ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes appearing under Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this annual report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and expected financial results, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the "Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Item 7 and "Risk Factors" presented under Item 1A for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis in this annual report.
A discussion of changes in our Financial Results and Cash Flow Comparisons from fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2022 has been omitted from this Form 10-K, but may be found in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2022.
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
We own and operate a network of full service agricultural and construction equipment stores in the United States and Europe. Based upon information provided to us by CNH Industrial N.V. or its U.S. subsidiary CNH Industrial America, LLC, collectively referred to in this Form 10-K as CNH Industrial, we are the largest retail dealer of Case IH Agriculture equipment in the world, one of the largest retail dealers of Case Construction equipment in North America and one of the largest retail dealers of New Holland Agriculture and New Holland Construction equipment in the U.S. We operate our business through three reportable segments: Agriculture, Construction and International. Within each segment, we have four principal sources of revenue: new and used equipment sales, parts sales, service, and equipment rental and other activities.
The agricultural equipment we sell and service includes machinery and attachments for uses ranging from large-scale farming to home and garden use. The construction equipment we sell and service includes heavy construction machinery, light industrial machinery for commercial and residential construction, road and highway construction machinery, energy, and forestry operations equipment. We offer our customers a one-stop solution for their equipment needs through:
•new and used equipment sales;
•parts sales;
•equipment repair and maintenance services; and
•equipment rental and other activities.
The new equipment and parts we sell are supplied primarily by CNH Industrial. According to its public reports, CNH Industrial is a leading manufacturer and supplier of agricultural and construction equipment based on the number of units sold, primarily through the Case IH Agriculture, New Holland Agriculture, Case Construction and New Holland Construction brands. Sales of new CNH Industrial products accounted for approximately 73% of our new equipment revenue in fiscal 2023, with our single largest manufacturer other than CNH Industrial representing approximately 4% of our total new equipment sales in fiscal 2023. We acquire used equipment for resale primarily through trade-ins from our customers and in some cases through selective purchases. We sell parts and provide in-store and on-site repair and maintenance services. We rent equipment and provide other ancillary services such as equipment transportation, GPS signal subscriptions, farm data management systems, precision farming equipment, and finance and insurance products.
Throughout our 42-year operating history, we have built an extensive, geographically contiguous network of 86 stores located in the United States and 35 stores in Europe. We have a history of growth through acquisitions, including over 55 acquisitions in 15 U.S. states and four European countries since January 1, 2003. We believe that there will continue to be opportunities for dealership consolidation in the future, and we expect that acquisitions will continue to be a component of our long-term growth strategy.
Certain External Factors Affecting our Business
We are subject to a number of factors that affect our business including those factors discussed in the sections in this annual report entitled "Risk Factors" and "Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." Certain of these external factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
Russia/Ukraine Geopolitical Conflict
Since the onset of the active conflict in February 2022, most of Titan Machinery Ukraine's customers have been able to continue their work, although at a reduced capacity and schedule. The Company's business systems in Ukraine have continued
to function but have been, and could continue to be, negatively impacted in the future. Some of Titan Machinery Ukraine's back office employees have been able to relocate outside of Ukraine and continue to work for the Company, while the customer support and sales teams have remained in Ukraine. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, Titan Machinery Ukraine's revenues are down approximately 40.5% from the prior fiscal year.
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had total assets of $27.4 million in Ukraine. The physical assets (e.g. inventory and fixed assets) are almost exclusively located in central and western areas of the country. Total Company assets in Ukraine as of January 31, 2022 were $32.7 million.
The situation in Ukraine is highly complex and continues to evolve. If the Company cannot provide efficient and uninterrupted services to its customers, this could worsen the conflict's adverse effect on the Company's operations and business in Ukraine. In addition, the Company's ability to maintain adequate liquidity for our operations in Ukraine is dependent on a number of factors, including Titan Machinery Ukraine's revenue and earnings, which have been and could continue to be, significantly impacted by the conflict. Further, any major breakdown or closure of utility services, any major threat to civilians in our footprint, disruption of commodity exports from Ukraine, or international banking disruption could materially impact the operations and liquidity of Titan Machinery Ukraine.
Supply Chain Disruptions
Equipment availability continues to be challenging as supply chain disruptions throughout 2021 continued throughout 2022, along with increased domestic and global demand for equipment inventory, have caused many manufacturers to be unable to produce enough equipment to meet demand. The timing of the completion of equipment and the resulting delivery to the end customer can shift from quarter to quarter or in some cases, year to year, thereby potentially impacting when we are able to receive the inventory, enter into sales transactions with our customers, and recognize the revenue. These supply chain issues have been further complicated by labor shortages as well as the announcement by CNH Industrial that it will be implementing an equipment allocation methodology to determine production slots for calendar year 2023. All of these factors may limit our ability to match customer demand on certain products in fiscal 2024. We will continue to work with our manufacturers to source future inventory to fulfill as much customer demand as possible.
Macroeconomic and Industry Factors
Our Agriculture and International businesses are primarily driven by the demand for agricultural equipment for use in the production of food, fiber, feed grain and renewable energy. Agriculture industry factors such as changes in agricultural commodity prices and net farm income, have an effect on customer sentiment and their ability to secure financing for equipment purchases. Macroeconomic and industry factors that affect commodity prices and net farm income include changing worldwide demand for agriculture commodities, crop yields and supply disruptions caused by weather patterns and crop diseases, crop stock levels, production costs, and changing U.S. dollar foreign currency exchange rates. Based on U.S. Department of Agriculture ("USDA") publications, the most recent estimate of net farm income for calendar year 2022 increased 15.5% compared to calendar year 2021 due to U.S. crop production and increased commodity exports and partially offset by a reduction in U.S. Federal government's direct farm program payments. Based on its February 2023 report, the USDA projected net farm income for calendar year 2023 to decrease 15.9%, as compared to calendar year 2022, but still remain above historical levels.
Our Construction business is primarily impacted by the demand for construction equipment for use in private and government commercial, residential, and infrastructure construction; demolition; maintenance; energy and forestry operations. Industry reports show that demand for construction equipment in our markets is driven by several factors, one of which is public infrastructure spending, including roads and highways, sewer and water. Any growth in federal allocations to public infrastructure spending over the next few years should positively impact our future results of operations. Likewise, any decline in federal allocations to public infrastructure spending over the next few years should negatively impact our future results of operations.
Seasonality & Weather
The agricultural and construction equipment businesses are highly seasonal, which causes our quarterly results and our available cash flow to fluctuate during the year. Our customers generally purchase and rent equipment in preparation for, or in conjunction with, their busy seasons, which for farmers are the spring planting and fall harvesting seasons; and which for Construction customers is typically the second and third quarters of our fiscal year for much of our Construction footprint. Our parts and service revenues are typically highest during our customers' busy seasons as well, due to the increased use of their equipment during this time, which generates the need for more parts and service work. However, weather conditions impact the timing of our customers' busy times, which may cause greater than expected fluctuations in our quarterly financial results year over year. In addition, the fourth quarter typically is a significant period for equipment sales in the U.S. because of our
customers’ year-end tax planning considerations, the timing of dealer incentives and the increase in availability of funds from completed harvests and construction projects.
Seasonal weather trends, particularly severe wet or dry conditions, can have a significant impact on regional agricultural and construction market performance by affecting crop production and the ability to undertake construction projects. Weather conditions that adversely affect the agricultural or construction markets decrease the demand for our products and services.
In addition, numerous external factors such as credit markets, commodity prices, and other circumstances may disrupt normal purchasing practices and buyer sentiment, further contributing to the seasonal fluctuations.
Dependence on our Primary Supplier
The majority of our business involves the distribution and servicing of equipment manufactured by CNH Industrial. In fiscal 2023, CNH Industrial supplied approximately 76% of the new equipment sold in our Agriculture segment, 76% of the new equipment sold in our Construction segment, and 60% of the new equipment sold in our International segment, and represented a significant portion of our parts revenue. Thus, we believe the following factors have a significant impact on our operating results:
•CNH Industrial’s product offerings, reputation and market share;
•CNH Industrial’s product prices and incentive and discount programs;
•CNH Industrial's supply of inventory and ability to meet delivery timelines;
•CNH Industrial's implementation of an equipment allocation methodology for use in determining production slots in calendar year 2023;
•CNH Industrial's offering of floorplan payable financing for the purchase of a substantial portion of our inventory; and
•CNH Industrial's offering of financing and leasing used by our customers to purchase CNH Industrial equipment from us.
Credit Market Changes
Changes in credit markets can affect our customers' ability and willingness to make capital expenditures, including purchasing our equipment. Tight credit markets, a low level of liquidity in many financial markets, and extreme volatility in fixed income, credit, currency and equity markets have the potential to adversely affect our business. Such disruptions in the overall economy and financial markets and the related reduction in consumer confidence in the economy, slow activity in the capital markets, negatively affect access to credit on commercially acceptable terms, and may adversely impact our customers' access to credit and the terms of any such credit. However, if retail interest rates continue to rise, our business may be negatively affected by customers who find financing purchases of our equipment less attractive due to higher borrowing costs.
Our business is also particularly dependent on our access to credit markets to manage inventory and finance acquisitions. We cannot predict what future changes will occur in credit markets or how these changes will impact our business.
Inflation
Inflationary pressures have led to rising inventory and supply costs as well as increased labor costs. To date, in those instances in which we have experienced cost increases, we have been able to increase selling prices to offset much of the increases and expect to continue to do so in the future.
Significant Items Impacting Our Financial Position and Results of Operations
Heartland Acquisition
On August 1, 2022 we acquired all interests of three entities, Heartland Agriculture, LLC, Heartland Solutions, LLC, and Heartland Leveraged Lender, LLC, (collectively referred to as "Heartland Companies"). The acquired business consisted of 12 CaseIH commercial application agriculture locations, in the states of Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Our acquisition of these entities provides the Company the opportunity for synergies due to overlap of our footprints, which allows us to package deals that will include both commercial application equipment as well as other agricultural and construction equipment to commercial customers within our core footprint. Total cash consideration paid for the business was $94.4 million, which was financed through available cash resources and line of credit availability. The locations of the 12 Heartland Companies are included within our Agriculture segment.
Mark's Machinery Acquisition
On April 1, 2022, we acquired certain assets of Mark's Machinery, Inc. The acquired business consisted of two agricultural equipment stores in Wagner and Yankton, South Dakota. Total cash consideration paid for the business was $7.7 million which was financed through available cash resources. In conjunction with the acquisition, we purchased the real estate for $2.5 million which was financed with available cash and long term debt. The two Mark's Machinery locations are included within our Agriculture segment.
Fargo Tractor Divestiture
On March 1, 2022, we divested our consumer products store in Fargo, ND. The sale of this location resulted in a $1.4 dollar gain which is included in fiscal 2023 consolidated operating expenses. The gain on the sale is included in the Construction segment.
Montana and Wyoming Divestiture
On January 24, 2022, we divested four dealership locations in Billings, Great Falls, and Missoula, Montana and Gillette, Wyoming. The sale of these locations resulted in a $5.7 million gain which is included in fiscal 2022 consolidated operating expenses. The gain on the sale is included in the Construction segment.
Jaycox Acquisition
On December 1, 2021, we acquired certain assets of Jaycox Implement ("Jaycox"). The acquired business consisted of three CaseIH agriculture dealership locations in Worthington and Luverne, Minnesota and Lake Park, Iowa. Total cash consideration paid for the business was $28.2 million which was financed through available cash resources. In conjunction with the acquisition, we purchased the real estate for $5.5 million which was financed with available cash and long term debt. The three Jaycox locations are included within our Agriculture segment.
Key Financial Metrics
In addition to tracking our sales and expenses to evaluate our operational performance, we also monitor the following key financial metrics. The results of some of these metrics are discussed further throughout the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this Form 10-K.
Inventory Turnover
Inventory turnover measures the rate at which inventory is sold during the year. We calculate it by dividing cost of sales on equipment for the last twelve months by the average of the month-end balances of our equipment and parts inventories for the same twelve-month period. We believe that inventory turnover is an important management metric in evaluating the efficiency at which we are managing and selling our inventories.
Same-Store Results
Same-store results for any period represent results of operations by stores that were part of our Company for the entire comparable period in the preceding fiscal year. We do not distinguish relocated or newly-expanded stores in this same-store analysis.
Absorption
Absorption is an industry term that refers to the percentage of an equipment dealer's operating expense covered by the combined gross profit from parts, service and rental fleet activity. We calculate absorption by dividing our gross profit from
sales of parts, service and rental fleet by our operating expenses, less commission expense on equipment sales, plus interest expense on floorplan payables and rental fleet debt. We believe that absorption is an important management metric because during economic down cycles our customers tend to postpone new and used equipment purchases while continuing to run, maintain and repair their existing equipment. Thus, operating at a high absorption rate enables us to operate profitably throughout economic down cycles.
Dollar Utilization
Dollar utilization is a measurement of asset performance and profitability used in the rental industry. We calculate the dollar utilization of our rental fleet equipment by dividing the rental revenue earned on our rental fleet by the average gross carrying value of our rental fleet (comprised of original equipment costs plus additional capitalized costs) for that period. While our rental fleet has variable expenses related to repairs and maintenance, its primary expense for depreciation is fixed. Low dollar utilization of our rental fleet has a negative impact on gross profit margin and gross profit dollars due to the fixed depreciation component. However, high dollar utilization of our rental fleet has a positive impact on gross profit margin and gross profit dollars.
Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure defined as earnings before finance costs, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and is a metric frequently used to assess and evaluate financial performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a measure of financial performance, as a supplemental measure to evaluate the Company's overall operating performance and believes it provides a useful metric for comparability between periods and across entities within our industry by excluding differences in capital structure, income taxes, non-cash charges and certain activities that occur outside of the ordinary course of our business. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), adjusted for net interest (excluding floorplan interest expense), income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and items included in our non-GAAP reconciliation, for each of the respective periods. Adjusted EBITDA should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, or superior to, any GAAP measure of net income (loss). In addition, other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA in a different manner, which may hinder comparability with other companies. Refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income.
Key Financial Statement Components
Revenue
•Equipment: We derive equipment revenue from the sale of new and used agricultural and construction equipment.
•Parts: We derive parts revenue from the sale of parts for brands of equipment that we sell, other makes of equipment, and other types of equipment and related components. Our parts sales provide us with a relatively stable revenue stream that is less sensitive to the economic cycles that affect our equipment sales.
•Service: We derive service revenue from repair and maintenance services to our customers' equipment. Our repair and maintenance services provide a high-margin, relatively stable source of revenue through changing economic cycles.
•Rental and other: We derive other revenue from equipment rentals and ancillary equipment support activities such as equipment transportation, GPS signal subscriptions and reselling financial and insurance products.
Cost of Revenue
•Equipment: Cost of equipment revenue is the lower of the acquired cost or the net realizable value of the specific piece of equipment sold.
•Parts: Cost of parts revenue is the lower of the acquired cost or the market value of the parts sold, based on average costing.
•Service: Cost of service revenue represents costs attributable to services provided for the maintenance and repair of customer-owned equipment and equipment then on-rent by customers.
•Rental and other: Costs of other revenue represent costs associated with equipment rental, such as depreciation, maintenance and repairs, as well as costs associated providing transportation, hauling, parts freight, GPS subscriptions and damage waivers, including, among other items, drivers' wages, truck depreciation, fuel costs, shipping costs and our costs related to damage waiver policies.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include sales and marketing expenses, sales commissions (which generally are based upon equipment gross profit margins), payroll and related benefit costs, insurance expenses, professional fees, property rental and related costs, property and other taxes, administrative overhead, and depreciation associated with property and equipment (other than rental and trucking equipment).
Floorplan Interest
The cost of financing inventory is an important factor affecting our results of operations. Floorplan payable financing from CNH Industrial Capital, the Bank Syndicate Agreement, DLL Finance and various credit facilities related to our foreign subsidiaries represent the primary sources of financing for equipment inventories. CNH Industrial regularly offers interest-free periods as well as additional incentives and special offers. As of January 31, 2023, 82.4% of our floorplan payable financing was non-interest bearing.
Other Interest Expense
Interest expense represents the interest on our debt instruments, other than floorplan payable financing facilities. This includes long-term debt used to finance the purchase of real estate and vehicles.
Results of Operations
Comparative financial data for each of our four sources of revenue for fiscal 2023 and 2022 are presented below. The results include the acquisitions made during these periods. The year-to-year comparison included below is not necessarily indicative of future results. Information regarding segment revenue and income (loss) before income taxes is presented for each fiscal year following our discussion of the consolidated results of operations. Additional information regarding our segments is included in Note 21 of our consolidated financial statements. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| (dollars in thousands) |
Equipment | | | |
Revenue | $ | 1,711,559 | | | $ | 1,291,684 | |
Cost of revenue | 1,477,539 | | | 1,130,205 | |
Gross profit | $ | 234,020 | | | $ | 161,479 | |
Gross profit margin | 13.7 | % | | 12.5 | % |
Parts | | | |
Revenue | $ | 327,196 | | | $ | 266,916 | |
Cost of revenue | 220,418 | | | 186,324 | |
Gross profit | $ | 106,778 | | | $ | 80,592 | |
Gross profit margin | 32.6 | % | | 30.2 | % |
Service | | | |
Revenue | $ | 129,803 | | | $ | 115,641 | |
Cost of revenue | 46,208 | | | 38,771 | |
Gross profit | $ | 83,595 | | | $ | 76,870 | |
Gross profit margin | 64.4 | % | | 66.5 | % |
Rental and other | | | |
Revenue | $ | 40,748 | | | $ | 37,665 | |
Cost of revenue | 25,302 | | | 23,882 | |
Gross profit | $ | 15,446 | | | $ | 13,783 | |
Gross profit margin | 37.9 | % | | 36.6 | % |
The following table sets forth our statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue for the fiscal years indicated. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
Revenue | | | |
Equipment | 77.5 | % | | 75.4 | % |
Parts | 14.8 | % | | 15.6 | % |
Service | 5.9 | % | | 6.8 | % |
Rental and other | 1.8 | % | | 2.2 | % |
Total Revenue | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % |
Total Cost of Revenue | 80.1 | % | | 80.6 | % |
Gross Profit Margin | 19.9 | % | | 19.4 | % |
Operating Expenses | 13.6 | % | | 14.1 | % |
| | | |
Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets | — | % | | 0.1 | % |
| | | |
Income from Operations | 6.3 | % | | 5.3 | % |
Other Income (Expense) | (0.2) | % | | (0.2) | % |
Income Before Income Taxes | 6.1 | % | | 5.1 | % |
Provision for Income Taxes | 1.5 | % | | 1.2 | % |
Net Income | 4.6 | % | | 3.9 | % |
Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2023 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2022
Consolidated Results
Revenue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | Increase/ | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | (Decrease) | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Equipment | $ | 1,711,559 | | | $ | 1,291,684 | | | $ | 419,875 | | | 32.5 | % |
Parts | 327,196 | | | 266,916 | | | 60,280 | | | 22.6 | % |
Service | 129,803 | | | 115,641 | | | 14,162 | | | 12.2 | % |
Rental and other | 40,748 | | | 37,665 | | | 3,083 | | | 8.2 | % |
Total Revenue | $ | 2,209,306 | | | $ | 1,711,906 | | | $ | 497,400 | | | 29.1 | % |
The increase in total revenue for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022, was primarily the result of Company-wide same-store sales increase of 22.4% over the prior fiscal year and our acquisitions of Jaycox Implement, Mark's Machinery, and the Heartland Companies, completed in December 2021, April 2022, and August 2022, respectively, which was partially offset by the divestitures in Billings, Great Falls, and Missoula, Montana and Gillette, Wyoming, in January 2022, and Fargo, North Dakota in March 2022. The strong same store sales increase was primarily driven by agriculture equipment sales, which benefited from high demand levels that were supported by higher commodity prices and higher net farm income.
Gross Profit | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | Increase/ | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | (Decrease) | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Gross Profit | | | | | | | |
Equipment | $ | 234,020 | | | $ | 161,479 | | | $ | 72,541 | | | 44.9 | % |
Parts | 106,778 | | | 80,592 | | | 26,186 | | | 32.5 | % |
Service | 83,595 | | | 76,870 | | | 6,725 | | | 8.7 | % |
Rental and other | 15,446 | | | 13,783 | | | 1,663 | | | 12.1 | % |
Total Gross Profit | $ | 439,839 | | | $ | 332,724 | | | $ | 107,115 | | | 32.2 | % |
Gross Profit Margin | | | | | | | |
Equipment | 13.7 | % | | 12.5 | % | | 1.2 | % | | 9.6 | % |
Parts | 32.6 | % | | 30.2 | % | | 2.4 | % | | 7.9 | % |
Service | 64.4 | % | | 66.5 | % | | (2.1) | % | | (3.2) | % |
Rental and other | 37.9 | % | | 36.6 | % | | 1.3 | % | | 3.6 | % |
Total Gross Profit Margin | 19.9 | % | | 19.4 | % | | 0.5 | % | | 2.6 | % |
Gross Profit Mix | | | | | | | |
Equipment | 53.2 | % | | 48.6 | % | | 4.6 | % | | 9.5 | % |
Parts | 24.3 | % | | 24.2 | % | | 0.1 | % | | 0.4 | % |
Service | 19.0 | % | | 23.1 | % | | (4.1) | % | | (17.7) | % |
Rental and other | 3.5 | % | | 4.1 | % | | (0.6) | % | | (14.6) | % |
Total Gross Profit Mix | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | | | |
Gross profit increased 32.2% or $107.1 million from fiscal 2022 to fiscal 2023, primarily due to higher revenue and gross profit from our equipment and parts business. Gross profit margin increased from 19.4% in fiscal 2022 to 19.9% in fiscal 2023. The increase in overall gross profit margin was primarily due to stronger equipment margins, which were positively impacted by favorable end market conditions.
Our Company-wide absorption rate declined to 82.7% for fiscal 2023 as compared to 84.6% during fiscal 2022. The absorption rate in both years was favorably impacted by gains recognized on divestitures in our Construction segment. There was a gain of $1.4 million recognized on the divestiture of our consumer products store in North Dakota in the fist quarter of fiscal 2023, and a $5.7 million gain recognized on the divestiture of one Wyoming and three Montana stores in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. Excluding these divestiture related gains, absorption was flat at 82.2%.
Operating Expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | Increase/ | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | (Decrease) | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Operating Expenses | $ | 301,516 | | | $ | 241,044 | | | $ | 60,472 | | | 25.1 | % |
Operating Expenses as a Percentage of Revenue | 13.6 | % | | 14.1 | % | | (0.5) | % | | (3.5) | % |
Operating expenses for fiscal 2023 increased $60.5 million, as compared to fiscal 2022. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to variable expenses associated with increased sales as well as acquisitions that have occurred in the last fourteen months. In fiscal 2023, operating expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 13.6% from 14.1% in fiscal 2022. The decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue was due to the increase in total revenue in fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022, which positively affected our ability to leverage our fixed operating costs.
Impairment Charges | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | Decrease | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
| | | | | | | |
Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets | — | | | 1,498 | | | (1,498) | | | n/m |
| | | | | | | |
During fiscal 2023, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges. In fiscal 2022, the Company recognized $1.5 million of impairment charges related to certain intangible and long-lived assets, in our International segment.
Other Income (Expense) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | Increase/ | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | (Decrease) | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Interest and other income (expense) | $ | 3,862 | | | $ | 2,431 | | | $ | 1,431 | | | 58.9 | % |
Floorplan interest expense | (1,875) | | | (1,175) | | | 700 | | | 59.6 | % |
Other interest expense | (5,069) | | | (4,537) | | | 532 | | | 11.7 | % |
The increase in interest and other income (expense) compared to fiscal 2022 is primarily the result of a strengthening U.S. dollar relative to the Euro thus creating foreign currency gains in fiscal 2023. The increase in floorplan interest expense for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022, was primarily due to increased interest-bearing borrowings. The increase in other interest expense in fiscal 2023 is the result of an increased amount of long term debt resulting from real estate purchased via acquisition or the buyout of previously leased facilities in fiscal 2022 and 2023.
Provision for Income Taxes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | Increase | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Provision for Income Taxes | $ | 33,373 | | | $ | 20,854 | | | $ | 12,519 | | | 60.0 | % |
Our effective tax rate increased from 24.0% in fiscal 2022 to 24.7% in fiscal 2023. The effective tax rate for each of the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, is subject to variation due to factors such as impact of certain discrete items, mainly the vesting of share-based compensation, the mix of domestic and foreign income and the impact of valuation allowances on certain of our foreign deferred tax assets.
See Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements for further details on our effective tax rate.
Segment Results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, | | Increase/ | | Percent |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | (Decrease) | | Change |
| (dollars in thousands) | | |
Revenue | | | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 1,601,720 | | | $ | 1,076,751 | | | $ | 524,969 | | | 48.8 | % |
Construction | 308,457 | | | 317,164 | | | (8,707) | | | (2.7) | % |
International | 299,129 | | | 317,991 | | | (18,862) | | | (5.9) | % |
Total | $ | 2,209,306 | | | $ | 1,711,906 | | | $ | 497,400 | | | 29.1 | % |
| | | | | | | |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | | | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 102,733 | | | $ | 60,567 | | | $ | 42,166 | | | 69.6 | % |
Construction | 18,569 | | | 15,543 | | | 3,026 | | | 19.5 | % |
International | 20,197 | | | 12,552 | | | 7,645 | | | 60.9 | % |
Segment income before income taxes | 141,499 | | | 88,662 | | | 52,837 | | | 59.6 | % |
Shared Resources | (6,258) | | | (1,761) | | | (4,497) | | | n/m |
Total | $ | 135,241 | | | $ | 86,901 | | | $ | 48,340 | | | 55.6 | % |
Agriculture
Agriculture segment revenue for fiscal 2023 increased 48.8% or $525.0 million compared to the same period last year. The higher revenue was driven primarily by an increase in same-store sales of 29.3% for fiscal 2023, as compared to fiscal 2022, as well as the acquisitions of Jaycox Implement, Mark's Machinery, and the Heartland Companies in December 2021, April 2022, and August 2022, respectively. The same-store sales increase was driven by increased demand for equipment due to higher commodity prices and higher net farm income.
Agriculture segment income before income taxes for fiscal 2023 improved by $42.2 million or 69.6% compared to fiscal 2022. The improvement in segment results was primarily the result of higher equipment revenue along with stronger gross profit margin on equipment driven by increased demand.
Construction
Construction segment revenue for fiscal 2023 decreased 2.7% or $8.7 million compared to fiscal 2022. However, when accounting for the divestitures of the Billings, Great Falls, and Missoula, Montana and Gillette, Wyoming stores in January 2022, and the North Dakota consumer products store in March 2022, same-store sales increased 25.7%. Higher same-store sales were driven by increased construction activity throughout our footprint.
The Construction segment income before income taxes was $18.6 million for fiscal 2023 compared to income of $15.5 million for the prior year. The improvement in segment results was primarily due to increased construction activity within our footprint and an increase in rental fleet utilization. The dollar utilization of our rental fleet increased from 26.5% in fiscal 2022 to 30.2% in fiscal 2023. The prior year benefited from a $5.7 million gain on the divestitures of the Billings, Great Falls, and Missoula, Montana and Gillette, Wyoming stores in January 2022.
International
International segment revenue for fiscal 2023 decreased 5.9% or $18.9 million compared to fiscal 2022. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to a 10.9% devaluation of the Euro, the functional currency in much of our international footprint, but was partially offset by higher commodity prices which drove demand for equipment sales, in fiscal 2023. Revenue, net of the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, was up 4.2% or $13.3 million compared to fiscal 2022. The segment was also negatively impacted by a 40.5% decrease in revenues from our Ukrainian subsidiary due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, compared to fiscal 2022.
Our International segment income before income taxes was $20.2 million for fiscal 2023, compared to $12.6 million for fiscal 2022. The higher segment results were primarily the result of improved gross profit margin for our three main revenue streams, equipment, parts, and service. There were no fixed or intangible asset impairment charges recognized in fiscal 2023, while $1.5 million of charges were recognized in fiscal 2022 related to the impairment of certain intangible and long-lived assets of our German subsidiary.
Shared Resources/Eliminations
We incur centralized expenses/income at our general corporate level, which we refer to as “Shared Resources,” and then allocate most of these net expenses to our segments. Since these allocations are set early in the year, and a portion is planned to be unallocated, unallocated balances may occur and cause a difference in reported shared resource expense. Shared Resource loss before income taxes was $6.3 million for fiscal 2023 compared to $1.8 million for fiscal 2022. Aside from the allocation difference, the lower shared resources results were driven by $1.1 million of acquisition related expenses incurred for the Heartland Companies acquisition.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our net income and diluted earnings per share ("diluted EPS"), both GAAP measures, we present, and our management utilizes, adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, and adjusted EBITDA, all non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, these non-GAAP financial measures include adjustments for items such as impairment charges and foreign currency remeasurement gains/losses in Ukraine. Furthermore, we calculate adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), adjusted for net interest (excluding floorplan interest expense), income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and the adjustments included in our non-GAAP reconciliation as described above, for each of the respective periods. We believe that the presentation of adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS and adjusted EBITDA is relevant and useful to our management and investors because they each provide a measurement of earnings on activities that we consider to occur in the ordinary course of our business. In addition, our management uses adjusted EBITDA, as a supplemental measure of financial performance, to evaluate the Company's overall operating performance and believes it provides a useful metric for comparability between periods and across entities within our industry by excluding differences in capital structure, income taxes, non-cash charges and certain activities that occur outside of the ordinary course of our business. Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, and adjusted EBITDA should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, or superior to, the most comparable GAAP financial measure. In addition, other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures in a different manner, which may hinder comparability of our results with those of other companies.
The following tables reconcile net income and diluted EPS, GAAP financial measures, to adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, and adjusted EBITDA, all non-GAAP financial measures. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| (dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
Adjusted Net Income | | | |
Net Income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | |
Adjustments | | | |
| | | |
Impairment charges | — | | | 1,498 | |
Ukraine remeasurement (gain) / loss | 777 | | | (263) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Total Adjustments (1) | 777 | | | 1,235 | |
Adjusted Net Income | $ | 102,645 | | | $ | 67,282 | |
| | | |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | | | |
Diluted EPS | $ | 4.49 | | | $ | 2.92 | |
Adjustments (2) | | | |
| | | |
Impairment charges | — | | | 0.07 | |
Ukraine remeasurement (gain) / loss | 0.03 | | | (0.01) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Total Adjustments (1) | 0.03 | | | 0.06 | |
Adjusted Diluted EPS | $ | 4.52 | | | $ | 2.98 | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| (dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
Adjusted EBITDA | | | |
Net Income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | |
Adjustments | | | |
Interest expense, net of interest income | 4,730 | | | 4,208 | |
Provision for income taxes | 33,373 | | | 20,854 | |
Depreciation and amortization | 25,197 | | | 22,139 | |
EBITDA | 165,168 | | | 113,248 | |
Adjustments | | | |
| | | |
Impairment charges | — | | | 1,498 | |
Ukraine remeasurement (gain) / loss | 777 | | | (263) | |
Total Adjustments | 777 | | | 1,235 | |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 165,945 | | | $ | 114,483 | |
(1)Due to the income tax valuation allowance on the Ukrainian and German subsidiaries, there are no tax adjustments of the Ukraine remeasurement (gain)/loss or the impairment charge.
(2)Adjustments are net of the impact of amounts allocated to participating securities where applicable
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash reserves, cash generated from operations, and borrowings under our floorplan payable and other credit facilities. We expect these sources of liquidity to be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, acquisitions, capital expenditures and other investments in our business, service our debt, pay our tax and lease obligations and other commitments and contingencies, and meet any seasonal operating requirements for the foreseeable future, provided, however, that our borrowing capacity under our credit agreements is dependent on compliance with various financial covenants as further described in Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. We have worked in the past, and will continue to work in the future if necessary, with our lenders to implement satisfactory modifications to these financial covenants when appropriate for the business conditions confronted by us.
Equipment Inventory and Floorplan Payable Credit Facilities
Floorplan payable balances reflect the amount owed for new equipment inventory purchased from a manufacturer and used equipment inventory, which is primarily purchased through trade-in on equipment sales, net of unamortized debt issuance costs incurred for floorplan credit facilities. Certain of the manufacturers from which we purchase new equipment inventory offer financing on these purchases, either offered directly from the manufacturer or through the manufacturers’ captive finance affiliate. CNH Industrial's captive finance subsidiary, CNH Industrial Capital, also provides financing of used equipment inventory. We also have floorplan payable balances with non-manufacturer lenders for new and used equipment inventory. Borrowings and repayments on manufacturer floorplan facilities are reported as operating cash flows, while borrowings and repayments on non-manufacturer floorplan facilities are reported as financing cash flows in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
As of January 31, 2023, we had floorplan payable lines of credit for equipment purchases totaling $781.0 million, which includes a $500.0 million credit facility with CNH Industrial Capital, a $185.0 million floorplan payable line under the Bank Syndicate Agreement, a $50.0 million credit facility with DLL Finance, and additional credit facilities related to our foreign subsidiaries. Available borrowing capacity under these lines of credit are reduced by amounts outstanding under such facilities, borrowing base calculations and amount of standby letters of credit outstanding with respect to the Bank Syndicate Agreement, and certain acquisition-related financing arrangements with respect to the CNH Industrial Capital credit facility. As of January 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants under its credit agreements. Additional details on each of these credit facilities are disclosed in Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
As of January 31, 2023, the Company was not subject to the fixed charge ratio covenant under the Bank Syndicate Agreement as our adjusted excess availability plus eligible cash collateral (as defined in the Bank Syndicate Agreement) was not less than 15% of the total amount of the credit facility. Please refer to Note 8 to our consolidated financial statement included in Item 8 for further information regarding the Company's line of credit.
Our equipment inventory turnover decreased slightly to 3.3 times for fiscal 2023 compared to 3.4 times for fiscal 2022. Our equipment inventory balance increased 65.1% from January 31, 2022 to January 31, 2023. The decrease in equipment turnover was primarily due to the increase in average equipment inventory in fiscal 2023 as compared to fiscal 2022 but was mostly offset by an increase in equipment cost of sales over these time periods. Our equity in equipment inventory, which reflects the portion of our equipment inventory balance that is not financed by floorplan payables, decreased to 51.7% as of January 31, 2023, from 58.2% as of January 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to drawing on our floorplan loan with the Bank Syndicate to finance acquisitions in fiscal 2023.
Long-Term Debt Facilities
As of January 31, 2023, we had a $65.0 million working capital line of credit under the Bank Syndicate Agreement (the "Revolver Loan"). The Revolver Loan is used to finance our working capital requirements and fund certain capital expenditures, as needed. As of January 31, 2023, the Company did not have a need to utilize any of the Revolver Loan, as such the outstanding balance was zero. The Company works with various lenders to finance the purchase of real estate we currently lease or are acquiring through an acquisition. The Company may also decide in the future to finance a portion of our rental fleet as well as our capital expenditures using long-term debt from various lenders.
Adequacy of Capital Resources
Our primary uses of cash have been to fund our operating activities, including the purchase of inventory and providing for other working capital needs; meeting our debt service requirements; making payments due under our various leasing arrangements; and funding capital expenditures, including the purchase of rental fleet assets. The primary factor affecting our ability to generate cash and to meet cash requirements, is our operating performance as impacted by (i) industry factors, (ii) competition, (iii) general economic conditions, (iv) the timing and extent of acquisitions, and (v) business and other factors including those identified in Item 1A "Risk Factors" and discussed in this Form 10-K.
Our ability to service our debt will depend upon our ability to generate necessary cash. This will in turn depend on our future acquisition activity, operating performance, general economic conditions, and financial, competitive, business and other factors, some of which are beyond our immediate control. Based on our current operational performance, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash, and available borrowings under our existing credit facilities will be adequate to meet our liquidity needs beyond the next 12 months.
In fiscal 2023, we used $10.0 million in cash for rental fleet purchases and $27.2 million in cash for property and equipment purchases and financed $6.4 million in property and equipment purchases with long-term debt and finance leases. The property and equipment purchases in fiscal 2023 primarily related to improvements to, or purchases of, real estate assets and the purchase of vehicles. In fiscal 2022, we used $14.6 million in cash for rental fleet purchases, $23.0 million in cash for property and equipment purchases, and financed $14.6 million in property and equipment purchases with long-term debt. The property and equipment purchases in fiscal 2022 primarily related to the purchase of vehicles, trucks and real estate. We expect our cash expenditures for property and equipment, exclusive of rental fleet purchases, for fiscal 2024 to be approximately $35.0 million and expect cash expenditures for our rental fleet for fiscal 2024 to be approximately $12.0 million. The actual amount of our fiscal 2024 capital expenditures will depend upon factors such as general economic conditions, growth prospects for our industry and our decisions regarding financing and leasing options. We currently expect to finance property and equipment purchases with borrowings under our existing credit facilities, financing with long-term debt, with available cash or with cash flow from operations. We may need to incur additional debt if we pursue any future acquisitions.
There can be no assurances, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available under the credit facilities with the Bank Syndicate, CNH Industrial Capital and DLL Finance in amounts sufficient to allow us to service our indebtedness and to meet our other commitments. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or to obtain sufficient future borrowings, we may be required to seek one or more alternatives such as refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness, selling material assets or operations or seeking to raise additional debt or equity capital. There can be no assurances that we will be able to succeed with one of these alternatives on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, if we pursue strategic acquisitions, we may require additional equity or debt financing to consummate the transactions, and we cannot assure you that we will succeed in obtaining this financing on favorable terms or at all. If we incur additional indebtedness to finance any of these transactions, this may place increased demands on our cash flow from operations to service the resulting increased debt. Our existing debt agreements contain restrictive covenants that may restrict our ability to adopt any of these alternatives. Any non-compliance by us under the terms
of our debt agreements could result in an event of default which, if not cured, could result in the acceleration of our debt. We have met all financial covenants under these credit agreements as of January 31, 2023. If anticipated operating results create the likelihood of a future covenant violation, we would seek to work with our lenders on an appropriate modification or amendment to our financing arrangements.
We enter into contractual obligations in the ordinary course of business that may require future cash payments. Such obligations include, but are not limited to, debt arrangements, leasing arrangements, and costs related to Information Technology ("IT"), including ERP expenses. The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information in regard to Long Term Debt (Note 10) and Leases (Note 13). Other purchase obligations consist primarily of IT related expenses with estimated cash payments of $4.7 million for fiscal 2024, as well as a combined $4.7 million for fiscal years 2025, 2026, and 2027.
Cash Flow
Cash Flow Provided By Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2023 was $10.8 million compared to $158.9 million in fiscal 2022. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities is primarily the result of an increasing inventory balance and a decrease in deferred revenue which were partially offset by an increase in net income and manufacturer floorplan payable balance during fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022.
Cash Flow Used For Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities is primarily comprised of cash used for property and equipment purchases, including rental fleet purchases, and for business acquisitions.
Net cash used for investing activities was $134.1 million in fiscal 2023, compared to $55.2 million in fiscal 2022. The driver was an increase in acquisition activity, as the Company utilized $100.5 million of cash for acquisitions in fiscal 2023, compared to $33.6 million in the prior year.
Cash Flow Provided By (Used For) Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $22.0 million in fiscal 2023, compared to net cash used for financing activities of $35.3 million in fiscal 2022. In fiscal 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was the result of increased non-manufacturer floorplan payables, which was used to finance acquisitions in fiscal 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
In the preparation of financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), we are required to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the related disclosures. While we believe the estimates and judgments we use in preparing our financial statements are appropriate, they are subject to future events and uncertainties regarding their outcome and therefore actual results may materially differ from these estimates. We describe in Note 1, Business Activity and Significant Accounting Polices, of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements the significant accounting policies used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. We consider the following items in our consolidated financial statements to require significant estimation or judgment.
Revenue Recognition
Equipment revenue transactions include the sale of agricultural and construction equipment and often include both cash and noncash consideration received from our customers, with noncash consideration in the form of used, trade-in, equipment assets. The amount of revenue recognized in the sale transaction is dependent on the value assigned to the trade-in asset. Significant judgment is required to estimate the value of trade-in assets. We assign value based on the estimated selling price for that piece of equipment in the applicable market, less a gross profit amount to be realized at the time the trade-in asset is sold and an estimate of any reconditioning work required to ready the asset for sale. We estimate future selling prices of trade-in assets using various external industry data and relevant internal information, and consider the impact of various factors including model year, hours of use, overall condition, and other equipment specifications. Our estimates of the value of trade-in assets are impacted by changing market values of used equipment and the availability of relevant and reliable third-party data. In instances in which relevant third-party information is not available, the value assigned to trade-in equipment is dependent on internal judgments.
Inventories
New and used equipment inventories are stated at the lower of cost (specific identification) or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The majority of our used equipment inventory is acquired through trade-ins from our customers and is initially measured and recognized based on the estimated future selling price of the equipment, less a gross profit amount to be realized when the trade-in asset is sold and an estimate of any reconditioning work required to ready the asset for sale. Subsequent to the initial recognition, all new and used equipment inventories are subject to lower of cost or net realizable value assessments. We estimate net realizable value using internal information, management judgment and third-party data that considers various factors including age and condition of equipment, hours of use and market conditions. Generally, used equipment prices are more volatile to changes in market conditions than prices for new equipment due to incentive programs that may be offered by manufacturers to assist in the sale of new equipment. We review our equipment inventory values and adjust them whenever the carrying amount exceeds the estimated net realizable value.
Parts inventories are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. We estimate net realizable value of our parts inventories based on various factors including aging and sales history of each type of parts inventory.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and operating lease assets. We review these assets for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of such assets to their carrying values. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, the carrying value is considered recoverable and no impairment recognition is required. However, if the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset, the second step of the impairment analysis must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment, if any. The second step of the impairment analysis compares the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset to its carrying value and any amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value is recognized as an impairment charge.
When reviewing long-lived assets for impairment, we group long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Long-lived assets deployed and used by individual store locations are reviewed for impairment at the individual store level. Other long-lived assets shared across stores within a segment or shared across segments are reviewed for impairment on a segment or consolidated level as appropriate.
During our 2023 fiscal year, we determined that events or circumstances were present that may indicate that the carrying amount of certain of our store long-lived assets might not be recoverable. The events or circumstances which indicated that certain of our store long-lived assets might not be recoverable included a current period operating loss combined with historical losses and anticipated future operating losses within certain of our stores, or an expectation that a long-lived asset (or asset group) will be disposed of before the end of its previously estimated useful life. In light of these circumstances, we performed step one of the impairment analysis for these assets, which have a combined carrying value of $12.6 million, to determine if the asset values are recoverable. In all cases, our analyses indicated that the carrying values are recoverable based on our estimates of future undiscounted cash flows under step one of the impairment analysis.
Our impairment analyses require significant judgment, including identification of the grouping of long-lived and other assets and liabilities for impairment testing, estimates of future cash flows arising from these groups of assets and liabilities, and estimates of the remaining useful lives of the long-lived assets being evaluated. Our estimates inherently include a degree of uncertainty and are impacted by macroeconomic and industry conditions, the competitive environment and other factors. Adverse changes in any of these factors in future periods could result in impairment charges in future periods which could materially impact our results of operations and financial position.
Income Taxes
In determining our provision for income taxes, we must make certain judgments and estimates, including an assessment of the realizability of our deferred tax assets. In evaluating our ability to realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including our historical operating results and our expectation of future taxable income, the availability to implement prudent tax-planning strategies, and the carryforward periods over which the assets may be realized. These assumptions require significant judgment and estimation.
In reviewing our deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2023, we concluded that a full valuation allowance continued to be warranted on our Ukrainian and German subsidiaries and our Luxembourg holding company. Due to continued improved performance, a release of the remaining valuation allowance on the Company's Bulgarian subsidiary was recorded. In total, valuation allowances of $6.5 million exist for our international entities as of January 31, 2023.
At the end of fiscal year ended January 31, 2022, the Company concluded a full valuation allowance continued to be warranted on our Ukrainian subsidiary. It was also concluded that a full valuation allowance was warranted on our German subsidiary and we also recorded a full valuation allowance of our Luxembourg holding company. Due to improved performance, a partial release of a valuation allowance for the Company's Bulgarian subsidiary was recorded. In total, valuation allowances of $6.0 million existed for certain of our international entities as of January 31, 2022.
The initial recognition of, and any changes in, a deferred tax asset valuation allowance are recorded to the provision for income taxes and impacts our effective tax rate. Our assessment of the need for, and magnitude of, valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets may be impacted by changes in tax laws, our assumptions regarding the ability to generate future taxable income and the availability of tax-planning strategies. Changes in any of these factors could lead to a change in the recognized valuation allowance which may impact our future results of operations and financial position.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1, Business Activity and Significant Accounting Polices, of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of new accounting pronouncements recently adopted or not yet adopted and the impact or anticipated impact of such pronouncements to our consolidated financial statements.
Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements. We include "forward-looking" information in this Form 10-K, including this Item 7, as well as in other materials filed or to be filed by us with the SEC (as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us).
This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: "anticipate," "believe," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "ongoing," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "will," "would," or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information. Our forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K generally relate to the following:
•our beliefs and intentions with respect to our growth strategies, including growth through strategic acquisitions, the types of acquisition targets we intend to pursue, the availability of suitable acquisition targets, the industry climate for dealer consolidation, and our ability to implement our growth strategies;
•our beliefs with respect to factors that will affect demand and seasonality of purchasing in the agricultural and construction industries;
•our beliefs with respect to our primary supplier (CNH Industrial) of equipment and parts inventory;
•our beliefs with respect to the equipment market, our competitors and our competitive advantages;
•our beliefs with respect to the impact of U.S federal government policies on the agriculture economy;
•our beliefs with respect to the impact of commodity prices for the fossil fuels and other commodities on our operating results;
•our beliefs with respect to the impact of government regulations;
•our beliefs with respect to our business strengths and the diversity of our customer base;
•our plans and beliefs with respect to real property used in our business;
•our plans and beliefs regarding future sales, sales mix, and marketing activities;
•our beliefs and assumptions regarding the payment of dividends;
•our beliefs and assumptions regarding valuation reserves, equipment inventory balances, fixed operating expenses, and absorption rate;
•our beliefs and expectations regarding the impact of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict on our Ukrainian operations;
•our beliefs and assumptions with respect to our rental equipment operations;
•our beliefs with respect to our employee relations;
•our assumptions, beliefs and expectations with respect to past and future market conditions, including interest rates, and public infrastructure spending, new environmental standards, and the impact these conditions will have on our operating results;
•our beliefs with respect to the impact of our credit agreements, including future interest expense, limits on corporate transactions, financial covenant compliance, and ability to negotiate amendments or waivers, if needed;
•our beliefs with respect to the impact of increase or decrease in applicable foreign exchange rates;
•our plans and assumptions for future capital expenditures and rental fleet purchases;
•our cash needs, sources of liquidity, and the adequacy of our working capital.
Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information. Important assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions regarding demand for our products, the expansion of product offerings geographically, the timing and cost of planned capital expenditures, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Forward-looking statements also involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results that differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the impact of the Russian-Ukraine military conflict on our operations in Ukraine;
•assumptions regarding our cash needs and the amount of inventory we need on hand;
•general economic conditions and construction activity in the markets where we operate;
•our dependence on CNH Industrial, our primary supplier of equipment and parts inventory, and our relationships with other equipment suppliers;
•the terms of the CNH dealer agreements that subject us to restrictions that may adversely impact our business and growth;
•the risks associated with our international operations;
•risks resulting from the implementation or design of our new ERP system;
•risks resulting from the impact of the enactment of "right to repair" legislation;
•the impact of security breaches and other disruptions to our information system;
•our level of indebtedness and ability to comply with the terms of agreements governing our indebtedness;
•the risks associated with the expansion of our business;
•the risks resulting from outbreaks or other public health crises, including the continuing impact of COVID-19 on our business;
•the potential inability to integrate any businesses we acquire;
•competitive pressures;
•significant fluctuations in the price of our common stock;
•risks related to our dependence on our information technology systems and the impact of potential breaches and other disruptions;
•compliance with laws and regulations; and
•other factors discussed under "Risk Factors" or elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
You should read the risk factors and the other cautionary statements made in this Form 10-K as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Form 10-K. We cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified timeframe, if at all. Other than as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even though our situation may change in the future.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.
Interest Rate Risk
Exposure to changes in interest rates results from borrowing activities used to fund operations. For fixed rate debt, interest rate changes affect the fair value of financial instruments but do not impact earnings or cash flows. Conversely, for floating rate debt, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair market value but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. We have both fixed and floating rate financing. Some of our floating rate credit facilities contain minimum rates of interest to be charged. Based upon our interest-bearing balances and interest rates as of January 31, 2023, holding other variables constant, a one percentage point increase in interest rates for the next 12-month period would decrease pre-tax earnings and cash flow by approximately $0.5 million. Conversely, a one percentage point decrease in interest rates for the next 12-month period would result in an increase to pre-tax earnings and cash flow of approximately $0.5 million. At January 31, 2023, we had total floorplan payables outstanding of $258.4 million, of which $45.4 million was interest-bearing at variable interest rates and $213.0 million was non-interest bearing. In addition, at January 31, 2023, we had total long-term debt outstanding and finance lease liabilities of $99.6 million, primarily all of which is fixed rate debt.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our foreign currency exposures arise as the result of our foreign operations. We are exposed to transactional foreign currency exchange rate risk through our foreign entities holding assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. In addition, the Company is exposed to foreign currency transaction risk as a result of certain intercompany financing transactions. The Company attempts to manage its transactional foreign currency exchange rate risk through the use of derivative financial instruments, primarily foreign exchange forward contracts, or through natural hedging instruments. Based upon balances and exchange rates as of January 31, 2023, holding other variables constant, we believe that a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in all applicable foreign exchange rates would not have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. As of January 31, 2023, our Ukrainian subsidiary had $(0.2) million of net monetary assets denominated in Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH). We have attempted to minimize our net monetary asset position through reducing overall asset levels in Ukraine and through borrowing in UAH which serves as a natural hedging instrument offsetting our net UAH denominated assets. Many of the currency and payment controls the National Bank of Ukraine imposed in February 2022, have been relaxed, making it more practicable to manage our UAH exposure. However, the continuation of the Russia/Ukraine conflict could lead to more significant UAH devaluations, similar to the 24% devaluation that occurred in July 2022, or more stringent payment controls in the future. The inability to fully manage our net monetary asset position and continued UAH devaluations for an extended period of time, could have a significant adverse impact on our results of operations and cash flows.
In addition to transactional foreign currency exchange rate risk, we are also exposed to translational foreign currency exchange rate risk as we translate the results of operations and assets and liabilities of our foreign operations from their functional currency to the U.S. dollar. As a result, our results of operations, cash flows and net investment in our foreign operations may be adversely impacted by fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. We believe that a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in all applicable foreign exchange rates, holding all other variables constant, would not have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The Consolidated Balance Sheets of the Company as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, and the related Consolidated Statements of Operations, Comprehensive Income, Stockholders' Equity, and Cash Flows for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and the notes thereto, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | | | | | |
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Titan Machinery Inc.—Financial Statements | |
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID No. 34) | |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022 | |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | |
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 | |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Titan Machinery Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Titan Machinery Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2023, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Part IV, Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 30, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Inventories – Valuation of Used Equipment Inventories — Refer to Notes 1 and 5 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The majority of the Company’s used equipment inventories are acquired through trade-ins from customers. Used equipment acquired through a trade-in or during business combinations is recorded at fair value less a normal gross profit margin. The Company determines fair value for the traded-in equipment through internal and third-party data that considers various factors including the age and condition of the equipment, hours of use, and market conditions. The Company’s used equipment inventories are stated at the lower of cost (specific identification) or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company periodically subjects used equipment inventories to lower of cost or net realizable value assessments and adjusts carrying values when such values exceed estimated net realizable value. The Company estimates net realizable value using internal and third-party data that considers various factors including the age and condition of the equipment, hours of use, and market conditions. The used equipment inventories balance as of January 31, 2023 was $164.8 million.
Given the significant judgments made by management to determine the initial fair value and subsequent net realizable value of used equipment inventories, performing audit procedures to evaluate these judgments to determine the valuation of used equipment inventories required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to management’s judgments regarding the valuation of used equipment inventories included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the valuation of used equipment inventories, including the reasonableness of various factors including the age and condition of the equipment, hours of use, and market conditions, used to determine the net realizable value of the equipment.
•We tested the effectiveness of controls over the internal and external data used to determine the valuation of used equipment inventories.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s judgments utilized to determine the fair value or net realizable value of the used equipment inventories by:
•Evaluating the reasonableness and consistency of the methodology and assumptions used by management to determine fair value or net realizable value, as applicable.
•Testing the underlying determination of the fair value or net realizable value by obtaining sales documentation containing the age of the equipment and hours of use and comparing it to comparable internal and external data.
•Performing a retrospective lookback analysis of management’s process by comparing the actual selling prices of used equipment inventories units sold in the current year to the selling prices estimated by management for those units in the prior year, as applicable.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 30, 2023
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Titan Machinery Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Titan Machinery Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended January 31, 2023, of the Company and our report dated March 30, 2023, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
As detailed in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Heartland Agriculture, LLC, Heartland Solutions, LLC, Heartland Leveraged Lender, LLC (“collectively the Heartland Companies”), which were acquired on August 1, 2022, and whose financial statements constitute 5.7% of total assets and 4.7% of total revenue of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended January 31, 2023. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at the Heartland Companies.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
March 30, 2023
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JANUARY 31, 2023 AND 2022
(in thousands, except per share data) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
Assets | | | |
Current Assets | | | |
Cash | $ | 43,913 | | | $ | 146,149 | |
Receivables, net of allowance for expected credit losses | 95,844 | | | 94,287 | |
Inventories | 703,939 | | | 421,758 | |
Prepaid expenses and other | 25,554 | | | 28,135 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Total current assets | 869,250 | | | 690,329 | |
Noncurrent Assets | | | |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | 217,782 | | | 178,243 | |
Operating lease assets | 50,206 | | | 56,150 | |
Deferred income taxes | 1,246 | | | 1,328 | |
Goodwill | 30,622 | | | 8,952 | |
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | 18,411 | | | 10,624 | |
Other | 1,178 | | | 1,041 | |
Total noncurrent assets | 319,445 | | | 256,338 | |
Total Assets | $ | 1,188,695 | | | $ | 946,667 | |
| | | |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | | | |
Current Liabilities | | | |
Accounts payable | $ | 40,834 | | | $ | 25,644 | |
Floorplan payable | 258,372 | | | 135,415 | |
| | | |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 7,241 | | | 5,876 | |
Current maturities of operating leases | 9,855 | | | 9,601 | |
Deferred revenue | 119,845 | | | 134,146 | |
Accrued expenses and other | 58,159 | | | 59,339 | |
Income taxes payable | 3,845 | | | 4,700 | |
| | | |
Total current liabilities | 498,151 | | | 374,721 | |
Long-Term Liabilities | | | |
Long-term debt, less current maturities | 89,950 | | | 74,772 | |
Operating lease liabilities | 48,513 | | | 55,595 | |
Deferred income taxes | 9,563 | | | 2,006 | |
Other long-term liabilities | 6,212 | | | 4,374 | |
Total long-term liabilities | 154,238 | | | 136,747 | |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 12) | | | |
Stockholders' Equity | | | |
Common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, 45,000,000 shares authorized; 22,697,761 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2023; 22,587,859 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2022 | — | | | — | |
Additional paid-in-capital | 256,541 | | | 254,455 | |
Retained earnings | 284,784 | | | 182,916 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5,019) | | | (2,172) | |
Total stockholders' equity | 536,306 | | | 435,199 | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 1,188,695 | | | $ | 946,667 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(in thousands, except per share data) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Revenue | | | | | |
Equipment | $ | 1,711,559 | | | $ | 1,291,684 | | | $ | 1,016,071 | |
Parts | 327,196 | | | 266,916 | | | 244,676 | |
Service | 129,803 | | | 115,641 | | | 107,229 | |
Rental and other | 40,748 | | | 37,665 | | | 43,246 | |
Total Revenue | 2,209,306 | | | 1,711,906 | | | 1,411,222 | |
Cost of Revenue | | | | | |
Equipment | 1,477,539 | | | 1,130,205 | | | 911,170 | |
Parts | 220,418 | | | 186,324 | | | 171,873 | |
Service | 46,208 | | | 38,771 | | | 36,692 | |
Rental and other | 25,302 | | | 23,882 | | | 30,125 | |
Total Cost of Revenue | 1,769,467 | | | 1,379,182 | | | 1,149,860 | |
Gross Profit | 439,839 | | | 332,724 | | | 261,362 | |
Operating Expenses | 301,516 | | | 241,044 | | | 220,774 | |
Impairment of Goodwill | — | | | — | | | 1,453 | |
Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets | — | | | 1,498 | | | 1,727 | |
| | | | | |
Income from Operations | 138,323 | | | 90,182 | | | 37,408 | |
Other Income (Expense) | | | | | |
Interest and other income | 3,862 | | | 2,431 | | | 527 | |
Floorplan interest expense | (1,875) | | | (1,175) | | | (3,339) | |
Other interest expense | (5,069) | | | (4,537) | | | (3,843) | |
Income Before Income Taxes | 135,241 | | | 86,901 | | | 30,753 | |
Provision for Income Taxes | 33,373 | | | 20,854 | | | 11,397 | |
Net Income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | | | $ | 19,356 | |
| | | | | |
Earnings per Share: | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 4.50 | | | $ | 2.93 | | | $ | 0.86 | |
Diluted | $ | 4.49 | | | $ | 2.92 | | | $ | 0.86 | |
| | | | | |
Weighted Average Common Shares: | | | | | |
Basic | 22,373 | | | 22,238 | | | 22,100 | |
Diluted | 22,380 | | | 22,248 | | | 22,104 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net Income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | | | $ | 19,356 | |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (2,847) | | | (3,671) | | | 4,719 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Comprehensive Income | $ | 99,021 | | | $ | 62,376 | | | $ | 24,075 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common Stock | | Additional Paid-In Capital | | Retained Earnings | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | | Total Stockholders' Equity |
| Shares Outstanding | | Amount | | | | |
BALANCE, JANUARY 31, 2020 | 22,335 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 250,607 | | | $ | 97,717 | | | $ | (3,220) | | | $ | 345,104 | |
Common stock issued on grant of restricted stock, net of restricted stock forfeitures and restricted stock withheld for employee withholding tax | 218 | | | — | | | (209) | | | — | | | — | | | (209) | |
Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | — | | | 2,515 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,515 | |
Cumulative-effect adjustment of adopting ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses | — | | | — | | | — | | | (204) | | | — | | | (204) | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 19,356 | | | — | | | 19,356 | |
Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,719 | | | 4,719 | |
BALANCE, JANUARY 31, 2021 | 22,553 | | | — | | | 252,913 | | | 116,869 | | | 1,499 | | | 371,281 | |
Common stock issued on grant of restricted stock, net of restricted stock forfeitures and restricted stock withheld for employee withholding tax | 35 | | | — | | | (1,012) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,012) | |
Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | — | | | 2,554 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,554 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 66,047 | | | — | | | 66,047 | |
Other comprehensive loss | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (3,671) | | | (3,671) | |
BALANCE, JANUARY 31, 2022 | 22,588 | | | — | | | 254,455 | | | 182,916 | | | (2,172) | | | 435,199 | |
Common stock issued on grant of restricted stock, net of restricted stock forfeitures and restricted stock withheld for employee withholding tax | 110 | | | — | | | (1,144) | | | — | | | — | | | (1,144) | |
Stock-based compensation expense | — | | | — | | | 3,230 | | | — | | | — | | | 3,230 | |
Net income | — | | | — | | | — | | | 101,868 | | | — | | | 101,868 | |
Other comprehensive income | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2,847) | | | (2,847) | |
BALANCE, JANUARY 31, 2023 | 22,698 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 256,541 | | | $ | 284,784 | | | $ | (5,019) | | | $ | 536,306 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Operating Activities | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | | | $ | 19,356 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | 25,197 | | | 22,139 | | | 23,701 | |
Impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and long lived assets | — | | | 1,498 | | | 3,180 | |
Deferred income taxes | 7,639 | | | 4,315 | | | (3,538) | |
Stock-based compensation expense | 3,230 | | | 2,554 | | | 2,515 | |
Noncash interest expense | 245 | | | 218 | | | 174 | |
| | | | | |
Gain on sale of property & equipment | (502) | | | (4,525) | | | (863) | |
Other, net | 9,383 | | | 10,593 | | | 11,025 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities | | | | | |
Receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets | 9,886 | | | (37,037) | | | 4,469 | |
Inventories | (180,929) | | | 5,799 | | | 199,245 | |
Manufacturer floorplan payable | 69,633 | | | 14,233 | | | (110,084) | |
Deferred revenue | (20,901) | | | 74,244 | | | 18,157 | |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other and other long-term liabilities | (13,933) | | | (1,162) | | | 5,659 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 10,816 | | | 158,916 | | | 172,996 | |
Investing Activities | | | | | |
Rental fleet purchases | (9,994) | | | (14,594) | | | (7,103) | |
Property and equipment purchases (excluding rental fleet) | (27,217) | | | (23,033) | | | (12,986) | |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 3,756 | | | 16,046 | | | 6,592 | |
Acquisition consideration, net of cash acquired | (100,471) | | | (33,643) | | | (6,790) | |
| | | | | |
Other, net | (139) | | | 26 | | | (10) | |
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities | (134,065) | | | (55,198) | | | (20,297) | |
Financing Activities | | | | | |
Net change in non-manufacturer floorplan payable | 22,334 | | | (35,443) | | | (106,414) | |
| | | | | |
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings | 8,415 | | | 10,348 | | | 5,326 | |
Principal payments on long-term debt and finance leases | (7,637) | | | (9,212) | | | (15,942) | |
| | | | | |
Other, net | (1,153) | | | (1,028) | | | (909) | |
Net Cash Provided by (Used for) Financing Activities | 21,959 | | | (35,335) | | | (117,939) | |
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | (946) | | | (1,224) | | | 509 | |
Net Change in Cash | (102,236) | | | 67,159 | | | 35,269 | |
Cash at Beginning of Period | 146,149 | | | 78,990 | | | 43,721 | |
Cash at End of Period | $ | 43,913 | | | $ | 146,149 | | | $ | 78,990 | |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information | | | | | |
Cash paid during the period | | | | | |
Income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 26,575 | | | $ | 22,946 | | | $ | 2,786 | |
Interest | $ | 6,519 | | | $ | 5,399 | | | $ | 7,355 | |
Supplemental Disclosures of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities | | | | | |
Net property and equipment financed with long-term debt, capital leases, accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 6,404 | | | $ | 14,626 | | | $ | 19,537 | |
| | | | | |
Long-term debt to acquire finance leases | $ | 7,119 | | | $ | 11,000 | | | $ | — | |
Net transfer of assets from (to) property and equipment to (from) inventories | $ | (3,767) | | | $ | 4,368 | | | $ | 6,702 | |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - BUSINESS ACTIVITY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Business
Titan Machinery Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") are engaged in the retail sale, service and rental of agricultural and construction machinery through its stores in the United States and Europe. The Company's North American stores are located in Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, Wisconsin and Wyoming, and its European stores are located in Bulgaria, Germany, Romania, and Ukraine.
Russia/Ukraine Geopolitical Conflict
On February 24, 2022, the ongoing Russia/Ukraine conflict significantly intensified, and the sustained conflict and disruption in the region is ongoing. Titan Machinery Ukraine, LLC ("Titan Machinery Ukraine"), the Company's wholly-owned Ukrainian subsidiary, has nine locations throughout Ukraine primarily in western and central Ukraine. The conflict has caused disruptions in our Ukrainian operations, with our revenues for fiscal 2023 down 40.5% from the prior fiscal year. These disruptions have not been material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. However, if the conflict intensifies in western and central Ukraine, it could significantly increase the adverse effect on Titan Machinery Ukraine in future periods.
For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, the Company had total assets of $27.4 million in Ukraine compared to $32.7 million as of January 31, 2022. The physical assets (e.g. inventory and fixed assets) are almost exclusively located in central and western areas of the country. The Company continues to monitor Titan Machinery Ukraine's net monetary asset position, and while the currency and payment controls imposed by the National Bank of Ukraine have been relaxed, the controls have limited our ability to manage our net monetary asset position in the past and could limit our ability in the future.
Seasonality
The agricultural and construction equipment businesses are highly seasonal, which causes the Company's quarterly results and cash flows to fluctuate during the year. The Company's customers generally purchase and rent equipment in preparation for, or in conjunction with, their busy seasons, which for farmers are the spring planting and fall harvesting seasons, and for construction customers is dependent on weather seasons in their respective regions, which is typically the second and third quarters of the Company's fiscal year for much of its Construction footprint. The Company's parts and service revenues are also typically highest during its customers' busy seasons, due to the increased use of their equipment during this time, which generates the need for more parts and service work. However, weather conditions impact the timing of our customers' busy times, which may cause the Company's quarterly financial results to differ between fiscal years. In addition, the fourth quarter typically is a significant period for equipment sales in the United States because of our customers’ year-end tax planning considerations, the timing of dealer incentives and the increase in availability of funds from completed harvests and construction projects.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant accounts, transactions and profits between the consolidated companies have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company's foreign subsidiaries have fiscal years ending on December 31 of each year, consistent with statutory reporting requirements in each of the respective countries. The accounts of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are consolidated as of December 31 of each year. No events or transactions occurred related to these subsidiaries in January 2023 that would have materially affected the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, particularly related to realization of inventory, impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, collectability of receivables, and income taxes.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company's sales are to agricultural and construction equipment customers principally in the states in which it has stores as well as in the European countries in which its stores are located. The Company extends credit to its customers in the ordinary course of business and monitors its customers' financial condition to minimize its risks associated with trade receivables; however, the Company does not generally require collateral on trade receivables.
The Company's cash balances are maintained in bank deposit accounts, which, at times, are in excess of federally insured limits.
Concentrations in Operations
The Company currently purchases new equipment, rental equipment and the related parts from a limited number of manufacturers. Although no change in suppliers is anticipated, the occurrence of such a change could cause a possible loss of sales and adversely affect operating results. The Company is the holder of authorized dealerships granted by CNH Industrial America, LLC and CNHI International SA (collectively referred to "CNH Industrial") whereby it has the right to act as an authorized dealer for the entity's equipment at specified locations. The dealership authorizations and floorplan payable facilities can be canceled by the respective entity if the Company does not observe certain established guidelines and covenants.
In addition, the Company believes that the following factors related to concentrations in suppliers, and in particular CNH Industrial, have a significant impact on its operating results:
•CNH Industrial's product offerings, reputation and market share;
•CNH Industrial's product prices and incentive and discount programs;
•Supply of inventory from CNH Industrial and ability to meet delivery timelines;
•CNH Industrial's implementation of an equipment allocation methodology for use in determining production slots in calendar year 2023;
•CNH Industrial provides floorplan payable financing for the purchase of a substantial portion of the Company's inventory;
•CNH Industrial provides a significant percentage of the financing and lease financing used by the Company's customers to purchase CNH Industrial equipment from the Company;
Revenue Recognition
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to collect in exchange for those goods or services. Shipping and handling costs are recorded as cost of revenue. Sales, value added and other taxes collected from the Company's customers concurrent with the Company's revenue activities are excluded from revenue.
Equipment Revenue. Equipment revenue transactions include the sale of new and used agricultural and construction equipment. The Company satisfies its performance obligations and recognizes revenue at a point in time, primarily upon the delivery of the product. Once a product is delivered, the customer has physical possession of the asset, can direct the use of the asset, and has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. Equipment transactions often include both cash and non-cash consideration. Cash consideration is paid directly by the Company's customers or by third-party financial institutions financing the Company's customer transactions. Non-cash consideration is in the form of trade-in equipment assets. The Company assigns a value to trade-in assets by estimating a future selling price, which the Company estimates based on relevant internal and third-party data, less a gross profit amount to be realized at the time the trade-in asset is sold and an estimate of any reconditioning work required to ready the asset for sale. Both cash and non-cash consideration may be received prior to or after the Company's performance obligation is satisfied. Any consideration received prior to the satisfaction of the Company's performance obligation is recognized as deferred revenue. Receivables recognized for amounts not paid at the time our performance obligation is satisfied, including amounts due from third-party financial institutions, generally do not have established payment terms but are collected in relatively short time periods.
Parts Revenue. We sell a broad range of maintenance and replacement parts for both equipment that we sell and other types of equipment. The Company satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenue at a point in time, upon delivery of the product to the customer. Once a product is delivered, the Company has a present right to payment, the customer has physical possession of the asset, can direct the use of the asset, and has the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
asset. In many cases, customers tender payment at the time of delivery. Balances not paid at the time of delivery are typically due in full within 30 days. Most parts are sold with a thirty-day right of return or exchange. Historically, parts returns have not been material.
Parts revenue also includes the retail value of parts inventories consumed during the course of customer repair and maintenance services and services provided under manufacturer warranties. As further described below, we recognize revenue from these activities over time.
Service Revenue. We provide repair and maintenance services, including repairs performed under manufacturer warranties, for our customer’s equipment. We recognize service and associated parts revenue of our repair and maintenance services over time as we transfer control of these goods and services over time. The Company recognizes revenue over time in the amount to which we have the right to invoice the customer, as such an amount corresponds to the value of our performance completed to date. Generally, the Company has the right to invoice the customer for labor hours incurred and parts inventories consumed during the performance of the service arrangement. Customer invoicing most often occurs at the conclusion of our repair and maintenance services. Accordingly, we recognize unbilled receivables for the amount of unbilled labor hours incurred and parts inventories consumed under our repair and maintenance arrangements. Upon customer invoicing, unbilled receivables are reclassified to receivables. In many cases, customers tender payment at the completion of our work and the creation of the invoice. Balances not paid at the time of invoicing are typically due in full within 30 days.
Rental and Other Revenue. We rent equipment to our customers on a short-term basis for periods ranging from a few days to a few months. Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period of the related rental agreement. Revenue from rental equipment delivery and pick-up services is recognized when the service is performed. Other revenues primarily consist of fees charged in connection with short-haul equipment delivery and pick-up services, in which revenue is recognized at a point in time when the service is completed, and Global Positioning System ("GPS") signal subscriptions, in which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription period.
Manufacturer Incentives and Discounts
The Company receives various manufacturer incentives and discounts, which are based on a variety of factors. Discounts and incentives related to the purchase of inventory are recognized as a reduction of inventory prices and recognized as a reduction of cost of revenue when the related inventory is sold. Other incentives, reflecting reimbursement of qualifying expenses, are recognized as a reduction of the related expense when earned.
Receivables and Credit Policy
Trade accounts receivable due from customers are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 to 90 days from the invoice date. Balances unpaid after the due date based on trade terms are considered past due and begin to accrue interest. Payments of trade receivables are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer's remittance advice or, if unspecified, are applied to the earliest unpaid invoices. Trade accounts receivable due from manufacturers relate to discount programs and incentive programs. Trade accounts receivable due from finance companies primarily consist of contracts in transit with finance companies and balances due from credit card companies. These receivables do not generally have established payment terms but are collected in relatively short time periods. Unbilled receivables primarily represent unbilled labor hours incurred and parts inventories consumed during the performance of service arrangements for our customers at the Company's retail rates.
The carrying amount of trade receivables is reduced by a valuation allowance that reflects management's best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Management reviews aged receivable balances and estimates the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected. Account balances are charged off after all appropriate means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
Inventories
New and used equipment are stated at the lower of cost (specific identification) or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. All new and used equipment inventories, including that which has been rented, are subject to periodic lower of cost or net realizable value evaluations that consider various factors including aging and condition of the equipment and market conditions. Equipment inventory values are adjusted whenever the carrying amount exceeds the net realizable value. Parts inventories are valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. The Company estimates its lower of average cost or net realizable value adjustments on its parts inventories based on various factors including aging and sales of each type
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
of parts inventory. Work in process represents costs incurred in the reconditioning and preparation for sale of our equipment inventories.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of each asset, as summarized below: | | | | | |
Buildings and leasehold improvements | Lesser of 10 - 40 years or lease term |
Machinery and equipment | 3 - 10 years |
Furniture and fixtures | 3 - 10 years |
Vehicles | 5 - 10 years |
Rental fleet | 3 - 10 years |
Depreciation for income tax reporting purposes is computed using accelerated methods.
Goodwill
Goodwill is recognized and initially measured as any excess of the acquisition-date consideration transferred in a business combination over the acquisition-date amounts recognized for the net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not result in an impairment of goodwill. Impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. A component of an operating segment is a reporting unit if the component constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The goodwill impairment analysis is a single-step quantitative assessment that identifies both the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss by comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, with any excess carrying value over the fair value being recognized as an impairment loss, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31st of each year. See Note 7 for details and results of the Company's impairment testing.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with a finite life consist of customer relationships and covenants not to compete, and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. The Company amortizes the cost of identified intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, which is generally five years for customer relationships and the contractual term for covenants not to compete, which range from three to five years.
Intangible assets with an indefinite life consist of distribution rights with manufacturers. Distribution rights are classified as an indefinite-lived intangible asset because the Company's distribution agreements continue indefinitely by their terms, or are routinely awarded or renewed without substantial cost or material modifications to the underlying agreements. Accordingly, the Company believes that its distribution rights intangible assets will contribute to its cash flows for an indefinite period, therefore the carrying amount of distribution rights is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events or when circumstances indicate that impairment may be present. The impairment test is a single-step assessment that identifies both the existence of impairment and the amount of impairment loss by comparing the estimated fair value of the asset to its carrying value, with any excess carrying value over the fair value being recognized as an impairment loss. The Company performs its annual impairment test as of December 31st of each year. See Note 7 for details and results of the Company's impairment testing.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company's long-lived assets consist of its property and equipment. These assets are reviewed for potential impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of such assets to their carrying values. If the estimated undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, the carrying value is considered recoverable and no impairment recognition is required. However, if the sum of the undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the asset, the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset is compared to its carrying value and any amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value is recognized as an impairment charge.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
When reviewing long-lived assets for impairment, we group long-lived assets with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Long-lived assets deployed and used by individual store locations are reviewed for impairment at the individual store level. Other long-lived assets shared across stores within a segment or shared across segments are reviewed for impairment on a segment or consolidated level as appropriate.
During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company determined that certain events or circumstances, including a current period operating loss combined with historical losses and anticipated future operating losses, within certain of its stores was an indication that the long-lived assets of these stores may not be recoverable. The aggregate carrying value of such assets totaled $12.6 million. In light of these circumstances, the Company performed a long-lived asset impairment analysis for these assets and concluded that the carrying value was recoverable. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges in year ended January 31, 2023.
We performed similar impairment analyses at the end of fiscal 2022 and 2021. The Company recognized impairment charges totaling $0.4 million on long-lived assets during the year ended January 31, 2022, which were related to the International segment. The Company recognized impairment charges totaling $0.9 million on long-lived assets during the year ended January 31, 2021, of which $0.3 million related to the Agriculture segment and $0.6 million related to the Construction segment. All impairment charges recognized are included in the Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets line item in the consolidated statements of operations.
Construction of Leased Assets and Sale-Leaseback Accounting
The Company, from time to time, performs construction projects on its store locations, which are recorded as property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheet during the construction period. Upon completion, these assets are either placed in service, at which point the depreciation of the asset commences, or are part of a sale-leaseback transaction with a third-party buyer/lessor. In certain other situations, the Company enters into build-to-suit construction projects with third-party lessors. Under the applicable lease accounting rules, certain forms of lessee involvement in the construction of the leased asset deem the Company to be the owner of the leased asset during the construction period and requires capitalization of the lessor's total project costs on the consolidated balance sheet with the recognition of a corresponding financing obligation. Upon completion of a project for which the constructed assets are sold to a buyer/lessor or the completion of a capitalized build-to suit construction project, the Company performs a sale-leaseback analysis to determine if the asset and related financing obligation can be derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet. Certain provisions in a number of our lease agreements, primarily provisions regarding repurchase options, are deemed to be continuing involvement in the sold asset which precludes sale recognition. In such cases, the asset remains on the consolidated balance sheet under property and equipment and the proceeds received in the sale-leaseback transaction are recognized as a financing obligation within long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheet. Both the asset and the financing obligation are amortized over the lease term. In instances in which the Company has no continuing involvement in the sold asset, the criteria for sale recognition are met and the asset and any related financing obligation are derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet, and the lease is analyzed for proper accounting treatment as either an operating or finance lease.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company may manage its market risk exposures through a program that includes the use of derivative instruments, primarily foreign exchange forward contracts. The Company's objective in managing its exposure to market risk is to minimize the impact on earnings, cash flows and the consolidated balance sheet. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
All outstanding derivative instruments are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The effect on earnings from recognizing the fair value of the derivative instrument depends on its intended use, the hedge designation, and the effectiveness in offsetting the exposure of the underlying hedged item. Changes in fair values of instruments designated to reduce or eliminate fluctuations in the fair values of recognized assets and liabilities and unrecognized firm commitments are reported currently in earnings along with the change in the fair value of the hedged items. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment are reported currently in earnings.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Income Taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are included in its provision for income taxes in the period of the change. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted by taxing jurisdiction and presented as either a net asset or liability position, as applicable, on the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured as the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. Changes in the recognition or measurement of such positions are reflected in its provision for income taxes in the period of the change. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters within its provision for income taxes.
Advertising Costs
Costs incurred for producing and distributing advertising are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense amounted to $2.9 million, $2.5 million and $2.2 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation at the fair value of the related equity instrument over the applicable service or performance period.
Comprehensive Income and Foreign Currency Matters
For the Company, comprehensive income (loss) represents net income adjusted for foreign currency translation adjustments. For the Company's foreign subsidiaries in which their local currency is their functional currency, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the balance sheet date exchange rate. Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded directly as other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders' equity. For the Company's foreign subsidiaries in which the local currency is not the functional currency, prior to translation into U.S. dollars, amounts must first be remeasured from the local currency into the functional currency. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates and monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at the balance sheet date exchange rate. Income and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates for the year. Foreign currency remeasurement adjustments are included in the statement of operations.
The Company recognized, in interest and other income in its consolidated statements of operations, a net foreign currency transaction loss of $1.2 million, $0.1 million, and $2.8 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations by allocating the purchase price amongst the assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed based on the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. The acquisition accounting is finalized during the measurement period, which may not exceed one year from the date of acquisition. During the measurement period the Company's accounting for the business combination transaction may be based on estimates due to various unknown factors present at the date of acquisition.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1—Values derived from unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2—Values derived from observable inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Level 3—Values derived from unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available, thereby requiring the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
Segment Reporting
The Company operates its business in three reportable segments, the Agriculture, Construction and International segments.
Recent Accounting Guidance
Accounting guidance not yet adopted
In September of 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2022-04, Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. This new standard requires that the buyer in a supplier finance program discloses information about the key terms of the program, outstanding confirmed amounts as of the end of the period, a rollforward of such amounts during each annual period, and a description of where in the financial statements outstanding amounts are presented. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted. Entities must apply the amendments of this ASU retrospectively to all periods in which a balance sheet is presented, with the exception of the amendment on disclosure of rollforward information, which entities only need to apply prospectively. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.
NOTE 2 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
The Company uses the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted EPS. Unvested restricted stock awards are considered participating securities because they entitle holders to non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the vesting term. Under the two-class method, earnings of the Company are allocated between common stockholders and these participating securities based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and participating securities outstanding during the relevant period.
Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to Titan Machinery Inc. common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the relevant period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income attributable to Titan Machinery Inc. common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding after adjusting for potential dilution related to the conversion of all dilutive securities into common stock. All potentially dilutive securities were included in the computation of diluted EPS for years with net income. All anti-dilutive securities were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted EPS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands, except per share data) |
Numerator | | | | | |
Net income | $ | 101,868 | | | $ | 66,047 | | | $ | 19,356 | |
Allocation to participating securities | (1,295) | | | (977) | | | (325) | |
Net income attributable to Titan Machinery Inc. common stockholders | $ | 100,573 | | | $ | 65,070 | | | $ | 19,031 | |
Denominator | | | | | |
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding | 22,373 | | | 22,238 | | | 22,100 | |
Plus: incremental shares from assumed vesting of restricted stock units | 7 | | | 10 | | | 4 | |
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | 22,380 | | | 22,248 | | | 22,104 | |
| | | | | |
Earnings per Share: | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 4.50 | | | $ | 2.93 | | | $ | 0.86 | |
Diluted | $ | 4.49 | | | $ | 2.92 | | | $ | 0.86 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
NOTE 3 - REVENUE
The following tables present our revenue disaggregated by revenue source and segment for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, 2023 |
| Agriculture | | Construction | | International | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Equipment | $ | 1,269,298 | | | $ | 201,077 | | | $ | 241,184 | | | $ | 1,711,559 | |
Parts | 228,520 | | | 50,628 | | | 48,048 | | | 327,196 | |
Service | 96,418 | | | 25,079 | | | 8,306 | | | 129,803 | |
Other | 4,044 | | | 1,897 | | | 915 | | | 6,856 | |
Revenue from contracts with customers | 1,598,280 | | | 278,681 | | | 298,453 | | | 2,175,414 | |
Rental | 3,440 | | | 29,776 | | | 676 | | | 33,892 | |
Total revenues | $ | 1,601,720 | | | $ | 308,457 | | | $ | 299,129 | | | $ | 2,209,306 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, 2022 |
| Agriculture | | Construction | | International | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Equipment | $ | 823,590 | | | $ | 209,318 | | | $ | 258,776 | | | $ | 1,291,684 | |
Parts | 166,623 | | | 50,449 | | | 49,844 | | | 266,916 | |
Service | 81,506 | | | 26,401 | | | 7,734 | | | 115,641 | |
Other | 3,006 | | | 1,913 | | | 517 | | | 5,436 | |
Revenue from contracts with customers | 1,074,725 | | | 288,081 | | | 316,871 | | | 1,679,677 | |
Rental | 2,026 | | | 29,083 | | | 1,120 | | | 32,229 | |
Total revenues | $ | 1,076,751 | | | $ | 317,164 | | | $ | 317,991 | | | $ | 1,711,906 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, 2021 |
| Agriculture | | Construction | | International | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Equipment | $ | 654,244 | | | $ | 193,495 | | | $ | 168,332 | | | $ | 1,016,071 | |
Parts | 151,278 | | | 51,186 | | | 42,212 | | | 244,676 | |
Service | 74,963 | | | 25,224 | | | 7,042 | | | 107,229 | |
Other | 3,122 | | | 2,295 | | | 400 | | | 5,817 | |
Revenue from contracts with customers | 883,607 | | | 272,200 | | | 217,986 | | | 1,373,793 | |
Rental | 2,878 | | | 33,545 | | | 1,006 | | | 37,429 | |
Total revenues | $ | 886,485 | | | $ | 305,745 | | | $ | 218,992 | | | $ | 1,411,222 | |
Deferred revenue from contracts with customers totaled $118.1 million and $132.2 million as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022. Our deferred revenue most often increases in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, due to a higher level of customer down payments or prepayments. The decrease in deferred revenue from January 31, 2022 to January 31, 2023, was primarily due to lower trade-in activity on pending equipment sale transactions as customer's are less willing to give up their trade until their new equipment is delivered, due to the delays in getting new equipment over the past year. During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company recognized substantially all of the revenue that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of January 31, 2022.
The following is a summary of deferred revenue as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Deferred revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 118,074 | | | $ | 132,193 | |
Deferred revenue from rental and other contracts | 1,771 | | | 1,953 | |
| $ | 119,845 | | | $ | 134,146 | |
No material amount of revenue was recognized during the year ended January 31, 2023 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The Company has elected as a practical expedient to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of service of one year or less, and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. The contracts for which the practical expedient has been applied include (i) equipment revenue transactions, which do not have a stated contractual term, but are short-term in nature, and (ii) service revenue transactions, which also do not have a stated contractual term but are generally completed within 30 days and for such contracts we recognize revenue over time at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services completed to date.
NOTE 4 - RECEIVABLES
The Company provides an allowance for expected credit losses on its nonrental receivables. To measure the expected credit losses, receivables have been grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics as shown in the table below.
Trade and unbilled receivables from contracts with customers have credit risk and the allowance is determined by applying expected credit loss percentages to aging categories based on historical experience that are updated at least annually. The rates may also be adjusted to the extent future events are expected to differ from historical results. Given that the credit terms for these receivables are short-term, changes in credit loss percentages due to future events may not occur on a frequent basis. In addition, the allowance is adjusted based on information obtained by continued monitoring of individual customer credit.
Trade receivables from finance companies, other receivables due from manufacturers, and other receivables have not historically resulted in any credit losses to the Company. These receivables are short-term in nature and deemed to be of good credit quality and have no need for any allowance for expected credit losses. Management continually monitors these receivables and should information be obtained that identifies potential credit risk, an adjustment to the allowance would be made if deemed appropriate.
Trade and unbilled receivables from rental contracts are primarily in the United States and are specifically excluded from the accounting guidance in determining an allowance for expected losses. The Company provides an allowance for these
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
receivables based on historical experience and using credit information obtained from continued monitoring of customer accounts.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Trade and unbilled receivables from contracts with customers | | | |
Trade receivables due from customers | $ | 47,298 | | | $ | 30,041 | |
Unbilled receivables | 19,764 | | | 17,129 | |
Less allowance for expected credit losses | 3,080 | | | 1,979 | |
| 63,982 | | | 45,191 | |
| | | |
Trade receivables due from finance companies | 11,212 | | | 17,937 | |
| | | |
Trade and unbilled receivables from rental contracts | | | |
Trade receivables | 3,629 | | | 3,055 | |
Unbilled receivables | 776 | | | 538 | |
Less allowance for expected credit losses | 360 | | | 469 | |
| 4,045 | | | 3,124 | |
| | | |
Other receivables | | | |
Due from manufacturers | 15,007 | | | 22,979 | |
Other | 1,598 | | | 5,056 | |
| 16,605 | | | 28,035 | |
Receivables, net of allowance for expected credit losses | $ | 95,844 | | | $ | 94,287 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Following is a summary of allowance for credit losses on trade and unbilled accounts receivable by segment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Agriculture | | Construction | | International | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Balance at January 31, 2021 | $ | 229 | | | $ | 1,074 | | | $ | 1,691 | | | $ | 2,994 | |
Current expected credit loss provision | 137 | | | 186 | | | (8) | | | 315 | |
Write-offs charged against allowance | 166 | | | 1,076 | | | 111 | | | 1,353 | |
Credit loss recoveries collected | 44 | | | 9 | | | 42 | | | 95 | |
Foreign exchange impact | — | | | — | | | (72) | | | (72) | |
Balance at January 31, 2022 | 244 | | | 193 | | | 1,542 | | | 1,979 | |
Current expected credit loss provision | 190 | | | 84 | | | 1,273 | | | 1,547 | |
Write-offs charged against allowance | 93 | | | 166 | | | 184 | | | 443 | |
Credit loss recoveries collected | 26 | | | 13 | | | — | | | 39 | |
| | | | | | | |
Foreign exchange impact | — | | | — | | | (42) | | | (42) | |
Balance at January 31, 2023 | $ | 367 | | | $ | 124 | | | $ | 2,589 | | | $ | 3,080 | |
The increase in the credit loss provision in the International segment, during the twelve months ended January 31, 2023, was driven by a $1.0 million bad debt provision placed on the accounts receivables due from customers of Titan Machinery Ukraine.
The following table presents impairment losses on receivables arising from sales contracts with customers and receivables arising from rental contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Impairment losses (recoveries) on: | | | |
Receivables from sales contracts with customers | $ | 1,490 | | | $ | 593 | |
Receivables from rental contracts | 127 | | | (56) | |
| $ | 1,617 | | | $ | 537 | |
The increase in impairment losses on receivables from sales contracts with customers was primarily driven by an increase in the bad debt provision on accounts receivables due from customers of Titan Machinery Ukraine.
NOTE 5 - INVENTORIES | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
New equipment | $ | 369,828 | | | $ | 195,775 | |
Used equipment | 164,761 | | | 128,047 | |
Parts and attachments | 164,553 | | | 95,890 | |
Work in process | 4,797 | | | 2,046 | |
| $ | 703,939 | | | $ | 421,758 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 6 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Rental fleet equipment | $ | 75,386 | | | $ | 65,117 | |
Machinery and equipment | 27,220 | | | 22,819 | |
Vehicles | 80,122 | | | 58,650 | |
Furniture and fixtures | 53,937 | | | 50,228 | |
Land, buildings, and leasehold improvements | 140,773 | | | 123,323 | |
| 377,438 | | | 320,137 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | 159,656 | | | 141,894 | |
| $ | 217,782 | | | $ | 178,243 | |
The Company includes depreciation expense related to its rental fleet and its trucking fleet, for hauling equipment, in cost of revenue, which was $8.2 million, $8.6 million, and $10.3 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. All other depreciation expense is included in Operating Expenses, which totaled $15.9 million, $12.2 million and $11.6 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company had assets related to sale-leaseback financing obligations and finance leases associated with real estate of store locations, which are included in the land, buildings and leasehold improvements balance above. Such assets had gross carrying values totaling $18.8 million and $26.3 million, and accumulated amortization balances totaling $8.6 million and $8.3 million, as of January 31, 2023 and 2022.
NOTE 7 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Definite-Lived Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of definite-lived intangible assets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| Cost | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net | | Cost | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net |
| (in thousands) | | (in thousands) |
Covenants not to compete | $ | 1,025 | | | $ | (222) | | | $ | 803 | | | $ | 250 | | | $ | (79) | | | $ | 171 | |
Customer relationships | 538 | | | (180) | | | 358 | | | 497 | | | (252) | | | 245 | |
| $ | 1,563 | | | $ | (402) | | | $ | 1,161 | | | $ | 747 | | | $ | (331) | | | $ | 416 | |
Intangible asset amortization expense was $0.2 million for the year ended January 31, 2023, and $0.1 million for the two years ended January 31, 2022 and 2021. The covenants not to compete and customer relationships assets for the year ended January 31, 2023 have a weighted-average amortization period of 4.8 years and 5 years, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows:
| | | | | |
Fiscal years ending January 31, | Amount |
| (in thousands) |
2024 | $ | 313 | |
2025 | 288 | |
2026 | 246 | |
2027 | 220 | |
2028 | 94 | |
Thereafter | — | |
| $ | 1,161 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
The Company's indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of distribution rights assets. Changes in the carrying amount of distribution rights during the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Agriculture | | Construction | | International | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Balance, January 31, 2021 | $ | 6,265 | | | $ | 72 | | | $ | 1,161 | | | $ | 7,498 | |
Arising from business combinations | 3,871 | | | — | | | — | | | 3,871 | |
Foreign currency translation | — | | | — | | | (22) | | | (22) | |
Impairment | — | | | — | | | 1,139 | | | 1,139 | |
Balance, January 31, 2022 | 10,136 | | | 72 | | | — | | | 10,208 | |
Arising from business combinations | 7,042 | | | — | | | — | | | 7,042 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Balance, January 31, 2023 | $ | 17,178 | | | $ | 72 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 17,250 | |
The Company performs at least an annual impairment testing of its indefinite-lived distribution rights intangible assets. Under the impairment test, the fair value of distribution rights intangible assets is estimated based on a multi-period excess earnings model, an income approach. This model allocates future estimated earnings of the store/complex amongst working capital, fixed assets and other intangible assets of the store/complex and any remaining earnings (the "excess earnings") are allocated to the distribution rights intangible assets. The earnings allocated to the distribution rights are then discounted to arrive at the present value of the future estimated excess earnings, which represents the estimated fair value of the distribution rights intangible asset. The discount rate applied reflects the Company's estimate of the weighted-average cost of capital of comparable companies plus an additional risk premium to reflect the additional risk inherent in the distribution right asset. The results of the Company's annual distribution rights impairment test for the year ended January 31, 2023, indicated no impairment.
The results of the Company's impairment testing for the Germany distribution rights intangible assets for the quarter ended July 31, 2021, indicated that the estimated fair value of the tested distribution rights was below the carrying value of such assets, thus requiring an impairment to be recognized. Impairment charges of $1.1 million were recognized and are included in the Impairment of Intangibles and Long-lived Assets amount in the consolidated statements of operations. The impairment charges arose as the result of lowered expectations of the future financial performance of this reporting unit. The Company's assumptions about future financial performance were impacted by the current year operating performance of this reporting unit and by the anticipated impact that challenging industry conditions, including COVID-19, may have on the future financial performance of this reporting unit.
The results of the Company's impairment testing for the Germany distribution rights intangible assets for the quarter ended October 31, 2020, indicated that the estimated fair value of the tested distribution rights was below the carrying value of such assets, thus requiring an impairment to be recognized. Impairment charges of $0.9 million were recognized and are included in the Impairment of Intangibles and Long-lived Assets amount in the consolidated statements of operations. The impairment charges arose as the result of lowered expectations of the future financial performance of this reporting unit. The Company's assumptions about future financial performance were impacted by the current year operating performance of this reporting unit and by the anticipated impact that challenging industry conditions, including COVID-19, may have on the future financial performance of this reporting unit.
During the year ended January 31, 2023, no impairment charges were recognized in association with indefinite-lived intangible assets. During the years ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.9 million of impairment charges associated with its distribution rights in its German reporting unit.
The Company had gross indefinite-lived intangible assets of $18.4 million and accumulated impairments of $1.1 million as of January 31, 2023.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Agriculture | | | | Total |
| (in thousands) |
Balance, January 31, 2021 | $ | 1,433 | | | | | $ | 1,433 | |
Arising from business combinations | 7,519 | | | | | 7,519 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Balance, January 31, 2022 | 8,952 | | | | | 8,952 | |
Arising from business combinations | 21,670 | | | | | 21,670 | |
| | | | | |
Balance, January 31, 2023 | $ | 30,622 | | | | | $ | 30,622 | |
The Company performs an annual impairment testing of goodwill as of December 31st of each year. Under the impairment test, the fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using an income approach in which a discounted cash flow analysis is utilized, which includes a five-year forecast of future operating performance for the reporting unit and a terminal value that estimates sustained long-term growth. The discount rate applied to the estimated future cash flows reflects an estimate of the weighted-average cost of capital of comparable companies. During the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges.
During the year ended January 31, 2021, the quantitative goodwill impairment analysis for the German reporting unit indicated that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit was less than the carrying value. The implied fair value of the goodwill associated with the reporting unit approximated zero, thus requiring a full impairment charge of the goodwill carrying value of the reporting unit. As such, a goodwill impairment charge of $1.5 million was recognized, which is included in Impairment of Goodwill in the consolidated statements of operations. The impairment charge arose as the result of lowered expectations of the future financial performance of this reporting unit. The Company's assumptions about future financial performance were impacted by the current year operating performance of this reporting unit and by the anticipated impact that challenging industry conditions, including COVID-19, may have on the future financial performance of this reporting unit. This removed all of the remaining goodwill in the International segment during the year ended January 31, 2021, the Agriculture segment is the only segment with goodwill on its balance sheet.
NOTE 8 - FLOORPLAN PAYABLE/LINES OF CREDIT
Floorplan payable balances reflect amounts owed to manufacturers for equipment inventory purchases and amounts outstanding under our various floorplan line of credit facilities. In the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company reports cash flows associated with manufacturer floorplan financing as operating cash flows and cash flows associated with non-manufacturer floorplan financing as financing cash flows.
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had floorplan lines of credit totaling $781.0 million, which is primarily comprised of three significant floorplan lines of credit: (i) a $500.0 million credit facility with CNH Industrial, (ii) a $185.0 million line of credit with a group of banks (the "Bank Syndicate"), and (iii) a $50.0 million credit facility with DLL Finance LLC (“DLL Finance”).
CNH Industrial Floorplan Payable Line of Credit
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had a $500.0 million credit facility with CNH Industrial, of which $410.0 million is available for domestic financing and $90.0 million is available for European financing.
The domestic financing facility offers financing for new and used equipment inventories. Available borrowings under the credit facility are reduced by outstanding floorplan payable balances and other acquisition-related financing arrangements with CNH Industrial. The credit facility charges interest at a rate dependent on the Company's Retail Finance Market Share, as defined in the credit facility agreement, and ranges from 0.5% to 2.75% plus the prime rate for the financing of new and used equipment inventories and rental fleet assets. CNH Industrial offers periods of reduced interest rates and interest-free periods. Repayment terms vary, but generally payments are made from sales proceeds or rental revenue generated from the related inventories or rental fleet assets. Balances under the outstanding CNH Industrial credit facility are secured by the inventory or rental fleet purchased with the floorplan proceeds. The European financing facility offers financing for new equipment inventories. Available borrowings under the credit facility are reduced by outstanding floorplan payable balances. Amounts outstanding are generally due approximately 75 days after the date of invoice by CNH Industrial. Generally, no interest is charged on outstanding balances. However, in certain international markets the Company receives extended terms from CNH
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Industrial similar to what we receive domestically with reduced interest and interest free periods. Amounts outstanding are secured by the inventory purchased with the floorplan proceeds.
The CNH Industrial credit facility contains financial covenants that impose a maximum level of adjusted debt to tangible net worth of 3.50:1.00 and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.10:1.00. It also contains various restrictive covenants that require prior consent of CNH Industrial if the Company desires to engage in any acquisition of, consolidation or merger with, any other business entity in which the Company is not the surviving company; create subsidiaries; move any collateral outside of the U.S.; or sell, rent, lease or otherwise dispose or transfer any of the collateral, other than in the ordinary course of business. CNH Industrial’s consent is also required for the acquisition of any CNH Industrial dealership. In addition, the CNH Industrial credit facility restricts the Company's ability to incur any liens upon any substantial part of the assets. The credit facility automatically renews on August 31st of each year unless earlier terminated by either party. As of January 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the adjusted debt to tangible net worth and fixed charge coverage ratio financial covenants under this credit facility.
Bank Syndicate Credit Agreement - Floorplan Payable and Working Capital Lines of Credit
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had a $250.0 million credit facility under a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Bank Syndicate Agreement"), consisting of a $185.0 million floorplan facility (the "Floorplan Loan") and a $65.0 million operating line (the "Revolver Loan"). The amounts available under the Bank Syndicate Agreement are subject to base calculations and reduced by outstanding standby letters of credit and certain reserves. The Bank Syndicate Agreement includes a variable interest rate on outstanding balances, charges a 0.25% non-usage fee on the average monthly unused amount, and requires monthly payments of accrued interest. The Company elects at the time of any advance to choose a Base Rate Loan or a Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Rate Loan. The SOFR Rate is based upon one-month, three-month, or six-month SOFR, as chosen by the Company, plus an applicable margin, plus 11.4 basis points for one-month, 26.2 basis points for three-month, and 42.8 basis points for six-month loans. In no event shall the SOFR Rate be less than zero. The Base Rate is the greater of (a) the prime rate of interest announced, from time to time, by Bank of America; (b) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or (c) the one-month SOFR Rate plus 1% plus applicable margin, plus 11.4 basis points. In no event shall the Base Rate be less than zero. The applicable margin rate is determined based on excess availability under the Bank Syndicate Agreement and ranges from 0.5% to 1.0% for Base Rate Loans.
The Bank Syndicate Agreement does not obligate the Company to maintain financial covenants, except in the event that excess availability (each as defined in the Bank Syndicate Agreement) is less than 15% of the lower of the borrowing base or the size of the maximum credit line, at which point the Company is required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.10:1.00. Based on our excess availability and cash collateral, we were not subject to the fixed charge coverage ratio as of January 31, 2023. The Bank Syndicate Agreement includes various restrictions on the Company and its subsidiaries' activities, including, under certain conditions, limitations on the Company’s ability to make certain cash payments including for cash dividends and stock repurchases, issuance of equity instruments, acquisitions and divestitures, and entering into new indebtedness transactions. As of January 31, 2023, under these provisions of the Bank Syndicate Agreement, the Company had an unrestricted dividend availability of approximately $95.4 million. The Bank Syndicate Agreement matures on April 3, 2025.
The Floorplan Loan is used to finance equipment inventory purchases. Amounts outstanding are recorded as floorplan payables, within current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, as the Company intends to repay amounts borrowed within one year.
The Revolver Loan is used to finance rental fleet equipment and for general working capital requirements of the Company. Amounts outstanding are typically recorded as long-term debt, within long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, as the Company does not have the intention or obligation to repay amounts borrowed within one year. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have a need to utilize the revolver loan as the balance was zero for both periods.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
DLL Finance Floorplan Payable Line of Credit
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had a $50.0 million credit facility with DLL Finance, of which $39.0 million is available for domestic financing and $11.0 million is available for financing in certain of our European markets. The DLL Finance credit facility may be used to purchase or refinance new and used equipment inventory. Amounts outstanding for domestic financing bear interest on outstanding balances of one-month SOFR plus an applicable margin of 3.06%. Amounts outstanding for European financing bear interest on outstanding balances of three-month EURIBOR plus an applicable margin of 2.10% to 2.50%. The credit facility allows for increase, decrease or termination of the facility by DLL Finance in its sole discretion at any time. The credit facility contains financial covenants that impose a maximum net leverage ratio of 3.50:1.00 and a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.10:1.00. The credit facility also requires the Company to obtain prior consent from DLL Finance if the Company desired to engage in any acquisition meeting certain financial thresholds. The balances outstanding with DLL Finance are secured by the inventory or rental fleet purchased with the floorplan proceeds. Repayment terms vary by individual notes, but generally payments are made from sales proceeds or rental revenue from the related inventories or rental fleet assets. As of January 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the net leverage ratio and fixed charge coverage ratio financial covenants under this credit facility.
Other Lines of Credit
The Company’s other lines of credit include various floorplan and working capital lines of credit primarily offered by non-manufacturer financing entities. Interest charged on outstanding borrowings are generally variable rates of interest most often based on EURIBOR and include interest margins primarily ranging from 1.40% to 2.50%. Outstanding balances are generally secured by inventory and other current assets. In most cases these lines of credit have a one-year maturity, with an annual review process to extend the maturity date for an additional one-year period.
Summary of Outstanding Amounts
As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s outstanding balance of floorplan payables and lines of credit consisted of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
CNH Industrial | $ | 177,337 | | | $ | 94,054 | |
Bank Syndicate Agreement Floorplan Loan | 35,550 | | | — | |
DLL Finance | 9,914 | | | 8,558 | |
Other outstanding balances with manufacturers and non-manufacturers | 35,571 | | | 32,803 | |
| $ | 258,372 | | | $ | 135,415 | |
As of January 31, 2023, the interest-bearing U.S. floorplan payables were primarily on the Bank Syndicate Agreement Loan with a variable interest rate of 5.94%. As of January 31, 2022, generally all U.S. floorplan payables were non-interest bearing. As of January 31, 2023, foreign floorplan payables carried various interest rates primarily ranging from 4.16% to 4.96%, compared to a range of 1.40% to 4.79% as of January 31, 2022. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, $213.0 million and $106.8 million, respectively, of outstanding floorplan payables were non-interest bearing.
NOTE 9 - ACCRUED EXPENSES & OTHER | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Compensation | $ | 39,026 | | | $ | 31,244 | |
Sales, payroll, real estate and value added taxes | 7,357 | | | 8,563 | |
Insurance | 4,291 | | | 3,393 | |
Lease residual value guarantees | 193 | | | 422 | |
Finance lease liabilities | 577 | | | 7,466 | |
Interest | 487 | | | 349 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Other | 6,228 | | | 7,902 | |
| $ | 58,159 | | | $ | 59,339 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 10 - LONG-TERM DEBT
The following is a summary of long-term debt: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Year Ended January 31, |
Description | | Maturity Dates | | Interest Rates | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | | | | (in thousands) |
Mortgage loans, secured | | Various through May 2039 | | 2.1% to 5.1% | | $ | 68,689 | | | $ | 57,801 | |
Sale-leaseback financing obligations | | Various through December 2030 | | 3.4% to 10.3% | | 11,252 | | | 12,382 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Vehicle loans, secured | | Various through November 2028 | | 1.7% to 5.9% | | 12,659 | | | 10,465 | |
Other | | Various through July 2039 | | 3.6% | | 4,591 | | | — | |
Total debt | | | | | | 97,191 | | | 80,648 | |
Less: current maturities | | | | | | 7,241 | | | 5,876 | |
Long-term debt, net | | | | | | $ | 89,950 | | | $ | 74,772 | |
Long-term debt maturities are as follows: | | | | | |
Years Ending January 31, | Amounts |
| (in thousands) |
2024 | $ | 7,241 | |
2025 | 15,341 | |
2026 | 6,734 | |
2027 | 13,755 | |
2028 | 14,087 | |
Thereafter | 40,033 | |
| $ | 97,191 | |
NOTE 11 - DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company holds derivative instruments for the purpose of minimizing exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates to which the Company is exposed in the normal course of its operations.
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
The Company periodically uses foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the effects of fluctuations in exchange rates on outstanding intercompany loans. The Company does not formally designate and document such derivative instruments as hedging instruments; however, the instruments are an effective economic hedge of the underlying foreign currency exposure. Both the gain or loss on the derivative instrument and the offsetting gain or loss on the underlying intercompany loan are recognized in earnings immediately, thereby eliminating or reducing the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on net income. The Company's foreign currency forward contracts generally have three-month maturities, maturing on the last day of each fiscal quarter. There were no outstanding foreign currency contracts as of January 31, 2023 and 2022.
As of January 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company had no derivative instruments outstanding. Derivative instruments recognized as assets are recorded in Prepaid expenses and other in the consolidated balance sheets, and derivative instruments recognized as liabilities are recorded in Accrued expenses and other in the consolidated balance sheets.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table sets forth the gains and losses recognized in income related to the Company’s derivative instruments for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments: | | | | | |
Foreign currency contracts (a) | $ | 1,377 | | | $ | (159) | | | $ | 934 | |
Total Derivatives | $ | 1,377 | | | $ | (159) | | | $ | 934 | |
(a) Amounts are included in Interest and other income in the consolidated statements of operations.
NOTE 12 - CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
The Company is engaged in proceedings incidental to the normal course of business. Due to their nature, such legal proceedings involve inherent uncertainties, including but not limited to, court rulings, negotiations between affected parties and governmental intervention. Based upon the information available to the Company and discussions with legal counsel, it is the Company's opinion that the outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are incidental to its business will not have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Such matters, however, are subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of any matter is not predictable with assurance.
Insurance
The Company has insurance policies with varying deductibility levels for property and casualty losses and is insured for losses in excess of these deductibles on a per claim and aggregate basis. The Company is primarily self-insured for health care claims for eligible participating employees. The Company has stop-loss coverage to limit its exposure to significant claims on a per claim and annual aggregate basis. The Company determines its liabilities for claims, including incurred but not reported losses, based on all relevant information, including actuarial estimates of claim liabilities.
Other Matters
The Company is the lessee under many real estate leases, in which it agrees to indemnify the lessor from certain liabilities arising as a result of the use of the leased premises, including environmental liabilities. Additionally, from time to time, the Company enters into agreements with third parties in connection with the sale of assets in which it agrees to indemnify the purchaser from certain liabilities or costs arising in connection with the assets. Also, in the ordinary course of business in connection with purchases or sales of goods and services, the Company enters into agreements that may contain indemnification provisions. In the event that an indemnification claim is asserted, the Company's liability would be limited by the terms of the applicable agreement. See additional information on operating lease commitments in Note 13.
NOTE 13 - LEASES
As Lessee
The Company, as lessee, leases certain of its dealership locations, office space, equipment and vehicles under operating and financing classified leasing arrangements. The Company has elected to not record leases with a lease term at commencement of 12 months or less on the consolidated balance sheet; such leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many real estate lease agreements require the Company to pay the real estate taxes on the properties during the lease term and require that the Company maintains property insurance on each of the leased premises. Such payments are deemed to be variable lease payments, as the amounts may change during the term of the lease. Certain leases include renewal options that can extend the lease term for periods of one to ten years. Most real estate leases grant the Company a right of first refusal or other options to purchase the real estate, generally at fair market value, either during the lease term or at its conclusion. In most cases, the Company has not included these renewal and purchase options within the measurement of the right-of-use lease asset and lease liability. Most often the Company cannot readily determine the interest rate implicit in the lease and thus applies its incremental borrowing rate to capitalize the right-of-use asset and lease liability. We estimate our incremental borrowing rate by incorporating considerations of lease term, asset class and lease currency and geographical market. Our lease agreements do not contain any material non-lease components, residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The Company subleases a small number of real estate assets to third parties, primarily dealership locations for which we have ceased operations. All sublease arrangements are classified as operating leases.
The components of lease expense were as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Year Ended January 31, |
| | Classification | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | | | (in thousands) |
Finance lease cost: | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of leased assets | | Operating expenses | | $ | 862 | | | $ | 1,036 | | | $ | 1,585 | |
Interest on lease liabilities | | Other interest expense | | 184 | | | 255 | | | 451 | |
Operating lease cost | | Operating expenses and rental and other cost of revenue | | 13,535 | | | 14,471 | | | 18,025 | |
Short-term lease cost | | Operating expenses | | 71 | | | 273 | | | 340 | |
Variable lease cost | | Operating expenses | | 2,013 | | | 2,332 | | | 2,798 | |
Sublease income | | Interest and other income | | (1,384) | | | (894) | | | (547) | |
| | | | $ | 15,281 | | | $ | 17,473 | | | $ | 22,652 | |
Right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities consist of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Classification | | January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| | | | (in thousands) |
Assets | | | | | | |
Operating lease assets | | Operating lease assets | | $ | 50,206 | | | $ | 56,150 | |
Financing lease assets(a) | | Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | | 2,102 | | | 9,045 | |
Total leased assets | | | | $ | 52,308 | | | $ | 65,195 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | |
Current | | | | | | |
Operating | | Current operating lease liabilities | | $ | 9,855 | | | $ | 9,601 | |
Financing | | Accrued expenses and other | | 577 | | | 7,466 | |
Noncurrent | | | | | | |
Operating | | Operating lease liabilities | | 48,513 | | | 55,595 | |
Financing | | Other long-term liabilities | | 1,863 | | | 1,518 | |
Total lease liabilities | | | | $ | 60,808 | | | $ | 74,180 | |
(a)Finance lease assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $1.2 million and $1.7 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Maturities of lease liabilities as of January 31, 2023 are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Operating | | Finance | | |
| | Leases | | Leases | | Total |
Fiscal Year Ending January 31, | | (in thousands) |
2024 | | $ | 13,049 | | | $ | 744 | | | $ | 13,793 | |
2025 | | 12,563 | | | 672 | | | 13,235 | |
2026 | | 12,017 | | | 536 | | | 12,553 | |
2027 | | 11,104 | | | 424 | | | 11,528 | |
2028 | | 9,569 | | | 318 | | | 9,887 | |
Thereafter | | 10,791 | | | 343 | | | 11,134 | |
Total lease payments | | 69,093 | | | 3,037 | | | 72,130 | |
Less: Interest | | 10,725 | | | 597 | | | 11,322 | |
Present value of lease liabilities | | $ | 58,368 | | | $ | 2,440 | | | $ | 60,808 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The weighted-average lease term and discount rate as of January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years): | | | | |
Operating leases | | 5.7 | | 6.5 |
Financing leases | | 4.7 | | 1.3 |
Weighted-average discount rate: | | | | |
Operating leases | | 6.1% | | 6.1% |
Financing leases | | 8.3% | | 4.6% |
Other lease information is as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Year Ended January 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | (in thousands) | | |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | | | | | | |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | | $ | 12,628 | | | $ | 15,462 | | | $ | 18,267 | |
Operating cash flow from finance leases | | 184 | | | 255 | | | 451 | |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | | 701 | | | 1,211 | | | 1,816 | |
Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | | 6,261 | | | 2,154 | | | 3,066 | |
Finance lease assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities | | 4,385 | | | 463 | | | 512 | |
As Lessor
The Company rents equipment to customers, primarily in the Construction segment, on a short-term basis. Our rental arrangements generally do not include minimum, noncancellable periods as the lessee is entitled to cancel the arrangement at any time. Most often, our rental arrangements extend for periods ranging from a few days to a few months. We maintain a fleet of dedicated rental assets within our Construction segment and, within all segments, may also provide short-term rentals of certain equipment inventory assets. Certain rental arrangements may include rent-to-purchase options whereby customers are given a period of time to exercise an option to purchase the related equipment at an established price with any rental payments paid applied to reduce the purchase price.
All of the Company's leasing arrangements as lessor are classified as operating leases. Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the rental period. Rental revenue includes amounts charged for loss and damage insurance on rented equipment. In most cases, our rental arrangements include non-lease components, including delivery and pick-up services. The Company accounts for these non-lease components separate from the rental arrangement and recognizes the revenue associated with these components when the service is performed. The Company has elected to exclude from rental revenue all sales, value added and other taxes collected from our customers concurrent with our rental activities. Rental billings most often occur on a monthly basis and may be billed in advance or in arrears, thus creating unbilled rental receivables or deferred rental revenue amounts. The Company manages the residual value risk of its rented assets by (i) monitoring the quality, aging and anticipated retail market value of our rental fleet assets to determine the optimal period to remove an asset from the rental fleet, (ii) maintaining the quality of our assets through on-site parts and service support and (iii) requiring physical damage insurance of our lessee customers. We primarily dispose of our rental assets through the sale of the asset by our retail sales force.
Revenue generated from leasing activities is disclosed, by segment, in Note 3. The following is the balance of our dedicated rental fleet assets of our Construction segment as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| | (in thousands) |
Rental fleet equipment | | $ | 75,386 | | | $ | 65,117 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | 26,959 | | | 23,501 | |
| | $ | 48,427 | | | $ | 41,616 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 14 - INCOME TAXES
The components of income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands) |
U.S. | $ | 115,044 | | | $ | 74,349 | | | $ | 36,778 | |
Foreign | 20,197 | | | 12,552 | | | (6,025) | |
Total | $ | 135,241 | | | $ | 86,901 | | | $ | 30,753 | |
The provision for (benefit from) income taxes charged to income for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands) |
Current | | | | | |
Federal | $ | 15,943 | | | $ | 10,348 | | | $ | 12,825 | |
State | 5,776 | | | 3,316 | | | 1,442 | |
Foreign | 4,015 | | | 2,875 | | | 668 | |
Total current taxes | 25,734 | | | 16,539 | | | 14,935 | |
Deferred | | | | | |
Federal | 6,310 | | | 3,978 | | | (5,128) | |
State | 1,210 | | | 772 | | | 553 | |
Foreign | 119 | | | (435) | | | 1,037 | |
Total deferred taxes | 7,639 | | | 4,315 | | | (3,538) | |
Total | $ | 33,373 | | | $ | 20,854 | | | $ | 11,397 | |
The reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company's effective rate is as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
U.S. statutory rate | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % | | 21.0 | % |
Foreign statutory rates | (0.2) | % | | (2.4) | % | | (0.2) | % |
State taxes on income net of federal tax benefit | 4.7 | % | | 4.6 | % | | 4.8 | % |
Valuation allowances | 0.4 | % | | 0.6 | % | | 12.2 | % |
Impact of Ukraine currency gains or losses | (0.9) | % | | 0.7 | % | | (4.0) | % |
| | | | | |
All other, net | (0.3) | % | | (0.5) | % | | 3.3 | % |
| 24.7 | % | | 24.0 | % | | 37.1 | % |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following as of January 31, 2023 and 2022: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2023 | | 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Deferred tax assets: | | | |
Inventory allowances | $ | 2,551 | | | $ | 2,144 | |
Intangible assets | 290 | | | 1,219 | |
Net operating losses | 5,841 | | | 5,602 | |
Accrued liabilities and other | 3,913 | | | 4,164 | |
Receivables | 724 | | | 557 | |
| | | |
Stock-based compensation | 1,124 | | | 1,005 | |
Right of use lease liability | 14,238 | | | 17,463 | |
Other | 374 | | | 297 | |
Total deferred tax assets | 29,055 | | | 32,451 | |
Valuation allowances | (6,455) | | | (5,974) | |
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances | $ | 22,600 | | | $ | 26,477 | |
| | | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | |
Property and equipment | $ | (18,889) | | | $ | (12,076) | |
Right of use lease asset | (12,028) | | | (15,079) | |
| | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | $ | (30,917) | | | $ | (27,155) | |
| | | |
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ | (8,317) | | | $ | (678) | |
As of January 31, 2023, the Company has recorded $27.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards within certain of its foreign jurisdictions; $22.7 million of net operating loss carryforwards are within foreign jurisdictions with unlimited carryforward periods, and $4.9 million are within foreign jurisdictions that expire at various dates between the Company's fiscal years 2037 and 2038.
In reviewing the foreign deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2023, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance continued to be warranted in the Company's Ukrainian subsidiary, due to geopolitical concerns in the area. The Company also concluded a full valuation allowance on the Company's German and Luxembourg subsidiaries continued to be warranted based on the presence of historical losses and our expected future sources of taxable income. In the third quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company released the remaining valuation allowance on its Bulgarian subsidiary, resulting in a benefit of $0.3 million. In total, valuation allowances of $6.5 million exist for our international entities as of January 31, 2023.
In reviewing the foreign deferred tax assets as of January 31, 2022, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance continued to be warranted in the Company's Ukrainian subsidiary, due to geopolitical concerns in the area. It was also concluded that a full valuation allowance for the Company’s German and Luxembourg subsidiaries was warranted, based on the presence of historical losses and our expected future sources of taxable income, including the anticipated future reversal of our existing deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the second quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company recorded an additional $2.5 million valuation allowance related to the German and Luxembourg subsidiaries. It was also concluded that a partial release of the valuation allowance of the Company’s Bulgaria subsidiary is warranted based on the presence of historical income, and our expected future sources of taxable income, including the anticipated future reversal of our existing deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company recorded a benefit of $1.3 million from the partial release of the valuation allowance related to the Company’s Bulgaria subsidiary. In total, valuation allowances of $6.0 million exist for our international entities as of January 31, 2022.
At the end of fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, the Company concluded that a full valuation allowance continued to be warranted in certain jurisdictions. It was also concluded that a full valuation allowance for the Company's Ukrainian subsidiary was warranted and a partial valuation allowance for the Company's German subsidiary was warranted, based on the presence of historical losses and our expected future sources of taxable income, including the anticipated future reversal of our existing deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company recorded an additional $3.8 million valuation allowance related to the
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Ukrainian and German subsidiaries. In total, valuation allowances of $6.1 million existed for our international entities as of January 31, 2021.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and foreign countries. It is no longer subject to income tax examinations by U.S. federal tax authorities for fiscal years ended prior to January 31, 2020 and state tax authorities for fiscal years ended prior to January 31, 2019. Certain foreign jurisdictions are no longer subject to income tax examinations for the calendar year periods ranging between 2016 and 2022, depending on the jurisdiction of the entity.
As of January 31, 2023, the Company had accumulated undistributed earnings in non-U.S. subsidiaries of approximately $33.0 million. Upon repatriation of such earnings the Company could be subject to additional U.S. or foreign taxes. The Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability associated with these undistributed earnings as such earnings are to be reinvested outside of the U.S. indefinitely. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional tax that might be payable if such earnings were repatriated.
NOTE 15 - CAPITAL STRUCTURE
The Company's certificate of incorporation provides it with the authority to issue 50,000,000 shares of $0.00001 par value stock, consisting of 45,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares classified as undesignated.
NOTE 16 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock-Based Compensation Plans
The Company has one stock-based compensation plan, the Amended and Restated Titan Machinery Inc. 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2014 Equity Incentive Plan"), to provide incentive compensation to participants for services that have been or will be performed for continuing as employees or members of the Board of Directors of the Company. Under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, which has been approved by the stockholders of the Company, the Company may grant incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options and restricted stock for up to a maximum number of shares of common stock set forth in the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan under all forms of awards. Shares issued for stock-based awards consist of authorized but unissued shares. During the year ended January 31, 2021, the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan was amended to increase the shares available for equity awards from 1,650,000 shares to 2,200,000 shares. As of January 31, 2023, the Company has 587,273 shares authorized and available for future equity awards under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
Compensation cost arising from stock-based compensation and charged to operations was $3.3 million, $2.8 million, $2.7 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The related income tax benefit (net) was $1.3 million, $1.3 million and $0.4 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Restricted Stock Awards ("RSAs")
The Company grants RSAs as part of its long-term incentive compensation to employees and members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The fair value of these awards is determined based on the closing market price of the Company's stock on the date of grant. The RSAs primarily vest over a period of four years for employees and over one year for members of the Board of Directors. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the award. The restricted common stock underlying these awards are deemed issued and outstanding upon grant and carry the same voting and dividend rights of unrestricted outstanding common stock; provided, however, any dividends paid shall be subject to a right of forfeiture until the underlying rule of forfeiture of the RSA has lapsed.
The following table summarizes RSA activity for the year ended January 31, 2023: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
| (in thousands) | | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2022 | 308 | | | $ | 18.33 | |
Granted | 145 | | | 27.06 | |
Forfeited | (7) | | | 19.62 | |
Vested | (166) | | | 18.30 | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2023 | 280 | | | $ | 22.84 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSAs granted was $27.06, $34.24 and $10.54 during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The total fair value of RSAs vested was $4.6 million, $5.0 million and $1.6 million during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of January 31, 2023, there was $4.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSAs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.
Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")
The Company grants RSUs as part of its long-term incentive compensation to certain employees of the Company in our European operations. The fair value of these awards is determined based on the closing market price of the Company's stock on the date of grant. The RSUs primarily vest over a period of four years. The Company recognizes compensation expense ratably over the vesting period of the award. The restricted common stock underlying these awards are not deemed issued or outstanding upon grant, and do not carry any voting or dividend rights.
The following table summarizes RSU activity for the year ended January 31, 2023: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
| (in thousands) | | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2022 | 15 | | | $ | 16.30 | |
Granted | 4 | | | 26.23 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Vested | (7) | | | 13.16 | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2023 | 12 | | | $ | 21.24 | |
The weighted-average grant date fair value of RSUs granted was $26.23, $34.59, and $10.33 for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. As of January 31, 2023, there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
Long-Term Cash Incentive Awards
The Company grants long-term cash incentive awards as part of its long-term incentive compensation to certain international employees of the Company. The awards vest over a period of approximately four years and entitle the award recipient to a cash payment on the vesting date equal to the number of vested shares multiplied by the stock price of the Company on the date of vesting. These awards are liability-classified share-based payment awards in which fair value of the award is remeasured at each period until the liability is settled. Fair value of these awards is determined based on the closing price of the Company's stock as of the end of each reporting period. Changes in the fair value of the liability are recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period. The percentage of the fair value that is accrued as compensation cost at the end of each period is equal to the percentage of the requisite service that has been rendered at that date.
The following table summarizes activity for long-term cash incentive awards for the year ended January 31, 2023: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
| (in thousands) | | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2022 | 33 | | | $ | 17.52 | |
Granted | 11 | | | 26.23 | |
| | | |
| | | |
Vested | (13) | | | 16.57 | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2023 | 31 | | | $ | 21.06 | |
The weighted-average grant date fair value of long-term cash incentive awards granted was $26.23 during the year ended January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023, based on the Company's stock price on that day, there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 17 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following is a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), by component, for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment | | Net Investment Hedging Instruments, Unrealized Gain | | | | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
| (in thousands) |
Balance, January 31, 2020 | $ | (5,931) | | | $ | 2,711 | | | | | $ | (3,220) | |
Total other comprehensive loss | 4,719 | | | — | | | | | 4,719 | |
Balance, January 31, 2021 | (1,212) | | | 2,711 | | | | | 1,499 | |
Total other comprehensive income | (3,671) | | | — | | | | | (3,671) | |
Balance, January 31, 2022 | (4,883) | | | 2,711 | | | | | (2,172) | |
Total other comprehensive loss | (2,847) | | | — | | | | | (2,847) | |
Balance, January 31, 2023 | $ | (7,730) | | | $ | 2,711 | | | | | $ | (5,019) | |
Income taxes are not provided for foreign currency translation adjustments arising from permanent investments in international subsidiaries.
NOTE 18 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
The Company has a 401(k) profit-sharing plan ("401(k) Plan") for all employees at least 19 years of age. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company amended the 401(k) Plan where the Company matched 50% of the first 6% of the participating employee's contribution, to a company match of 50% on the first 8% of the participating employee's contributions. In addition, the Company may make a discretionary contribution to the 401(k) Plan as determined by the Board of Directors, with a maximum amount equal to the amount allowed under the IRS regulations. The Company recognized expense for contributions made to the 401(k) Plan totaling $5.4 million, $3.8 million and $3.1 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. All amounts contributed during these years reflected matching contributions, as no discretionary contributions were made by the Company to the 401(k) Plan.
Additionally, the 401(k) Plan for the recent acquisition of the Heartland Companies has continued for those employees. The plan allows all full-time employees at least 21 years of age, to be eligible, and the Company will match 100% of first 4% of the participating employee's contributions.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 19 - BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Fiscal 2023
On August 1, 2022, the Company acquired all outstanding equity interests of three entities, Heartland Agriculture, LLC, Heartland Solutions, LLC, and Heartland Leveraged Lender, LLC, (collectively referred to as the Heartland Companies") for $94.4 million in cash consideration. The Heartland Companies consist of 12 CaseIH commercial application agriculture locations, in the states of Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. The Heartland Companies have been a successful CaseIH commercial application dealer group and our acquisition of these entities provides the Company the opportunity for synergies due to the overlap of our footprints, which will allow us to package deals that will include both commercial application equipment as well as other agricultural and construction equipment to commercial customers within our core footprint. These locations are included in the Company's Agriculture segment. In the most recent completed fiscal year, the Heartland Companies generated revenue of approximately $214 million. The results of operations for the Heartland Companies from the August 1, 2022 closing date through January 31, 2023, were approximately $103.2 million of revenue and $4.6 million of pre-tax income. The Company incurred $1.1 million in acquisition related expenses in connection with this acquisition, included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended January 31, 2023.
On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired certain assets of Mark's Machinery, Inc. The acquired business consisted of two agricultural equipment stores in Wagner and Yankton, South Dakota. These locations are included in the Company's Agriculture segment. The total cash consideration transferred for the acquired business was $7.7 million.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company acquired from CNH Industrial and certain other manufacturers equipment and parts inventory previously owned by Mark's Machinery, Inc. Upon acquiring such inventories, the Company was offered floorplan financing by the respective manufacturers. In total, the Company acquired inventory and recognized a corresponding financing liability of $3.2 million. The recognition of these inventories and the associated financing liabilities are not included as part of the accounting for the business combination.
Fiscal 2022
On December 1, 2021, the Company acquired certain assets of Jaycox Implement, Inc. The acquired business consisted of three agricultural equipment stores in Worthington and Luverne, Minnesota and Lake Park, Iowa. These locations are included in the Company's Agriculture segment. The total cash consideration transferred for the acquired business was $28.2 million. The Company completed the real estate purchase on December 31, 2021 for a purchase price of $5.5 million, which was partially financed with long-term debt and the remainder was paid in cash.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company acquired from CNH Industrial and certain other manufacturers equipment and parts inventory previously owned by Jaycox Implement, Inc. Upon acquiring such inventories, the Company was offered floorplan financing by the respective manufacturers. In total, the Company acquired inventory and recognized a corresponding financing liability of $5.3 million. The recognition of these inventories and the associated financing liabilities are not included as part of the accounting for the business combination.
Fiscal 2021
On May 4, 2020, the Company acquired certain assets of HorizonWest Inc. This acquired CaseIH agriculture dealership complex consisted of three agriculture equipment stores in Scottsbluff and Sidney, Nebraska and Torrington, Wyoming, which expanded the Company's agriculture presence in Nebraska and into Wyoming. This acquisition occurred within the Company's Agriculture segment. The total consideration transferred for the acquired business was $6.8 million paid in cash.
In connection with the acquisition, the Company acquired from CNH Industrial and certain other manufacturers equipment and parts inventory previously owned by HorizonWest Inc. Upon acquiring such inventories, the Company was offered floorplan financing by the respective manufacturers. In total, the Company acquired inventory and recognized a corresponding financing liability of $2.7 million. The recognition of these inventories and the associated financing liabilities are not included as part of the accounting for the business combination.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Purchase Price Allocation
Each of the above acquisitions has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, which requires the Company to estimate the acquisition date fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As of January 31, 2023, all business combinations from fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021 are complete. The following table presents the aggregate purchase price allocations for all acquisitions completed during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Heartland Companies | Mark's Machinery | Year Ended January 31, |
| August 1, 2022 | April 1, 2022 | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| | | (in thousands) |
Assets acquired: | | | | | | | |
Cash | $ | 1,583 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 1,584 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 1 | |
Receivables | 9,007 | | 478 | | 9,485 | | | 1,197 | | | — | |
Inventories | 103,504 | | 3,386 | | 106,890 | | | 13,780 | | | 4,260 | |
Prepaid expenses and other | 602 | | 66 | | 668 | | | 47 | | | 48 | |
Property and equipment | 20,204 | | 4,088 | | 24,292 | | | 8,236 | | | 1,752 | |
Operating lease assets | 3,928 | | — | | 3,928 | | | — | | | 2,006 | |
Intangible assets | 7,100 | | 917 | | 8,017 | | | 4,121 | | | 245 | |
Goodwill | 21,087 | | 583 | | 21,670 | | | 7,519 | | | 484 | |
| | | | | | | |
| 167,015 | | 9,519 | | 176,534 | | | 34,904 | | | 8,796 | |
Liabilities Assumed: | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | 18,547 | | — | | 18,547 | | | — | | | — | |
Floorplan payable | 31,699 | | — | | 31,699 | | | — | | | — | |
Current operating lease liabilities | 541 | | — | | 541 | | | — | | | 159 | |
Deferred revenue | 5,195 | | 1,844 | | 7,039 | | | 1,261 | | | — | |
Accrued expenses and other | 3,523 | | — | | 3,523 | | | — | | | — | |
Long-term debt | 4,591 | | — | | 4,591 | | | — | | | — | |
Operating lease liabilities | 3,387 | | — | | 3,387 | | | — | | | 1,847 | |
Other Long-term liabilities | 5,152 | | | 5,152 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| 72,635 | | 1,844 | | 74,479 | | | 1,261 | | | 2,006 | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 94,380 | | $ | 7,675 | | $ | 102,055 | | | $ | 33,643 | | | $ | 6,790 | |
| | | | | | | |
Goodwill recognized by segment: | | | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 21,087 | | $ | 583 | | $ | 21,670 | | | $ | 7,519 | | | $ | 484 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Goodwill expected to be deductible for tax purposes | 21,087 | | 583 | | 21,670 | | | 7,519 | | | 484 | |
The recognition of goodwill in the above business combinations arose from the acquisition of an assembled workforce and anticipated synergies expected to be realized. The Company recognized, in the aggregate, a customer relationship intangible asset of $0.2 million, and $0.2 million for business combinations occurring during the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company recognized, in the aggregate, a non-competition intangible asset of $0.8 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million for business combinations occurring during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The Company recognized, in the aggregate, a distribution rights intangible asset of $7.0 million, $3.9 million and $0.2 million for business combinations occurring during the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The acquired non-competition and customer relationship intangible assets are being amortized over periods ranging from three to five years. The distribution rights assets are indefinite-lived intangible assets not subject to amortization, but are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events or when circumstances indicate that impairment may be present. The Company estimated the fair value of these intangible assets using a multi-period excess earnings model, an income approach. Acquisition related costs for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023, amounted to $1.1 million and acquisition related
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
costs for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, were not material. All acquisition related costs have been expensed as incurred and recognized as operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
Pro Forma Information
The following summarized unaudited pro forma condensed statement of operations information for the twelve months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 assumes that the Heartland Companies acquisition occurred as of February 1, 2021. The Company prepared the following summarized unaudited pro forma financial results for comparative purposes only. The summarized unaudited pro forma information may not be indicative of the results that would have occurred had the Company completed the acquisition as of February 1, 2021 or that will be attained in the future.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Year Ended January 31, |
| | | | | 2023 | | 2022 |
| | | | | (in thousands) |
Total Revenues | | | | | $ | 2,369,378 | | | $ | 1,928,193 | |
Net Income | | | | | $ | 111,062 | | | $ | 77,664 | |
NOTE 20 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of the Company's foreign currency contracts, which are either assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, was not material. These foreign currency contracts were valued using a discounted cash flow analysis, an income approach, utilizing readily observable market data as inputs, which is classified as a Level 2 fair value measurement.
The Company also estimated the fair value of long-lived assets to be approximately zero in certain instances when no future cash flows were assumed to be generated from the use of such assets and the expected sales values were deemed to be nominal. All such fair value measurements were based on unobservable inputs and thus are Level 3 fair value inputs.
The Company also has financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets, including cash, receivables, payables and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximated their fair values as of January 31, 2023 and January 31, 2022. Approximate fair value of these financial instruments was estimated based on Level 2 fair value inputs. The estimated fair value of the Company's Level 2 long-term debt, which is provided for disclosure purposes only, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (in thousands) |
Carrying amount | $ | 81,349 | | | $ | 68,267 | |
Fair value | $ | 70,434 | | | $ | 63,237 | |
NOTE 21 - SEGMENT INFORMATION AND OPERATING RESULTS
The Company has three reportable segments: Agriculture, Construction and International. The Company's segments are determined based on management structure, which is organized based on types of products sold and geographic areas, as described in the following paragraphs. The operating results for each segment are reported separately to the Company's Chief Executive Officer to make decisions regarding the allocation of resources, to assess the Company's operating performance and to make strategic decisions.
The Company's Agriculture segment sells, services, and rents machinery, and related parts and attachments, for uses ranging from large-scale farming to home and garden use in North America. This segment also includes ancillary sales and services related to agricultural activities and products such as equipment transportation, Global Positioning System ("GPS") signal subscriptions and finance and insurance products.
The Company's Construction segment sells, services, and rents machinery, and related parts and attachments, for uses ranging from heavy construction to light industrial machinery use to customers in North America. This segment also includes ancillary sales and services related to construction activities such as equipment transportation, GPS signal subscriptions and finance and insurance products.
The Company’s International segment sells, services, and rents machinery, and related parts and attachments, for uses ranging from large-scale farming and construction to home and garden use to customers in Eastern Europe.
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Revenue generated from sales to customers outside of the United States was $299.1 million, $318.0 million and $219.0 million for the years ended January 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of January 31, 2023 and 2022, $14.5 million and $15.6 million of the Company's long-lived assets were held in its European subsidiaries and the remaining were held in the United States.
The Company retains various unallocated income/(expense) items and assets at the general corporate level, which the Company refers to as "Shared Resources" in the table below. Shared Resource assets primarily consist of cash and property and equipment. Revenue between segments is immaterial.
Certain financial information for each of the Company's business segments is set forth below. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
| (in thousands) |
Revenue | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 1,601,720 | | | $ | 1,076,751 | | | $ | 886,485 | |
Construction | 308,457 | | | 317,164 | | | 305,745 | |
International | 299,129 | | | 317,991 | | | 218,992 | |
Total | $ | 2,209,306 | | | $ | 1,711,906 | | | $ | 1,411,222 | |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 102,733 | | | $ | 60,567 | | | $ | 34,422 | |
Construction | 18,569 | | | 15,543 | | | 186 | |
International | 20,197 | | | 12,552 | | | (6,025) | |
Segment income before income taxes | 141,499 | | | 88,662 | | | 28,583 | |
Shared Resources | (6,258) | | | (1,761) | | | 2,170 | |
Total | $ | 135,241 | | | $ | 86,901 | | | $ | 30,753 | |
Total Impairment | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 272 | |
Construction | — | | | — | | | 597 | |
International | — | | | 1,498 | | | 2,311 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Total | $ | — | | | $ | 1,498 | | | $ | 3,180 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Interest Income | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 79 | | | $ | 37 | | | $ | 72 | |
Construction | 110 | | | 114 | | | 135 | |
International | 133 | | | 113 | | | 46 | |
Segment interest income | 322 | | | 264 | | | 253 | |
Shared Resources | 17 | | | 65 | | | 16 | |
Total | $ | 339 | | | $ | 329 | | | $ | 269 | |
Interest Expense | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 3,573 | | | $ | 2,564 | | | $ | 4,884 | |
Construction | 2,218 | | | 2,614 | | | 5,552 | |
International | 1,345 | | | 2,128 | | | 2,796 | |
Segment interest expense | 7,136 | | | 7,306 | | | 13,232 | |
Shared Resources | (192) | | | (1,594) | | | (6,050) | |
Total | $ | 6,944 | | | $ | 5,712 | | | $ | 7,182 | |
TITAN MACHINERY INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended January 31, |
| 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Depreciation and Amortization | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 9,035 | | | $ | 5,942 | | | $ | 5,337 | |
Construction | 9,262 | | | 10,482 | | | 12,197 | |
International | 2,730 | | | 2,858 | | | 2,645 | |
Segment depreciation and amortization | 21,027 | | | 19,282 | | | 20,179 | |
Shared Resources | 4,170 | | | 2,857 | | | 3,522 | |
Total | $ | 25,197 | | | $ | 22,139 | | | $ | 23,701 | |
Capital Expenditures | | | | | |
Agriculture | $ | 15,303 | | | $ | 13,879 | | | $ | 5,355 | |
Construction | 10,721 | | | 17,941 | | | 8,202 | |
International | 2,767 | | | 2,687 | | | 2,124 | |
Segment capital expenditures | 28,791 | | | 34,507 | | | 15,681 | |
Shared Resources | 7,691 | | | 3,119 | | | 4,408 | |
Total | $ | 36,482 | | | $ | 37,626 | | | $ | 20,089 | |
| | | | | |
| | | January 31, 2023 | | January 31, 2022 |
Total Assets | | | (in thousands) |
Agriculture | | | $ | 788,265 | | | $ | 481,190 | |
Construction | | | 187,739 | | | 157,846 | |
International | | | 170,647 | | | 155,275 | |
Segment assets | | | 1,146,651 | | | 794,311 | |
Shared Resources | | | 42,044 | | | 152,356 | |
Total | | | $ | 1,188,695 | | | $ | 946,667 | |
NOTE 22 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On February 1, 2023, the Company acquired certain assets of Pioneer Equipment. The acquired business consists of five agricultural equipment stores in American Falls, Blackfoot, Idaho Falls, Rexburg, and Rupert, Idaho. These locations will be included in the Company's Agriculture segment. In its most recently available completed fiscal year, ended December 31, 2021, Pioneer Equipment generated revenue of approximately $60.0 million. The total cash consideration paid for the acquired business was $10.1 million, and the Company used cash on hand to fund the acquisition. The Company has committed to acquire the real estate of Pioneer Equipment subject to customary closing conditions, for a purchase price of $9.4 million. The Company closed on three of the properties on March 8, 2023 and anticipates closing on the remaining locations on or before April 30, 2023. The Company has considered the disclosure requirements of ASC 805-10-50-2 and ASC 805-10-50-4 but has not included certain required disclosures in this report due to determination that it is not a material transaction.