There are a number of misconceptions when it comes to ETF
liquidity. Many investors believe that if a product doesn’t trade
enough shares it will be impossible to invest in the product as a
result.
That simply is not true for the majority of funds because
authorized participants have the ability to step in and create new
baskets of an ETF in order to meet demand and keep prices close to
underlying NAVs. This ability to create new shares, along with
the built-in arbitrage mechanism, ensures that most ETFs trade very
close to their underlying values and that big traders can generally
get into most ETFs with ease.
However, while the importance of volume may be somewhat
overstated, it is still an important consideration in the
investment process nonetheless, especially for traders who get in
and out of a particular security very frequently. For these
traders, high volume levels can help keep bid ask spreads low and
thus reduce the total cost of trading.
For example, many of the top, most liquid ETFs on the market
today have a spread between the bid and the ask of just a few
pennies while a number have a spread that is just one penny wide.
This means that sellers/buyers can often times get in or out of a
particular fund right at the current price, something that is not
always possible in less liquid products.
While a couple of pennies a share isn’t a big deal over decades
to long term buy-and-hold investors, it can really add up to short
term traders or those who have a large position in a particular
fund. For these traders, we have briefly highlighted below 25 of
the most liquid ETFs currently on the market:
SPDR S&P 500
(SPY)
Initiated in January 1993, SPY is the ETF with the highest
traded volume. It has been designed to track the performance of the
S&P 500 Index. The most popular fund among investors has 500
stocks in its basket and an average trading volume of about 135
million shares. This inexpensive fund charges a premium of just
0.09%.
The fund’s concentration risk is also low at 20.53%, which means
the fund is equally spread out. The fund has delivered a
return of 1.99% over a period of one year. Apple Inc. (AAPL) takes
the top position in the top 10 holdings list.
Financial Select Sector SPDR
(XLF)
Introduced in December 1998, XLF replicates the performance of
the Financial Select Sector Index. The second most popular ETF
among investors trades about 58 million shares a day and charges
the lowest premium in the financial category of 0.18%.
With 83 stocks in total, the product has seen some negative
performance thanks to banking weakness and worries over Europe. XLF
has 50.99% of assets in its top 10 holdings which mean the fund has
some concentration issues (Three Financial ETFs Outperforming
XLF).
Russell 2000 Index Fund Profile
(IWM)
Introduced in May 2000, the fund replicates the performance of
the Russell 2000 Index. With total holdings of almost 2,000 stocks,
the fund trades with the fourth highest trading volume of just over
52.7 million shares per day. The fund just has 2.52% of assets
invested in the top 10 holdings with just 0.27% of asset invested
in Parametric Technology Corporation (PMTC), which occupies the
first position in the list. The fund has as expense ratio of
0.26%.( Five Cheaper ETFs You Probably Overlooked)
MSCI Emerging Markets Index Fund
(EEM)
Launched in April 2003, the fund seeks to track the performance
of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. With total volume of 48,
514,898, the fund occupies the third position in terms of trading
volume. EEM has total holding of 853 with concentration risk of
16.01%. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (SSNLF.PK) occupies the top
position in the fund with 3.45% of assets invested in this stock
(Three Overlooked Emerging Market ETFs).
PowerShares QQQ
(QQQ)
Initiated in March 1999, the fund seeks to track the performance
of the NASDAQ 100 Index. The fund has a total volume of about 40
million shares a day and total holdings of 100 stocks.
The fund appears to have weak diversification prospects as it
has a concentration risk of 57.14%. Apple Inc. (AAPL) occupies the
top position in the fund with 18.57% asset invested in the stock.
Still, the product is relatively cheap at just 20 basis points per
year while the high volume helps to promote a very tight bid ask
spread.
S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures ETN
(VXX)
Launched in January 2009, VXX seeks to track the performance of
the S&P 500 VIX Short-Term Futures Index Total Return. The fund
has a total volume of about 36 million shares. This makes it the
most popular volatility product on the market today, helping iPath
cash in thanks to the 89 basis point expense ratio and the massive
AUM of roughly $1.7 billion.
Vanguard MSCI Emerging Markets ETF
(VWO)
Introduced in April 2005, the fund seeks to replicate the
performance of MSCI Emerging Markets Index just like EEM. Current
volume is roughly 34.4 million shares per day, making it another
popular product in the emerging market ETF space.
In terms of holdings, the product has just over 900 stocks in
its portfolio giving the fund a relatively low concentration risk.
Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. (SSNLF.PK) occupies the top position
in the top 10 holding list. The fund which has the lowest expense
ratio in the category at 0.20% making it extremely cheap when
compared to EEM. (The Trend Is Your Friend With These Three
ETFs)
MSCI EAFE Index Fund
(EFA)
Initiated in August 2001, the fund replicates the performance of
the MSCI EAFE Index. The benchmark measures the performance of
equity markets in European, Australasian, and Far Eastern markets.
The fund trades with volume of about 25.4 million shares a day and
total asset of $38.4 billion. Total holdings of the fund stands at
929 with 13.02% of asset invested in the top 10 holdings. EFA
charges a premium of 0.34% from investors while it has seen some
weakness as of late thanks to the sovereign debt crisis in
Europe.
FTSE China 25 Index Fund
(FXI)
Introduced in October 2004, the fund replicates the performance
of the FTSE China 25 Index. The index measures the performance of
the largest companies in the Chinese equity market.
The fund has a total volume of roughly 24 million shares per day
while the holdings list—unsurprisingly—consists of 25 stocks. FXI
appears to be non-diversified as it has a concentration risk of
60.77%. The fund has an expense ratio of 0.72% like other
emerging market ETFs has been under pressure during 2012 (What
Bubble? China ETFs Soaring To Start 2012)
Industrial Select Sector SPDR Fund
(XLI)
Launched in December 1998, the fund replicates the performance
of the Industrial Select Sector Index. With volume of roughly 24.3
million shares and 62 stocks in total in its basket, the fund
appears to be non-diversified in nature as the fund’s concentration
risk stands at 49.6%.
General Electric Company (GE) occupies the top position in the
top 10 holding list. The fund which has the lowest expense ratio in
the category of 0.18% while its AUM is just over $3 billion (Three
Industrial ETFs for a Manufacturing Revival)
Daily Small Cap Bear 3X Shares Fundamentals
(TZA)
Launched in November 2008, the Small Cap Bear 3X ETF seeks daily
investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% of the
inverse (or opposite) of the performance of the Russell 2000. The
fund has a volume of roughly 21.1 million shares per day and
charges an expense ratio of 0.95%, among the most expensive in the
category.
Still, the fund represents one of the best ways to access the
small cap market from a bearish perspective while simultaneously
using leverage.
Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund
(XLE)
Launched in December 1998, the fund replicates the performance
of the Energy Select Sector Index. With volume of roughly 17
million shares and 44 stocks in its basket, the fund appears to be
non-diversified in nature as the fund’s concentration risk stands
at 68.3%.
Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) occupies the top position in the
top 10 holding list. The fund which has the lowest expense ratio in
the category of 0.18%, currently has about $6.6 billion in AUM
(Play An Oil Bull With These Three Emerging Market ETFs)
UltraShort S&P500
(SDS)
Launched in July 2006, the fund seeks to track the performance
of the S&P 500 Index (-200%). The fund’s volume stands at
roughly 17.3 million shares a day and has an expense ratio of
0.95%, making it among the most expensive ETF in the category.
Silver Trust ETF
(SLV)
Introduced in April 2006, SLV seeks to track the performance of
the spot price of Silver Bullion. Trading with the volume of
just under 16 million shares day, SLV is also one of the most
expensive funds in the category with a cost of 0.50%. With AUM of
$10,088.4 million, the fund has delivered solid long term returns
but has been weak as of late (Silver ETFs Outshine Gold).
Direxion Daily Financial Bear 3x Shares
(FAZ)
Launched in November 2008, The Financial Bear 3X ETF seeks daily
investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% of the
inverse of the performance of the Russell 1000 Financial Services
Index. Currently, the average volume comes in around 14.2 million
shares per day while the cost, much like other leveraged ETFs on
the list, is somewhat high at 95 basis points a year.
Market Vectors TR Gold Miners ETF
(GDX)
Introduced in March 2006, the fund replicates the performance of
the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index. The fund trades with volume of
about 12.7 million shares a day while it has AUM 2,795,594 and AUM
of $8 billion. Total holdings of the fund stands at 32 with 77.29%
of asset invested in the top 10 holdings. GDX charges a premium of
0.53% from the investors and tends to act as a leveraged play on
the underlying metal.
MSCI Japan Index Fund
(EWJ)
Introduced in December 1996, the fund seeks to track the
performance of the MSCI Japan Index. The index measures the
performance of the Japanese equity market.
The fund has a total volume of 12.3 million shares a day, and
total net assets of roughly five billion.
The fund holds a total stock of 311 with concentration risk of
22.31%, suggesting the fund is diversified. EWJ has an expense
ratio of 0.51% and easily the most popular and liquid ETF in the
Japan market (For Japan ETFs, Think Small Caps).
UltraPro Short S&P500
(SPXU)
Launched in June 2009, UltraPro Short S&P500 seeks daily
investment results, before fees and expenses, of 300% of the
inverse (or opposite) of the performance of the S&P 500Index.
The fund has a volume of roughly 10.2 million a day while it
charges 95 basis points a year in fees for its short leveraged
exposure.
MSCI Brazil Index Fund
(EWZ)
Introduced in July 2000, the fund seeks to track the performance
of the MSCI Brazil Index. The index measures the performance of the
Brazilian equity market with a focus on large cap stocks. The fund
has a total volume of 8.4 million shares a day and total net assets
of $6.8 billion. The fund holds roughly 83 stocks in total, while
it has a concentration risk of 55.11%, suggesting the fund is
non-diversified in nature. EWZ has an expense ratio of 0.59% and
like many other emerging market ETFs on the list, has seen some
weakness in the summer of 2012. (Brazil Small-Cap ETF Showdown: BRF
vs. EWZS)
Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares
(FAS)
Launched in November 2008, The Daily Financial Bull 3X Shares
ETF seeks daily investment results, before fees and expenses, of
300% of the performance of the Russell 1000 Financial Services
Index. Currently, the product has a volume of about 8.7 million
shares a day while expenses come in at 95 basis points a year.
VelocityShares Daily 2x VIX Short-Term ETN
(TVIX)
Initiated in November 2010, the fund trades with the volume of
eight million shares a day0 and seeks to track the performance of
the S&P 500 VIX Short Term Futures Index Excess Return (200%).
Over a period of one year, the product has been beaten down thanks
to contango issues but in short time periods it is capable of big
moves higher.
United States Oil Fund
(USO)
Initiated in April 2006, USO tracks the price and performance of
crude oil. The fund consists of futures contracts for WTI Crude the
American benchmark. Volume of the fund stands at 7.6 million shares
a day while AUM is high at $1.2 billion.
SPDR Gold Shares
(GLD)
Launched in November 2011, GLD seeks to track the performance of
the spot price of Gold Bullion. Trading with volume of 7.5 million
shares a day, GLD is also one of the expensive funds in the
category with the expense ratio of 0.40%. With total net assets of
$64 billion, the fund is also one of the most widely held ETFs as
well.
UltraShort Barclays 20+ Year Treasury
(TBT)
Launched in April 2008, the fund seeks to track the performance
of the Barclays Capital US 20 Year Treasury Index (-200%). The
fund’s volume stands at roughly 11.1 million shares a day while the
expenses are at 0.95%.
United States Natural Gas Fund (UNG)
For investors looking to make a play on natural gas, UNG is one
of the most popular options. The product trades about 9.8 million
shares a day and has AUM of about one billion.
Unfortunately, fees on the ETF are somewhat high at 98 basis
points a year, but the product does crush all others in the space
in terms of total volume and tradability.
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ISHARS-EMG MKT (EEM): ETF Research Reports
ISHARS-EAFE (EFA): ETF Research Reports
ISHARS-FT CH25 (FXI): ETF Research Reports
ISHARES TR-2000 (IWM): ETF Research Reports
NASDAQ-100 SHRS (QQQ): ETF Research Reports
PRO-ULSH S&P500 (SDS): ETF Research Reports
ISHARS-SLVR TR (SLV): ETF Research Reports
SPDR-SP 500 TR (SPY): ETF Research Reports
DIRX-SC BEAR 3X (TZA): ETF Research Reports
VIPERS-M EM MKT (VWO): ETF Research Reports
SPDR-EGY SELS (XLE): ETF Research Reports
SPDR-FINL SELS (XLF): ETF Research Reports
SPDR-INDU SELS (XLI): ETF Research Reports
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