Restricted Securities unless, based upon a review of the relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations, those investments are determined not to be illiquid. The Trust has
implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4, and the Trustees have approved the designation of the Investment Adviser to
administer the Trusts liquidity risk management program and related procedures. In determining whether an investment is an illiquid investment, the Investment Adviser will take into account actual or estimated daily transaction volume of an
investment, group of related investments or asset class and other relevant market, trading, and investment-specific considerations. In addition, in determining the liquidity of an investment, the Investment Adviser must determine whether trading
varying portions of a position in a particular portfolio investment or asset class, in sizes that the Fund would reasonably anticipate trading, is reasonably expected to significantly affect its liquidity, and if so, the Fund must take this
determination into account when classifying the liquidity of that investment or asset class.
In addition to actual or estimated daily
transaction volume of an investment, group of related investments or asset class and other
relevant market, trading, and investment-specific
considerations, the following factors, among others, will generally impact the classification of an investment as an illiquid investment: (i) any investment that is placed on the Investment Advisers restricted trading list; and
(ii) any investment that is delisted or for which there is a trading halt at the close of the trading day on the primary listing exchange at the time of classification (and in respect of which no active secondary market exists). Investments
purchased by the
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Fund that are liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid due to these and other events and circumstances. If one or more investments in the Funds portfolio become
illiquid, the Fund may exceed the 15% limitation in illiquid investments. In the event that changes in the portfolio or other external events cause the Fund to exceed this limit, the Fund must take steps to bring its illiquid investments that are
assets to or below 15% of its net assets within a reasonable period of time. This requirement would not force the Fund to liquidate any portfolio instrument where the Fund would suffer a loss on the sale of that instrument.
Index Swaps, Interest Rate Swaps, Mortgage Swaps, Credit Swaps, Currency Swaps, Total Return Swaps, Equity Swaps, Volatility and Variance Swaps, Inflation
and Inflation Asset Swaps, Correlation Swaps, Options on Swaps and Interest Rate Caps, Floors and Collars
The Fund may enter into
interest rate, credit, total return, equity, mortgage and currency swaps. The Fund may also enter into interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also purchase and write (sell) options contracts on swaps, commonly referred to as swaptions.
The Fund may enter into index swaps, volatility and variance swaps, inflation and inflation asset swaps and correlation swaps.
The Fund
may enter into swap transactions for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. As examples, the Fund may enter into swap transactions for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than
obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, to protect against currency fluctuations, as a duration management technique, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund
anticipates purchasing at a later date, or to gain exposure to certain markets in an economical way.
In a standard swap
transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns
to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate,
in a particular foreign currency or security, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. Bilateral swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors. Cleared swaps are transacted
through futures commission merchants (FCMs) that are members of central clearinghouses with the clearinghouse serving as a central counterparty similar to transactions in futures contracts. The Fund posts initial and variation margin by
making payments to their clearing member FCMs.
Index swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of payments based on a
notional principal amount of a specified index or indices. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive payments for floating rate payments based on interest rates at
specified intervals in the future. Two types of interest rate swaps include fixed-for-floating rate swaps and basis swaps. Fixed-for-floating rate swaps involve the exchange of payments based on a fixed interest rate for payments based on a floating interest rate index. By contrast, basis swaps
involve the exchange of payments based on two different floating interest rate indices. Mortgage swaps are similar to interest rate swaps in that they represent commitments to pay and receive interest. The notional principal amount, however, is tied
to a reference pool or pools of mortgages.
Credit default swaps involve the exchange of a floating or fixed rate payment in return for
assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security or pool of securities. Loan credit default swaps are similar to credit default swaps on bonds, except that the underlying protection is sold on secured loans of a reference entity rather
than a broader category of bonds or loans. Loan credit default swaps may be on single names or on baskets of loans, both tranched and untranched. Currency swaps involve the exchange of the parties respective rights to make or receive payments
in specified currencies. Total return swaps are contracts that obligate a party to pay or receive interest in exchange for payment by the other party of the total return generated by a security, a basket of securities, an index, or an index
component. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, as a total return swap where a counterparty may agree to pay the Fund the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the equity swap contract would have
increased in value had it been invested in the particular stocks (or a group of stocks), plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. In other cases, the counterparty and the Fund may each agree to pay the difference between the
relative investment performances that would have been achieved if the notional amount of the equity swap contract had been invested in different stocks (or a group of stocks).
A volatility swap is an agreement between two parties to make payments based on changes in the volatility of a reference instrument over a
stated period of time. Volatility swaps can be used to adjust the volatility profile of the Fund. For example, the Fund may buy a volatility swap to take the position that the reference instruments volatility will increase over a stated period
of time. If this occurs, the Fund will receive a payment based upon the amount by which the realized volatility level of the reference instrument exceeds an agreed upon volatility level. If volatility is less than the agreed upon volatility level,
then the Fund will make a payment to the counterparty calculated in the same manner. A variance swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange cash payments based on changes in the variance of a reference instrument over a stated period of
time. Volatility is the mathematical square root of variance, and variance swaps are used for similar purposes as volatility swaps.
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An inflation swap is an agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to pay the
cumulative percentage increase in a reference inflation index (e.g., the Consumer Price Index) and the other party agrees to pay a compounded fixed rate over a stated period of time. In an inflation asset swap, the reference instrument is a
bond with a value that is tied to inflation (e.g., Treasury Inflation-Protected Security) and one party pays the cash flows from the reference instrument in exchange for a payment based on a fixed rate from the other party. The Fund may enter
into inflation swaps and inflation asset swaps to protect the Fund against changes in the rate of inflation.
A correlation swap is an
agreement in which two parties agree to exchange cash payments based on the correlation between specified reference instruments over a set period of time. Two assets would be considered closely correlated if, for example, their daily returns vary in
similar proportions or along similar trajectories. For example, the Fund may enter into correlation swaps to change its exposure to increases or decreases in the correlation between prices or returns of different Fund holdings.
A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into or modify an underlying swap or to modify the terms of an existing swap on agreed-upon terms. The seller of a
swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into or modify an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms, which generally entails a greater risk of loss than incurred in buying a swaption. The purchase of
an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate, to receive payment of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. The purchase of an
interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling the interest rate floor. An interest
rate collar is the combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates.
A
great deal of flexibility may be possible in the way swap transactions are structured. However, generally the Fund will enter into interest rate, total return, credit, mortgage and equity swaps on a net basis, which means that the two payment
streams are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Interest rate, total return, credit, mortgage and equity swaps do not normally involve the delivery of securities, other
underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to interest rate, total return, credit, mortgage and equity swaps is normally limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make. If the
other party to an interest rate, total return, credit, mortgage or equity swap defaults, the Funds risk of loss consists of the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive, if any.
In contrast, currency swaps usually involve the delivery of a gross payment stream in one designated currency in exchange for a gross payment
stream in another designated currency. Therefore, the entire payment stream under a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. A credit swap may have as reference
obligations one or more securities that may, or may not, be currently held by the Fund. The protection buyer in a credit swap is generally obligated to pay the protection seller an upfront or a periodic stream of payments
over the term of the swap provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the par value (full notional value) of the swap in
exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the protection
buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the
full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a rate of income
throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the
notional amount of the swap. If a credit event occurs, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the Fund as seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the
buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
As a result of recent regulatory developments, certain standardized swaps are currently
subject to mandatory central clearing and some of these cleared swaps must be traded on an exchange or swap execution facility (SEF). A SEF is a trading platform in which multiple market participants can execute swap transactions by
accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants on the platform. Transactions executed on a SEF may increase market transparency and liquidity but may cause the Fund to incur increased expenses to execute swaps. Central clearing should
decrease counterparty risk and increase liquidity compared to bilateral swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participants swap. However, central clearing does not eliminate
counterparty risk or liquidity risk entirely. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the
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margin required under the rules of a clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar
bilateral swap. However, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps which may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for
uncleared swaps. Requiring margin on uncleared swaps may reduce, but not eliminate, counterparty credit risk.
To the extent that the
Funds exposure in a transaction involving a swap, swaption or an interest rate floor, cap or collar is covered by identifying cash or liquid assets on the Funds books or is covered by other means in accordance with SEC- or SEC staff-approved guidance or other appropriate measures, the Fund and the Investment Adviser believe that the transactions do not constitute senior securities under the Act and, accordingly, will not treat
them as being subject to the Funds borrowing restrictions. For more information about these practices, see Description of Investment Securities and Practices Asset Segregation.
The use of swaps and swaptions, as well as interest rate caps, floors and collars, is a highly specialized activity which involves investment
techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the
benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.
In addition, these transactions can involve
greater risks than if the Fund had invested in the reference obligation directly because, in addition to general market risks, swaps are subject to liquidity risk, counterparty risk, credit risk and pricing risk. Regulators also may impose limits on
an entitys or group of entities positions in certain swaps. However, certain risks are reduced (but not eliminated) if the Fund invests in cleared swaps. Bilateral swap agreements are two party contracts that may have terms of greater
than seven days. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap counterparty. Many swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Swaps and
other derivatives may also be subject to pricing or basis risk, which exists when the price of a particular derivative diverges from the price of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions it may not be
economically feasible to imitate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate
a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses.
Certain rules also
require centralized reporting of detailed information about many types of cleared and uncleared swaps. This information is available to regulators and, to a more limited extent and on an anonymous basis, to the public. Reporting of swap data may
result in greater market transparency, which may be beneficial to funds that use swaps to implement trading strategies. However, these rules place potential additional administrative obligations on these funds, and the safeguards established to
protect anonymity may not function as expected.
The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and
investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments which are traded in
the interbank market. These and other factors discussed in the section above, entitled Illiquid Investments, may impact the liquidity of investments in swaps.
Lending of Portfolio Securities
The Fund
may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other institutions, including Goldman Sachs. By lending its securities, the Fund attempts to increase its net investment income.
Securities loans are required to be secured continuously by collateral in cash, cash equivalents, letters of credit or U.S. Government
Securities equal to at least 100% of the value of the loaned securities. This collateral must be valued, or marked to market, daily. Borrowers are required to furnish additional collateral to the Fund as necessary to fully cover
their obligations.
With respect to loans that are collateralized by cash, the Fund may reinvest that cash in short-term investments and
pay the borrower a pre-negotiated fee or rebate from any return earned on the investment. Investing the collateral subjects it to market depreciation or appreciation, and the Fund is
responsible for any loss that may result from its investment of the borrowed collateral. Cash collateral may be invested in, among other things, other registered or unregistered funds, including private investing funds or money market funds that are
managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, and which pay the Investment Adviser or its affiliates for their services. If the Fund would receive non-cash collateral, the Fund receives a fee
from the borrower equal to a negotiated percentage of the market value of the loaned securities.
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For the duration of any securities loan, the Fund will continue to receive the equivalent of the
interest, dividends or other distributions paid by the issuer on the loaned securities. The Fund will not have the right to vote its loaned securities during the period of the loan, but the Fund may attempt to recall a loaned security in
anticipation of a material vote if it desires to do so. The Fund will have the right to terminate a loan at any time and recall the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions.
Securities lending involves certain risks. The Fund may lose money on its investment of cash collateral, resulting in a loss of principal, or
may fail to earn sufficient income on its investment to cover the fee or rebate it has agreed to pay the borrower. The Fund may incur losses in connection with its securities lending activities that exceed the value of the interest income and fees
received in connection with such transactions. Securities lending subjects the Fund to the risk of loss resulting from problems in the settlement and accounting process, and to additional credit, counterparty and market risk. These risks could be
greater with respect to non-U.S. securities. Engaging in securities lending could have a leveraging effect, which may intensify the other risks associated with investments in the Fund. In addition, the
Fund bears the risk that the price of the securities on loan will increase while they are on loan, or that the price of the collateral will decline in value during the period of the loan, and that the counterparty will not provide, or will delay in
providing, additional collateral. The Fund also bears the risk that a borrower may fail to return securities in a timely manner or at all, either because the borrower fails financially or for other reasons. If a borrower of securities fails
financially, the Fund may also lose its rights in the collateral. The Fund could experience delays and costs in recovering loaned securities or in gaining access to and liquidating the collateral, which could result in actual financial loss and
which could interfere with portfolio management decisions or the exercise of ownership rights in the loaned securities. If the Fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the Fund may sell the collateral and purchase replacement securities in
the market. However, the Fund will incur transaction costs on the purchase of replacement securities. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for the Fund. In determining whether to lend securities to a particular borrower, and
throughout the period of the loan, the creditworthiness of the borrower will be considered and monitored. Loans will only be made to firms deemed to be of good standing, and where the consideration that can be earned currently from securities loans
of this type is deemed to justify the attendant risk. It is intended that the value of securities loaned by the Fund will not exceed one-third of the value of the Funds total assets (including
the loan collateral).
The Fund will consider the loaned securities as assets of the Fund, but will not consider any collateral as the
Fund asset except when determining total assets for the purpose of the above one-third limitation. Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not subject to the percentage
limitations stated elsewhere in this SAI or in the Prospectus regarding investing in fixed income securities and cash equivalents.
The
Funds Board of Trustees may approve a securities lending program where an affiliate of the Investment Adviser is retained to serve as the securities lending agent for the Fund. For its services, the securities lending agent may receive a fee
from the Fund, including a fee based on the returns earned on the Funds investment of cash received as collateral for the loaned securities. In addition, the Fund may make brokerage and other payments to Goldman Sachs and its affiliates in
connection with the Funds portfolio investment transactions. The Board of Trustees will periodically review reports on securities loan transactions for which a Goldman Sachs affiliate has acted as lending agent for compliance with the
Funds securities lending procedures. Goldman Sachs may also be approved as a borrower under the Funds securities lending program, subject to certain conditions.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices and Foreign Currencies
Writing and Purchasing Call and Put Options on Securities and Securities Indices. The Fund may write (sell) call and put options on any
securities in which it may invest or any securities index consisting of securities in which it may invest. The Fund may write such options on securities that are listed on national domestic securities exchanges or foreign securities exchanges or
traded in the over-the-counter market. A call option written by the Fund obligates the Fund to sell specified securities to the holder of the option at a specified price
if the option is exercised on or before the expiration date. Depending upon the type of call option, the purchaser of a call option either (i) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over a fixed price (the exercise
price) on a certain date in the future (the expiration date) or (ii) has the right to any appreciation in the value of the security over the exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. If the purchaser
exercises the option, the Fund pays the purchaser the difference between the price of the security and the exercise price of the option. The premium, the exercise price and the market value of the security determine the gain or loss realized by the
Fund as the seller of the call option. the Fund can also repurchase the call option prior to the expiration date, ending its obligation. In this case, the cost of entering into closing purchase transactions will determine the gain or loss realized
by the Fund. All call options written by the Fund are covered, which means that the Fund will own the securities subject to the option so long as the option is outstanding or the Fund will use the other methods described below. The Funds
purpose in writing call options is to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities transactions alone. However, the Fund may forego the opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security. A
put option written by the Fund obligates the Fund to purchase specified securities from the option holder at a specified price if the option is exercised on or before the expiration date. All put options
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written by the Fund would be covered, which means that the Fund will identify on its books cash or liquid assets with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option (less any
margin on deposit) or will use the other methods described below. For more information about these practices, see Description of Investment Securities and Practices Asset Segregation.
The purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the Fund. However, in return for the option premium, the Fund accepts
the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the securities market value at the time of purchase.
In the case of a call option, the option may be covered if the Fund owns the instrument underlying the call or has an absolute and
immediate right to acquire that instrument without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are identified on the Funds books) upon conversion or exchange of other
instruments held by it. A call option may also be covered if the Fund holds a call on the same instrument as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the option written,
or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund identifies liquid assets in the amount of the difference. A put option may also be covered if the Fund holds a put on the same security as the option written where
the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or higher than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the option written provided the Fund identifies on its books liquid assets in the amount
of the difference. The Fund may also cover options on securities by identifying cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit that is equal to the market value of the securities in the case
of a call option. Identified cash or liquid assets may be quoted or denominated in any currency. Identified cash or liquid assets may be quoted or denominated in any currency.
The Fund may terminate its obligations under an exchange-traded call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has
written. Obligations under over-the-counter options may be terminated only by entering into an offsetting transaction with the counterparty to such option. Such
purchases are referred to as closing purchase transactions.
The Fund may also write (sell) call and put options on any
securities index consisting of securities in which it may invest. Options on securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash settlement payments and does not involve the
actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.
The Fund may cover call options on a securities index by owning securities whose price changes are expected to be similar to those of the
underlying index or by having an absolute and immediate right to acquire such securities without additional cash consideration (or if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are identified on the Funds books)
upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by it. The Fund may also cover call and put options by identifying cash or liquid assets, as permitted by applicable law, with a value, when added to any margin on deposit, that is equal to the
market value of the underlying securities in the case of a call option or the exercise price in the case of a put option or by owning offsetting options as described above.
The writing of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with
ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of options to seek to increase total return involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of fluctuations in securities prices or interest rates. The
successful use of options for hedging purposes also depends in part on the ability of the Investment Adviser to predict future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets. If the Investment Adviser is
incorrect in its expectation of changes in securities prices or determination of the correlation between the securities indices on which options are written and purchased and the securities in the Funds investment portfolio, the investment
performance of the Fund will be less favorable than it would have been in the absence of such options transactions. The writing of options could increase the Funds portfolio turnover rate and, therefore, associated brokerage commissions or
spreads.
The Fund may also purchase put and call options on any securities in which it may invest or any securities index consisting of
securities in which it may invest. In addition, the Fund may enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options it had purchased.
The Fund may purchase call options in anticipation of an increase, or put options in anticipation of a decrease (protective puts),
in the market value of securities or other instruments of the type in which it may invest. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities or other instruments at a specified
price during the option period. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain on the purchase of a call option if, during the option period, the value of such securities exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs;
otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option. The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell
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specified securities or other instruments at a specified price during the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the market value of
the Funds securities or other instruments. Put options may also be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of affirmatively benefiting from a decline in the price of securities or other instruments which it does not own. The Fund would
ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying securities or other instruments decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise the Fund would realize either
no gain or a loss on the purchase of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of put options may be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the underlying portfolio securities or other instruments.
The Fund may purchase put and call options on securities indices for the same purposes as it may purchase options on securities. Options on
securities indices are similar to options on securities, except that the exercise of securities index options requires cash payments and does not involve the actual purchase or sale of securities. In addition, securities index options are designed
to reflect price fluctuations in a group of securities or segment of the securities market rather than price fluctuations in a single security.
Special Risks Associated with Options on Currency. An exchange-traded option position may be closed out only on an options exchange
that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the Fund will generally purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market
on an exchange will exist for any particular option or at any particular time. For some options no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the
result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the sale of underlying securities pursuant to the exercise of its options. If the Fund as a call option writer is unable to
effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying currency (or security quoted or denominated in that currency), or dispose of the identified assets, until the option expires or it delivers the
underlying currency upon exercise.
There is no assurance that higher-than-anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might
not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of customers orders.
The Fund may purchase and write over-the-counter options.
Trading in over-the-counter options is subject to the risk that the other party will be unable or unwilling to close out options purchased or written by the Fund.
The amount of the premiums that the Fund may pay or receive, may be adversely affected as new or existing institutions, including other
investment companies, engage in or increase their option purchasing and writing activities.
Writing and Purchasing Call and Put
Options on Currency. The Fund may write put and call options and purchase put and call options on foreign currencies in an attempt to protect against declines in the U.S. dollar value of foreign portfolio securities and against increases in the
U.S. dollar cost of foreign securities to be acquired. The Fund may also use options on currency to cross-hedge, which involves writing or purchasing options on one currency to seek to hedge against changes in exchange rates for a different currency
with a pattern of correlation. As with other kinds of option transactions, however, the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the premium received. If an option that the Fund has written
is exercised, the Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge against exchange rate
fluctuations; however, in the event of exchange rate movements adverse to the Funds position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign currencies may be traded on U.S. and foreign
exchanges or over-the-counter. In addition, the Fund may purchase call options on currency to seek to increase total return.
A currency call option written by the Fund obligates the Fund to sell specified currency to the holder of the option at a specified price if
the option is exercised at any time before the expiration date. A currency put option written by the Fund obligates the Fund to purchase specified currency from the option holder at a specified price if the option is exercised at any time before the
expiration date. The writing of currency options involves a risk that the Fund will, upon exercise of the option, be required to sell currency subject to a call at a price that is less than the currencys market value or be required to purchase
currency subject to a put at a price that exceeds the currencys market value. Written put and call options on foreign currencies may be covered in a manner similar to written put and call options on securities and securities indices described
under Options on Securities and Securities IndicesWriting Covered Options above.
The Fund may terminate its obligations
under a written call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one written. Such purchases are referred to as closing purchase transactions. The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or
minimize losses on purchased options.
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The Fund may purchase call options on foreign currency in anticipation of an increase in the U.S.
dollar value of currency in which securities to be acquired by the Fund are denominated or quoted. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified currency at a specified price during the
option period. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction costs; otherwise, the Fund would realize either no gain or a
loss on the purchase of the call option.
The Fund may purchase put options in anticipation of a decline in the U.S. dollar value of
currency in which securities in its portfolio are denominated or quoted (protective puts). The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell specified currency at a specified price during the
option period. The purchase of protective puts is usually designed to offset or hedge against a decline in the U.S. dollar value of the Funds portfolio securities due to currency exchange rate fluctuations. The Fund would ordinarily realize a
gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs; otherwise, the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase
of the put option. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of the underlying currency.
In addition to using options for the hedging purposes described above, the Fund may use options on currency to seek to increase total return.
The Fund may write (sell) put and call options on any currency in an attempt to realize greater income than would be realized on portfolio securities transactions alone. However, in writing call options for additional income, the Fund may forego the
opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the underlying currency. Also, when writing put options, the Fund accepts, in return for the option premium, the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying currency at a
price in excess of the currencys market value at the time of purchase.
The Fund may purchase call options to seek to increase total
return in anticipation of an increase in the market value of a currency. The Fund would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of such currency exceeded the sum of the exercise price, the premium paid and transaction
costs. Otherwise the Fund would realize either no gain or a loss on the purchase of the call option. Put options may be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of benefiting from a decline in the value of currencies which it does not own. The Fund
would ordinarily realize a gain if, during the option period, the value of the underlying currency decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to more than cover the premium and transaction costs. Otherwise, the Fund would realize either no gain
or a loss on the purchase of the put option.
Yield Curve Options. The Fund may enter into options on the yield spread
or differential between two securities. Such transactions are referred to as yield curve options. In contrast to other types of options, a yield curve option is based on the difference between the yields of designated securities, rather
than the prices of the individual securities, and is settled through cash payments. Accordingly, a yield curve option is profitable to the holder if this differential widens (in the case of a call) or narrows (in the case of a put), regardless of
whether the yields of the underlying securities increase or decrease.
The Fund may purchase or write yield curve options for the same
purposes as other options on securities. For example, the Fund may purchase a call option on the yield spread between two securities if the Fund owns one of the securities and anticipates purchasing the other security and wants to hedge against an
adverse change in the yield spread between the two securities. The Fund may also purchase or write yield curve options in an effort to increase current income if, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, the Fund will be able to profit from
movements in the spread between the yields of the underlying securities. The trading of yield curve options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, however, such options present a risk of
loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, or if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.
Yield curve options written by the Fund will be covered. A call (or put) option is covered if the Fund holds another call (or put)
option on the spread between the same two securities and identifies on its books cash or liquid assets sufficient to cover the Funds net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Funds liability for such a covered option is
generally limited to the difference between the amount of the Funds liability under the option written by the Fund less the value of the option held by the Fund. Yield curve options may also be covered in such other manner as may be in
accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations. Yield curve options are traded
over-the-counter, and established trading markets for these options may not exist.
Risks Associated with Options Transactions. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on a domestic or foreign options
exchange will exist for any particular exchange-traded option or at any particular time. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to covered options it has written, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying
securities or dispose of the assets identified on its books to cover the position until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it will have
to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.
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Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include, but are not limited
to, the following: (i) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening or closing transactions or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions
may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not
at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (vi) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of
options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades
on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
There can be no assurance that higher trading activity,
order flow or other unforeseen events will not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation or various exchanges inadequate. Such events have, in the past, resulted in the institution by an exchange of special
procedures, such as trading rotations, restrictions on certain types of order or trading halts or suspensions with respect to one or more options. These special procedures may limit liquidity.
The Fund may purchase and sell both options that are traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges and options traded over-the-counter with broker-dealers and other types of institutions that make markets in these options. The ability to terminate
over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that the broker-dealers or financial institutions participating in
such transactions will not fulfill their obligations.
Transactions by the Fund in options will be subject to limitations established by
each of the exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities on which such options are traded governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert
regardless of whether the options are written or purchased on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade or other trading facilities or are held in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of options which the Fund
may write or purchase may be affected by options written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of the Investment Adviser. An exchange, board of trade or other trading facility may order the liquidation of positions found to be in excess
of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.
The writing and purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which
involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of options to seek to increase total return involves the risk of loss if the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its
expectation of fluctuations in securities prices or interest rates. The successful use of options for hedging purposes also depends in part on the ability of the Investment Adviser to manage future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation
between the options and securities (or currency) markets. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of changes in securities prices or determination of the correlation between the securities or securities indices on which options are
written and purchased and the securities in the Funds investment portfolio, the Fund may incur losses that it would not otherwise incur. The writing of options could increase the Funds portfolio turnover rate and, therefore, associated
brokerage commissions or spreads.
Pooled Investment Vehicles
The Fund may invest in securities of pooled investment vehicles, including ETFs. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any
management fees and other expenses paid by pooled investment vehicles in which it invests, in addition to the management fees (and other expenses) paid by the Fund. The Funds investments in pooled investment vehicles are subject to statutory
limitations prescribed by the Act, including in certain circumstances a prohibition on the Fund acquiring more than 3% of the voting shares of any other investment company, and a prohibition on investing more than 5% of the Funds total assets
in securities of any one investment company or more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of all investment companies. Many ETFs, however, have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to permit unaffiliated funds (such as the Fund) to invest
in their shares beyond these statutory limits, subject to certain conditions and pursuant to contractual arrangements between the ETFs and the investing funds. The Fund may rely on these exemptive orders in investing in ETFs. Moreover, subject to
applicable law and/or pursuant to an exemptive order obtained from the SEC or under an exemptive rule adopted by the SEC, the Fund may invest in investment companies, including ETFs and money market funds, for which the Investment Adviser, or any of
its affiliates, serves as investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor. With respect to the Funds investments in money market funds, to the extent that the Fund invests in a money market fund for which the Investment Adviser or any of
its affiliates acts as investment adviser, the management fees payable by the Fund to the Investment Adviser will, to the extent required by the SEC, be reduced by an amount equal to the Funds proportionate share of the management fees paid by
such money market fund to its investment adviser. Although the Fund does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, the Fund is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in a single open-end
investment company or series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective, policies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund.
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Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Rights
The Fund may invest in preferred stock, warrants or stock purchase rights (in addition to those acquired in units or attached to other
securities) (rights). Preferred stocks are securities that represent an ownership interest providing the holder with claims on the issuers earnings and assets before common stock owners but after bond owners. Unlike debt
securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividends and other payment obligations, may not typically be accelerated by the holders of such preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default (such as a covenant
default or filing of a bankruptcy petition) or other non-compliance by the issuer with the terms of the preferred stock. Often, however, on the occurrence of any such event of default or non-compliance by the issuer, preferred stockholders will be entitled to gain representation on the issuers board of directors or increase their existing board representation. In addition, preferred
stockholders may be granted voting rights with respect to certain issues on the occurrence of any event of default.
Warrants and other
rights are options to buy a stated number of shares of common stock at a specified price at any time during the life of the warrant. The holders of warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to
the assets of the issuer.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with counterparties that furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount
of their repurchase obligation. The Fund may also enter into repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities, which may be subject to additional risks. A repurchase agreement is an arrangement under which the Fund
purchases securities and the seller agrees to repurchase the securities within a particular time and at a specified price. Custody of the securities is maintained by the Funds custodian (or subcustodian). The repurchase price may be higher
than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to
the Fund is unrelated to the interest rate on the security subject to the repurchase agreement.
For purposes of the Act, and generally
for tax purposes, a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from the Fund to the seller of the security. For other purposes, it is not always clear whether a court would consider the security purchased by the Fund subject to a repurchase
agreement as being owned by the Fund or as being collateral for a loan by the Fund to the seller. In the event of commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller of the security before repurchase of the security under
a repurchase agreement, the Fund may encounter delay and incur costs before being able to sell the security. Such a delay may involve loss of interest or a decline in value of the security. If the court characterizes the transaction as a loan and
the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the security, the Fund may be required to return the security to the sellers estate and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of
losing some or all of the principal and interest involved in the transaction.
Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency
proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security. However, if the market value of the security subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest), the Fund
will direct the seller of the security to deliver additional securities so that the market value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement equals or exceeds the repurchase price. Certain repurchase agreements which provide for settlement
in more than seven days can be liquidated before the nominal fixed term on seven days or less notice.
The Fund, together with other
registered investment companies having management agreements with the Investment Adviser or their affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more
repurchase agreements.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may purchase securities and other financial instruments that are not registered or that are offered in an exempt non-public offering (Restricted Securities) under the 1933 Act, including securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. The
purchase price and subsequent valuation of Restricted Securities may reflect a discount from the
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price at which such securities trade when they are not restricted, because the restriction makes them less liquid. The amount of the discount from the prevailing market price is expected to vary
depending upon the type of security, the character of the issuer, the party who will bear the expenses of registering the Restricted Securities and prevailing supply and demand conditions. These and other factors discussed in the section above,
entitled Illiquid Investments, may impact the liquidity of investments in Restricted Securities.
Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts
Regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
(Dodd-Frank), which are scheduled to take effect throughout 2019, require that certain qualified financial contracts (QFCs) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking
organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts, forward contracts,
repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and swaps agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements, credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of the Fund or certain of the covered
counterpartys affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. These requirements may impact the
Funds credit and counterparty risks.
U.S. Government Securities
The Fund may invest in U.S. Government Securities. Some U.S. Government Securities (such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, which differ only
in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others, such as obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, are
supported either by (i) the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, (ii) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the issuer or (iii) the credit of the issuer. The U.S.
Government is under no legal obligation, in general, to purchase the obligations of its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. government
agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises in the future, and the U.S. Government may be unable to pay debts when due.
U.S.
Government Securities include (to the extent consistent with the Act) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. Government, or its agencies, instrumentalities or
sponsored enterprises. U.S. Government Securities may also include (to the extent consistent with the Act) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government
or its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. The secondary market for certain of these participations is extremely limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations are regarded as illiquid.
The Fund may also purchase U.S. Government Securities in private placements and may also invest in separately traded principal and interest
components of securities guaranteed or issued by the U.S. Treasury that are traded independently under the separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities program. The Fund may also invest in zero coupon U.S. Treasury securities
and in zero coupon securities issued by financial institutions which represent a proportionate interest in underlying U.S. Treasury securities.
Inflation-Protected Securities. The Fund may invest in inflation protected securities (IPS) of varying maturities issued by
the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. and non-U.S. Government agencies and corporations, which are securities whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. The interest rate on
IPS is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation. Although repayment of the greater of the adjusted or original bond principal upon
maturity is guaranteed, the market value of IPS is not guaranteed, and will fluctuate.
The values of IPS generally fluctuate in response
to changes in real interest rates, which are in turn tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates will decline, leading
to an increase in the value of IPS. In contrast, if nominal interest rates were to increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates will rise, leading to a decrease in the value of IPS. If inflation is lower than expected during the
period the Fund holds IPS, the Fund may earn less on the IPS than on a conventional bond. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in the currency exchange rates), investors in IPS may not be protected
to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bonds inflation measure. There can be no assurance that the inflation index for IPS will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services.
B-23
Any increase in principal value of IPS caused by an increase in the consumer price index is
taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though the Fund holding IPS will not receive cash representing the increase at that time. As a result, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not
advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements as a regulated investment company.
If the Fund invests in IPS,
it will be required to treat as original issue discount any increase in the principal amount of the securities that occurs during the course of its taxable year. If the Fund purchases such IPS that are issued in stripped form either as stripped
bonds or coupons, it will be treated as if it had purchased a newly issued debt instrument having original issue discount.
Because the
Fund is required to distribute substantially all of its net investment income (including accrued original issue discount), the Funds investment in either zero coupon bonds or IPS may require the Fund to distribute to shareholders an amount
greater than the total cash income it actually receives. Accordingly, in order to make the required distributions, the Fund may be required to borrow or liquidate securities.
When-Issued Securities and Forward Commitments
The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis beyond the customary
settlement time. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and
paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. In addition, recently finalized rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) include mandatory margin requirements that require the Fund
to post collateral in connection with its to-be-announced (TBA) transactions. There is no similar requirement applicable to the Funds TBA
counterparties. The required collateralization of TBA trades could increase the cost of TBA transactions to the Fund and impose added operational complexity. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the
other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges. The Fund will generally purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and
actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. The Fund may also sell securities it has committed to purchase
before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses in connection with these transactions. For purposes of determining the Funds duration, the maturity of when-issued or
forward commitment securities for fixed-rate obligations will be calculated from the commitment date. The Fund is generally required to identify on its books cash and liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet the purchase price unless the
Funds obligations are otherwise covered. Alternatively, the Fund may enter into offsetting contracts for the forward sale of other securities that it owns. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued or forward commitment basis involve a
risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date or if the value of the security to be sold increases prior to the settlement date.
Zero Coupon, Deferred Interest, Pay-In-Kind and Capital Appreciation Bonds
The Fund may invest in zero coupon, deferred interest,
pay-in-kind (PIK) and capital appreciation bonds. Zero coupon, deferred interest and capital appreciation bonds are debt securities issued or sold at a
discount from their face value and which do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or a specified date. The original issue discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash payment date,
prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. These securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves
or receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons.
PIK securities may be debt obligations
or preferred shares that provide the issuer with the option of paying interest or dividends on such obligations in cash or in the form of additional securities rather than cash. Similar to zero coupon bonds and deferred interest bonds, PIK
securities are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK securities that are debt securities can be either senior or subordinated debt and generally trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest). The trading price of PIK
debt securities generally reflects the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last interest payment.
The market prices of zero coupon, deferred interest, capital appreciation bonds and PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market
prices of interest bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Moreover, zero coupon, deferred interest, capital
appreciation and PIK securities involve the additional risk that, unlike securities that periodically pay interest to maturity, the Fund will realize no cash until a specified future payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if
the issuer of such securities defaults, the Fund may obtain no return at all on its investment. The valuation of such investments requires judgment regarding the collection of future
B-24
payments. In addition, even though such securities do not provide for the payment of current interest in cash, the Fund is nonetheless required to accrue income on such investments for each
taxable year and generally are required to distribute such accrued amounts (net of deductible expenses, if any) to avoid being subject to tax. Because no cash is generally received at the time of the accrual, the Fund may be required to liquidate
other portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy federal tax distribution requirements applicable to the Fund. A portion of the discount with respect to stripped tax exempt securities or their coupons may be taxable. See
TAXATION.
Special Note Regarding Regulatory Changes and Other Market Events
Federal, state, and foreign governments, regulatory agencies, and self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of
the Fund or the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Future legislation or regulation or other governmental actions could limit or preclude the Funds ability to achieve its
investment objective or otherwise adversely impact an investment in the Fund. Furthermore, worsened market conditions, including as a result of U.S. government shutdowns or the perceived creditworthiness of the United States, could have a negative
impact on securities markets.
The Funds investments, payment obligations and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such
as LIBOR, EURIBOR and other similar types of reference rates (each, a Reference Rate). On July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) which regulates LIBOR, announced that the FCA will no longer
persuade nor compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR and certain other Reference Rates after 2021. Such announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR and other Reference Rates on the current basis cannot and will not be
guaranteed after 2021. This announcement and any additional regulatory or market changes may have an adverse impact on the Funds investments, performance or financial condition. Until then, the Fund may continue to invest in instruments that
reference such rates or otherwise use such Reference Rates due to favorable liquidity or pricing.
In advance of 2021, regulators and
market participants will seek to work together to identify or develop successor Reference Rates and how the calculation of associated spreads (if any) should be adjusted. Additionally, prior to 2021, it is expected that industry trade associations
and participants will focus on the transition mechanisms by which the Reference Rates and spreads (if any) in existing contracts or instruments may be amended, whether through marketwide protocols, fallback contractual provisions, bespoke
negotiations or amendments or otherwise. Nonetheless, the termination of certain Reference Rates presents risks to the Fund. At this time, it is not possible to exhaustively identify or predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of
alternative Reference Rates or any other reforms to Reference Rates that may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. The elimination of a Reference Rate or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of Reference Rates
may affect the value, liquidity or return on certain Fund investments and may result in costs incurred in connection with closing out positions and entering into new trades, adversely impacting the Funds overall financial condition or results
of operations. The impact of any successor or substitute Reference Rate, if any, will vary on an investment-by-investment basis, and any differences may be material
and/or create material economic mismatches, especially if investments are used for hedging or similar purposes. In addition, although certain Fund investments may provide for a successor or substitute Reference Rate (or terms governing how to
determine a successor or substitute Reference Rate) if the Reference Rate becomes unavailable, certain Fund investments may not provide such a successor or substitute Reference Rate (or terms governing how to determine a successor or substitute
Reference Rate). Accordingly, there may be disputes as to: (i) any successor or substitute Reference Rate; or (ii) the enforceability of any Fund investment that does not provide such a successor or substitute Reference Rate (or terms
governing how to determine a successor or substitute Reference Rate). The Investment Adviser, Goldman Sachs and/or their affiliates may have discretion to determine a successor or substitute Reference Rate, including any price or other adjustments
to account for differences between the successor or substitute Reference Rate and the previous rate. The successor or substitute Reference Rate and any adjustments selected may negatively impact the Funds investments, performance or financial
condition, including in ways unforeseen by the Investment Adviser, Goldman Sachs and/or their affiliates. In addition, any successor or substitute Reference Rate and any pricing adjustments imposed by a regulator or by counterparties or otherwise
may adversely affect the Funds performance and/or NAV, and may expose the Fund to additional tax, accounting and regulatory risks.
In the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, the financial sector experienced reduced liquidity in credit and other fixed income
markets, and an unusually high degree of volatility, both domestically and internationally. While entire markets were impacted, issuers that had exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets were particularly affected. The instability in
the financial markets led the U.S. Government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and certain segments of the financial markets. For example, Dodd-Frank, which was enacted in 2010, provides
for broad regulation of financial institutions, consumer financial products and services, broker-dealers, over-the-counter derivatives, investment advisers, credit
rating agencies and mortgage lending.
B-25
Governments or their agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and
acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such ownership or disposition may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and
performance of the Funds portfolio holdings.
In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly
interconnected, and political, economic and other conditions and events (including, but not limited to, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, and social unrest) in one country, region, or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a
different country, region or financial market. The Fund could be negatively impacted if the value of a portfolio holding were harmed by such political or economic conditions or events. Moreover, such negative political and economic conditions and
events could disrupt the processes necessary for the Funds operations. See Special Note Regarding Operational, and Cyber Security and Litigation Risks for additional information on operational risks.
Special Note Regarding Operational, Cyber Security and Litigation Risks
An investment in the Fund may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human
errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. The use of certain investment strategies that
involve manual or additional processing, such as over-the-counter derivatives, increases these risks. Although the Fund attempts to minimize such failures through
controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The Fund and its shareholders
could be negatively impacted as a result.
The Fund is also susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from
cyber-attacks. In general, cyber-attacks result from deliberate attacks, but other events may have effects similar to those caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting confidential information and other data
that is maintained online or digitally for financial gain, denial-of-service attacks on websites causing operational disruption, and the unauthorized release of
confidential information and other data. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or its investment adviser, sub-adviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediary or other third-party service provider may adversely
impact the Fund and its shareholders. These cyber-attacks have the ability to cause significant disruptions and impact business operations; to result in financial losses; to prevent shareholders from transacting business; to interfere with the
Funds calculation of NAV and to lead to violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs and/or additional compliance costs. Similar to operational
risk in general, the Fund and its service providers, including GSAM, have instituted risk management systems designed to minimize the risks associated with cyber security. However, there is a risk that these systems will not succeed (or that any
remediation efforts will not be successful), especially because the Fund does not directly control the risk management systems of the service providers to the Fund, its trading counterparties or the issuers in which the Fund may invest. Moreover,
there is a risk that cyber-attacks will not be detected.
The Fund may be subject to third-party litigation, which could give rise to
legal liability. These matters involving the Fund may arise from its activities and investments and could have a materially adverse effect on the Fund, including the expense of defending against claims and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements
or judgments. There can be no guarantee that these matters will not arise in the normal course of business. If the Fund was to be found liable in any suit or proceeding, any associated damages and/or penalties could have a materially adverse effect
on the Funds finances, in addition to being materially damaging to its reputation.
B-26
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The investment restrictions set forth below have been adopted by the Trust as fundamental policies that cannot be changed with respect to the
Fund without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the Act) of the Fund. The investment objective of the Fund and all other investment policies or practices of the Fund are considered
by the Trust not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed without shareholder approval. For purposes of the Act, a majority of the outstanding voting securities means the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust
or the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or the Fund.
For purposes of the following limitations (except for the asset coverage requirement with respect to borrowings, which is subject to different
requirements under the Act), any limitation which involves a maximum percentage shall not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets
of, or borrowings by, the Fund. In applying fundamental investment restriction number (1) below to derivative transactions or instruments, including, but not limited to, futures, swaps, forwards, options and structured notes, the Fund will look
to the industry of the reference asset(s) and not to the counterparty or issuer. With respect to the Funds fundamental investment restriction number (2) below, in the event that asset coverage (as defined in the Act) at any time falls
below 300%, the Fund, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays) or such longer period as the SEC may prescribe by rules and regulations, will reduce the amount of its borrowings to the extent required so that the asset
coverage of such borrowings will be at least 300%.
Fundamental Investment Restrictions
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may not:
|
(1)
|
Invest more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of one or more issuers conducting their principal
business activities in the same industry except that the Fund may invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in securities of issuers in the same industry if the index that the Fund replicates concentrates in an industry (for the purposes
of this restriction, the U.S. Government, state and municipal governments and their agencies, authorities and instrumentalities are not deemed to be industries);
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(2)
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Borrow money, except as permitted by the Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or
other authority with appropriate jurisdiction;
|
The following interpretation applies to, but is not part of, this
fundamental policy: In determining whether a particular investment in portfolio instruments or participation in portfolio transactions is subject to this borrowing policy, the accounting treatment of such instrument or participation shall be
considered, but shall not by itself be determinative. Whether a particular instrument or transaction constitutes a borrowing shall be determined by the Board, after consideration of all of the relevant circumstances;
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(3)
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Make loans, except through (a) the purchase of debt obligations, loan interests and other interests or
obligations in accordance with the Funds investment objective and policies; (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions; (c) loans of securities as permitted by applicable law or pursuant
to an exemptive order granted under the Act; and (d) loans to affiliates of the Fund to the extent permitted by law;
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(4)
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Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by the Fund
may be deemed to be an underwriting;
|
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(5)
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Purchase, hold or deal in real estate, although the Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by
real estate or interests therein or that reflect the return of an index of real estate values, securities of issuers which invest or deal in real estate, securities of real estate investment trusts and mortgage-related securities and may hold and
sell real estate it has acquired as a result of the ownership of securities;
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B-27
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(6)
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Invest in physical commodities, except that the Fund may invest in currency and financial instruments and
contracts in accordance with its investment objective and policies, including, without limitation, structured notes, futures contracts, swaps, options on commodities, currencies, swaps and futures, ETFs, investment pools and other instruments,
regardless of whether such instrument is considered to be a commodity; and
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(7)
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Issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.
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The Fund may, notwithstanding any other fundamental investment restriction or policy, invest some or all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same fundamental investment restrictions and policies as the Fund.
B-28
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The Trusts Leadership Structure
The business and affairs of the Fund are managed under the direction of the Board of Trustees (the Board), subject to the laws of
the State of Delaware and the Trusts Declaration of Trust. The Trustees are responsible for deciding matters of overall policy and reviewing the actions of the Trusts service providers. The officers of the Trust conduct and supervise the
Funds daily business operations. Trustees who are not deemed to be interested persons of the Trust as defined in the Act are referred to as Independent Trustees. Trustees who are deemed to be interested
persons of the Trust are referred to as Interested Trustees. The Board is currently composed of four Independent Trustees and one Interested Trustee. The Board has selected an Independent Trustee to act as Chairman, whose duties
include presiding at meetings of the Board and acting as a focal point to address significant issues that may arise between regularly scheduled Board and Committee meetings. In the performance of the Chairmans duties, the Chairman will consult
with the other Independent Trustees and the Funds officers and legal counsel, as appropriate. The Chairman may perform other functions as requested by the Board from time to time.
The Board meets as often as necessary to discharge its responsibilities. Currently, the Board conducts regular,
in-person meetings at least four times a year, and holds special in-person or telephonic meetings as necessary to address specific issues that require attention prior to
the next regularly scheduled meeting. In addition, the Independent Trustees meet at least annually to review, among other things, investment management agreements, distribution and/or service plans and related agreements, transfer agency agreements
and certain other agreements providing for the compensation of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates by the Fund, and to consider such other matters as they deem appropriate.
The Board has established five standing committees Audit, Governance and Nominating, Compliance, Valuation and Contract Review
Committees. The Board may establish other committees, or nominate one or more Trustees to examine particular issues related to the Boards oversight responsibilities, from time to time. Each Committee meets periodically to perform its delegated
oversight functions and reports its findings and recommendations to the Board. For more information on the Committees, see the section STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES, below.
The Trustees have determined that the Trusts leadership structure is appropriate because it allows the Trustees to effectively perform
their oversight responsibilities.
B-29
Trustees of the Trust
Information pertaining to the Trustees of the Trust as of [ ], 2020 is set forth below.
Independent Trustees
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|
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Name, Address
and Age1
|
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Position(s)
Held with
the Trust
|
|
Term of Office
and Length of
Time Served2
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
|
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Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee3
|
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Other
Directorships
Held by Trustee4
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Lawrence W.
Stranghoener
Age: [65]
|
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Chairman of the Board of Trustees
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Trustee since 2015; Chairman since 2017
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Mr. Stranghoener is retired. He is Chairman, Kennametal, Inc. (a global manufacturer and distributor of tooling and industrial
materials) (2003-Present); Director, Aleris Corporation and Aleris International, Inc. (a producer of aluminum rolled products) (2011-Present); and was formerly Interim Chief Executive Officer (2014); and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer (20042014), Mosaic Company (a fertilizer manufacturing company).
Chairman of the Board of TrusteesGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund;
Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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[46]
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Kennametal, Inc. (a global manufacturer and distributor of tooling and industrial materials)
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Caroline Dorsa
Age: [60]
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Trustee
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Since 2016
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Ms. Dorsa is retired. She is Director, Biogen Inc. (a biotechnology company) (2010Present); Director, Intellia Therapeutics Inc.
(a gene-editing company) (2015Present); and Director, Illumina, Inc. (a life sciences company) (2017Present). She was formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc. (a generation and
energy services company) (20092015); Senior Vice President, Merck & Co, Inc. (a pharmaceutical company) (2008-2009 and 19872007); Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (a pharmaceutical
company) (2007-2008); and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Avaya, Inc. (a technology company) (2007).
TrusteeGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income
Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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[46]
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|
Biogen Inc. (a biotechnology company); Intellia Therapeutics Inc. (a gene-editing company); Illumina, Inc. (a life sciences company)
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B-30
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name, Address
and Age1
|
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Position(s)
Held with
the Trust
|
|
Term of Office
and Length of
Time Served2
|
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
|
|
Number of
Portfolios in
Fund Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee3
|
|
Other
Directorships
Held by Trustee4
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|
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Linda A. Lang
Age: [61]
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Trustee
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Since 2016
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Ms. Lang is retired. She was formerly Chair of the Board of Directors (20162019); and Member of the Board of Directors, WD-40 Company (20042019); Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (20052014); and Director, President and Chief Operating Officer, Jack in the Box, Inc. (a restaurant company) (20032005). Previously,
Ms. Lang served as an Advisory Board Member of Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund and Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (February 2016 March 2016).
TrusteeGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund;
Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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[46]
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None
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Michael Latham
Age: [54]
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Trustee
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Since 2015
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Mr. Latham is retired. Formerly, he held senior management positions with the iShares exchange-traded fund business, including Chairman
(20112014); Global Head (20102011); U.S. Head (20072010); and Chief Operating Officer (20032007).
TrusteeGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income
Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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[46]
|
|
None
|
|
Interested Trustee
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James A. McNamara*
Age: [57]
|
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President and Trustee
|
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Since 2014
|
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Advisory Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2018Present); Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2000December 2017); Director of
Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993April 1998).
President and TrusteeGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs
Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
|
|
[169]
|
|
None
|
*
|
Mr. McNamara is considered to be an Interested Trustee because he holds positions with Goldman
Sachs and owns securities issued by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Mr. McNamara holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or
distributor.
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B-31
1
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Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Goldman Sachs, 200 West Street, New York, New
York, 10282, Attn: Caroline Kraus.
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2
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Subject to such policies as may be adopted by the Board from time-to-time, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term, until the earliest of: (a) the election of his or her successor; (b) the date the Trustee resigns or is removed by the Board or
shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Declaration of Trust; or (c) the termination of the Trust. The Board has adopted policies which provide that (a) no Trustee shall hold office for more than 15 years and (b) a Trustee
shall retire as of December 31st of the calendar year in which he or she reaches his or her 74th birthday, unless a waiver of such requirement shall have been adopted by a majority of the other Trustees. These policies may be changed by the Trustees
without shareholder vote.
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3
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[The Goldman Sachs Fund Complex includes certain other companies listed above for each respective Trustee. As
of [ ], 2020, Goldman Sachs ETF Trust consisted of [ ] portfolios ([ ] of which offered shares to the public); Goldman Sachs Trust consisted of [ ]
portfolios ([ ] of which offered shares to the public); Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust consisted of [ ] portfolios; Goldman Sachs Trust II consisted of [ ] portfolios
([ ] of which offered shares to the public); and Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund, Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund, Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income
Fund each consisted of one portfolio. Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund did not offer shares to the public.]
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4
|
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the Act.
|
The
significance or relevance of a Trustees particular experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills is considered by the Board on an individual basis. Experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills common to all Trustees include the
ability to critically review, evaluate and discuss information provided to them and to interact effectively with the other Trustees and with representatives of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, other service providers, legal counsel and the
Funds independent registered public accounting firm, the capacity to address financial and legal issues and exercise reasonable business judgment, and a commitment to the representation of the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The
Governance and Nominating Committees charter contains certain other factors that are considered by the Governance and Nominating Committee in identifying and evaluating potential nominees to serve as Independent Trustees. Based on each
Trustees experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, considered individually and with respect to the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of other Trustees, the Board has concluded that each Trustee should serve as a
Trustee. Below is a brief discussion of the experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills of each individual Trustee as of [ ], 2020 that led the Board to conclude that such individual should serve as a Trustee.
Lawrence W. Stranghoener. Mr. Stranghoener has served as a Trustee of the Trust since 2015 and Chairman of the Board of Trustees since 2017.
Mr. Stranghoener is retired. Mr. Stranghoener is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Kennametal, Inc., a global manufacturer and distributor of tooling and industrial materials. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Aleris
Corporation and Aleris International, Inc., which provides aluminum rolled products and extrusions, aluminum recycling, and specification alloy production, where he chairs the Audit Committee and also serves on the Compensation Committee.
Previously, Mr. Stranghoener held several senior management positions at Mosaic Company, a fertilizer manufacturing company, where he worked for 10 years, most recently as Interim Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer. As Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Mosaic Company, Mr. Stranghoener implemented public company processes, policies and performance standards to transition the company from private to public ownership
and oversaw the companys controller, treasury, tax, investor relations, strategy and business development, and internal audit functions. He also led the integration of Mosaic Company with IMC Global, Inc. during their merger. Previously,
Mr. Stranghoener served for three years as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Thrivent Financial, a non-profit, financial services organization and Techies.com, an internet-based
professional services company. Mr. Stranghoener also held several senior management positions at Honeywell International, Inc. where he worked for 17 years, most recently as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Based on the foregoing,
Mr. Stranghoener is experienced with financial and investment matters.
Caroline Dorsa. Ms. Dorsa has served as a Trustee of the Trust
since 2016. Ms. Dorsa is retired. Ms. Dorsa has been designated as the Boards audit committee financial expert given her extensive accounting and finance experience. Ms. Dorsa is a member of the Board of Directors of
Biogen Inc., a biotechnology company, where she chairs the Audit Committee and also serves on the Risk Committee. In addition, Ms. Dorsa also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Intellia Therapeutics Inc., a gene-editing company,
where she chairs the Audit Committee and serves on the Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Furthermore, Ms. Dorsa serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Illumina, Inc., a life sciences company,
where she serves on the Audit Committee. Previously, she served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc. (PSEG), a generation and energy services company. As Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Dorsa was responsible for finance, accounting and internal audit, risk management and investor relations. Prior to becoming Chief Financial Officer, she was a member of PSEGs Board of Directors
and a member of its Audit, Corporate Governance and Finance committees for six years. Prior to joining PSEG, Ms. Dorsa held various management positions at Merck &Co, Inc., where she worked for over 20 years, most recently in the
position of Senior Vice President of Global Human Health Strategy and Integration. As Vice President and Treasurer of Merck from 1994 through 2006, her responsibilities also included the global tax function, transfer pricing, global entity
management and financial planning for both the research and manufacturing divisions. Based on the foregoing, Ms. Dorsa is experienced with financial and investment matters.
B-32
Linda A. Lang. Ms. Lang has served as a Trustee of the Trust since 2016. Ms. Lang is
retired. Ms. Lang was formerly Chair of the Board of Directors of WD-40 Company, a global consumer products company, where she served on the Compensation and Finance Committees. Ms. Lang also
previously held several senior management positions at Jack in the Box, Inc., a restaurant company listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market, where she worked for 30 years, most recently as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Over that time, she was
involved in the areas of strategic planning, capital structure and deployment, and enterprise risk management. Ms. Lang previously served on the Board of Directors of the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corporation and as a Trustee of
the California State University System. In addition, she also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of San Diego State Universitys College of Business Administration and is a member of the Corporate Directors Forum. Based on the
foregoing, Ms. Lang is experienced with financial and investment matters.
Michael Latham. Mr. Latham has served as a Trustee of the
Trust since 2015. Mr. Latham is retired. Previously, he held several senior management positions for 15 years with the iShares exchange-traded fund business owned by BlackRock, Inc. and previously owned by Barclays Global Investors, most
recently as Chairman and Global Head of the business. In that capacity he was one of the lead executives responsible for the growth of the business. He was also involved in governance of the iShares funds, serving initially as Principal Financial
Officer and later as President and Principal Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors. Mr. Latham is a certified public accountant, and before joining Barclays Global Investors, he worked at Ernst and Young for over five years.
Based on the foregoing, Mr. Latham is experienced with accounting, financial and investment matters.
James A. McNamara. Mr. McNamara has
served as a Trustee and President of the Trust since 2014. Mr. McNamara is an Advisory Director to Goldman Sachs. Prior to retiring as Managing Director at Goldman Sachs in 2017, Mr. McNamara was head of Global Third Party Distribution at
GSAM and was previously head of U.S. Third Party Distribution. Prior to that role, Mr. McNamara served as Director of Institutional Fund Sales. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs, Mr. McNamara was Vice President and Manager at Dreyfus
Institutional Service Corporation. Based on the foregoing, Mr. McNamara is experienced with financial and investment matters.
Officers of the
Trust
Information pertaining to the Officers of the Trust as of [ ], 2020 is set forth below.
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Name
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Position(s) Held
with the Trust(s)
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Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served1
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Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
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James A. McNamara
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [57]
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Trustee and
President
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Since 2014
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Advisory Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2018 Present); Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2000 December 2017);
Director of Institutional Fund Sales, GSAM (April 1998 December 2000); and Senior Vice President and Manager, Dreyfus Institutional Service Corporation (January 1993 April 1998).
President and TrusteeGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs
Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income
Fund.
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B-33
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Name
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Position(s) Held
with the Trust(s)
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Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served1
|
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Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
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Joseph F. DiMaria
30 Hudson Street
Jersey City, NJ
07302
Age: [51]
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Treasurer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer
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Since 2017 (Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer since 2019)
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (November 2015 Present) and Vice President Mutual Fund Administration, Columbia Management
Investment Advisers, LLC (May 2010 October 2015).
Treasurer, Principal
Financial Officer and Principal Accounting OfficerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust (previously Assistant Treasurer (2017)); Goldman Sachs Trust (previously Assistant Treasurer (2016)); Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust (previously Assistant
Treasurer (2016)); Goldman Sachs Trust II (previously Assistant Treasurer (2017)); Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund (previously Assistant Treasurer (2017)); Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund (previously Assistant Treasurer
(2017)); Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Julien Yoo
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [48]
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Chief Compliance Officer
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Since 2014
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2020Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (December 2014December 2019); Contingent
Worker, Goldman Sachs (September 2013May 2014); and Vice President, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (20052010).
Chief Compliance OfficerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs BDC,
Inc.; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit LLC; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit II LLC; Goldman Sachs Middle Market Lending Corp.; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman
Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Peter W. Fortner
30 Hudson Street
Jersey City, NJ
07302
Age: [62]
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since 2014
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (July 2000 Present); and Principal Accounting Officer, Commerce Bank Mutual Fund Complex (2008
Present).
Assistant TreasurerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs
Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income
Fund.
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Allison Fracchiolla
30 Hudson Street
Jersey City, NJ
07302
Age: [36]
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since 2014
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (January 2013 Present).
Assistant TreasurerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; and Goldman Sachs Trust
II.
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B-34
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Name
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Position(s) Held
with the Trust(s)
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Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served1
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Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
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Tyler Hanks
222 S. Main St
Salt Lake City, UT
84101
Age: [38]
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Assistant Treasurer
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Since 2019
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (January 2016 Present); and Associate, Goldman Sachs (January 2014 January 2016).
Assistant TreasurerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs
Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Kirsten Frivold Imohiosen
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [49]
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Assistant
Treasurer
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Since 2019
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2018 Present); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (May 1999 December 2017).
Assistant TreasurerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs
Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc.; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit LLC; Goldman Sachs Private Middle
Market Credit II LLC; Goldman Sachs Middle Market Lending Corp.; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Steven Z. Indich
30 Hudson Street
Jersey City, NJ
07302
Age: [50]
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Assistant
Treasurer
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Since 2019
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (February 2010 Present).
Assistant TreasurerGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income
Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc.; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit LLC; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit II LLC; Goldman Sachs Middle Market Lending Corp.; Goldman Sachs
Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Carol Liu
30 Hudson Street
Jersey City, NJ
07302
Age: [45]
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Assistant
Treasurer
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|
Since 2019
|
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (October 2017 Present); Tax Director, The Raine Group LLC (August 2015 October 2017); and Tax
Director, Icon Investments LLC (January 2012 August 2015).
Assistant
Treasurer Goldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc.;
Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit LLC; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit II LLC; Goldman Sachs Middle Market Lending Corp.; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income
Fund.
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B-35
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Name
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Position(s) Held
with the Trust(s)
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Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served1
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Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
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Michael Crinieri
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [55]
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Vice President
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Since 2014
|
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2002 Present); and Vice President, Goldman Sachs (April 2000 January 2002).
Vice PresidentGoldman Sachs ETF Trust.
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Levee Brooks
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [38]
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Vice President
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Since 2019
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (2017 Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2009 2017); Associate, Goldman Sachs (2006
2009); Analyst, Goldman Sachs (2005 2006); and Chairman of the Board of Directors, Moogi, Inc. (2008 2013).
Vice PresidentGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income
Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Patrick Hyland
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [45]
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Vice President
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Since 2019
|
|
Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2010 Present).
Vice PresidentGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income
Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Michael Twohig
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [54]
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Vice President
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Since 2019
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (2014 Present).
Vice PresidentGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit
Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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B-36
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Name
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Position(s) Held
with the Trust(s)
|
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Term of Office and
Length of Time
Served1
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Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years
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Caroline L. Kraus
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [42]
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Secretary
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Since 2014
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Managing Director, Goldman Sachs (January 2016 Present); Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2006 December 2015); Associate
General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (2012 Present); Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2006 December 2011); and Associate, Weil, Gotshal & Manges, LLP (2002 2006).
SecretaryGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust (previously Assistant
Secretary (2012)); Goldman Sachs Variable Insurance Trust (previously Assistant Secretary (2012)); Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs BDC, Inc.; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit LLC; Goldman Sachs Private Middle Market Credit II LLC;
Goldman Sachs Middle Market Lending Corp.; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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Robert Griffith
200 West Street
New York, NY
10282
Age: [45]
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Assistant Secretary
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Since 2018
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Vice President, Goldman Sachs (August 2011 Present); Associate General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (December 2014 Present);
Assistant General Counsel, Goldman Sachs (August 2011 December 2014); Vice President and Counsel, Nomura Holding America, Inc. (2010 2011); and Associate, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP (2005 2010).
Assistant SecretaryGoldman Sachs ETF Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust; Goldman Sachs
Variable Insurance Trust; Goldman Sachs Trust II; Goldman Sachs MLP Income Opportunities Fund; Goldman Sachs MLP and Energy Renaissance Fund; Goldman Sachs Credit Income Fund; and Goldman Sachs Real Estate Diversified Income Fund.
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1
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Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees or until their successors are duly elected and
qualified. Each officer holds comparable positions with certain other companies of which Goldman Sachs, GSAM or an affiliate thereof is the investment adviser, administrator and/or distributor.
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Standing Board Committees
The Audit
Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the Board with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the
Board an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Audit Committee and
Ms. Dorsa serves as Chair of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee met five times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.
The Governance and Nominating Committee has been established to: (i) assist the Board in matters involving fund governance, which
includes making recommendations to the Board with respect to the effectiveness of the Board in carrying out its responsibilities in governing the Fund and overseeing its management; (ii) select and nominate candidates for appointment or
election to serve as Independent Trustees; and (iii) advise the Board on ways to improve its effectiveness. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Governance and Nominating Committee. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an
indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance and Nominating Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing
address stated in the Funds Prospectus and should be directed to the attention of the Goldman Sachs Trust Governance and Nominating Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended August 31,
2019.
B-37
The Compliance Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the compliance
processes: (i) of the Fund; and (ii) insofar as they relate to services provided to the Fund, of the Funds Investment Adviser, Distributor, administrator (if any), and Transfer Agent, except that compliance processes relating to the
accounting and financial reporting processes, and certain related matters, are overseen by the Audit Committee. In addition, the Compliance Committee provides assistance to the full Board with respect to compliance matters. All of the Independent
Trustees serve on the Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee met four times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.
The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities held by the Fund in
accordance with the Trusts Valuation Procedures. Messrs. McNamara and DiMaria serve on the Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee met twelve times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019.
The Contract Review Committee has been established for the purpose of overseeing the processes of the Board for reviewing and monitoring
performance under the Funds investment management, distribution, transfer agency, and certain other agreements with the Funds Investment Adviser and its affiliates. The Contract Review Committee is also responsible for overseeing the
Boards processes for considering and reviewing performance under the operation of the Funds distribution, service, shareholder administration and other plans, and any agreements related to the plans. The Contract Review Committee also
provides appropriate assistance to the Board in connection with the Boards approval, oversight and review of the Funds other service providers including, without limitation, the Funds custodian/accounting agent, sub-transfer agents, professional (legal and accounting) firms and printing firms. All of the Independent Trustees serve on the Contract Review Committee. The Contract Review Committee met once during the fiscal
year ended August 31, 2019.
Risk Oversight
The Board is responsible for the oversight of the activities of the Fund, including oversight of risk management. Day-to-day risk management with respect to the Fund is the responsibility of GSAM or other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), subject to supervision by
GSAM. The risks of the Fund include, but are not limited to, liquidity risk, investment risk, compliance risk, operational risk, reputational risk, credit risk and counterparty risk. Each of GSAM and the other service providers have their own
independent interest in risk management and their policies and methods of risk management may differ from the Fund and each others in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result,
the Board recognizes that it is not possible to identify all of the risks that may affect the Fund or to develop processes and controls to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects, and that some risks are simply beyond the control of the
Fund or GSAM, their respective affiliates or other service providers.
The Board effectuates its oversight role primarily through regular
and special meetings of the Board and Board committees. In certain cases, risk management issues are specifically addressed in reports, presentations and discussions. For example, on an annual basis, GSAM will provide the Board with a written report
that addresses the operation, adequacy and effectiveness of the Trusts liquidity risk management program, which is designed to assess and manage the Funds liquidity risk. In addition, investment risk is discussed in the context of
regular presentations to the Board on Fund strategy. Other types of risk are addressed as part of presentations on related topics (e.g., compliance policies) or in the context of presentations focused specifically on one or more risks. The
Board also receives reports from GSAM management on operational risks, reputational risks and counterparty risks relating to the Fund.
Board oversight of risk management is also performed by various Board committees. For example, the Audit Committee meets with both the
Funds independent registered public accounting firm and GSAMs internal audit group to review risk controls in place that support the Fund as well as test results, and the Compliance Committee meets with the CCO and representatives of
GSAMs compliance group to review testing results of the Funds compliance policies and procedures and other compliance issues. Board oversight of risk is also performed as needed between meetings through communications between the GSAM
and the Board. The Board may, at any time and in its discretion, change the manner in which it conducts risk oversight. The Boards oversight role does not make the Board a guarantor of the Funds investments or activities.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares
The
following table shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund and other portfolios of the Goldman Sachs Fund Complex as of December 31, 2019.
B-38
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Name of Trustee
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Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund1
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Aggregate Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in
All
Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen By Trustee
|
|
Lawrence W. Stranghoener
|
|
|
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$
|
[
|
]
|
Caroline Dorsa
|
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|
|
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$
|
[
|
]
|
Linda A. Lang
|
|
|
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$
|
[
|
]
|
Michael Latham
|
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|
|
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$
|
[
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]
|
James A. McNamara
|
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|
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$
|
[
|
]
|
1
|
Includes the value of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee in the Fund.
|
[As of [ ], [ ], the Trustees and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding
shares of beneficial interest of the Fund.]
Board Compensation
Each Independent Trustee is compensated with a unitary annual fee for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and as a member of the
Governance and Nominating Committee, Compliance Committee, Contract Review Committee, and Audit Committee. The Chairman and audit committee financial expert receive additional compensation for their services. The Independent Trustees are
also reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust may also pay the reasonable incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment
company industry.
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each Trustee of the Trust for
the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019:
Trustee Compensation
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Name of Trustee
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Goldman Sachs
ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol
Plus Equity
ETF*
|
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Pension or Retirement
Benefits Accrued as Part
Of the Trusts Expenses
|
|
|
Total Compensation From
the Fund Complex
(including the Fund)(4)
|
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Lawrence W. Stranghoener(1)
|
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|
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$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
[
|
]
|
Caroline Dorsa(2)
|
|
|
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$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
[
|
]
|
Linda A. Lang
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
[
|
]
|
Michael Latham
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
0
|
|
|
$
|
[
|
]
|
James A. McNamara(3)
|
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|
|
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|
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*
|
The Fund had not commenced operations as of [ ], 2020. Under current compensation
arrangements, it is estimated that the Trustees will receive the following compensation from each Fund for the current fiscal year: Mr. Stranghoener $[ ]; Ms. Dorsa $[ ]; Ms. Lang
$[ ]; Mr. Latham $[ ]; and Mr. McNamara $0.
|
1
|
Includes compensation as Board Chair.
|
2
|
Includes compensation as audit committee financial expert, as defined in Item 3 of Form N-CSR.
|
3
|
Mr. McNamara is an Interested Trustee, and as such, receives no compensation from the Fund or the Goldman
Sachs Fund Complex.
|
4
|
Represents fees paid to each Trustee during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2019 from the Goldman Sachs
Fund Complex. [Includes fees paid with respect to Goldman Sachs Private Markets Fund 2018 LLC, Goldman Sachs Private Markets Fund 2018 (A) LLC and Goldman Sachs Private Markets Fund (B) LLC.]
|
Miscellaneous
The Trust, its Investment
Adviser and the Distributor have adopted codes of ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the Act that permit personnel subject to their particular codes of ethics to invest in securities, including securities that may be
purchased or held by the Fund.
B-39
MANAGEMENT SERVICES
As stated in the Funds Prospectus, GSAM, 200 West Street, New York, New York 10282, serves as Investment Adviser to the Fund. GSAM is an
indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and an affiliate of Goldman Sachs. See Service Providers in the Funds Prospectus for a description of the Investment Advisers duties to the Fund.
Founded in 1869, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is a publicly-held financial holding company and a leading global investment banking,
securities and investment management firm. Goldman Sachs is a leader in developing portfolio strategies and in many fields of investing and financing, participating in financial markets worldwide and serving individuals, institutions, corporations
and governments. Goldman Sachs is also among the principal market sources for current and thorough information on companies, industrial sectors, markets, economies and currencies, and trades and makes markets in a wide range of equity and debt
securities 24 hours a day. The firm is headquartered in New York with offices in countries throughout the world. It has trading professionals throughout the United States, as well as in London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Seoul, Sao Paulo and other major
financial centers around the world. The active participation of Goldman Sachs in the worlds financial markets enhances its ability to identify attractive investments. Goldman Sachs has agreed to permit the Fund to use the name Goldman
Sachs or a derivative thereof as part of the Funds name for as long as the Funds management agreement (the Management Agreement) is in effect.
The Management Agreement provides that GSAM, in its capacity as Investment Adviser, may render similar services to others so long as the
services under the Management Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Funds Management Agreement was approved by the Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to such agreement or
interested persons (as such term is defined in the Act) of any party thereto (the non-interested Trustees), on [ ], 2020. A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees basis for
approving the Management Agreement with respect to the Fund will be available in the Funds first annual or semi-annual report following its launch.
The Management Agreement will remain in effect for an initial two-year period and will continue in
effect with respect to the Fund from year to year thereafter provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities or a majority of the Trustees of
the Trust, and (ii) the vote of a majority of the non-interested Trustees of the Trust, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Management Agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the Act). The Management Agreement is also terminable at any
time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on 60 days written notice to the Investment Adviser or by the Investment Adviser on 60 days written notice to the
Trust.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser is entitled to receive the fee set forth below, payable monthly based
on the Funds average daily net assets. Under the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser is responsible for substantially all the expenses of the Fund, excluding payments under the Funds 12b-1
plan (if any), interest, expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage fees, costs of holding shareholder meetings and litigation, indemnification and extraordinary expenses.
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Fund
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Contractual
Rate
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Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol
Plus Equity ETF
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[
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]%
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Since the Fund is newly-organized, it did not pay management fees during the
last three fiscal years.
The imposition of the Investment Advisers fees will have the effect of reducing the total
return to investors. From time to time, the Investment Adviser may waive receipt of its fees, which would have the effect of lowering the Funds overall expense ratio and increasing total return to investors at the time such amounts are waived.
In addition to providing advisory services, under its Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser also, to the extent such services are
not required to be performed by others pursuant to the fund administration and accounting agreement, the custodian agreement, the transfer agency agreement, distribution agreement or such other agreements with service providers to the Fund that the
Board has approved: (i) supervises all non-advisory operations of the Fund that it advises; (ii) provides personnel to perform such executive, administrative and clerical services as are reasonably
necessary to provide effective administration of the Fund; (iii) arranges for: (a) the preparation of all required tax returns, (b) the preparation and submission of reports to existing shareholders, (c) the periodic updating of
prospectuses and statements of additional information and (d) the preparation of reports to be filed with the SEC and other regulatory authorities; (iv) maintains the Funds records; and (v) provides office space and all
necessary office equipment and services.
B-40
Portfolio Managers Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
The following table discloses accounts within each type of category listed below for which the portfolio managers are jointly and primarily responsible for day
to day portfolio management as of [ ], 2020, unless otherwise noted.
For each portfolio manager listed below, the total number of
accounts managed is a reflection of accounts within the strategy he oversees or manages. There may be multiple portfolio managers involved with each account.
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Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account
Type
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Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance Based
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Name of Portfolio
Manager
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Registered
Investment
Companies
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Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
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Other
Accounts
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Registered
Investment
Companies
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Other Pooled
Investment Vehicles
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Other
Accounts
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|
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Number
of
Accounts
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|
Assets
Managed
|
|
Number of
Accounts
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|
Assets
Managed
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|
Number
of
Accounts
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Assets
Managed
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|
Number
of
Accounts
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|
Assets
Managed
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|
Number
of
Accounts
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|
Assets
Managed
|
|
Number
of
Accounts
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|
Assets
Managed
|
Portfolio
Management Team
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Raj Garigipati
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[ ]
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$ [ ]
|
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[ ]
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$ [ ]
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|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
|
|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
|
|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
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[ ]
|
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$ [ ]
|
Jamie McGregor
|
|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
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|
[ ]
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$ [ ]
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|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
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|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
|
|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
|
|
[ ]
|
|
$ [ ]
|
Footnotes:
1.
|
Asset information is in USD [millions] unless otherwise specified.
|
2.
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles includes private investment funds and SICAVs (a type of open-end investment company organized outside the U.S.).
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3.
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Other Accounts includes a separately managed account platform, advisory mutual fund platform,
advisory relationships and others. For purposes of the above, a platform is included as a single account.
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B-41
Conflicts of Interest. The Investment Advisers portfolio managers are often
responsible for managing the Fund as well as other registered funds, accounts, including proprietary accounts, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles, such as unregistered private funds. A portfolio manager may manage a separate
account or other pooled investment vehicle which may have materially higher fee arrangements than the Fund and may also have a performance-based fee. The side-by-side
management of these funds may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades.
The Investment Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. To this end, the
Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management.
In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Fund and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades for
consistency with these policies. For more information about conflicts of interests that may arise in connection with the portfolio managers management of the Funds investments and the investments of other accounts, see POTENTIAL
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.
Portfolio Managers Compensation
Compensation for portfolio managers of the Investment Adviser is comprised of a base salary and
year-end discretionary variable compensation. The base salary is fixed from year to year. Year-end discretionary variable compensation is primarily a function of each
portfolio managers individual performance and his or her contribution to overall team performance; the performance of the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs; the teams net revenues for the past year which is primarily derived from
advisory fees; and anticipated compensation levels among competitor firms.
The discretionary variable compensation for portfolio managers
is also significantly influenced by various factors, including: (1) effective participation in team discussions and process; and (2) management of risk in alignment with the targeted risk parameter and investment objective of the Fund.
Other factors may also be considered including: (1) general client/shareholder orientation and (2) teamwork and leadership. Portfolio managers may receive equity-based awards as part of their discretionary variable compensation.
Other CompensationIn addition to base salary and year-end discretionary variable compensation,
the Investment Adviser has a number of additional benefits in place including (1) a 401(k) program that enables employees to direct a percentage of their base salary and bonus income into a tax-qualified
retirement plan; and (2) investment opportunity programs in which certain professionals may participate subject to certain eligibility requirements.
Portfolio Managers Portfolio Managers Ownership of Securities in the Fund
The Fund was not in operation as of [ ], 2020. Consequently, the portfolio managers owned no securities issued by the Fund as of that date.
Distributor and Transfer Agent
Distributor: ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1000, Denver, Colorado 80203, serves as the exclusive distributor of Creation
Units of shares of the Fund pursuant to a best efforts arrangement as provided by a distribution agreement with the Trust on behalf of the Fund. Shares of the Fund are offered and sold on a continuous basis by ALPS, acting as agent. The
Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in the Funds Shares.
Transfer Agent: The Bank of New York Mellon, 240
Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as the Trusts transfer and dividend disbursing agent. Under its transfer agency agreement with the Trust, BNYM has undertaken with the Trust to provide the following services with respect to
the Fund: (i) perform and facilitate the performance of purchases and redemptions of Creation Units, (ii) prepare and transmit by means of Depository Trust Companys (DTC) book-entry system payments for dividends and
distributions on or with respect to the Shares declared by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, (iii) prepare and deliver reports, information and documents as specified in the transfer agency agreement, (iv) perform the customary services of
a transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent, and (v) render certain other miscellaneous services as specified in the transfer agency agreement or as otherwise agreed upon.
B-42
The Trusts distribution and transfer agency agreements each provide that BNYM may render
similar services to others so long as the services BNYM provides thereunder are not impaired thereby. Such agreements also provide that the Trust will indemnify BNYM against certain liabilities.
Expenses
The Board of Trustees of the
Trust has approved a unitary management fee structure for the Fund. Under the unitary fee structure, the Investment Adviser is responsible for paying substantially all the expenses of the Fund, excluding payments under the Funds 12b-1 plan (if any), interest expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage fees, costs of holding shareholder meetings and litigation, indemnification and extraordinary expenses.
The imposition of the Investment Advisers fees, as well as any other operating expenses not borne by the Investment Adviser as described
above, will have the effect of reducing the total return to investors. From time to time, the Investment Adviser may waive receipt of its fees, which would have the effect of lowering the Funds overall expense ratio and increasing total return
to investors at the time such amounts are waived or assumed, as the case may be.
Custodian, Sub-Custodians and
Provider of Administrative Services
BNYM is the custodian of the Trusts portfolio securities and cash. The custodian of the
Trust may change from time to time. BNYM also maintains the Trusts accounting records. BNYM may appoint domestic and foreign sub-custodians and use depositories from time to time to hold securities and
other instruments purchased by the Trust in foreign countries and to hold cash and currencies for the Trust.
BNYM provides administrative
services pursuant to a fund administration agreement with the Trust (the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement) pursuant to which BNYM provides certain services, including, among others, (i) preparation of certain shareholder
reports and communications; (ii) preparation of certain reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; (iii) certain net asset value computation services; and (iv) such other services for the Trust as may be mutually
agreed upon between the Trust and BNYM. For its services under the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement, BNYM receives such fees based on a stated percentage of net assets as are agreed upon from time to time between the parties. In
addition, BNYM is reimbursed by the Fund for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement. In addition,
an affiliate of BNYM will also provide certain other services for the Trust, including, (i) providing foreign exchange transaction services and (ii) executing trades in connection with certain creation and redemption transactions effected
partially in cash. For these services, the BNYM affiliate will receive compensation based on levels that are negotiated with the Trust and/or the Investment Adviser. BNYM also provides certain middle office services to GSAM pursuant to a service
agreement.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
[ ], is the Funds independent registered public accounting firm. The Funds independent registered public accounting firm may change
from time to time. In addition to audit services, [ ] provides assistance on certain non-audit matters.
Securities Lending
The Fund has not yet
commenced operations and, therefore, does not have information regarding whether the Fund has engaged in securities lending activities as of the most recently completed fiscal year.
B-43
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
General Categories of Conflicts Associated with the Funds
Goldman Sachs (which, for purposes of this POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST section, shall mean, collectively, The Goldman Sachs
Group, Inc., the Investment Adviser and their affiliates, directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees) is a worldwide, full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization
and a major participant in global financial markets. As such, it provides a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high net-worth individuals. Goldman Sachs acts as an investment banker, research provider, investment adviser, financier, adviser, market maker, prime broker, derivatives dealer, lender, counterparty, agent, principal
and investor. In those and other capacities, Goldman Sachs advises clients in all markets and transactions and purchases, sells, holds and recommends a broad array of investments, including securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies,
credit default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products, for its own account and for the accounts of clients and of its personnel, through client accounts and the relationships and products it sponsors, manages and
advises. Goldman Sachs has direct and indirect interests in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equities, bank loan and other markets, and the securities and issuers, in which the Funds may directly and indirectly invest. As a result,
Goldman Sachs activities and dealings may affect the Funds in ways that may disadvantage or restrict the Funds and/or benefit Goldman Sachs or other Accounts. For purposes of this POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST section,
Funds shall mean, collectively, the Fund and any of the other Goldman Sachs Funds, and Accounts shall mean Goldman Sachs own accounts, accounts in which personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest, accounts of Goldman
Sachs clients, including separately managed accounts (or separate accounts), and investment vehicles that Goldman Sachs sponsors, manages or advises, including the Fund.
The following are descriptions of certain conflicts of interest and potential conflicts of interest that may be associated with the financial
or other interests that the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs may have in transactions effected by, with, or on behalf of the Funds. In addition, the Investment Advisers activities on behalf of certain other entities that are not investment
advisory clients of the Investment Adviser may create conflicts of interest between such entities, on the one hand, and Accounts (including the Funds), on the other hand, that are the same as or similar to the conflicts that arise between the Funds
and other Accounts, as described herein. The conflicts herein do not purport to be a complete list or explanation of the conflicts associated with the financial or other interests the Investment Adviser or Goldman Sachs may have now or in the
future. Additional information about potential conflicts of interest regarding the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs is set forth in the Investment Advisers Form ADV. A copy of Part 1 and Part 2A of the Investment Advisers Form ADV is
available on the SECs website (www.adviserinfo.sec.gov).
The Sale of Fund Shares and the Allocation of Investment Opportunities
Sales Incentives and Related Conflicts Arising from Goldman Sachs Financial and Other Relationships with
Intermediaries
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of the Investment Adviser, may receive benefits and earn fees
and compensation for services provided to Accounts (including the Funds) and in connection with the distribution of the Funds. Any such fees and compensation may be paid directly or indirectly out of the fees payable to the Investment Adviser in
connection with the management of such Accounts (including the Funds). Moreover, Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including employees of the Investment Adviser, may have relationships (both involving and not involving the Funds, and including
without limitation placement, brokerage, advisory and board relationships) with distributors, consultants and others who recommend, or engage in transactions with or for, the Funds. Such distributors, consultants and other parties may receive
compensation from Goldman Sachs or the Funds in connection with such relationships. As a result of these relationships, distributors, consultants and other parties may have conflicts that create incentives for them to promote the Funds.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs and the Funds may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial
intermediaries and to salespersons to promote the Funds. These payments may be made out of Goldman Sachs assets or amounts payable to Goldman Sachs. These payments may create an incentive for such persons to highlight, feature or recommend the
Funds.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among the Funds and Other Accounts
The Investment Adviser may manage or advise multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and its personnel have an interest)
that have investment objectives that are the same or similar to the Funds and that may seek to make or sell investments in the same securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the Funds. This creates potential
B-44
conflicts, particularly in circumstances where the availability or liquidity of such investment opportunities is limited (e.g., in local and emerging markets, high yield securities, fixed
income securities, regulated industries, small capitalization, direct or indirect investments in private investment funds, investments in master limited partnerships in the oil and gas industry and initial public offerings/new issues).
The Investment Adviser does not receive performance-based compensation in respect of its investment management activities on behalf of the
Funds, but may simultaneously manage Accounts for which the Investment Adviser receives greater fees or other compensation (including performance-based fees or allocations) than it receives in respect of the Funds. The simultaneous management of
Accounts that pay greater fees or other compensation and the Funds creates a conflict of interest as the Investment Adviser has an incentive to favor Accounts with the potential to receive greater fees when allocating resources, services, functions
or investment opportunities among Accounts. For instance, the Investment Adviser may be faced with a conflict of interest when allocating scarce investment opportunities given the possibly greater fees from Accounts that pay performance-based fees.
To address these types of conflicts, the Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures under which it will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that it believes is consistent with its obligations and fiduciary duties as an
investment adviser. However, the availability, amount, timing, structuring or terms of an investment by the Funds may differ from, and performance may be lower than, the investments and performance of other Accounts.
To address these potential conflicts, the Investment Adviser has developed allocation policies and procedures that provide that the Investment
Advisers personnel making portfolio decisions for Accounts will make investment decisions for, and allocate investment opportunities among, such Accounts consistent with the Investment Advisers fiduciary obligations. These policies and
procedures may result in the pro rata allocation (on a basis determined by the Investment Adviser) of limited opportunities across eligible Accounts managed by a particular portfolio management team, but in other cases such allocation may not be pro
rata.
Allocation-related decisions for the Funds and other Accounts may be made by reference to one or more factors. Factors may include:
the Accounts portfolio and its investment horizons, objectives, guidelines and restrictions (including legal and regulatory restrictions affecting certain Accounts or affecting holdings across Accounts); client instructions; strategic fit and
other portfolio management considerations, including different desired levels of exposure to certain strategies; the expected future capacity of the Funds and the applicable Accounts; limits on the Investment Advisers brokerage discretion;
cash and liquidity needs and other considerations; the availability of other appropriate or substantially similar investment opportunities; and differences in benchmark factors and hedging strategies among Accounts. Suitability considerations,
reputational matters and other considerations may also be considered.
In a case in which one or more Accounts are intended to be the
Investment Advisers primary investment vehicles focused on, or to receive priority with respect to, a particular trading strategy, other Accounts (including the Funds) may not have access to such strategy or may have more limited access than
would otherwise be the case. To the extent that such Accounts are managed by areas of Goldman Sachs other than the Investment Adviser, such Accounts will not be subject to the Investment Advisers allocation policies. Investments by such
Accounts may reduce or eliminate the availability of investment opportunities to, or otherwise adversely affect, the Fund. Furthermore, in cases in which one or more Accounts are intended to be the Investment Advisers primary investment
vehicles focused on, or receive priority with respect to, a particular trading strategy or type of investment, such Accounts may have specific policies or guidelines with respect to Accounts or other persons receiving the opportunity to invest
alongside such Accounts with respect to one or more investments (Co-Investment Opportunities). As a result, certain Accounts or other persons will receive allocations to, or rights to invest in, Co-Investment Opportunities that are not available generally to the Funds.
In addition, in some cases
the Investment Adviser may make investment recommendations to Accounts that make investment decisions independently of the Investment Adviser. In circumstances in which there is limited availability of an investment opportunity, if such Accounts
invest in the investment opportunity at the same time as, or prior to, a Fund, the availability of the investment opportunity for the Fund will be reduced irrespective of the Investment Advisers policies regarding allocations of investments.
The Investment Adviser may, from time to time, develop and implement new trading strategies or seek to participate in new trading
strategies and investment opportunities. These strategies and opportunities may not be employed in all Accounts or employed pro rata among Accounts where they are used, even if the strategy or opportunity is consistent with the objectives of such
Accounts. Further, a trading strategy employed for a Fund that is similar to, or the same as, that of another Account may be implemented differently, sometimes to a material extent. For example, a Fund may invest in different securities or other
assets, or invest in the same securities and other assets but in different proportions, than another Account with the same or similar trading strategy. The implementation of the Funds trading strategy will depend on a variety of factors,
including the portfolio
B-45
managers involved in managing the trading strategy for the Account, the time difference associated with the location of different portfolio management teams, and the factors described above and
in Item 6 (PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENTSide-by-Side
Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities) of the Investment Advisers Form ADV.
During periods of
unusual market conditions, the Investment Adviser may deviate from its normal trade allocation practices. For example, this may occur with respect to the management of unlevered and/or long-only Accounts that are typically managed on a side-by-side basis with levered and/or long-short Accounts.
The
Investment Adviser and the Funds may receive notice of, or offers to participate in, investment opportunities from third parties for various reasons. The Investment Adviser in its sole discretion will determine whether a Fund will participate in any
such investment opportunities and investors should not expect that the Fund will participate in any such investment opportunities unless the opportunities are received pursuant to contractual requirements, such as preemptive rights or rights
offerings, under the terms of the Funds investments. Moreover, Goldman Sachs businesses outside of the Investment Adviser are under no obligation or other duty to provide investment opportunities to the Funds, and generally are not expected to
do so. Further, opportunities sourced within particular portfolio management teams within the Investment Adviser may not be allocated to Accounts (including the Funds) managed by such teams or by other teams. Opportunities not allocated (or not
fully allocated) to the Funds or other Accounts managed by the Investment Adviser may be undertaken by Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), including for Goldman Sachs Accounts, or made available to other Accounts or third parties, and
the Funds will not receive any compensation related to such opportunities. Additional information about the Investment Advisers allocation policies is set forth in Item 6 (PERFORMANCE-BASED FEES AND SIDE-BY-SIDE MANAGEMENTSide-by-Side Management of Advisory Accounts; Allocation of Opportunities) of the
Investment Advisers Form ADV.
As a result of the various considerations above, there will be cases in which certain Accounts
(including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs and personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) receive an allocation of an investment opportunity at times that the Funds do not, or when the Funds receive an allocation of such opportunities but on
different terms than other Accounts (which may be less favorable). The application of these considerations may cause differences in the performance of different Accounts that employ strategies the same or similar to those of the Funds.
Multiple Accounts (including the Funds) may participate in a particular investment or incur expenses applicable in connection with the
operation or management of the Accounts, or otherwise may be subject to costs or expenses that are allocable to more than one Account (which may include, without limitation, research expenses, technology expenses, expenses relating to participation
in bondholder groups, restructurings, class actions and other litigation, and insurance premiums). The Investment Adviser may allocate investment-related and other expenses on a pro rata or different basis.
Accounts will generally incur expenses with respect to the consideration and pursuit of transactions that are not ultimately consummated
(broken-deal expenses). Examples of broken-deal expenses include (i) research costs, (ii) fees and expenses of legal, financial, accounting, consulting or other advisers (including the Investment Adviser or its affiliates) in
connection with conducting due diligence or otherwise pursuing a particular non-consummated transaction, (iii) fees and expenses in connection with arranging financing for a particular non-consummated transaction, (iv) travel and entertainment costs, (v) deposits or down payments that are forfeited in connection with, or amounts paid as a penalty for, a particular non-consummated transaction and (vi) other expenses incurred in connection with activities related to a particular non-consummated transaction.
The Investment Adviser has adopted a policy relating to the allocation of broken-deal expenses among Accounts (including the Funds) and other
potential investors. Pursuant to the policy, broken-deal expenses generally will be allocated among Accounts in the manner that the Investment Adviser determines to be fair and equitable, which may be pro rata or on a different basis.
B-46
Goldman Sachs Financial and Other Interests May Incentivize Goldman Sachs to Promote
the Sale of Fund Shares
Goldman Sachs and its personnel have interests in promoting sales of Fund shares, and the compensation
from such sales may be greater than the compensation relating to sales of interests in other Accounts. Therefore, Goldman Sachs and its personnel may have a financial interest in promoting Fund shares over interests in other Accounts.
Management of the Funds by the Investment Adviser
Considerations Relating to Information Held by Goldman Sachs
Goldman Sachs has established certain information barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different
businesses within Goldman Sachs. As a result of information barriers, the Investment Adviser generally will not have access, or will have limited access, to certain information and personnel in other areas of Goldman Sachs relating to business
transactions for clients (including transactions in investing, banking, prime brokerage and certain other areas), and generally will not manage the Funds with the benefit of information held by such other areas. Goldman Sachs, due to its access to
and knowledge of funds, markets and securities based on its prime brokerage and other businesses, may make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to interests in investments of the kind held (directly or
indirectly) by the Funds in a manner that may be adverse to the Funds, and will not have any obligation or other duty to share information with the Investment Adviser.
In limited circumstances, however, including for purposes of managing business and reputational risk, and subject to policies and procedures,
personnel on one side of an information barrier may have access to information and personnel on the other side of the information barrier through wall crossings. The Investment Adviser faces conflicts of interest in determining whether
to engage in such wall crossings. Information obtained in connection with such wall crossings may limit or restrict the ability of the Investment Adviser to engage in or otherwise effect transactions on behalf of the Funds (including purchasing or
selling securities that the Investment Adviser may otherwise have purchased or sold for an Account in the absence of a wall crossing). In managing conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the foregoing, the Investment Adviser generally
will be subject to fiduciary requirements.
Information barriers also exist between certain businesses within the Investment Adviser, and
the conflicts described herein with respect to information barriers and otherwise with respect to Goldman Sachs and the Investment Adviser will also apply to the businesses within the Investment Adviser. There may also be circumstances in which, as
a result of information held by certain portfolio management teams in the Investment Adviser, the Investment Adviser limits an activity or transaction for a Fund, including if the Fund is managed by a portfolio management team other than the team
holding such information.
In addition, regardless of the existence of information barriers, Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or
other duty to make available for the benefit of the Funds any information regarding Goldman Sachs trading activities, strategies or views, or the activities, strategies or views used for other Accounts. Furthermore, to the extent that the
Investment Adviser has access to fundamental analysis and proprietary technical models or other information developed by Goldman Sachs and its personnel, or other parts of the Investment Adviser, the Investment Adviser will not be under any
obligation or other duty to effect transactions on behalf of Accounts (including the Funds) in accordance with such analysis and models. In the event Goldman Sachs elects not to share certain information with the Investment Adviser or personnel
involved in decision-making for Accounts (including the Funds), the Funds may make investment decisions that differ from those they would have made if Goldman Sachs had provided such information, which may be disadvantageous to the Funds.
Different areas of the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs may take views, and make decisions or recommendations, that are different than
other areas of the Investment Adviser and Goldman Sachs. Different portfolio management teams within the Investment Adviser may make decisions based on information or take (or refrain from taking) actions with respect to Accounts they advise in a
manner that may be different than or adverse to the Funds. Such teams may not share information with the Funds portfolio management teams, including as a result of certain information barriers and other policies, and will not have any
obligation or other duty to do so.
Goldman Sachs operates a business known as Goldman Sachs Securities Services (GSS), which
provides prime brokerage, administrative and other services to clients which may involve investment funds (including pooled investment vehicles and private funds) in which one or more Accounts invest (Underlying Funds) or markets and
securities in which Accounts invest. GSS and other parts of Goldman Sachs have broad access to information regarding the current status of certain markets, investments and funds and detailed information about fund operators that is not available to
the Investment Adviser. In addition, Goldman Sachs may act as a prime broker to one or more Underlying Funds, in which case Goldman Sachs will have information concerning the investments and transactions of such Underlying Funds that is not
available to the Investment Adviser. As a result of these and other activities, parts of Goldman Sachs may be in possession of information in respect of
B-47
markets, investments, investment advisers that are affiliated or unaffiliated with Goldman Sachs and Underlying Funds, which, if known to the Investment Adviser, might cause the Investment
Adviser to seek to dispose of, retain or increase interests in investments held by Accounts or acquire certain positions on behalf of Accounts, or take other actions. Goldman Sachs will be under no obligation or other duty to make any such
information available to the Investment Adviser or personnel involved in decision-making for Accounts (including the Funds).
Valuation of the Funds Investments
The Investment Adviser, while not the primary valuation agent of the Funds, performs certain valuation services related to securities and
assets held in the Funds. The Investment Adviser performs such valuation services in accordance with its valuation policies. The Investment Adviser may value an identical asset differently than another division or unit within Goldman Sachs values
the asset, including because such other division or unit has information or uses valuation techniques and models that it does not share with, or that are different than those of, the Investment Adviser. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. The Investment Adviser may also value an identical asset differently in different Accounts, including because different Accounts are subject to
different valuation guidelines pursuant to their respective governing agreements (e.g., in connection with certain regulatory restrictions applicable to different Accounts), different third -party vendors are hired to perform valuation
functions for the Accounts, the Accounts are managed or advised by different portfolio management teams within the Investment Adviser that employ different valuation policies or procedures, or otherwise. The Investment Adviser will face a conflict
with respect to valuations generally because of their effect on the Investment Advisers fees and other compensation. Furthermore, the application of particular valuation policies with respect to the Funds may result in improved performance of
the Funds or enable the Investment Adviser to more easily track the performance of an Index than might have been the case had the Investment Adviser applied different valuation policies.
Goldman Sachs and the Investment Advisers Activities on Behalf of Other Accounts
Goldman Sachs engages in a variety of activities in the global financial markets. The extent of Goldman Sachs activities in the global
financial markets, including without limitation in its capacity as an investment banker, research provider, investment adviser, financier, adviser, market maker, prime broker, derivatives dealer, lender, counterparty, agent, principal and investor,
as well as in other capacities, may have potential adverse effects on the Funds.
The Investment Adviser provides advisory services to the
Funds. The Investment Advisers decisions and actions on behalf of the Funds may differ from those on behalf of other Accounts. Advice given to, or investment or voting decisions made for, one or more Accounts may compete with, affect, differ
from, conflict with, or involve timing different from, advice given to or investment decisions made for the Funds. Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), the clients it advises, and its personnel have interests in and advise Accounts that
have investment objectives or portfolios similar to, related to or opposed to those of the Funds. Goldman Sachs may receive greater fees or other compensation (including performance-based fees) from such Accounts than it does from the Funds. In
addition, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), the clients it advises, and its personnel may engage (or consider engaging) in commercial arrangements or transactions with Accounts, and/or may compete for commercial arrangements or
transactions in the same types of companies, assets securities and other instruments, as the Funds. Decisions and actions of the Investment Adviser on behalf of the Funds may differ from those by Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) on
behalf of other Accounts, including Accounts sponsored, managed or advised by the Investment Adviser. Advice given to, or investment or voting decisions made for, the Funds may compete with, affect, differ from, conflict with, or involve timing
different from, advice given to, or investment or voting decisions made for, other Accounts, including Accounts sponsored, managed or advised by the Investment Adviser. Additionally, as described below, the Investment Adviser faces conflicts of
interest arising out of Goldman Sachs relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain from taking certain actions on behalf of Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs relationships or
other business dealings with such parties.
Transactions by, advice to and activities of Accounts (including with respect to investment
decisions, voting and the enforcement of rights) may involve the same or related companies, securities or other assets or instruments as those in which the Funds invest, and such Accounts may engage in a strategy while a Fund is undertaking the same
or a differing strategy, any of which could directly or indirectly disadvantage the Fund (including its ability to engage in a transaction or other activities) or the prices or terms at which the Funds transactions or other activities may be
effected.
For example, Goldman Sachs may be engaged to provide advice to an Account that is considering entering into a transaction with
a Fund, and Goldman Sachs may advise the Account not to pursue the transaction with the Fund, or otherwise in connection with a potential transaction provide advice to the Account that would be adverse to the Fund. Additionally, a Fund may buy a
security and an Account may establish a short position in that same security or in similar securities. This short position may result in the impairment of the price of the security that the Fund holds or may be designed to profit from a decline in
the
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price of the security. A Fund could similarly be adversely impacted if it establishes a short position, following which an Account takes a long position in the same security or in similar
securities. In addition, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may make filings in connection with a shareholder class action lawsuit or similar matter involving a particular security on behalf of an Account (including a Fund), but not on
behalf of a different Account (including a Fund) that holds or held the same security, or that is invested in or has extended credit to different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer.
To the extent a Fund engages in transactions in the same or similar types of securities or other investments as other Accounts, the Fund and
other Accounts may compete for such transactions or investments, and transactions or investments by such other Accounts may negatively affect the transactions of the Fund (including the ability of the Fund to engage in such a transaction or
investment or other activities), or the price or terms at which the Funds transactions or investments or other activities may be effected. In some cases, such adverse impacts may result from differences in the timing of transactions by
Accounts relative to when a Fund executes transactions in the same securities. Moreover, a Fund, on the one hand, and Goldman Sachs or other Accounts, on the other hand, may vote differently on or take or refrain from taking different actions with
respect to the same security, which may be disadvantageous to the Fund. Accounts may also have different rights in respect of an investment with the same issuer, or invest in different classes of the same issuer that have different rights,
including, without limitation, with respect to liquidity. The determination to exercise such rights by the Investment Adviser on behalf of such other Accounts may have an adverse effect on the Funds.
Goldman Sachs (including, as applicable, the Investment Adviser) and its personnel, when acting as an investment banker, research provider,
investment adviser, financier, adviser, market maker, prime broker, derivatives dealer, lender, counterparty or investor, or in other capacities, may advise on transactions, make investment decisions or recommendations, provide differing investment
views or have views with respect to research or valuations that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the interests and activities of the Funds. Shareholders may be offered access to advisory services through several different Goldman Sachs advisory
businesses (including Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC and the Investment Adviser). Different advisory businesses within Goldman Sachs manage Accounts according to different strategies and may also apply different criteria to the same or similar
strategies and may have differing investment views in respect of an issuer or a security or other investment. Similarly, within the Investment Adviser, certain investment teams or portfolio managers may have differing or opposite investment views in
respect of an issuer or a security, and the positions a Funds investment team or portfolio managers take in respect of the Fund may be inconsistent with, or adversely affected by, the interests and activities of the Accounts advised by other
investment teams or portfolio managers of the Investment Adviser. Research, analyses or viewpoints may be available to clients or potential clients at different times. Goldman Sachs will not have any obligation or other duty to make available to the
Funds any research or analysis prior to its public dissemination. The Investment Adviser is responsible for making investment decisions on behalf of the Funds, and such investment decisions can differ from investment decisions or recommendations by
Goldman Sachs on behalf of other Accounts. Goldman Sachs, on behalf of one or more Accounts, may implement an investment decision or strategy ahead of, or contemporaneously with, or behind similar investment decisions or strategies made for the
Funds (whether or not the investment decisions emanate from the same research analysis or other information). The relative timing for the implementation of investment decisions or strategies for Accounts (including Accounts sponsored, managed or
advised by the Investment Adviser), on the one hand, and the Funds, on the other hand, may disadvantage the Funds. Certain factors, for example, market impact, liquidity constraints, or other circumstances, could result in the Funds receiving less
favorable investment or trading results or incurring increased costs associated with implementing such investment decisions or strategies, or being otherwise disadvantaged.
Subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may cause the Funds to invest in securities, bank loans or other obligations of companies
affiliated with or advised by Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs or Accounts have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment transactions that may result in other Accounts being relieved of obligations or otherwise divested
of investments, which may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs or other Accounts investment in and activities with respect to such companies. Goldman Sachs may, in its discretion, recommend that the Funds have ongoing business
dealings, arrangements or agreements with persons who are (i) former employees of Goldman Sachs, (ii) affiliates or other portfolio companies of Goldman Sachs or other Accounts, (iii) Goldman Sachs employees family members
and/or relatives and/or certain of their portfolio companies or (iv) persons otherwise associated with an investor in an Account or a portfolio company or service provider of Goldman Sachs or an Account. The Funds may bear, directly or
indirectly, the costs of such dealings, arrangements or agreements. These recommendations, and recommendations relating to continuing any such dealings, arrangements or agreements, may pose conflicts of interest and may be based on differing
incentives due to Goldman Sachs relationships with such persons. In particular, when acting on behalf of, and making decisions for, Accounts, the Investment Adviser may take into account Goldman Sachs interests in maintaining its
relationships and business dealings with such persons. As a result, the Investment Adviser faces conflicts of interest arising out of Goldman Sachs relationships and business dealings in connection with decisions to take or refrain from taking
certain actions on behalf of Accounts when doing so would be adverse to Goldman Sachs relationships or other business dealings with such parties.
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When the Investment Adviser wishes to place an order for different types of Accounts (including
the Funds) for which aggregation is not practicable, the Investment Adviser may use a trade sequencing and rotation policy to determine which type of Account is to be traded first. Under this policy, each portfolio management team may determine the
length of its trade rotation period and the sequencing schedule for different categories of clients within this period provided that the trading periods and these sequencing schedules are designed to be fair and equitable over time. The portfolio
management teams currently base their trading periods and rotation schedules on the relative amounts of assets managed for different client categories (e.g., unconstrained client accounts, wrap program accounts, etc.) and, as a
result, the Funds may trade behind other Accounts. Within a given trading period, the sequencing schedule establishes when and how frequently a given client category will trade first in the order of rotation. The Investment Adviser may deviate from
the predetermined sequencing schedule under certain circumstances, and the Investment Advisers trade sequencing and rotation policy may be amended, modified or supplemented at any time without prior notice to clients.
Potential Conflicts Relating to Follow-On Investments
From time to time, the Investment Adviser may provide opportunities to Accounts (including potentially the Funds) to make investments in
companies in which certain Accounts have already invested. Such follow-on investments can create conflicts of interest, such as the determination of the terms of the new investment and the allocation of such
opportunities among Accounts (including the Funds). Follow-on investment opportunities may be available to the Funds notwithstanding that the Funds have no existing investment in the issuer, resulting in the
assets of the Funds potentially providing value to, or otherwise supporting the investments of, other Accounts. Accounts (including the Funds) may also participate in releveraging, recapitalization, and similar transactions involving companies in
which other Accounts have invested or will invest. Conflicts of interest in these and other transactions may arise between Accounts (including the Funds) with existing investments in a company and Accounts making subsequent investments in the
company, which may have opposing interests regarding pricing and other terms. The subsequent investments may dilute or otherwise adversely affect the interests of the previously-invested Accounts (including the Funds).
Diverse Interests of Shareholders
The various types of investors in and beneficiaries of the Funds, including to the extent applicable the Investment Adviser and its affiliates,
may have conflicting investment, tax and other interests with respect to their interests in the Funds. When considering a potential investment for a Fund, the Investment Adviser will generally consider the investment objectives of the Fund, not the
investment objectives of any particular investor or beneficiary. The Investment Adviser may make decisions, including with respect to tax matters, from time to time that may be more beneficial to one type of investor or beneficiary than another, or
to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates than to investors or beneficiaries unaffiliated with the Investment Adviser. In addition, Goldman Sachs may face certain tax risks based on positions taken by the Funds, including as a withholding agent.
Goldman Sachs reserves the right on behalf of itself and its affiliates to take actions adverse to the Funds or other Accounts in these circumstances, including withholding amounts to cover actual or potential tax liabilities.
Selection of Service Providers
The Funds expect to engage service providers (including attorneys and consultants) that may also provide services to Goldman Sachs and other
Accounts. In addition, certain service providers to the Investment Adviser or Funds may also be portfolio companies or other affiliates of the Investment Adviser or Accounts (for example, a portfolio company of an Account may retain a portfolio
company of another Account). To the extent it is involved in such selection, the Investment Adviser intends to select these service providers based on a number of factors, including expertise and experience, knowledge of related or similar products,
quality of service, reputation in the marketplace, relationships with the Investment Adviser, Goldman Sachs or others, and price. These service providers may have business, financial, or other relationships with Goldman Sachs (including its
personnel), which may influence the Investment Advisers selection of these service providers for the Funds. In such circumstances, there may be a conflict of interest between Goldman Sachs (acting on behalf of the Funds) and the Funds or
between Funds if the Funds determine not to engage or continue to engage these service providers.
The Investment Adviser may, in its sole
discretion, determine to provide, or engage or recommend an affiliate of the Investment Adviser to provide, certain services to the Funds, instead of engaging or recommending one or more third parties to provide such services. Subject to the
governance requirements of a particular Fund and applicable law, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, as applicable, will receive compensation in connection with the provision of such services. As a result, the Investment Adviser faces a
conflict of interest when selecting service providers for the Funds. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
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the selection of service providers for the Funds will be conducted in accordance with the Investment Advisers fiduciary obligations to the Funds. The service providers selected by the
Investment Adviser may charge different rates to different recipients based on the specific services provided, the personnel providing the services, the complexity of the services provided or other factors. As a result, the rates paid with respect
to these service providers by a Fund, on the one hand, may be more or less favorable than the rates paid by Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, on the other hand. In addition, the rates paid by the Investment Adviser or the Funds, on
the one hand, may be more or less favorable than the rates paid by other parts of Goldman Sachs or Accounts managed by other parts of Goldman Sachs, on the other hand. Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), its personnel, and/or Accounts
may hold investments in companies that provide services to entities in which the Funds invest generally, and, subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may refer or introduce such companies services to entities that have issued
securities held by the Funds.
Investments in Goldman Sachs Funds
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Funds may invest in money market and other funds sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs.
In connection with any such investments, a Fund, to the extent permitted by the Act, will pay all advisory, administrative or Rule 12b-1 fees applicable to the investment, and certain Funds that invest in
other funds sponsored, managed or advised by Goldman Sachs pay advisory fees to the Investment Adviser that are not reduced by any fees payable by such other funds to Goldman Sachs as manager of such other funds (i.e., there will be double
fees involved in making any such investment, which would not arise in connection with the direct allocation of assets by investors in the Funds to such other funds), other than in certain specified cases, including as may be required by
applicable law. In such circumstances, as well as in all other circumstances in which Goldman Sachs receives any fees or other compensation in any form relating to the provision of services, no accounting or repayment to the Funds will be required.
Goldman Sachs May In-Source or Outsource
Subject to applicable law, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, may from time to time and without notice to investors in-source or outsource certain processes or functions in connection with a variety of services that it provides to the Funds in its administrative or other capacities. Such
in-sourcing or outsourcing may give rise to additional conflicts of interest.
Distributions
of Assets Other Than Cash
With respect to redemptions from the Funds, the Funds may, in certain circumstances, have discretion to
decide whether to permit or limit redemptions and whether to make distributions in connection with redemptions in the form of securities or other assets, and in such case, the composition of such distributions. In making such decisions, the
Investment Adviser may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities to redeeming investors and remaining investors.
Goldman Sachs May Act in a Capacity Other Than Investment Adviser to the Funds
Investments in Different Parts of an Issuers Capital Structure
Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or Accounts, on the one hand, and the Funds, on the other hand, may invest in or extend credit
to different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer. As a result, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or Accounts may take actions that adversely affect the Funds. In addition, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser)
may advise Accounts with respect to different parts of the capital structure of the same issuer, or classes of securities that are subordinate or senior to securities, in which the Funds invest. Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may
pursue rights, provide advice or engage in other activities, or refrain from pursuing rights, providing advice or engaging in other activities, on behalf of itself or other Accounts with respect to an issuer in which the Funds have invested, and
such actions (or refraining from action) may have a material adverse effect on the Funds.
For example, in the event that Goldman Sachs
(including the Investment Adviser) or an Account holds loans, securities or other positions in the capital structure of an issuer that ranks senior in preference to the holdings of a Fund in the same issuer, and the issuer experiences financial or
operational challenges, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser), acting on behalf of itself or the Account, may seek a liquidation, reorganization or restructuring of the issuer, or terms in connection with the foregoing, that may have an
adverse effect on or otherwise conflict with the interests of the Funds holdings in the issuer. In connection with any such liquidation, reorganization or restructuring, the Funds holdings in the issuer may be extinguished or
substantially diluted, while Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or another Account may receive a recovery of some or all of the amounts due to them. In addition, in connection with any lending arrangements involving the issuer in which
Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or an Account participates, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or the Account may seek to exercise its rights under the applicable loan agreement or other document, which may be
detrimental to the Fund. In situations in which Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) holds positions in multiple parts of the capital structure of an issuer across Accounts (including the Funds), the Investment Adviser may not pursue
actions or remedies that may be available to the Fund, as a result of legal and regulatory requirements or otherwise.
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These potential issues are examples of conflicts that Goldman Sachs (including the Investment
Adviser) will face in situations in which the Funds, and Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) or other Accounts, invest in or extend credit to different parts of the capital structure of a single issuer. Goldman Sachs (including the
Investment Adviser) addresses these issues based on the circumstances of particular situations. For example, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may determine to rely on information barriers between different Goldman Sachs (including
the Investment Adviser) business units or portfolio management teams. Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may determine to rely on the actions of similarly situated holders of loans or securities rather than, or in connection with,
taking such actions itself on behalf of the Funds.
As a result of the various conflicts and related issues described above and the fact
that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the interests of the Funds, the Funds could sustain losses during periods in which Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) and other Accounts (including Accounts sponsored, managed
or advised by the Investment Adviser) achieve profits generally or with respect to particular holdings in the same issuer, or could achieve lower profits or higher losses than would have been the case had the conflicts described above not existed.
The negative effects described above may be more pronounced in connection with transactions in, or the Funds use of, small capitalization, emerging market, distressed or less liquid strategies.
Principal and Cross Transactions
When permitted by applicable law and the Investment Advisers policies, the Investment Adviser, acting on behalf of the Funds, may enter
into transactions in securities and other instruments with or through Goldman Sachs or in Accounts managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, and may (but is under no obligation or other duty to) cause the Funds
to engage in transactions in which the Investment Adviser acts as principal on its own behalf (principal transactions), advises both sides of a transaction (cross transactions) and acts as broker for, and receives a commission from, the Funds on one
side of a transaction and a brokerage account on the other side of the transaction (agency cross transactions). There may be potential conflicts of interest, regulatory issues or restrictions contained in the Investment Advisers internal
policies relating to these transactions which could limit the Investment Advisers determination to engage in these transactions for Accounts (including the Funds). In certain circumstances such as when Goldman Sachs is the only or one of a few
participants in a particular market or is one of the largest such participants, such limitations may eliminate or reduce the availability of certain investment opportunities to Accounts (including the Funds) or impact the price or terms on which
transactions relating to such investment opportunities may be effected.
Goldman Sachs will have a potentially conflicting division of
loyalties and responsibilities to the parties in such transactions. The Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures in relation to such transactions and conflicts. Cross transactions may disproportionately benefit some Accounts relative
to other Accounts, including the Funds, due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the Accounts. Principal, cross or agency cross transactions will be effected in accordance with fiduciary requirements and applicable law (which may
include disclosure and consent).
Goldman Sachs May Act in Multiple Commercial Capacities
To the extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs may act as broker, dealer, agent, counterparty, lender or advisor or in other
commercial capacities for the Funds or issuers of securities held by the Funds, including issuers whose securities are components of one or more indices, such as the Indexes, that are created and operated by Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs may be
entitled to compensation in connection with the provision of such services and the operation of the Indexes that are tracked by the Funds, and the Funds will not be entitled to any such compensation. Goldman Sachs will have an interest in obtaining
fees and other compensation in connection with such services that are favorable to Goldman Sachs, and in connection with providing such services may take commercial steps in its own interest, or may advise the parties to which it is providing
services, or take other actions, any of which may have an adverse effect on the Funds. For example, Goldman Sachs may require repayment of all or part of a loan from a company in which an Account (including a Fund) holds an interest, which could
cause the company to default or be required to liquidate its assets more rapidly, which could adversely affect the value of the company and the value of the Funds invested therein. Goldman Sachs may also advise such a company to make changes to its
capital structure the result of which would be a reduction in the value or priority of a security held (directly or indirectly) by one or more Funds. Actions taken or advised to be taken by Goldman Sachs in connection with other types of
transactions may also result in adverse consequences for the Funds. Goldman Sachs may also provide various services to companies in which the Funds have an interest, or to the Funds, which may result in fees, compensation and remuneration as well as
other benefits, to Goldman Sachs. Such fees, compensation and remuneration may be substantial. Providing services to the Funds and companies (or their personnel) in which the Funds invest may enhance Goldman Sachs relationships with various
parties, facilitate additional business development and enable Goldman Sachs to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.
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Goldman Sachs activities on behalf of its clients may also restrict investment
opportunities that may be available to the Funds. For example, Goldman Sachs is often engaged by companies as a financial advisor, or to provide financing or other services, in connection with commercial transactions that may be potential investment
opportunities for the Funds. There may be circumstances in which the Funds are precluded from participating in such transactions as a result of Goldman Sachs engagement by such companies. Goldman Sachs reserves the right to act for these
companies in such circumstances, notwithstanding the potential adverse effect on the Funds. Goldman Sachs may also represent creditor or debtor companies in proceedings under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (and equivalent non-U.S. bankruptcy laws) or prior to these filings. From time to time, Goldman Sachs may serve on creditor or equity committees. These actions, for which Goldman Sachs may be compensated, may limit or preclude the
flexibility that the Funds may otherwise have to buy or sell securities issued by those companies, as well as certain other assets. Please also see Management of the Funds by the Investment AdviserConsiderations Relating to
Information Held by Goldman Sachs above and Potential Limitations and Restrictions on Investment Opportunities and Activities of Goldman Sachs and the Funds below.
Subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may cause the Funds to invest in securities, bank loans or other obligations of companies
affiliated with or advised by Goldman Sachs or in which Goldman Sachs or Accounts have an equity, debt or other interest, or to engage in investment transactions that may result in Goldman Sachs or other Accounts being relieved of obligations or
otherwise divested of investments. For example, subject to applicable law a Fund may acquire securities or indebtedness of a company affiliated with Goldman Sachs directly or indirectly through syndicate or secondary market purchases, or may make a
loan to, or purchase securities from, a company that uses the proceeds to repay loans made by Goldman Sachs. These activities by a Fund may enhance the profitability of Goldman Sachs or other Accounts with respect to their investment in and
activities relating to such companies. The Fund will not be entitled to compensation as a result of this enhanced profitability.
To the
extent permitted by applicable law, Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser) may create, write, sell, issue, invest in or act as placement agent or distributor of derivative instruments related to the Funds, or with respect to underlying
securities or assets of the Funds, or which may be otherwise based on or seek to replicate or hedge the performance of the Funds. Such derivative transactions, and any associated hedging activity, may differ from and be adverse to the interests of
the Funds.
Goldman Sachs may make loans to, or enter into margin, asset-based or other credit facilities or similar transactions with,
clients, companies or individuals that may (or may not) be secured by publicly or privately held securities or other assets, including a clients Fund shares as described above. Some of these borrowers may be public or private companies, or
founders, officers or shareholders in companies in which the Funds (directly or indirectly) invest, and such loans may be secured by securities of such companies, which may be the same as, pari passu with, or more senior or
junior to, interests held (directly or indirectly) by the Funds. In connection with its rights as lender, Goldman Sachs may act to protect its own commercial interest and may take actions that adversely affect the borrower, including by liquidating
or causing the liquidation of securities on behalf of a borrower or foreclosing and liquidating such securities in Goldman Sachs own name. Such actions may adversely affect the Funds (e.g., if a large position in a security is
liquidated, among the other potential adverse consequences, the value of such security may decline rapidly and the Funds may in turn decline in value or may be unable to liquidate their positions in such security at an advantageous price or at all).
In addition, Goldman Sachs may make loans to shareholders or enter into similar transactions that are secured by a pledge of, or mortgage over, a shareholders Fund shares, which would provide Goldman Sachs with the right to redeem such Fund
shares in the event that such shareholder defaults on its obligations. These transactions and related redemptions may be significant and may be made without notice to the shareholders.
Code of Ethics and Personal Trading
Each of the Funds and Goldman Sachs, as each Funds Investment Adviser and Distributor, has adopted a Code of Ethics (the Code of
Ethics) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the Act designed to provide that personnel of the Investment Adviser, and certain additional Goldman Sachs personnel who support the Investment Adviser, comply with applicable federal securities
laws and place the interests of clients first in conducting personal securities transactions. The Code of Ethics imposes certain restrictions on securities transactions in the personal accounts of covered persons to help avoid conflicts of interest.
Subject to the limitations of the Code of Ethics, covered persons may buy and sell securities or other investments for their personal accounts, including investments in the Funds, and may also take positions that are the same as, different from, or
made at different times than, positions taken (directly or indirectly) by the Funds. The Codes of Ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SECs Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies may also be obtained after paying a
duplicating fee by electronic request to publicinfo@sec.gov. Additionally, all Goldman Sachs personnel, including personnel of the Investment Adviser, are subject to firm-wide policies and procedures regarding confidential and proprietary
information, information barriers, private investments, outside business activities and personal trading.
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Proxy Voting by the Investment Adviser
The Investment Adviser has implemented processes designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing proxy voting decisions that it
makes on behalf of advisory clients, including the Funds, and to help ensure that such decisions are made in accordance with its fiduciary obligations to its clients. Notwithstanding such proxy voting processes, proxy voting decisions made by the
Investment Adviser in respect of securities held by the Funds may benefit the interests of Goldman Sachs and/or Accounts other than the Funds. For a more detailed discussion of these policies and procedures, see the section of this SAI entitled
PROXY VOTING.
Potential Limitations and Restrictions on Investment Opportunities and Activities of Goldman Sachs and the Funds
The Investment Adviser may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of the Funds in various circumstances,
including as a result of applicable regulatory requirements, information held by the Investment Adviser or Goldman Sachs, Goldman Sachs roles in connection with other clients and in the capital markets (including in connection with advice it
may give to such clients or commercial arrangements or transactions that may be undertaken by such clients or by Goldman Sachs), Goldman Sachs internal policies and/or potential reputational risk in connection with Accounts (including the
Funds). The Investment Adviser might not engage in transactions or other activities for, or enforce certain rights in favor of, one or more Funds due to Goldman Sachs activities outside the Funds (e.g., the Investment Adviser may
refrain from making investments for the Funds that would cause Goldman Sachs to exceed position limits or cause Goldman Sachs to have additional disclosure obligations and may limit purchases or sales of securities in respect of which Goldman Sachs
is engaged in an underwriting or other distribution) and regulatory requirements, policies and reputational risk assessments.
In
addition, the Investment Adviser may restrict, limit or reduce the amount of a Funds investment, or restrict the type of governance or voting rights it acquires or exercises, where the Fund (potentially together with Goldman Sachs and other
Accounts) exceeds a certain ownership interest, or possesses certain degrees of voting or control or has other interests. For example, such limitations may exist if a position or transaction could require a filing or license or other regulatory or
corporate consent, which could, among other things, result in additional costs and disclosure obligations for, or impose regulatory restrictions on, Goldman Sachs, including the Investment Adviser, or on other Accounts, or where exceeding a
threshold is prohibited or may result in regulatory or other restrictions. In certain cases, restrictions and limitations will be applied to avoid approaching such threshold. Circumstances in which such restrictions or limitations may arise include,
without limitation: (i) a prohibition against owning more than a certain percentage of an issuers securities; (ii) a poison pill that could have a dilutive impact on the holdings of the Fund should a threshold be
exceeded; (iii) provisions that would cause Goldman Sachs to be considered an interested stockholder of an issuer; (iv) provisions that may cause Goldman Sachs to be considered an affiliate or control
person of the issuer; and (v) the imposition by an issuer (through charter amendment, contract or otherwise) or governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory organization (through law, rule, regulation, interpretation or other guidance) of
other restrictions or limitations.
When faced with the foregoing limitations, Goldman Sachs may avoid exceeding the threshold because
exceeding the threshold could have an adverse impact on the ability of the Investment Adviser or Goldman Sachs to conduct its business activities. The Investment Adviser may also reduce a Funds interest in, or restrict a Fund from
participating in, an investment opportunity that has limited availability or where Goldman Sachs has determined to cap its aggregate investment in consideration of certain regulatory or other requirements so that other Accounts that pursue similar
investment strategies may be able to acquire an interest in the investment opportunity. The Investment Adviser may determine not to engage in certain transactions or activities which may be beneficial to the Funds because engaging in such
transactions or activities in compliance with applicable law would result in significant cost to, or administrative burden on, the Investment Adviser or create the potential risk of trade or other errors.
The Investment Adviser generally is not permitted to use material non-public information in effecting
purchases and sales in transactions for the Funds that involve public securities. The Investment Adviser may limit an activity or transaction (such as a purchase or sale transaction) which might otherwise be engaged in by the Funds, including as a
result of information held by Goldman Sachs (including the Investment Adviser or its personnel). For example, directors, officers and employees of Goldman Sachs may take seats on the boards of directors of, or have board of directors observer rights
with respect to, companies in which Goldman Sachs invests on behalf of the Funds. To the extent a director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs were to take a seat on the board of directors of, or have board of directors observer rights with
respect to, a public company, the Investment Adviser (or certain of its investment teams) may be limited and/or restricted in its or their ability to trade in the
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securities of the company. In addition, any such director, officer or employee of Goldman Sachs that is a member of the board of directors of a portfolio company may have duties in his or her
capacity as a director that conflict with the Investment Advisers duties to Accounts, and may act in a manner that may disadvantage or otherwise harm a Fund and/or Goldman Sachs.
Different areas of Goldman Sachs may come into possession of material non-public information regarding
an issuer of securities held by an Underlying Fund in which an Account invests. In the absence of information barriers between such different areas of Goldman Sachs, the Account may be prohibited, including by internal policies, from redeeming from
such Underlying Fund during the period such material non-public information is held by such other part of Goldman Sachs, which period may be substantial. As a result, the Account may not be permitted to redeem
from an Underlying Fund in whole or in part during periods when it otherwise would have been able to do so, which could adversely affect the Account. Other investors in the Underlying Fund that are not subject to such restrictions may be able to
redeem from the Underlying Fund during such periods.
In addition, the Investment Advisers clients may partially or fully fund a new
Account with in-kind securities in which the Investment Adviser may be restricted. In such circumstances, the Investment Adviser may sell any such securities at the next available trading window, subject to
operational and technological limitations (unless such securities are subject to another express arrangement). As a result, such Accounts may be required to dispose of investments at an earlier or later date and/or at a less favorable price than
would otherwise have been the case had the Investment Adviser not been so restricted. Accounts will be responsible for all tax liabilities that result from any such sale transactions.
The Investment Adviser operates a program reasonably designed to ensure compliance generally with economic and trade sanctions-related
obligations applicable directly to its activities (although such obligations are not necessarily the same obligations that the Funds may be subject to). Such economic and trade sanctions may prohibit, among other things, transactions with and the
provision of services to, directly or indirectly, certain countries, territories, entities and individuals. These economic and trade sanctions, and the application by the Investment Adviser of its compliance program in respect thereof, may restrict
or limit the Funds investment activities.
The Investment Adviser may determine to limit or not engage at all in transactions and
activities on behalf of the Funds for reputational or other reasons. Examples of when such determinations may be made include, but are not limited to, where Goldman Sachs is providing (or may provide) advice or services to an entity involved in such
activity or transaction, where Goldman Sachs or an Account is or may be engaged in the same or a related activity or transaction to that being considered on behalf of the Funds, where Goldman Sachs or an Account has an interest in an entity involved
in such activity or transaction, where there are political, public relations, or other reputational considerations relating to counterparties or other participants in such activity or transaction or where such activity or transaction on behalf of or
in respect of the Funds could affect in tangible or intangible ways Goldman Sachs, the Investment Adviser, an Account or their activities.
In order to engage in certain transactions on behalf of a Fund, the Investment Adviser will also be subject to (or cause the Fund to become
subject to) the rules, terms and/or conditions of any venues through which it trades securities, derivatives or other instruments. This includes, but is not limited to, where the Investment Adviser and/or the Fund may be required to comply with the
rules of certain exchanges, execution platforms, trading facilities, clearinghouses and other venues, or may be required to consent to the jurisdiction of any such venues. The rules, terms and/or conditions of any such venue may result in the
Investment Adviser and/or the Fund being subject to, among other things, margin requirements, additional fees and other charges, disciplinary procedures, reporting and recordkeeping, position limits and other restrictions on trading, settlement
risks and other related conditions on trading set out by such venues.
From time to time, a Fund, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates
and/or their service providers or agents may be required, or may determine that it is advisable, to disclose certain information about the Fund, including, but not limited to, investments held by the Fund, and the names and percentage interest of
beneficial owners thereof (and the underlying beneficial owners of such beneficial owners), to third parties, including local governmental authorities, regulatory organizations, taxing authorities, markets, exchanges, clearing facilities,
custodians, brokers and trading counterparties of, or service providers to, the Investment Adviser or the Fund. The Investment Adviser generally expects to comply with requests to disclose such information as it so determines including through
electronic delivery platforms; however, the Investment Adviser may determine to cause the sale of certain assets for the Fund rather than make certain required disclosures, and such sale may be at a time that is inopportune from a pricing or other
standpoint. In addition, the Investment Adviser may provide third parties with aggregated data regarding the activities of, or certain performance or other metrics associated with the Accounts, and the Investment Adviser may receive compensation
from such third parties for providing them such information.
B-55
Goldman Sachs may become subject to additional restrictions on its business activities that could
have an impact on the Funds activities. In addition, the Investment Adviser may restrict its investment decisions and activities on behalf of the Funds and not other Accounts, including Accounts sponsored, managed or advised by the Investment
Adviser.
Brokerage Transactions
The Investment Adviser often selects U.S. and non-U.S. broker-dealers (including affiliates of the
Investment Adviser) that furnish the Investment Adviser, the Funds, Investment Adviser affiliates and other Goldman Sachs personnel with proprietary or third party brokerage and research services (collectively, brokerage and research
services) that provide, in the Investment Advisers view, appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the investment decision-making process. These brokerage and research services may be bundled with the trade execution, clearing
or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer and, subject to applicable law, the Investment Adviser may pay for such brokerage and research services with client commissions (or soft dollars). There may be instances or
situations in which such practices are subject to restrictions under applicable law. For example, the EUs Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) restricts EU domiciled investment advisers from receiving research
and other materials that do not qualify as acceptable minor non-monetary benefits from broker-dealers unless the research or materials are paid for by the investment advisers from their own
resources or from research payment accounts funded by and with the agreement of their clients.
Accounts may differ with regard to whether
and to what extent they pay for brokerage and research services through commissions and, subject to applicable law, brokerage and research services may be used to service the Funds and any or all other Accounts throughout the Investment Adviser,
including Accounts that do not pay commissions to the broker-dealer relating to the brokerage and research service arrangements. As a result, brokerage and research services (including soft dollar benefits) may disproportionately benefit other
Accounts relative to the Funds based on the relative amount of commissions paid by the Funds and in particular those Accounts that do not pay for brokerage and research services or do so to a lesser extent, including in connection with the
establishment of maximum budgets for research costs (and switching to execution-only pricing when maximums are met). The Investment Adviser does not attempt to allocate soft dollar benefits proportionately among clients or to track the benefits of
brokerage and research services to the commissions associated with a particular Account or group of Accounts.
Aggregation of Orders by the
Investment Adviser
The Investment Adviser follows policies and procedures pursuant to which it may (but is not required to)
combine or aggregate purchase or sale orders for the same security or other instrument for multiple Accounts (including Accounts in which Goldman Sachs or personnel of Goldman Sachs have an interest) (sometimes referred to as bunching),
so that the orders can be executed at the same time and block trade treatment of any such orders can be elected when available. The Investment Adviser aggregates orders when the Investment Adviser considers doing so to be operationally feasible and
appropriate and in the interests of its clients and may elect block trade treatment when available. In addition, under certain circumstances orders for the Funds may be aggregated with orders for Accounts that contain Goldman Sachs assets.
When a bunched order or block trade is completely filled, or if the order is only partially filled, at the end of the day, the Investment
Adviser generally will allocate the securities or other instruments purchased or the proceeds of any sale pro rata among the participating Accounts, based on the Funds relative sizes. If an order is filled at several different prices, through
multiple trades (whether at a particular broker-dealer or among multiple broker-dealers), generally all participating Accounts will receive the average price and pay the average commission, however, this may not always be the case (due to,
e.g., odd lots, rounding, market practice or constraints applicable to particular Accounts).
Although it may do so in certain
circumstances, the Investment Adviser does not always bunch or aggregate orders for different Funds, elect block trade treatment or net buy and sell orders for the same Fund, if portfolio management decisions relating to the orders are made by
different portfolio management teams or if different portfolio management processes are used for different account types, if bunching, aggregating, electing block trade treatment or netting is not appropriate or practicable from the Investment
Advisers operational or other perspective, or if doing so would not be appropriate in light of applicable regulatory considerations. For example, time zone differences, trading instructions, cash flows, separate trading desks or portfolio
management processes may, among other factors, result in separate, non-aggregated, non-netted executions, with orders in the same instrument being entered for different
Accounts at different times or, in the case of netting, buy and sell trades for the same instrument being entered for the same Account. The Investment Adviser may be able to negotiate a better price and lower commission rate on aggregated orders
than on orders for Funds that are not aggregated, and incur lower transaction costs on netted orders than orders that are not netted. The Investment Adviser is under no obligation or other duty to aggregate or net for particular orders. Where orders
for a Fund are not aggregated with other orders, or not netted against orders for the Fund or
B-56
other Accounts, the Fund will not benefit from a better price and lower commission rate or lower transaction cost that might have been available had the orders been aggregated or netted.
Aggregation and netting of orders may disproportionately benefit some Accounts relative to other Accounts, including a Fund, due to the relative amount of market savings obtained by the Accounts. The Investment Adviser may aggregate orders of
Accounts that are subject to MiFID II (MiFID II Advisory Accounts) with orders of Accounts not subject to MiFID II, including those that generate soft dollar commissions (including the Funds) and those that restrict the use of soft
dollars. All Accounts included in an aggregated order with MiFID II Advisory Accounts pay (or receive) the same average price for the security and the same execution costs (measured by rate). However, MiFID II Advisory Accounts included in an
aggregated order may pay commissions at execution-only rates below the total commission rates paid by Accounts included in the aggregated order that are not subject to MiFID II.
Affiliated Indexes
The Investment
Adviser and its affiliates may develop, own and operate stock market and other indexes (each, an Index) based on investment and trading strategies developed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates (Investment Adviser
Strategies). The Investment Adviser may in the future enter into revenue sharing arrangements with third party co-developers of an Index pursuant to which the Investment Adviser receives a portion of the
fees generated from licensing the right to use the Index or components thereof to third parties. Some of the Funds seek to track the performance of the Indexes. The Investment Adviser may, from time to time, manage Accounts that invest in the Funds.
In addition, the Investment Adviser manages Accounts which track the same Indexes used by the Funds or which are based on the same, or substantially similar, Investment Adviser Strategies that are used in the operation of the Indexes and the Funds.
The operation of the Indexes, the Funds and the Accounts in this manner may give rise to potential conflicts of interest.
For example,
Accounts that track the same Indexes used by the Funds may engage in purchases and sales of securities prior to when the Index and the Funds engage in similar transactions because such Accounts may be managed and rebalanced on an ongoing basis,
whereas the Funds portfolios are only rebalanced on a periodic basis corresponding with the rebalancing of the Index. These differences may result in the Accounts having more favorable performance relative to that of the Index and the Funds or
other Accounts that track the Index. Other potential conflicts include the potential for unauthorized access to Index information, allowing Index changes that benefit the Investment Adviser or other Accounts and not the investors in the Funds, and
the manipulation of Index pricing to present the performance of the Funds, or tracking ability, in a preferential light.
The Investment
Adviser has adopted policies and procedures that are designed to address potential conflicts that may arise in connection with the Investment Advisers operation of the Indexes, the Funds and the Accounts. The Investment Adviser has established
certain information barriers and other policies to address the sharing of information between different businesses within the Investment Adviser, including with respect to personnel responsible for maintaining the Indexes and those involved in
decision-making for the Funds. In addition, as described above in Code of Ethics and Personal Trading, the Investment Adviser has adopted a Code of Ethics.
In addition, because knowledge of the Index constituents and/or their weights in advance of public disclosure of such information may
constitute material, non-public information, Solactive AG, as calculation agent, publishes index constituent data on its website on a daily basis reflecting a hypothetical indication of the weighting and
holdings of the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® Emerging Markets Equity Index, the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® Europe Equity Index, the Goldman
Sachs ActiveBeta® International Equity Index, the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® Japan Equity Index, the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Large Cap Equity Index and the Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Small Cap Equity Index. Such information is a hypothetical indication
of what the weightings and constituents would be if each Index were rebalanced on a daily basis and may differ substantially from the constituents at the next actual rebalance. Neither the Investment Adviser nor its affiliates guarantees the
quality, accuracy and/or the completeness of this information nor any data included therein. Such hypothetical information is for informative purposes only and does not reflect the constituents of the applicable Index.
To the extent it is intended that a Fund track an Index, the Fund may not match, and may vary substantially from, the Index for any period of
time. A Fund that tracks an Index may purchase, hold and sell securities at times when a non-Index fund would not do so. The Investment Adviser does not guarantee that any tracking error targets will be
achieved. Funds tracking an Index may be negatively impacted by any errors in the Index, either as a result of calculation errors, inaccurate data sources or otherwise. The Investment Adviser does not guarantee the timeliness, accuracy and/or
completeness of an Index and the Investment Adviser is not responsible for errors, omissions or interruptions in the Index (including when the Investment Adviser or an affiliate acts as the Index provider) or the calculation thereof (including when
the Investment Adviser or an affiliate acts as the calculation agent).
B-57
CREATIONS AND REDEMPTIONS
The Trust issues and sells shares of the Fund only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at
the NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form as described in the Participant Agreement (as defined below), on any Business Day (as defined below). The following table sets forth the number of Shares of the Fund that constitute a
Creation Unit for the Fund:
|
|
|
|
|
Fund
|
|
Creation Unit Size
|
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Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol
Plus Equity ETF
|
|
|
[
|
]
|
In its discretion, the Investment Adviser reserves the right to increase or decrease the number of the
Funds Shares that constitute a Creation Unit. The Board reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of shares outstanding of the Fund, and to make a corresponding change in the number of shares constituting a
Creation Unit, in the event that the per share price in the secondary market rises (or declines) to an amount that falls outside the range deemed desirable by the Board.
A Business Day with respect to the Fund is each day the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the Exchange and the Trust are
open, including any day that the Fund is required to be open under Section 22(e) of the Act, which excludes weekends and the following holidays: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day,
Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Orders from large institutional investors who have entered into agreements with the Distributor (Authorized Participants) to create or redeem Creation Units will only be
accepted on a Business Day.
The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be
changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the NYSE is stopped at a time other than its regularly scheduled closing time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess creation and redemption transactions that were initially processed at a
NAV other than the Funds official closing NAV (as the same may be subsequently adjusted), and to recover amounts from (or distribute amounts to) Authorized Participants based on the official closing NAV. The Trust reserves the right to advance
the time by which creation and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC.
Fund Deposit
The consideration for purchase of Creation Units generally consists of Deposit Securities and the Cash Component, which will
generally correspond pro rata, to the extent practicable, to the Fund securities, or, as permitted or required by the Fund, of cash. Together, the Deposit Securities and Cash Component constitute the Fund Deposit, which represents the
minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The portfolio of securities required may, in certain limited circumstances (such as in connection with pending changes to the Funds Index), be different than the
portfolio of securities the Fund will deliver upon redemption of Fund shares.
The function of the Cash Component is to compensate for any
differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount (as defined below). The Cash Component would be an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the Deposit Amount, which is an
amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities. If the Cash Component is a positive number (the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will deliver the Cash Component. If the Cash Component is a
negative number (the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will receive the Cash Component. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon
transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant. The Cash Component may also include a Dividend Equivalent Payment, which enables the Fund to make a
complete distribution of dividends on the next dividend payment date, and is an amount equal, on a per Creation Unit basis, to the dividends on all the securities held by the Fund
with ex-dividend dates within the accumulation period for such distribution (the Accumulation Period), net of expenses and liabilities for such period, as if all of the securities had
been held by the Trust for the entire Accumulation Period. The Accumulation Period begins on the ex-dividend date for the Fund and ends on the
next ex-dividend date.
BNYM, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation
(NSCC), makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business (subject to amendments) on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the identity and the required number of each Deposit Security and the amount of
the Cash Component (or cash deposit) to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day).
B-58
The Deposit Securities and Cash Component are subject to any adjustments, as described below, in
order to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities and Cash Component is made available.
With respect to the Fund, the composition of the Deposit Securities and the amount of the Cash Component may also change in response to
adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the Index.
The Trust may require the substitution of an amount
of cash (a cash-in-lieu amount) to replace any Deposit Security of the Fund that is a non-deliverable instrument. The
amount of cash contributed will be equivalent to the price of the instrument listed as a Deposit Security. The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a
cash-in-lieu amount to be added to replace any Deposit Security that is a
to-be-announced (TBA) transaction, that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery, that may not be eligible for trading by a Participating
Party (defined below), that may not be permitted to be re-registered in the name of the Trust as a result of an in-kind creation order pursuant to local law or market
convention, or that may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process (as discussed below), or the Federal Reserve System for U.S. Treasury securities. The Trust also reserves the right to permit or require a cash-in-lieu amount where the delivery of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under the securities laws or
where the delivery of Deposit Securities from an investor to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of Deposit Securities by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws, and in certain other
situations. The Trust may permit a cash-in-lieu amount for certain reasons at the Trusts sole discretion but is not required to do so. With
respect to the Fund, the adjustments to the proportions of Deposit Securities described above will reflect changes known to the Investment Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of the Fund Deposit, in the
composition of the Index or resulting from stock splits and other corporate actions.
Procedures for Creating Creation Units
To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to create a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be: (i) a
Participating Party, i.e. a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the Clearing Process), a clearing agency that is registered with the
SEC; or (ii) a participant of DTC (DTC Participant) and must have executed an agreement with the Distributor (and accepted by the Transfer Agent), with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (Participant
Agreement) (discussed below). A Participating Party or DTC Participant who has executed a Participant Agreement is referred to as an Authorized Participant. All shares of the Fund, however created, will be entered on the records of
DTC in the name of its nominee for the account of a DTC Participant.
Except as described below, and in all cases subject to the terms of
the applicable Participant Agreement, all orders to create Creation Units of the Fund must be received by the Transfer Agent no later than the closing time of the regular trading session of the Exchange (Order Cutoff Time) (ordinarily
4:00 p.m., Eastern time) in each case on the date such order is placed for creation of Creation Units to be effected based on the NAV of shares of the Fund as next determined after receipt of an order in proper form. Orders requesting substitution
of a cash-in-lieu amount or a cash deposit (collectively, Non-Standard Orders), must be received by the
Transfer Agent no later than 3:00 p.m., Eastern time. On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal (such as the day before a holiday), the Fund requires standard orders to create Creation Units to be placed by the earlier closing time and Non-Standard Orders to create Creation Units must be received no later than one hour prior to the earlier closing time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust may, but is not required to, permit Non-Standard Orders until 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, or until the market close (in the event the Exchange closes early). The date on which an order to create Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as
discussed below) is placed is referred to as the Transmittal Date. Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant through the Transfer Agents electronic order system or by telephone or other transmission method acceptable
to the Transfer Agent and approved by the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer
Agent, Distributor or an Authorized Participant.
All investor orders to create Creation Units shall be placed with an Authorized
Participant in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, an Authorized Participant may request that an investor make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to an order (to provide for payments of cash).
Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, therefore, orders to create Creation Units of the Fund will have to be placed by the investors broker through an Authorized Participant.
In such cases, there may be additional charges to such investor. A limited number of broker-dealers are expected to execute a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants are expected to have international
capabilities.
B-59
Creation Units may be created in advance of the receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the
Fund Deposit. In such cases, the Authorized Participant will remain liable for the full deposit of the missing portion(s) of the Fund Deposit and will be required to post collateral with the Trust consisting of cash at least equal to a percentage of
the marked-to-market value of such missing portion(s) that is specified in the Participant Agreement. The Trust may use such collateral to buy the missing portion(s) of
the Fund Deposit at any time and will subject such Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Trust of purchasing such securities and the value of such collateral. The Trust will have no liability for any such
shortfall. The Trust will return any unused portion of the collateral to the Authorized Participant once the entire Fund Deposit has been properly received by the Transfer Agent and deposited into the Trust.
Orders for Creation Units that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on
the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations
department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of Deposit Securities and Cash Component.
Orders to create
Creation Units of the Fund may be placed through the Clearing Process (see Placement of Creation Orders Using Clearing Process) or outside the Clearing Process (see Placement of Creation Orders Outside Clearing Process).
Placement of Creation Orders Using Clearing Process
Fund Deposits created through the Clearing Process, if available, must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a
Participant Agreement.
The Participant Agreement authorizes the Transfer Agent to transmit to NSCC on behalf of the Participating Party
such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Participating Partys creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions from the Transfer Agent to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to transfer the requisite Deposit Securities (or
contracts to purchase such Deposit Securities that are expected to be delivered in a regular way manner by the second (2nd) Business Day and the Cash Component to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by
the Transfer Agent and the Distributor as set forth in the Participant Agreement. An order to create Creation Units of the Fund through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Transfer Agent, and approved by the Distributor on the Transmittal
Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cutoff Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. All orders are subject to
acceptance by the Distributor.
Placement of Creation Orders Outside Clearing Process
Fund Deposits created outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. A DTC
Participant who wishes to place an order creating Creation Units of the Fund to be effected outside the Clearing Process need not be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and
that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of
Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Trust no later than 11:00 a.m. Eastern time, on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the
validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly
to the Transfer Agent through the Federal Reserve wire system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Transfer Agent no later than 2:00 p.m. Eastern time on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. An order to create
Creation Units of the Fund outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Transfer Agent, and approved by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Order Cutoff Time
on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. However, if the Transfer Agent does not receive both the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component in a timely
fashion on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date, such order will be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such cancelled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using the Fund Deposit as newly
constituted to reflect the current NAV of the Fund. The delivery of Creation Units so created will occur no later than the second (2nd) Business Day following the day on which the creation order is deemed received by the Transfer Agent and approved
by the Distributor.
Additional transaction fees may be imposed with respect to transactions effected outside the Clearing Process
(through a DTC participant) and in circumstances in which any cash can be used in lieu of Deposit Securities to create Creation Units. (See Creation Transaction Fee section below.)
B-60
Acceptance of Creation Orders
The Trust and the Distributor reserve the absolute right to reject or revoke acceptance of a creation order transmitted to it in respect to the
Fund, for example if: (i) the order is not in proper form in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding
Shares of the Fund; (iii) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (iv) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit
would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Investment Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners of the Fund; or (vi) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the
Transfer Agent, the Distributor or the Investment Adviser make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme
weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, facsimile and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Investment
Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, the Clearing Process, Federal Reserve, the Transfer Agent or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of
the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. Neither the Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Distributor nor the Investment Adviser are under any duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the
delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.
All questions as to
the number of shares of Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered and the amount and form of the Cash Component, as applicable, shall be determined by the Trust, and the
Trusts determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Transaction Fee
A fixed creation transaction fee payable to the Custodian is imposed on each creation transaction regardless of the number of Creation Units
purchased in the transaction, in the following amounts:
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Fund
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Creation Transaction Fee
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Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta® U.S. Low Vol
Plus Equity ETF
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$
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[
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]
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In the case of cash creations or where the Trust permits or requires a creator to substitute cash in lieu of
depositing a portion of the Deposit Securities, the creator may be assessed an additional variable charge to compensate the Fund for the costs associated with purchasing the applicable securities. (See Fund Deposit section above.) As a
result, in order to seek to replicate the in-kind creation order process, the Trust expects to purchase, in the secondary market or otherwise gain exposure to, the portfolio securities that could have been
delivered as a result of an in-kind creation order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons (Market Purchases). In such cases where the Trust makes Market Purchases, the
Authorized Participant will reimburse the Trust for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments were purchased by the Trust and the cash in lieu amount (which amount, at the
Investment Advisers discretion, may be capped), applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes. The Investment Adviser may adjust the transaction fee to the extent the composition of the creation securities changes or
cash in lieu is added to the Cash Component to protect ongoing shareholders. Creators of Creation Units are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust. See Portfolio
Transactions and Brokerage for additional information regarding certain cash creation transactions. From time to time, all or a portion of the Funds fixed creation transaction fee may be waived at the sole discretion of the Investment
Adviser, including in connection with an Authorized Participants investment of seed capital in the Fund or where an Authorized Participant is engaged in certain customized creation and redemption basket activity that is designed to benefit the
Fund by facilitating index tracking in a tax efficient manner (i.e., to minimize the realization of capital gains).
Redemption of Creation Units
Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form on a
Business Day and only through a Participating Party or DTC Participant who has executed a Participant Agreement. The Fund will not redeem Shares in amounts less than Creation Units (except the Fund may redeem Shares in amounts less than a Creation
Unit in the event the Fund is being liquidated). Beneficial owners must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no
B-61
assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Authorized Participants should expect to incur
brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit. All redemptions are subject to the procedures contained in the applicable Participant Agreement.
With respect to the Fund, BNYM, through the NSCC, makes available immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30
a.m., Eastern time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Funds securities and/or an amount of cash that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as described below)
on that day. All orders are subject to acceptance by the Distributor. The Funds securities received on redemption will generally correspond pro rata, to the extent practicable, to the Funds securities. The Funds securities received
on redemption (Fund Securities) may include securities in different proportions than securities of the Index or may include securities not currently represented in the Index. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to
Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
Unless cash only redemptions are available or specified for the
Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will generally consist of Fund Securities as announced on the Business Day of the request for a redemption order received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference
between the NAV of the Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities, less the redemption transaction fee and variable fees described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Trust will substitute a cash-in-lieu amount to replace any Fund Security that is a non-deliverable instrument.
The Trust may permit a cash-in-lieu amount for certain reasons at the Trusts sole discretion but is not required to do so. The amount of cash paid out
in such cases will be equivalent to the value of the instrument listed as a Fund Security. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be
made by an Authorized Participant.
Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable U.S. federal
and state securities laws, and the Fund reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund
Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant, or a beneficial owner of shares for which it is acting, subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the redemption of a Creation Unit may be paid an
equivalent amount of cash. This would specifically prohibit delivery of Fund Securities that are not registered in reliance upon Rule 144A under the 1933 Act to a redeeming beneficial owner of shares that is not a qualified institutional
buyer, as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming beneficial owner of the shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as
compensating cash payment.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund:
(i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists
as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities it owns or determination of the Funds NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as permitted by the SEC.
If the Trust determines, based on information available to the Trust when a redemption request is submitted by an Authorized Participant, that
(i) the short interest of the Fund in the marketplace is greater than or equal to 100% and (ii) the orders in the aggregate from all Authorized Participants redeeming Fund Shares on a Business Day represent 25% or more of the outstanding
Shares of the Fund, such Authorized Participant will be required to verify to the Trust the accuracy of its representations that are deemed to have been made by submitting a request for redemption. If, after receiving notice of the verification
requirement, the Authorized Participant does not verify the accuracy of its representations that are deemed to have been made by submitting a request for redemption in accordance with this requirement, its redemption request will be considered not
to have been received in proper form.
Redemption Transaction Fee
The basic redemption transaction fee is the same no matter how many Creation Units are being redeemed pursuant to any one redemption request,
in the following amounts:
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Redemption Transaction Fee
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B-62
An additional variable charge for cash redemptions or partial cash redemptions (when cash
redemptions are permitted or required for the Fund) may also be imposed to compensate the Fund for the costs associated with selling the applicable securities. As a result, in order to seek to replicate the
in-kind redemption order process, the Trust expects to sell, in the secondary market, the portfolio securities or settle any financial instruments that may not be permitted to be
re-registered in the name of the Participating Party as a result of an in-kind redemption order pursuant to local law or market convention, or for other reasons
(Market Sales). In such cases where the Trust makes Market Sales, the Authorized Participant will reimburse the Trust for, among other things, any difference between the market value at which the securities and/or financial instruments
were sold or settled by the Trust and the cash in lieu amount (which amount, at the Investment Advisers discretion, may be capped), applicable registration fees, brokerage commissions and certain taxes (Transaction Costs). The
Investment Adviser may adjust the transaction fee to the extent the composition of the redemption securities changes or cash in lieu is added to the Cash Component to protect ongoing shareholders. In no event will fees charged by the Fund in
connection with a redemption exceed 2% of the value of each Creation Unit. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. See Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage for
additional information regarding certain cash redemption transactions. To the extent the Fund cannot recoup the amount of Transaction Costs incurred in connection with a redemption from the redeeming shareholder because of the 2% cap or otherwise,
those Transaction Costs will be borne by the Funds remaining shareholders and negatively affect the Funds performance. From time to time, all or a portion of the Funds basic redemption transaction fee may be waived at the sole
discretion of the Investment Adviser, including in connection with an Authorized Participants redemption of seed capital invested in the Fund or where an Authorized Participant is engaged in certain customized creation and redemption basket
activity that is designed to benefit the Fund by facilitating index tracking in a tax efficient manner (i.e., to minimize the realization of capital gains).
Placement of Redemption Orders Using Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units of the Fund through the Clearing Process, if available, must be delivered through a Participating Party that
has executed the Participant Agreement. An order to redeem Creation Units of the Fund using the Clearing Process is deemed received on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern
time on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed; such order will be effected based on the NAV of the Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Units of the
Fund using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Fund after 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date. The requisite Fund Securities (or contracts to
purchase such Fund Securities which are expected to be delivered in a regular way manner) and the applicable cash payment will be transferred by the second (2nd) Business Day following the date on which such request for redemption is
deemed received.
Placement of Redemption Orders Outside Clearing Process
Orders to redeem Creation Units of the Fund outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the
Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order for redemption of Creation Units of the Fund to be effected outside the Clearing Process need not be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is
not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Units of the Fund will instead be effected through transfer of Creation Units of the Fund directly through DTC. An order to redeem Creation Units of the Fund outside the Clearing Process
is deemed received by BNYM on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by BNYM not later than 4:00 p.m. Eastern time on such Transmittal Date; (ii) such order is preceded or accompanied by the requisite number of Shares of
Creation Units specified in such order, which delivery must be made through DTC to BNYM no later than 11:00 a.m. Eastern time on such Transmittal Date; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.
After BNYM has deemed an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process received, BNYM will initiate procedures to transfer the
requisite Fund Securities (or contracts to purchase such Fund Securities) which are expected to be delivered within two Business Days and the cash redemption payment to the redeeming Beneficial Owner by the second Business Day following the
Transmittal Date on which such redemption order is deemed received by BNYM. Additional transaction fee may be imposed with respect to transactions effected outside the Clearing Process. (See Redemption Transaction Fee section above.)
B-63
BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM
DTC acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its
nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Certificates will not be issued for Shares.
DTC, a
limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of the DTC Participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities
through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and
dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the
DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the Indirect Participants).
Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants
and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as Beneficial Owners) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records
maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC
Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications
to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the Shares holdings of
each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of
such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or
indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory
requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC
or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee.
Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of
customers in bearer form or registered in a street name, and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust
has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records
relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through
such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Shares at any time by giving reasonable
notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such
a replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.
Request for Multiple Copies of Shareholder Documents
To reduce expenses, it is intended that only one copy of the Funds Prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report, when available,
will be mailed to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please contact the financial intermediary through which you hold your shares.
B-64
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a distribution and service plan (Plan) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Act. Under the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its Shares and pay service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing
services to shareholders of the Fund and the maintenance of shareholder accounts in an amount up to [ ]% of its average daily net assets each year.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Fund, and there are no current plans to impose these
fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because these fees are paid out of the Funds assets on an ongoing basis, these fees will increase the cost of your investment in the
Fund. By purchasing Shares subject to distribution fees and service fees, you may pay more over time than you would by purchasing Shares with other types of sales charge arrangements. Long-term shareholders may pay more than the economic equivalent
of the maximum front-end sales charge permitted by the rules of FINRA. The net income attributable to Shares will be reduced by the amount of distribution fees and service fees and other expenses of the Fund.
B-65
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Investment Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect
the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities may be executed internally by a broker-dealer, effected on an agency basis in a block transaction, or routed to competing market centers for
execution. The compensation paid to the broker for providing execution services generally is negotiated and reflected in either a commission or a net price. Executions provided on a net price basis, with dealers acting as principal for
their own accounts without a stated commission, usually include a profit to the dealer. In underwritten offerings, securities are purchased at a fixed price which includes an amount of compensation to the underwriter, generally referred to as the
underwriters concession or discount. On occasion, certain money market instruments may be purchased directly from an issuer, in which case no commissions or discounts are paid.
In placing orders for portfolio securities or other financial instruments of the Fund, the Investment Adviser is generally required to give
primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable execution and net price available. This means that the Investment Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provides the most favorable total cost or
proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Section 28(e)), the Fund may pay a broker which provides brokerage and research services to
the Fund an amount of disclosed commission in excess of the commission which another broker would have charged for effecting that transaction. Such practice is subject to a good faith determination that such commission is reasonable in light of the
services provided and to such policies as the Trustees may adopt from time to time. While the Investment Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive spreads or commissions, the Fund will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission
available. Within the framework of this policy, the Investment Adviser will consider research and investment services provided by brokers or dealers who effect or are parties to portfolio transactions of the Fund, the Investment Adviser and their
affiliates, or their other clients. Such research and investment services are those which brokerage houses customarily provide to institutional investors and include research reports on particular industries and companies; economic surveys and
analyses; recommendations as to specific securities; research products including quotation equipment and computer related programs; advice concerning the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities and the
availability of securities or the purchasers or sellers of securities; analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and performance of accounts; services relating to effecting
securities transactions and functions incidental thereto (such as clearance and settlement); and other lawful and appropriate assistance to the Investment Adviser in the performance of their decision-making responsibilities.
Such services are used by the Investment Adviser in connection with all of its investment activities, and some of such services obtained in
connection with the execution of transactions for the Fund may be used in managing other investment accounts. Conversely, brokers furnishing such services may be selected for the execution of transactions of such other accounts, whose aggregate
assets may be larger than those of the Fund, and the services furnished by such brokers may be used by the Investment Adviser in providing management services for the Trust. The Investment Adviser may also participate in so-called commission sharing arrangements and client commission arrangements under which the Investment Adviser may execute transactions through a broker-dealer and request that the
broker-dealer allocate a portion of the commissions or commission credits to another firm that provides research to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser excludes from use under these arrangements those products and services that are not
fully eligible under applicable law and regulatory interpretations even as to the portion that would be eligible if accounted for separately.
The research services received as part of commission sharing and client commission arrangements will comply with Section 28(e) and may be
subject to different legal requirements in the jurisdictions in which the Investment Adviser does business. Participating in commission sharing and client commission arrangements may enable the Investment Adviser to consolidate payments for research
through one or more channels using accumulated client commissions or credits from transactions executed through a particular broker-dealer to obtain research provided by other firms. Such arrangements also help to ensure the continued receipt of
research services while facilitating best execution in the trading process. Each Investment Adviser believes such research services are useful in its investment decision-making process by, among other things, ensuring access to a variety of high
quality research, access to individual analysts and availability of resources that the Investment Adviser might not be provided access to absent such arrangements.
On occasions when an Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security or other financial instruments to be in the best interest of
the Fund as well as its other customers (including any other fund or other investment company or advisory account for which such Investment Adviser acts as investment adviser or sub-investment adviser), the
Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other customers in order to obtain the best net price and
most favorable execution under the
B-66
circumstances. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it
considers to be equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and such other customers. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the price and size of the position obtainable for the Fund.
When creation or redemption transactions consist of cash, the transactions may require the Fund to contemporaneously transact with
broker-dealers for purchases of Deposit Securities or sales of Fund Securities (as defined above), as applicable. Depending on the timing of the transactions and certain other factors, such transactions may be placed with the purchasing or redeeming
Authorized Participant in its capacity as a broker-dealer or with its affiliated broker-dealer and conditioned upon an agreement with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer to transact at guaranteed prices in order to reduce
transaction costs incurred as a consequence of settling creation or redemption baskets in cash rather than in-kind.
Specifically, following the Funds receipt of a creation or redemption order, to the extent such purchases or redemptions consist of a
cash portion, the Fund may enter an order with the Authorized Participant or affiliated broker-dealer to purchase or sell the Deposit Securities or Fund Securities, as applicable. Such Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer will be
required to guarantee that the Fund will achieve execution of its order at a price at least as favorable to the Fund as the Funds valuation of the Deposit Securities/Fund Securities used for purposes of calculating the NAV applied to the
creation or redemption transaction giving rise to the order, which will depend on the results achieved by the executing firm and will vary depending on market activity, timing and a variety of other factors.
An Authorized Participant is required to deposit an amount with the Fund in order to ensure that the execution of the order on the terms noted
above will be honored on orders arising from creation transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer. If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or
more favorable than the Funds valuation of the Deposit Securities, the Fund receives the benefit of the favorable executions and the deposit is returned to the Authorized Participant. If, however, the broker-dealer executing the order is
unable to achieve a price at least equal to the Funds valuation of the securities, the Fund retains the portion of the deposit equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs) and
may require the Authorized Participant to deposit any additional amount required to cover the full amount of the actual execution transaction.
An Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount in order to ensure that a guarantee on execution will be honored for brokerage
orders arising from redemption transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer. If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price equal to or more favorable than the
Funds valuation of the Fund Securities, the Fund receives the benefit of the favorable executions. If, however, the broker-dealer is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Funds valuation of
the securities, the Fund will be entitled to the portion of the offset equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs).
Commission rates in the U.S. are established pursuant to negotiations with the broker based on the quality and quantity of execution services
provided by the broker in the light of generally prevailing rates. The allocation of orders among brokers and the commission rates paid are reviewed periodically by the Trustees. The amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund may vary
substantially from year to year because of differences in shareholder purchase and redemption activity, portfolio turnover rates and other factors.
Since the Fund is newly-organized, it did not pay brokerage commissions during the last three fiscal years.
Subject to the above considerations, the Investment Adviser may use Goldman Sachs or an affiliate as a broker for the Fund. In order for
Goldman Sachs or an affiliate, acting as agent, to effect securities or futures transactions for the Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by Goldman Sachs or an affiliate must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions,
fees or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities or futures contracts. Furthermore, the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, have adopted procedures
which are reasonably designed to provide that any commissions, fees or other remuneration paid to Goldman Sachs are consistent with the foregoing standard. Brokerage transactions with Goldman Sachs are also subject to such fiduciary standards as may
be imposed upon Goldman Sachs by applicable law.
See Custodian, Sub-Custodians and Provider
of Administrative Services for information regarding foreign exchange transaction services and execution of trades in connection with certain creation and redemption transactions.
B-67
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
In accordance with procedures adopted by the Trustees, the NAV per share of the Funds Shares is calculated by the Funds provider
of administrative services by determining the value of the net assets attributed to the Fund and dividing by the number of outstanding shares of the Fund. All securities are generally valued on each Business Day as of the close of regular trading on
the NYSE (normally, but not always, 4:00p.m. Eastern time), or such other times as the NYSE or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations System (NASDAQ) market may officially close.
For the purpose of calculating the NAV per share of the Fund, investments are valued under valuation procedures established by the Trustees.
Portfolio securities of the Fund for which accurate market quotations are readily available are generally valued as follows: (i) equity securities listed on any U.S. or foreign stock exchange or on the NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale
price or the official closing price on the exchange or system in which they are principally traded on the valuation date. If there is no sale or official closing price on the valuation date, equity securities may be valued at the closing bid price
for long positions or the closing ask price for short positions at the time closest to, but no later than, the NAV calculation time. If the relevant exchange or system has not closed by the above mentioned time for determining the Funds NAV,
the securities will be valued at the last sale price or official closing price, or if not available at the bid price at the time the NAV is determined;
(ii) over-the-counter equity securities not quoted on NASDAQ will be valued at the last sale price on the valuation day or, if no sale occurs, at the last bid price
for long positions or the last ask price for short positions at the time closest to, but no later than, the NAV calculation time; (iii) equity securities for which no prices are obtained under sections (i) or (ii), including those for
which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation or a quotation that is believed by the Investment Adviser to not represent fair value, will be valued through the use of broker quotes, if possible; (iv) fixed income securities will be
valued via electronic feeds from independent pricing services to the administrator using evaluated prices provided by a recognized pricing service and dealer-supplied quotations. Fixed income securities for which a pricing service either does not
supply a quotation or supplies a quotation that is believed by the Investment Adviser to not represent fair value, will be valued through the use of broker quotes, if possible; (v) fixed income securities for which accurate market quotations
are not readily available will be valued by the Investment Adviser based on Board-approved fair valuation policies that incorporate matrix pricing or valuation models, which utilize certain inputs and assumptions, including, but not limited to,
yield or price with respect to comparable fixed income securities and various other factors; (vi) investments in open-end registered investment companies (excluding investments in ETFs) and investments in
private funds are valued based on the NAV of those registered investment companies or private funds (which may use fair value pricing as discussed in their prospectus or offering memorandum); (vii) spot foreign exchange rates will be valued using a
pricing service at the time closest to the time used for the index calculation of the Fund and forward foreign currency contracts will be valued by adding forward points provided by an independent pricing service to the spot foreign exchange rates
and interpolating based upon maturity dates of each contract or by using outright forward rates, where available (if quotations are unavailable from a pricing service or, if the quotations by the Investment Adviser are believed to be inaccurate, the
contracts will be valued by calculating the mean between the last bid and ask quotations supplied by at least one dealer in such contracts); (viii) exchange-traded futures contracts will be valued at the last published settlement price on the
exchange where they are principally traded (or, if a sale occurs after the last published settlement price but before the NAV calculation time, at the last sale price at the time closest to, but no later than, the NAV calculation time); (ix)
exchange-traded options contracts with settlement prices will be valued at the last published settlement price on the exchange where they are principally traded (or, if a sale occurs after the last published settlement price but before the NAV
calculation time, at the last sale price at the time closest to, but no later than, the NAV calculation time); (x) exchange-traded options contracts without settlement prices will be valued at the midpoint of the bid and ask prices on the exchange
where they are principally traded (or, in the absence of two-way trading, at the last bid price for long positions and the last ask price for short positions at the time closest to, but no later than, the NAV
calculation time); (xi) over-the-counter derivatives, including, but not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, total return index swaps, put/call option
combos, total return basket swaps, index volatility and foreign exchange (FX) variance swaps, will be valued at their fair market value as determined using counterparty supplied valuations, an independent pricing service or valuation
models which use market data inputs supplied by an independent pricing service; and (xii) all other instruments, including those for which a pricing service supplies no exchange quotation/price or a quotation that is believed by the Investment
Adviser to be inaccurate, will be valued in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. Securities may also be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees where the Funds
provider of administrative services is unable for other reasons to facilitate pricing of individual securities or calculate the Funds NAV, or if the Investment Adviser believes that such quotations do not accurately reflect fair value. Fair
values determined in accordance with the valuation procedures approved by the Board of Trustees may be based on subjective judgments and it is possible that the prices resulting from such valuation procedures may differ materially from the value
realized on a sale.
The value of all assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollar values at
foreign currency exchange rates generally determined as of 4:00 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith under procedures established by the Board of Trustees.
B-68
Generally, trading in securities on European, Asian and Far Eastern securities exchanges and on over-the-counter markets in these regions is substantially completed at various times prior to the close of business on each Business Day in New York (i.e., a day on which the
NYSE is open for trading). In addition, European, Asian or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all Business Days in New York. Furthermore, trading takes place in various foreign
markets on days which are not Business Days in New York and days on which a Funds NAV is not calculated. Such calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of the majority of the portfolio securities
used in such calculation.
The Investment Adviser, consistent with its procedures and applicable regulatory guidance, may (but need not)
determine to make an adjustment to the previous closing prices of either domestic or foreign securities in light of significant events, to reflect what it believes to be the fair value of the securities at the time of determining the Funds
NAV. Significant events that could affect a large number of securities in a particular market may include, but are not limited to: situations relating to one or more single issuers in a market sector; significant fluctuations in U.S. or foreign
markets; market dislocations; market disruptions or unscheduled market closings; equipment failures; natural or man-made disasters or acts of God; armed conflicts; governmental actions or other developments;
as well as the same or similar events which may affect specific issuers or the securities markets even though not tied directly to the securities markets. Other significant events that could relate to a single issuer may include, but are not limited
to: corporate actions such as reorganizations, mergers and buy-outs; corporate announcements, including those relating to earnings, products and regulatory news; significant litigation; ratings downgrades;
bankruptcies; and trading limits or suspensions.
In general, fair value represents a good faith approximation of the current value of an
asset and may be used when there is no public market or possibly no market at all for an asset. A security that is fair valued may be valued at a price higher or lower than actual market quotations or the value determined by other funds using their
own fair valuation procedures or by other investors. The fair value of an asset may not be the price at which that asset is ultimately sold.
The proceeds received by the Fund and each other series of the Trust from the issue or sale of its Shares, and all net investment income,
realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to the Fund or particular series and constitute the underlying assets of the Fund or series. The underlying assets of the Fund
will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect of the Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses of the Trust with respect to the Fund and the other series of the Trust
are generally allocated in proportion to the NAVs of the respective Fund except where allocations of expenses can otherwise be fairly made.
The Fund relies on various sources to calculate its NAV. The ability of the Funds provider of administrative services to calculate the
NAV per share of the Fund is subject to operational risks associated with processing or human errors, systems or technology failures, cyber attacks and errors caused by third party service providers, data sources, or trading counterparties. Such
failures may result in delays in the calculation of the Funds NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures. In addition, if the third-party
service providers and/or data sources upon which the Fund directly or indirectly relies to calculate its NAV or price individual securities are unavailable or otherwise unable to calculate the NAV correctly, it may be necessary for alternative
procedures to be utilized to price the securities at the time of determining the Funds NAV.
B-69
SHARES OF THE TRUST
The Fund is a series of Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, a Delaware statutory trust formed on December 16, 2009.
The Trustees have authority under the Trusts Declaration of Trust to create and classify shares of beneficial interest in separate
series, without further action by shareholders. The Trustees also have authority to classify and reclassify any series of shares into one or more classes of shares. As of [ ], 2020, the Trustees have authorized the issuance of one class of shares of
the Fund (Shares). Additional series may be added in the future.
Each Share of the Fund represents a proportionate interest
in the assets belonging to the applicable class of the Fund and all expenses of the Fund are borne at the same rate by each class of shares. In addition, the fees and expenses set forth below for Shares may be subject to fee waivers or
reimbursements, as discussed more fully in the Funds Prospectus.
Certain aspects of the Shares may be altered after advance notice
to shareholders if it is deemed necessary in order to satisfy certain tax regulatory requirements.
When issued for the consideration
described in the Funds Prospectus, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain custodian,
transfer agency, shareholder servicing or similar charges by setting off the same against declared but unpaid dividends or by reducing share ownership (or by both means). In the event of liquidation, shareholders are entitled to share pro rata in
the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to such shareholders. All shares are freely transferable and have no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. The Trustees may require Shareholders to redeem Shares for certain reasons
under terms set by the Trustees.
The Act requires that where more than one series of shares exists, each series must be preferred over
all other series in respect of assets specifically allocated to such series. In addition, Rule 18f-2 under the Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of the Act or applicable
state law, or otherwise, to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of
each series affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a series shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each series in the matter are substantially identical or the
matter does not affect any interest of such series. However, Rule 18f-2 exempts the selection of independent public accountants, the approval of principal distribution contracts and the election of trustees
from the separate voting requirements of Rule 18f-2.
The Trust is not required to hold annual
meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each Share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of the shareholders, either
to one vote for each share or to one vote for each dollar of NAV represented by such share on all matters presented to shareholders including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as dollar based voting).
However, to the extent required by the Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees.
Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meetings. The Trustees will call a
special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, if, at any time, less than a majority of Trustees holding office at the time were elected by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect
to the limited number of matters specified in the Declaration of Trust and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is
adjudicated (i) to be liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office or (ii) not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable
belief that such persons actions were in the best interest of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides that, if any shareholder or former shareholder of any series is held personally liable solely by reason of being or having been a
shareholder and not because of the shareholders acts or omissions or for some other reason, the shareholder or former shareholder (or the shareholders heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives or general successors) shall
be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust, acting on behalf of any affected series, must, upon request by such shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against such shareholder
for any act or obligation of the series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the series.
The Declaration of Trust states
that the Trust shall continue without limitation of time but, Trustees may without Shareholder approval (i) sell and convey all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust or any affected Series to another trust, partnership, association,
or corporation, or to a separate series of shares thereof, organized under the laws of any state, which
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trust, partnership, association, or corporation is an open-end management investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act, or is a series
thereof, for adequate consideration which may include the assumption of all outstanding obligations, taxes, and other liabilities, accrued or contingent, of the Trust or any affected Series, and which may include shares of beneficial interest,
stock, or other ownership interests of such trust, partnership, association, or corporation or of a series thereof; or (ii) at any time, sell and convert into money all of the assets of the Trust or any affected series.
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval, to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge,
reorganize or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder
approval, may adopt a master-feeder structure by investing all or a portion of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company with substantially the same
investment objective, restrictions and policies.
The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust without
a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that
would amend the provisions of the Declaration of Trust regarding amendments and supplements thereto; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.
Shareholder and Trustee Liability
Under
Delaware Law, the shareholders of the Fund are not generally subject to liability for the debts or obligations of the Trust. Similarly, Delaware law provides that a series of the Trust will not be liable for the debts or obligations of any other
series of the Trust. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in other states. As a result, to the extent that a Delaware statutory trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction
of courts of such other states, the courts may not apply Delaware law and may thereby subject the Delaware statutory trust shareholders to liability. To guard against this risk, the Declaration of Trust contains an express disclaimer of shareholder
liability for acts or obligations of a series. Notice of such disclaimer will normally be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by a series of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification by
the relevant series for all loss suffered by a shareholder as a result of an obligation of the series. The Declaration of Trust also provides that a series shall, upon request, assume the defense of any claim made against any shareholder for any act
or obligation of the series and satisfy any judgment thereon. In view of the above, the risk of personal liability of shareholders of a Delaware statutory trust is remote.
In addition to the requirements under Delaware law, the Declaration of Trust provides that shareholders of a series may bring a derivative
action on behalf of the series only if the following conditions are met: (a) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series, or 10% of the
outstanding shares of the class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (b) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to
investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the series for the
expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.
The Declaration of Trust further provides
that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
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TAXATION
The following are certain additional U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and the purchase, ownership and
disposition of shares of the Fund that are not described in the Prospectus. The discussions below and in the Prospectus are only summaries and are not intended as substitutes for careful tax planning. They do not address special tax rules applicable
to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, insurance companies and financial institutions. Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult his or her own tax adviser with respect to the
specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on [ ], 2020 which are subject to change. Future changes in tax laws may adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders.
Fund Taxation
The Fund is
treated as a separate taxable entity and has elected to be treated and intends to qualify for each of its taxable years as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code.
There are certain tax requirements that the Fund must follow if it is to avoid federal taxation. In its efforts to adhere to these
requirements, the Fund may have to limit its investment activities in some types of instruments. Qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code requires, among other things, that (i) the Fund derive at least 90% of its gross
income for each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stocks or securities or foreign currencies, net income from qualified publicly traded partnerships or other
income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, and forward contracts) derived with respect to the Funds business of investing in stocks, securities or currencies (the 90% gross income test); and (ii) the
Fund diversify its holdings so that, in general, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (a) at least 50% of the fair market value of the Funds total (gross) assets is comprised of cash, cash items, U.S. Government Securities,
securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting
securities of such issuer, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total (gross) assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government Securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), two or
more issuers controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or certain publicly traded partnerships.
For purposes of the 90% gross income test, income that the Fund earns from equity interests in certain entities that are not treated as
corporations or as qualified publicly traded partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (e.g., partnerships or trusts) will generally have the same character for the Fund as in the hands of such an entity; consequently, the Fund may be
required to limit its equity investments in any such entities that earn fee income, rental income, or other nonqualifying income. In addition, future Treasury regulations could provide that qualifying income under the 90% gross income test will not
include gains from foreign currency transactions that are not directly related to the Funds principal business of investing in stock or securities or options and futures with respect to stock or securities. Using foreign currency positions or
entering into foreign currency options, futures and forward or swap contracts for purposes other than hedging currency risk with respect to securities in the Funds portfolio or anticipated to be acquired may not qualify as
directly-related under these tests.
If the Fund complies with the foregoing provisions, then in any taxable year in which the
Fund distributes, in compliance with the Codes timing and other requirements, an amount at least equal to the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (which includes dividends, taxable interest, taxable accrued original
issue discount and market discount income, income from securities lending, any net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, certain net realized foreign exchange gains and any other taxable income other than net capital
gain, as defined below, and is reduced by deductible expenses), plus 90% of the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income (if any) over certain disallowed deductions, the Fund (but not its
shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on any income of the Fund, including long-term capital gains, distributed to shareholders. If, instead, the Fund retains any investment company taxable income or net capital gain (the excess of
net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), it will be subject to a tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. Because there are some uncertainties regarding the computation of the amounts deemed distributed to Fund
shareholders for these purposes including, in particular, uncertainties regarding the portion, if any, of amounts paid in redemption of Fund shares that should be treated as such distributions there can be no assurance that the Fund
will avoid corporate-level tax in each year.
The Fund generally intends to distribute for each taxable year to its shareholders all or
substantially all of its investment company taxable income, net capital gain and any tax-exempt interest. Exchange control or other foreign laws, regulations or practices may restrict repatriation of
investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors and may therefore make it more difficult for the Fund to satisfy the distribution requirements described above, as well as the excise tax
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distribution requirements described below. The Fund generally expects, however, to be able to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy those requirements, from new investors, the sale of securities or
other sources. If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, it will be taxed on all of its taxable income and net capital gain at corporate rates, and its distributions to shareholders will generally be
taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits.
If the Fund retains any net capital
gain, the Fund may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who (1) if subject to U.S. federal income tax on long-term capital gains, will be required to include in income for federal income
tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of that undistributed amount, and (2) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to
claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds those liabilities. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by the amount of any such undistributed net capital gain included in
the shareholders gross income and decreased by the federal income tax paid by the Fund on that amount of net capital gain.
To avoid
a 4% federal excise tax, the Fund must generally distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of 98% of its taxable ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals
and elections) for the calendar year, 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over its capital losses (generally computed on the basis of the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year), and all
taxable ordinary income and the excess of capital gains over capital losses for all previous years that were not distributed for those years and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. For federal income tax purposes, dividends declared by the
Fund in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month and paid during January of the following year are taxable to such shareholders, and deductible by the Fund, as if paid on December 31 of the
year declared. The Fund anticipates that it will generally make timely distributions of income and capital gains in compliance with these requirements so that it will generally not be required to pay the excise tax.
For federal income tax purposes, the Fund is generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any taxable year to offset its own
capital gains, if any. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
Gains and losses on the sale, lapse, or other termination of options and futures contracts, options thereon and certain forward contracts
(except certain foreign currency options, forward contracts and futures contracts) will generally be treated as capital gains and losses. Certain of the futures contracts, forward contracts and options held by the Fund will be required to be marked-to-market for federal tax purposes that is, treated as having been sold at their fair market value on the last day of the Funds taxable year
(or, for excise tax purposes, on the last day of the relevant period). These provisions may require the Fund to recognize income or gains without a concurrent receipt of cash. Any gain or loss recognized on actual or deemed sales of these futures
contracts, forward contracts, or options will (except for certain foreign currency options, forward contracts, and futures contracts) be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. As a result of certain
hedging transactions entered into by the Fund, it may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, forward contracts, and options or underlying securities or foreign currencies to the extent of any unrecognized gains on
related positions held by the Fund, and the characterization of gains or losses as long-term or short-term may be changed. The tax provisions described in this paragraph may affect the amount, timing and character of the Funds distributions to
shareholders. The application of certain requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company and the application of certain other tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with certain investment practices such as dollar
rolls, or investments in certain derivatives, including interest rate swaps, floors, caps and collars, total return swaps, mortgage swaps, index swaps, forward contracts and structured notes. As a result, the Fund may therefore be required to limit
its investments in such transactions and it is also possible that the IRS may not agree with the Funds tax treatment of such transactions. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives, and certain other investments, may be affected by future
legislation, Treasury Regulations and guidance issued by the IRS that could affect the timing, character and amount of the Funds income and gains and distributions to shareholders. Certain tax elections may be available to the Fund to mitigate
some of the unfavorable consequences described in this paragraph.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions and instruments, which may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules, foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign currencies and
certain futures and options thereon, foreign currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts, and foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss, although in some
cases elections may be available that would alter this treatment. If a net foreign exchange loss treated as ordinary loss under Section 988 of the Code were to exceed the Funds investment company taxable income (computed without regard to
that loss) for a taxable year, the resulting loss would not be deductible by the Fund or its shareholders in future years. Net loss, if any, from certain foreign currency transactions or instruments could exceed net
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investment income otherwise calculated for accounting purposes, with the result being either no dividends being paid or a portion of the Funds dividends being treated as a return of capital
for tax purposes, nontaxable to the extent of a shareholders tax basis in his shares and, once such basis is exhausted, generally giving rise to capital gains.
The Funds investment, if any, in zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities, certain structured securities or other securities
bearing original issue discount or, if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently, market discount, as well as any marked-to-market gain
from certain options, futures or forward contracts, as described above, will in many cases cause the Fund to realize income or gain before the receipt of cash payments with respect to these securities or contracts. For the Fund to obtain cash to
enable the Fund to distribute any such income or gain, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and to avoid federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio investments sooner than it might
otherwise have done.
Investments in lower-rated securities may present special tax issues for the Fund to the extent actual or
anticipated defaults may be more likely with respect to those kinds of securities. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when an investor in such securities may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount, or market discount;
when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities; how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income; and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context
are taxable. These and other issues will generally need to be addressed by the Fund, in the event it invests in such securities, so as to seek to eliminate or to minimize any adverse tax consequences.
If the Fund acquires stock (including, under proposed regulations, an option to acquire stock such as is inherent in a convertible bond) in
certain foreign corporations that receive at least 75% of their annual gross income from passive sources (such as interest, dividends, rents, royalties or capital gain) or hold at least 50% of their assets in investments producing such passive
income (passive foreign investment companies), the Fund could be subject to federal income tax and additional interest charges on excess distributions received from such companies or gain from the sale of stock in such
companies, even if all income or gain actually received by the Fund is timely distributed to its shareholders. The Fund will not be able to pass through to its shareholders any credit or deduction for such a tax. In some cases, elections may be
available that will ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but those elections will require the Fund to include each year certain amounts as income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements described above) without a concurrent receipt
of cash. The Fund may attempt to limit and/or to manage its holdings in passive foreign investment companies to minimize its tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.
If the Fund invests in certain real estate investment trusts (REITs) or in real estate mortgage investment conduit residual
interests, a portion of the Funds income may be classified as excess inclusion income. A shareholder that is otherwise not subject to tax may be taxable on their share of any such excess inclusion income as unrelated business
taxable income. In addition, tax may be imposed on the Fund on the portion of any excess inclusion income allocable to any shareholders that are classified as disqualified organizations.
Taxable U.S. Shareholders Distributions
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions by the Fund, whether reinvested in additional shares or paid in cash, generally will be
taxable to shareholders who are subject to tax.
In general, distributions from investment company taxable income for the year will be
taxable as ordinary income. However, distributions to noncorporate shareholders attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. and certain foreign corporations will generally be taxed at the long-term capital gain rate (described below),
as long as certain other requirements are met. For these lower rates to apply, the noncorporate shareholders must have owned their Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days
before the Funds ex-dividend date and the Fund must also have owned the underlying stock for this same period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date for the
stock. The amount of the Funds distributions that otherwise qualify for these lower rates may be reduced as a result of the Funds securities lending activities, hedging activities or a high portfolio turnover rate.
Distributions reported to shareholders as derived from the Funds dividend income, if any, that would be eligible for the dividends
received deduction if the Fund were not a regulated investment company may be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders. The dividends received deduction, if available, is reduced to the extent the shares with respect
to which the dividends are received are treated as debt-financed under federal income tax law and is eliminated if the shares are deemed to have been held for less than a minimum period, generally 46 days. The dividends received deduction also may
be reduced as a result of the Funds hedging activities, securities lending activities or a high portfolio turnover rate. The
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dividend may, if it is treated as an extraordinary dividend under the Code, reduce a shareholders tax basis in its shares of the Fund. Capital gain dividends (i.e.,
dividends from net capital gain), if reported as such to shareholders, will be taxed to shareholders as long-term capital gain regardless of how long shares have been held by shareholders, but are not eligible for the dividends received deduction
for corporations. The maximum individual rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally either 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individuals income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Distributions, if any, that are in excess of the
Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits will first reduce a shareholders tax basis in his shares and, after such basis is reduced to zero, will generally constitute capital gains to a shareholder who holds his shares as
capital assets.
Under recent tax legislation, individuals and certain other noncorporate entities are generally eligible for a 20%
deduction with respect to ordinary dividends received from REITs (qualified REIT dividends) and certain taxable income from publicly traded partnerships. The IRS has recently issued proposed regulations permitting a RIC to pass through
to its shareholders qualified REIT dividends eligible for the 20% deduction. However, the proposed regulations do not provide a mechanism for a RIC to pass through to its shareholders income from publicly traded partnerships that would be eligible
for such deduction.
Different tax treatment, including penalties on certain excess contributions and deferrals, certain pre-retirement and post-retirement distributions and certain prohibited transactions, is accorded to accounts maintained as qualified retirement plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers for more
information.
Taxable U.S. ShareholdersSale of Shares
When a shareholders shares are sold, redeemed or otherwise disposed of in a transaction that is treated as a sale for tax purposes, the
shareholder will generally recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the shareholders adjusted tax basis in the shares and the cash, or fair market value of any property, received. (To aid in computing that tax basis, a
shareholder should generally retain its account statements for the period that it holds shares.) If the shareholder holds the shares as a capital asset at the time of sale, the character of the gain or loss should be capital, and treated as
long-term if the shareholders holding period is more than one year and short-term otherwise, subject to the rules below.
Certain special tax rules may apply to a shareholders capital gains or losses on Fund shares. If a shareholder receives a capital gain
dividend with respect to shares and such shares have a tax holding period of six months or less at the time of a sale or redemption of such shares, then any loss the shareholder realizes on the sale or redemption will be treated as a long-term
capital loss to the extent of such capital gain dividend. Additionally, any loss realized on a sale or redemption of shares of the Fund may be disallowed under wash sale rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other
shares of the same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an
adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired. If the Fund redeems a shareholder in-kind rather than in cash, the shareholder would realize the same gain or loss as if the shareholder had been redeemed in
cash. Further, the shareholders basis in the securities received in the in-kind redemption would be the securities fair market value on the date of the
in-kind redemption.
Medicare Tax
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions
received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such persons modified adjusted gross income (in the case of an
individual) or adjusted gross income (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Foreign Taxes
The Fund anticipates that it may be subject to foreign taxes on income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) from foreign
securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate those foreign taxes in some cases. If more than 50% of the Funds total assets at the close of a taxable year consists of stock or securities of
foreign corporations, or if at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies, the Fund may file an election with the IRS
pursuant to which the shareholders of the Fund will be required (1) to report as dividend income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) their pro rata shares of foreign income taxes paid by the Fund that are treated as income
taxes under U.S. tax regulations (which excludes, for example, stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes) even though not actually received by those
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shareholders, and (2) to treat those respective pro rata shares as foreign income taxes paid by them, which they can claim either as a foreign tax credit, subject to applicable limitations,
against their U.S. federal income tax liability or as an itemized deduction. (Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for federal income tax purposes will not, however, be able to deduct their pro rata portion of foreign taxes paid by the Fund,
although those shareholders will be required to include their share of such taxes in gross income if the foregoing election is made by the Fund.)
If a shareholder chooses to take credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder as a result of any such election by the Fund,
the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken which the shareholders taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the
shareholders entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, distributions from long-term and short-term capital gains or foreign currency gains by the Fund will generally not be treated as income from foreign
sources. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which have different effects depending upon each
shareholders particular tax situation, certain shareholders of the Fund may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund even if the election is made by the Fund.
Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including retirement plans, other
tax-exempt shareholders and non-U.S. shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from the foregoing Fund election with respect to foreign taxes. Each year, if any, that
the Fund files the election described above, shareholders will be notified of the amount of (1) each shareholders pro rata share of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund and (2) the portion of Fund dividends that represents income
from foreign sources. If the Fund cannot or does not make this election, it may deduct its foreign taxes in computing the amount it is required to distribute.
Backup Withholding
Backup
withholding may be required at a rate up to 24% with respect to distributions payable to shareholders who fail to provide their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they
are subject to backup withholding. Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code generally are exempt from such backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited
against the shareholders U.S. federal tax liability.
Non-U.S. Shareholders
The discussion above relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as it applies to U.S. persons subject to tax under such law.
Except as discussed below, distributions to shareholders who, as to the United States, are not U.S. persons, (i.e.,
are nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, fiduciaries of foreign trusts or estates or other non-U.S. investors) generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at the rate of 30% on distributions
treated as ordinary income unless the tax is reduced or eliminated pursuant to a tax treaty or the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder; but distributions of net capital gain (the excess of any net
long-term capital gains over any net short-term capital losses) including amounts retained by the Fund which are designated as undistributed capital gains, to such a non-U.S. shareholder will not be subject to
U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the distributions are effectively connected with the shareholders trade or business in the United States or, in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is
present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Non-U.S. shareholders may also be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax on deemed income
resulting from any election by the Fund to treat qualified foreign taxes it pays as passed through to shareholders (as described above), but may not be able to claim a U.S. tax credit or deduction with respect to such taxes.
Non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on certain
distributions of interest income and/or short-term capital gains that are designated by the Fund. It is expected that the Fund will generally make designations of short-term gains, to the extent permitted, but the Fund does not intend to make
designations of any distributions attributable to interest income. Therefore, all distributions of interest income will be subject to withholding when paid to non-U.S. investors.
Any capital gain realized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon a sale or redemption of shares of the Fund
will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the gain is effectively connected with the shareholders trade or business in the U.S., or in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder
is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met.
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Non-U.S. persons who fail to furnish the proper IRS Form W-8 (i.e., W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E, W-8ECI, W-8IMY or W-8EXP), or an acceptable substitute, may be subject to backup withholding at a 24% rate on dividends (including capital gain dividends) and on the proceeds of
redemptions and exchanges. Also, non-U.S. shareholders of the Fund may be subject to U.S. estate tax with respect to their Fund shares.
Withholding of U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) is required with respect to payments of dividends made to certain
non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment
accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to enable the applicable withholding agent to determine whether withholding is required.
Each shareholder who is not a U.S. person should consult his or her tax adviser regarding the U.S. and
non-U.S. tax consequences of ownership of shares of, and receipt of distributions from, the Fund.
Backup
Withholding
Backup withholding may be required at a rate up to 24% with respect to distributions payable to shareholders who fail
to provide their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Corporate shareholders and certain other shareholders specified in the Code
generally are exempt from such backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders U.S. federal tax liability.
Creation Units
As a result of
U.S. federal income tax requirements, the Trust on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for a creation of shares if the creator (or group of creators) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding
shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the Deposit Securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information
necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. See Creations and Redemptions.
State and Local
Taxes
The Fund may be subject to state or local taxes in jurisdictions in which the Fund is deemed to be doing business. In
addition, in those states or localities that impose income taxes, the treatment of the Fund and its shareholders under those jurisdictions tax laws may differ from the treatment under federal income tax laws, and investment in the Fund may
have tax consequences for shareholders that are different from those of a direct investment in the Funds portfolio securities. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers concerning state and local tax matters.
B-77
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A copy of the Funds Annual Report (when available) may be obtained upon request and without charge by writing Goldman Sachs Funds, P.O.
Box 06050, Chicago, Illinois 60606 or by calling 1-800-621-2550.
B-78
PROXY VOTING
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. For client accounts for which
the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, the Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures (the Proxy Voting Policy) for the voting of proxies. Under the Proxy Voting Policy, the Investment Advisers guiding principles
in performing proxy voting are to make decisions that favor proposals that in the Investment Advisers view tend to maximize a companys shareholder value and are not influenced by conflicts of interest. To implement these guiding
principles for investments in publicly-traded equities, the Investment Adviser has developed customized proxy voting guidelines (the Guidelines) that they generally apply when voting on behalf of client accounts. Attached as Appendix B
is a summary of the Guidelines. These Guidelines address a wide variety of individual topics, including, among other matters, shareholder voting rights, anti-takeover defenses, board structures, the election of directors, executive and director
compensation, reorganizations, mergers, issues of corporate social responsibility and various shareholder proposals. The Guidelines embody the positions and factors the Investment Adviser generally considers important in casting proxy votes.
The Proxy Voting Policy, including the Guidelines, is reviewed periodically to ensure that it continues to be consistent with the Investment
Advisers guiding principles.
The Investment Adviser has retained a third-party proxy voting service (Proxy Service),
currently Institutional Shareholder Services, to assist in the implementation and administration of certain proxy voting-related functions including, without limitation, operational, recordkeeping and reporting services. The Proxy Service also
prepares a written analysis and recommendation (a Recommendation) of each proxy vote that reflects the Proxy Services application of the Guidelines to particular proxy issues. While it is the Investment Advisers policy
generally to follow the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the Investment Advisers portfolio management teams (Portfolio Management Teams) may on certain proxy votes seek approval to diverge from the Guidelines
or a Recommendation by following an override process. Such decisions are subject to a review and approval process, including a determination that the decision is not influenced by any conflict of interest. A Portfolio Management Team
that receives approval through the override process to cast a proxy vote that diverges from the Guidelines and/or a Recommendation may vote differently than other Portfolio Management Teams that did not seek to override that vote. In forming their
views on particular matters, the Portfolio Management Teams are also permitted to consider applicable regional rules and practices, including codes of conduct and other guides, regarding proxy voting, in addition to the Guidelines and
Recommendations. The Investment Adviser may hire other service providers to replace or supplement the Proxy Service with respect to any of the services the Investment Adviser currently receives from the Proxy Service.
GSAM conducts periodic due diligence meetings with the Proxy Service which include, but are not limited to, a review of the Proxy
Services general organizational structure, new developments with respect to research and technology, work flow improvements and internal due diligence with respect to conflicts of interest.
From time to time, the Investment Adviser may face regulatory, compliance, legal or logistical limits with respect to voting securities that
they may purchase or hold for client accounts, which can affect the Investment Advisers ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. Among other limits, federal, state and foreign regulatory restrictions or
company specific ownership limits, as well as legal matters related to consolidated groups, may restrict the total percentage of an issuers voting securities that the Investment Adviser can hold for clients and the nature of the Investment
Advisers voting in such securities. The Investment Advisers ability to vote proxies may also be affected by, among other things: (i) late receipt of meeting notices; (ii) requirements to vote proxies in person:
(iii) restrictions on a foreigners ability to exercise votes; (iv) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; (v) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions;
and (vi) requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting.
The Investment Adviser has adopted policies and procedures designed to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing its proxy voting
decisions that the Investment Adviser makes on behalf of a client account. These policies and procedures include the Investment Advisers use of the Guidelines and Recommendations from the Proxy Service, the override approval process previously
discussed, and the establishment of information barriers between the Investment Adviser and other businesses within The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Notwithstanding such proxy voting policies and procedures, actual proxy voting decisions of the
Investment Adviser may have the effect of benefitting the interests of other clients or businesses of other divisions or units of Goldman Sachs and/or its affiliates. To mitigate perceived or potential conflicts of interest when a proxy vote is for
shares of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., the Investment Adviser will instruct that such shares be voted in the same proportion as other shares are voted with respect to a proposal.
B-79
Voting decisions with respect to fixed income securities and the securities of privately held
issuers generally will be made by the Funds managers based on their assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent
12-month period ended June 30 will be available on or through the Funds website at
www.gsam.com/content/gsam/us/en/advisors/resources/client-service/proxy-voting.html without charge and on the SECs website at www.sec.gov.
B-80
PAYMENTS TO OTHERS (INCLUDING INTERMEDIARIES)
The Investment Adviser, Distributor (upon direction of the Fund) and/or their affiliates may make payments to intermediaries from time to time
to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Fund (each, an Intermediary). Certain payments (Additional Payments) are made out of the Investment Advisers, and/or its affiliates own assets
(which may come directly or indirectly from fees paid by the Fund), are not an additional charge to the Fund or its shareholders, and do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of the Funds shares or the amount the Fund
receives as proceeds from such purchases. Although paid by the Investment Adviser, Distributor (upon direction of the Fund or the Investment Adviser), and/or their affiliates, the Additional Payments are in addition to the distribution and service
fees paid by the Fund to the Intermediaries as described in the Funds Prospectus and this SAI.
The Additional Payments are intended
to compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, the support or purchase of technology platforms/software and/or reporting systems. The Investment Adviser, Distributor (upon
direction of the Fund or the Investment Adviser) and/or their affiliates may also make payments to Intermediaries for certain printing, publishing and mailing costs associated with the Fund or materials relating to exchange-traded funds in general
and/or for the provision of analytical or other data to GSAM or its affiliates relating to sales of Fund shares. In addition, the Investment Adviser, Distributor (upon direction of the Fund or the Investment Adviser) and/or their affiliates may make
payments to Intermediaries that make Fund shares available to their clients or for otherwise promoting the Fund, including through provision of consultative services to GSAM or its affiliates relating to marketing of the Fund and/or sale of Fund
shares.
These Additional Payments may be significant to certain Intermediaries, and may be an important factor in an Intermediarys
willingness to support the sale of the Fund through its distribution system.
The Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates may be
motivated to make Additional Payments since they promote the sale of Fund shares to clients of Intermediaries and the retention of those investments by those clients. To the extent Intermediaries sell more shares of the Fund or retain shares of the
Fund in their clients accounts, the Investment Adviser benefits from the incremental management and other fees paid by the Fund with respect to those assets.
In addition, certain Intermediaries may have access to certain research and investment services from the Investment Adviser and/or its
affiliates. Such research and investment services (Additional Services) may include research reports; economic analysis; portfolio analysis, portfolio construction and similar tools and software; business planning services; certain
marketing and investor education materials; and strategic asset allocation modeling. The Intermediary may not pay for these products or services or may only pay for a portion of the total cost of these products or services. The cost of the
Additional Services and the particular services provided may vary from Intermediary to Intermediary.
The presence of these Additional
Payments or Additional Services, the varying fee structure and the basis on which an Intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular Intermediary, registered representative or
salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend funds, including the Fund, or other investments based, at least in part, on the level of compensation paid. Additionally, if one fund sponsor makes greater distribution payments than another, an
Intermediary may have an incentive to recommend one fund complex over another. Similarly, if an Intermediary receives more distribution assistance for one share class versus another, that Intermediary may have an incentive to recommend that share
class. Because Intermediaries may be paid varying amounts per class for sub-transfer agency and related recordkeeping services, the service requirements of which also may vary by class, this may create an
additional incentive for financial firms and their financial advisors to favor one fund complex over another, or one fund class over another. You should consider whether such incentives exist when evaluating any recommendations from an Intermediary
to purchase or sell Shares of the Fund.
Your Intermediary may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in the
Prospectus. Shareholders should contact their Intermediary for more information about the Additional Payments or Additional Services they receive and any potential conflicts of interest, as well as for information regarding any fees and/or
commissions it charges. For additional questions, please contact Goldman Sachs Funds at 1-800-621-2550.
Not described above are other subsidiaries of Goldman Sachs who may receive revenue from the Investment Adviser, Distributor and/or their
affiliates through intra-company compensation arrangements and for financial, distribution, administrative and operational services.
Furthermore, the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates may, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, sponsor various trainings
and educational programs and reimburse investors for certain expenses incurred in connection with accessing
B-81
the Fund through portal arrangements. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates may also pay for the travel expenses, meals, lodging and entertainment of Intermediaries and their salespersons and
guests in connection with educational, sales and promotional programs subject to applicable FINRA regulations. Other compensation may also be offered from time to time to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state laws or FINRA
regulations. This compensation is not included in, and is made in addition to, the Additional Payments described above.
B-82
OTHER INFORMATION
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure
The Trust
has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Funds portfolio holdings. The policy provides that neither the Fund nor its Investment Adviser or any agent or employee thereof will disclose the Funds portfolio
holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. The Board of Trustees of the Trust must approve all material amendments to this policy.
The Funds complete portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through financial reporting and
news services, including the Funds publicly accessible Internet website (http://www.gsamfunds.com). In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for Fund shares, together
with estimates and actual cash components, is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the NSCC.
Information
that is not publicly available as set forth above may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they
receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Investment Advisers legal or compliance department.
Miscellaneous
The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all the information included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the
1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectus. Certain portions of the Registration Statement have been omitted from the Prospectus and this SAI pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Registration Statement
including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
Statements contained in the
Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
Corporate Actions
From time to time, the issuer of a security held in the Funds portfolio may initiate a corporate action relating to that
security. Corporate actions relating to equity securities may include, among others, an offer to purchase new shares, or to tender existing shares, of that security at a certain price. Corporate actions relating to debt securities may include, among
others, an offer for early redemption of the debt security, or an offer to convert the debt security into stock. Certain corporate actions are voluntary, meaning that the Fund may only participate in the corporate action if it elects to do so in a
timely fashion. Participation in certain corporate actions may enhance the value of the Funds investment portfolio.
In cases where
the Fund or the Investment Adviser receives sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Investment Adviser will exercise its discretion, in good faith, to determine whether the Fund will participate in that corporate action. If
the Fund or the Investment Adviser does not receive sufficient advance notice of a voluntary corporate action, the Fund may not be able to timely elect to participate in that corporate action. Participation or lack of participation in a voluntary
corporate action may result in a negative impact on the value of the Funds investment portfolio.
B-83
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
The Fund has not commenced operations as of [ ], 2020, and the Trust does not know of any persons who own of record or beneficially 5% or more
of the outstanding Shares of the Fund as of that date.
B-84
APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
An S&P
Global Ratings short-term issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the
rating categories used by S&P Global Ratings for short-term issues:
A-1 A
short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this
category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated
A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to
meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A
short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligors capacity to meet
its financial commitments on the obligation.
B A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as vulnerable
and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial
commitments.
C A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D
A short-term obligation rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation
are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The
D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is
lowered to D if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings S&P
Global Ratings issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuers foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity
to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moodys Investors
Service (Moodys) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on
contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Moodys employs the following
designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated
Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (Fitch) short-term issuer or obligation ratings are based in all cases on the short-term
vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term
Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations
in U.S. public finance markets.
The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
F1 Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity
for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2 Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation
indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3 Securities possess fair short-term
credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment
of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C
Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted Default.
Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
NR This designation indicates that Fitch does not publicly rate the associated issuer or issue.
WD This designation indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer maintained by Fitch.
DBRS® Ratings Limited (DBRS) short-term debt rating scale provides an
opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories (high),
(middle), and (low).
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:
R-1 (high) Short-term debt rated
R-1 (high) is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future
events.
R-1 (middle) Short-term debt rated
R-1 (middle) is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from
R-1 (high) by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
R-1 (low) Short-term debt rated R-1
(low) is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but
qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
R-2 (high) Short-term
debt rated R-2 (high) is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be
vulnerable to future events.
R-2 (middle) Short-term debt rated R-2 (middle) is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be
exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
R-2 (low)
Short-term debt rated R-2 (low) is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May
be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuers ability to meet such obligations.
R-3 Short-term debt rated R-3 is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of
short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
R-4 Short-term debt rated R-4
is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
R-5 Short-term debt rated R-5
is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
D Short-term debt rated D is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or
winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted,
such as the case of a distressed exchange.
2-A
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P Global Ratings for long-term issues:
AAA An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligors
capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated
AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and
economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or
changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant
speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties
or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than
other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the
obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the
obligation.
CCC An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon
favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet
its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to
nonpayment. The CC rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
C An obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have
lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D An obligation
rated D is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due,
unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The D rating also will be used
upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligations rating is lowered to D if it is
subject to a distressed exchange offer.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is
insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P Global Ratings does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Plus (+) or minus (-) The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-)
sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings S&P Global
Ratings issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuers foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet
its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moodys long-term ratings are
forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered
in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys for long-term debt:
Aaa Obligations
rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A
Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa
Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
3-A
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject
to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are
subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or
very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are
the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends
numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:
AAA Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of
credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low credit
risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A Securities considered to be of high credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The
capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Securities considered to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk
are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Securities considered to be speculative. BB ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk,
particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Securities considered to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC A CCC rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.
CC A CC rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.
C A C rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned RD or D ratings but are instead rated in the B to
C rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default
and loss.
Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are
not added to the AAA category or to categories below CCC.
NR Denotes that Fitch does not
publicly rate the associated issue or issuer.
WD Indicates that the rating has been withdrawn and is no longer
maintained by Fitch.
The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will
fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of the claims. All
rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories (high) and (low). The absence of either a (high) or (low) designation indicates the rating is in the middle of
the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
AAA Long-term debt rated
AAA is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
AA Long-term debt rated AA is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations
is considered high. Credit quality differs from AAA only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
4-A
A Long-term debt rated A is of good credit quality. The capacity
for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
BBB Long-term debt rated BBB is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial
obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
BB Long-term debt rated
BB is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
B Long-term debt rated B is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to
the capacity to meet financial obligations.
CCC, CC and C Long-term debt rated in any of these
categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C ratings are normally applied to
obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be
rated in the C category.
D A security rated D is assigned when the issuer has filed
under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to D may occur. DBRS may also use SD (Selective Default) in
cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a distressed exchange.
Municipal Note Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings opinion about the liquidity factors and market
access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if
any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings analysis will review the following considerations:
Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely
it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1 A municipal note rated
SP-1 exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 A municipal note rated
SP-2 exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 A municipal note rated
SP-3 exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moodys uses
the Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuers long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are
divided into three levels MIG-1 through MIG-3while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated SG. The
following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys for these short-term obligations:
MIG-1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is
afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG-2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG-3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow
protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation
denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
5-A
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long- or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest
payments. The second element represents Moodys evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (demand feature). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the
Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuers long-term
rating drops below investment grade.
VMIG-1 This designation denotes superior
credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG-2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded
by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG-3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is
afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a
liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
NR Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.
About Credit Ratings
An S&P Global Ratings issue
credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note
programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The
opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings view of the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could
affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Moodys credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of fact
or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitchs credit ratings relating to issuers are an opinion on the relative ability of an
entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money
owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitchs credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
Credit ratings provided by DBRS are forward-looking opinions about credit risk which reflect the creditworthiness of an issuer, rated entity, and/or security.
Credit ratings are not statements of fact. While historical statistics and performance can be important considerations, credit ratings are not based solely on such; they include subjective considerations and involve expectations for future
performance that cannot be guaranteed. To the extent that future events and economic conditions do not match expectations, credit ratings assigned to issuers and/or securities can change. Credit ratings are also based on approved and applicable
methodologies, models and criteria (Methodologies), which are periodically updated and when material changes are deemed necessary, this may also lead to rating changes.
Credit ratings typically provide an opinion on the risk that investors may not be repaid in accordance with the terms under which the obligation was issued.
In some cases, credit ratings may also include consideration for the relative ranking of claims and recovery, should default occur. Credit ratings are meant to provide opinions on relative measures of risk and are not based on expectations of any
specific default probability, nor are they meant to predict such.
The data and information on which DBRS bases its opinions is not audited or verified by
DBRS, although DBRS conducts a reasonableness review of information received and relied upon in accordance with its Methodologies and policies.
DBRS uses
rating symbols as a concise method of expressing its opinion to the market but there are a limited number of rating categories for the possible slight risk differentials that exist across the rating spectrum and DBRS does not assert that credit
ratings in the same category are of exactly the same quality.
6-A