BMO Bank of Montreal

 

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement and the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus are not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject To Completion, dated July 9, 2024 PRICING SUPPLEMENT No. ELN2775 dated July __, 2024 (To Product Supplement No. WF1 dated July 20, 2022, Prospectus Supplement dated May 26, 2022 and Prospectus dated May 26, 2022)

Filed Pursuant to Rule 433 Registration Statement No. 333-264388

	Bank of Montreal Senior Medium-Term Notes, Series I Equity Index Linked Securities
	Market Linked Securities—Leveraged Upside Participation to a Cap and Contingent Downside Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the S&P 500® Index due July 13, 2029

On the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, the estimated initial value of the securities is $951.80 per security. The estimated initial value of the securities on the pricing date may differ from this value but will not be less than $910.00 per security. However, as discussed in more detail in this pricing supplement, the actual value of the securities at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted with accuracy. See “Estimated Value of the Securities” in this pricing supplement.

The securities have complex features and investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. See "Selected Risk Considerations" beginning on page PRS-8 herein and "Risk Factors" beginning on page PS-5 of the accompanying product supplement.

The securities are the unsecured obligations of Bank of Montreal, and, accordingly, all payments on the securities are subject to the credit risk of Bank of Montreal. If Bank of Montreal defaults on its obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. The securities are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Deposit Insurance Fund, the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

	Original Offering Price	Agent Discount(1)(2)	Proceeds to Bank of Montreal
Per Security	$1,000.00	Up to $38.70	$961.30
Total

(1)

Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is the agent for the distribution of the securities and is acting as principal. See “Terms of the Securities—Agent” and “Estimated Value of the Securities” in this pricing supplement for further information.

(2)

In addition to the foregoing, in respect of certain securities sold in this offering, our affiliate, BMO Capital Markets Corp., may pay a fee of up to $2.00 per security to selected securities dealers in consideration for marketing and other services in connection with the distribution of the securities to other securities dealers.

Wells Fargo Securities

 

 

Terms of the Securities

 

Issuer:	Bank of Montreal.
Market Measure:	S&P 500® Index (the "Index").
Pricing Date*:	July 10, 2024.
Issue Date*:	July 15, 2024.
Original Offering Price:	$1,000 per security.
Face Amount:	$1,000 per security. References in this pricing supplement to a "security" are to a security with a face amount of $1,000.
Maturity Payment Amount:	On the stated maturity date, you will be entitled to receive a cash payment per security in U.S. dollars equal to the maturity payment amount. The "maturity payment amount" per security will equal:   •    if the ending level is greater than the starting level: $1,000 plus the lesser of:   (i) $1,000 × index return × upside participation rate; and   (ii) the maximum return;   •    if the ending level is less than or equal to the starting level, but greater than or equal to the threshold level: $1,000; or   •    if the ending level is less than the threshold level:   $1,000 + ($1,000 × index return)   If the ending level is less than the threshold level, you will have full downside exposure to the decrease in the level of the Index from the starting level and will lose more than 25%, and possibly all, of the face amount of your securities at maturity.

Stated Maturity Date*:	July 13, 2029, subject to postponement. The securities are not subject to redemption by Bank of Montreal or repayment at the option of any holder of the securities prior to the stated maturity date.
Starting Level:	, the closing level of the Index on the pricing date.
Closing Level:	Closing level has the meaning set forth under "General Terms of the Securities—Certain Terms for Securities Linked to an Index—Certain Definitions" in the accompanying product supplement.
Ending Level:	The "ending level" will be the closing level of the Index on the calculation day.
Maximum Return:	The “maximum return” will be determined on the pricing date and will be at least 60% of the face amount per security ($600.00 per security). As a result of the maximum return, the maximum maturity payment amount will be at least $1,600.00 per security.
Threshold Level:	, which is equal to 75% of the starting level.
Upside Participation Rate:	175%.
Index Return:	The "index return" is the percentage change from the starting level to the ending level, measured as follows: ending level – starting level starting level
Calculation Day*:	July 10, 2029, subject to postponement.
Market Disruption Events and Postponement Provisions:	The calculation day is subject to postponement due to non-trading days and the occurrence of a market disruption event. In addition, the stated maturity date will be postponed if the calculation day is postponed and will be adjusted for non-business days.   For more information regarding adjustments to the calculation day and the stated maturity date, see "General Terms of the Securities—Consequences of a Market Disruption Event; Postponement of a Calculation Day—Securities Linked to a Single Market Measure" and "—Payment Dates" in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, for information regarding the circumstances that may result in a Market Disruption Event, see "General Terms of the Securities—Certain Terms for Securities Linked to an Index—Market Disruption Events" in the accompanying product supplement.

 

 

Calculation Agent:	BMO Capital Markets Corp. ("BMOCM").
Material Tax Consequences:	For a discussion of the material U.S. federal income and certain estate tax consequences and the Canadian federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the securities, see “United States Federal Tax Considerations" below, and the sections of the product supplement, "United States Federal Tax Considerations" and "Canadian Federal Income Tax Consequences."
Agent:	Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“WFS”) is the agent for the distribution of the securities. The agent will receive an agent discount of up to $38.70. The agent may resell the securities to other securities dealers at the original offering price of the securities less a concession not in excess of $30.00 per security. Such securities dealers may include Wells Fargo Advisors (“WFA”) (the trade name of the retail brokerage business of WFS’s affiliates, Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC). In addition to the concession allowed to WFA, WFS will pay $1.20 per security of the agent discount that it receives to WFA as a distribution expense fee for each security sold by WFA.   In addition, in respect of certain securities sold in this offering, BMOCM may pay a fee of up to $2.00 per security to selected securities dealers in consideration for marketing and other services in connection with the distribution of the securities to other securities dealers.   WFS, BMOCM and/or one or more of their respective affiliates expects to realize hedging profits projected by their proprietary pricing models to the extent they assume the risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the securities. If WFS or any other dealer participating in the distribution of the securities or any of their affiliates conduct hedging activities for us in connection with the securities, that dealer or its affiliates will expect to realize a profit projected by its proprietary pricing models from those hedging activities. Any such projected profit will be in addition to any discount, concession or fee received in connection with the sale of the securities to you.
Denominations:	$1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000.

CUSIP:

06376B2L1

________________________

*

To the extent that we make any change to the expected pricing date or expected issue date, the calculation day and stated maturity date may also be changed in our discretion to ensure that the term of the securities remains the same.

 

 

Additional Information About the Issuer and the Securities

 

You should read this pricing supplement together with product supplement No. WF1 dated July 20, 2022, the prospectus supplement dated May 26, 2022 and the prospectus dated May 26, 2022 for additional information about the securities. Information included in this pricing supplement supersedes information in the product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus to the extent it is different from that information. Certain defined terms used but not defined herein have the meanings set forth in the product supplement, prospectus supplement or prospectus.

 

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 927971. When we refer to “we,” “us” or “our” in this pricing supplement, we refer only to Bank of Montreal.

 

You may access the product supplement, prospectus supplement and prospectus on the SEC website www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filing for the relevant date on the SEC website):

 

•

Product Supplement No. WF1 dated July 20, 2022:

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927971/000121465922009020/r715220424b5.htm

 

•

Prospectus Supplement and prospectus dated May 26, 2022:

https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/927971/000119312522160519/d269549d424b5.htm

 

We have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus) with the SEC for the offering to which this document relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement and the other documents that we have filed with the SEC for more complete information about us and this offering. You may obtain these documents free of charge by visiting the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Alternatively, we will arrange to send to you the prospectus (as supplemented by the prospectus supplement if you request it by calling BMOCM toll-free at 1-877-369-5412.

 

 

Estimated Value of the Securities

 

Our estimated initial value of the securities on the date of this preliminary pricing supplement, and that will be set forth on the cover page of the final pricing supplement relating to the securities, equals the sum of the values of the following hypothetical components:

 

·

a fixed-income debt component with the same tenor as the securities, valued using our internal funding rate for structured notes; and

 

·

one or more derivative transactions relating to the economic terms of the securities.

 

The internal funding rate used in the determination of the initial estimated value generally represents a discount from the credit spreads for our conventional fixed-rate debt. The value of these derivative transactions is derived from our internal pricing models. These models are based on factors such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on other inputs, which include volatility, dividend rates, interest rates and other factors. As a result, the estimated initial value of the securities on the pricing date will be determined based on market conditions at that time.

 

For more information about the estimated initial value of the securities, see “Selected Risk Considerations” below.

 

 

Investor Considerations

 

The securities are not appropriate for all investors. The securities may be an appropriate investment for investors who:

 

§

seek 175% leveraged exposure to the upside performance of the Index if the ending level is greater than the starting level, subject to the maximum return at maturity of at least 60.00% (to be determined on the pricing date) of the face amount;

 

§

desire payment of the face amount at maturity so long as the ending level is not less than the starting level by more than 25%;

 

§

are willing to accept the risk that, if the ending level is less than the starting level by more than 25%, they will be fully exposed to the decrease in the level of the Index from the starting level, and will lose more than 25%, and possibly all, of the face amount per security at maturity;

 

§

are willing to forgo interest payments on the securities and dividends on the securities included in the Index; and

 

§

are willing to hold the securities until maturity.

 

The securities may not be an appropriate investment for investors who:

 

§

seek a liquid investment or are unable or unwilling to hold the securities to maturity;

 

§

are unwilling to accept the risk that the ending level of the Index may decrease from the starting level by more than 25%;

 

§

seek uncapped exposure to the upside performance of the Index;

 

§

seek full return of the face amount of the securities at stated maturity;

 

§

are unwilling to purchase securities with an estimated value as of the pricing date that is lower than the original offering price and that may be as low as the lower estimated value set forth on the cover page;

 

§

seek current income over the term of the securities;

 

§

are unwilling to accept the risk of exposure to the Index;

 

§

seek exposure to the Index but are unwilling to accept the risk/return trade-offs inherent in the maturity payment amount for the securities;

 

§

are unwilling to accept the credit risk of Bank of Montreal to obtain exposure to the Index generally, or to the exposure to the Index that the securities provide specifically; or

 

§

prefer the lower risk of fixed income investments with comparable maturities issued by companies with comparable credit ratings.

 

The considerations identified above are not exhaustive. Whether or not the securities are an appropriate investment for you will depend on your individual circumstances, and you should reach an investment decision only after you and your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisors have carefully considered the appropriateness of an investment in the securities in light of your particular circumstances. You should also review carefully the "Selected Risk Considerations" herein and the "Risk Factors" in the accompanying product supplement for risks related to an investment in the securities. For more information about the Index, please see the section titled "The S&P 500^® Index" below.

 

 

Determining Payment at Stated Maturity

 

 

 

 

Selected Risk Considerations

 

The securities have complex features and investing in the securities will involve risks not associated with an investment in conventional debt securities. Some of the risks that apply to an investment in the securities are summarized below, but we urge you to read the more detailed explanation of the risks relating to the securities generally in the "Risk Factors" section of the accompanying product supplement. You should reach an investment decision only after you have carefully considered with your advisors the appropriateness of an investment in the securities in light of your particular circumstances.

 

Risks Relating To The Terms And Structure Of The Securities

 

If The Ending Level Is Less Than The Threshold Level, You Will Lose More Than 25%, And Possibly All, Of The Face Amount Of Your Securities At Maturity.

 

We will not repay you a fixed amount on the securities on the stated maturity date. The maturity payment amount will depend on the direction of and percentage change in the ending level relative to the starting level and the other terms of the securities. Because the level of the Index will be subject to market fluctuations, the maturity payment amount may be more or less, and possibly significantly less, than the face amount of your securities.

 

If the ending level is less than the threshold level, the maturity payment amount will be less than the face amount and you will have full downside exposure to the decrease in the level of the Index from the starting level. The threshold level is 75% of the starting level. For example, if the Index has declined by 25.1% from the starting level to the ending level, you will not receive any benefit of the contingent downside feature and you will lose 25.1% of the face amount per security. As a result, you will not receive any protection if the level of the Index declines below the threshold level and you will lose more than 25%, and possibly all, of the face amount per security at maturity. This is the case even if the level of the Index is greater than or equal to the starting level or the threshold level at certain times during the term of the securities.

 

Even if the ending level is greater than the starting level, the maturity payment amount may only be slightly greater than the face amount, and your yield on the securities may be less than the yield you would earn if you bought a traditional interest-bearing debt security of Bank of Montreal or another issuer with a similar credit rating with the same stated maturity date.

 

No Periodic Interest Will Be Paid On The Securities.

 

No periodic payments of interest will be made on the securities. However, if the agreed-upon tax treatment is successfully challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), you may be required to recognize taxable income over the term of the securities. You should review the section of this pricing supplement entitled "United States Federal Tax Considerations."

 

Your Return Will Be Limited To The Maximum Return And May Be Lower Than The Return On A Direct Investment In The Index.

 

The opportunity to participate in the possible increases in the level of the Index through an investment in the securities will be limited because any positive return on the securities will not exceed the maximum return. Therefore, your return on the securities may be lower than the return on a direct investment in the Index. Furthermore, the effect of the upside participation rate will be progressively reduced for all ending levels exceeding the ending level at which the maximum return is reached.

 

The Securities Are Subject To Credit Risk.

 

The securities are our obligations and are not, either directly or indirectly, an obligation of any third party. Any amounts payable under the securities are subject to our creditworthiness and you will have no ability to pursue any securities included in the Index for payment. As a result, our actual and perceived creditworthiness may affect the value of the securities and, in the event we were to default on our obligations under the securities, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the terms of the securities.

 

Significant Aspects Of The Tax Treatment Of The Securities Are Uncertain.

 

The tax treatment of an investment in the securities is uncertain. We do not plan to request a ruling from the IRS or from the Canada Revenue Agency regarding the tax treatment of an investment in the securities, and the IRS, the Canada Revenue Agency or a court may not agree with the tax treatment described in this pricing supplement and/or the accompanying product supplement.

 

The IRS has issued a notice indicating that it and the U.S. Treasury Department are actively considering whether, among other issues, a holder should be required to accrue interest over the term of an instrument such as the securities even though that holder will not receive any payments with respect to the securities until maturity or earlier sale or exchange and whether all or part of the gain a holder may recognize upon sale, exchange or maturity of an instrument such as the securities should be treated as ordinary income. The outcome of this process is uncertain and could apply on a retroactive basis.

 

Please read carefully the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in this pricing supplement, the section entitled “United States Federal Income Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus and the section entitled “United States Federal Tax Considerations” in the accompanying product supplement. You should consult your tax advisor about your own tax situation.

 

 

For a discussion of the Canadian federal income tax consequences of investing in the securities, please read the section entitled “Certain Income Tax Consequences — Certain Canadian Income Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus supplement. You should consult your tax advisor about your own tax situation.

 

The Stated Maturity Date May Be Postponed If The Calculation Day Is Postponed.

 

The calculation day will be postponed if the originally scheduled calculation day is not a trading day or if the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event has occurred or is continuing on the calculation day. If such a postponement occurs, the stated maturity date will be the later of (i) the initial stated maturity date and (ii) three business days after the calculation day as postponed.

 

Risks Relating To The Estimated Value Of The Securities And Any Secondary Market

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities On The Pricing Date, Based On Our Proprietary Pricing Models, Will Be Less Than The Original Offering Price.

 

Our initial estimated value of the securities is only an estimate, and is based on a number of factors. The original offering price of the securities may exceed our initial estimated value, because costs associated with offering, structuring and hedging the securities are included in the original offering price, but are not included in the estimated value. These costs include the agent discount and selling concessions, the profits that we and our affiliates and/or the agent and its affiliates expect to realize for assuming the risks in hedging our obligations under the securities, and the estimated cost of hedging these obligations. The initial estimated value may be as low as the amount indicated on the cover page of this pricing supplement.

 

The Terms Of The Securities Are Not Determined By Reference To The Credit Spreads For Our Conventional Fixed-Rate Debt.

 

To determine the terms of the securities, we will use an internal funding rate that represents a discount from the credit spreads for our conventional fixed-rate debt. As a result, the terms of the securities are less favorable to you than if we had used a higher funding rate.

 

The Estimated Value Of The Securities Is Not An Indication Of The Price, If Any, At Which WFS Or Any Other Person May Be Willing To Buy The Securities From You In The Secondary Market.

 

Our initial estimated value of the securities as of the date of this preliminary pricing supplement is, and our estimated value as determined on the pricing date will be, derived using our internal pricing models. This value is based on market conditions and other relevant factors, which include volatility of the Index, dividend rates and interest rates. Different pricing models and assumptions, including those used by the agent, its affiliates or other market participants, could provide values for the securities that are greater than or less than our initial estimated value. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors after the pricing date are expected to change, possibly rapidly, and our assumptions may prove to be incorrect. After the pricing date, the value of the securities could change dramatically due to changes in market conditions, our creditworthiness, and the other factors set forth in this pricing supplement. These changes are likely to impact the price, if any, at which WFS or its affiliates or any other party (including us or our affiliates) would be willing to purchase the securities from you in any secondary market transactions. Our initial estimated value does not represent a minimum price at which WFS or any other party (including us or our affiliates) would be willing to buy your securities in any secondary market at any time.

 

WFS has advised us that if it, WFA or any of their affiliates makes a secondary market in the securities at any time, the secondary market price offered by it, WFA or any of their affiliates will be affected by changes in market conditions and other factors described in the next risk factor. WFS has advised us that if it, WFA or any of their affiliates makes a secondary market in the securities at any time up to the issue date or during the 5-month period following the issue date, the secondary market price offered by it, WFA or any of its affiliates will be increased by an amount reflecting a portion of the costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the securities that are included in their original offering price. Because this portion of the costs is not fully deducted upon issuance, WFS has advised us that any secondary market price it, WFA or any of their affiliates offers during this period will be higher than it otherwise would be after this period, as any secondary market price offered after this period will reflect the full deduction of the costs as described above. WFS has advised us that the amount of this increase in the secondary market price will decline steadily to zero over this 5-month period. WFS has advised us that, if you hold the securities through an account with WFS, WFA or any of their affiliates, WFS expects that this increase will also be reflected in the value indicated for the securities on your brokerage account statement. If you hold your securities through an account at a broker-dealer other than WFS, WFA or any of their affiliates, the value of the securities on your brokerage account statement may be different than if you held your securities at WFS, WFA or any of their affiliates.

 

The Value Of The Securities Prior To Stated Maturity Will Be Affected By Numerous Factors, Some Of Which Are Related In Complex Ways.

 

The value of the securities prior to stated maturity will be affected by the then-current level of the Index, interest rates at that time and a number of other factors, some of which are interrelated in complex ways. The effect of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following factors, which we refer to as the “derivative component factors,” and which are described in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, are expected to affect the value of the securities: performance of the Index; interest rates; volatility of the Index; time remaining to maturity; and dividend yields on the securities included in the Index. When we refer to the “value” of your security, we mean the value you could receive for your security if you are able to sell it in the open market before the stated maturity date.

 

 

In addition to the derivative component factors, the value of the securities will be affected by actual or anticipated changes in our creditworthiness. You should understand that the impact of one of the factors specified above, such as a change in interest rates, may offset some or all of any change in the value of the securities attributable to another factor, such as a change in the level of the Index. Because numerous factors are expected to affect the value of the securities, changes in the level of the Index may not result in a comparable change in the value of the securities. We anticipate that the value of the securities will always be at a discount to the face amount plus the maximum return.

 

The Securities Will Not Be Listed On Any Securities Exchange And We Do Not Expect A Trading Market For The Securities To Develop.

 

The securities will not be listed or displayed on any securities exchange or any automated quotation system. Although the agent and/or its affiliates may purchase the securities from holders, they are not obligated to do so and are not required to make a market for the securities. There can be no assurance that a secondary market will develop. Because we do not expect that any market makers will participate in a secondary market for the securities, the price at which you may be able to sell your securities is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which the agent is willing to buy your securities.

If a secondary market does exist, it may be limited. Accordingly, there may be a limited number of buyers if you decide to sell your securities prior to stated maturity. This may affect the price you receive upon such sale. Consequently, you should be willing to hold the securities to stated maturity.

 

Risks Relating To The Index

 

The Maturity Payment Amount Will Depend Upon The Performance Of The Index And Therefore The Securities Are Subject To The Following Risks, Each As Discussed In More Detail In The Accompanying Product Supplement.

 

·

Investing In The Securities Is Not The Same As Investing In The Index. Investing in the securities is not equivalent to investing in the Index. As an investor in the securities, your return will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned and held the securities included in the Index for a period similar to the term of the securities because you will not receive any dividend payments, distributions or any other payments paid on those securities. As a holder of the securities, you will not have any voting rights or any other rights that holders of the securities included in the Index would have.

 

·

Historical Levels Of The Index Should Not Be Taken As An Indication Of The Future Performance Of The Index During The Term Of The Securities.

 

·

Changes That Affect The Index May Adversely Affect The Value Of The Securities And The Maturity Payment Amount.

 

·

We Cannot Control Actions By Any Of The Unaffiliated Companies Whose Securities Are Included In The Index.

 

·

We And Our Affiliates Have No Affiliation With The Index Sponsor And Have Not Independently Verified Its Public Disclosure Of Information.

 

Risks Relating To Conflicts Of Interest

 

Our Economic Interests And Those Of Any Dealer Participating In The Offering Are Potentially Adverse To Your Interests.

 

You should be aware of the following ways in which our economic interests and those of any dealer participating in the distribution of the securities, which we refer to as a "participating dealer," are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities. In engaging in certain of the activities described below and as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may take actions that may adversely affect the value of and your return on the securities, and in so doing they will have no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the securities. Our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may realize a profit from these activities even if investors do not receive a favorable investment return on the securities.

 

·

The calculation agent is our affiliate and may be required to make discretionary judgments that affect the return you receive on the securities. BMOCM, which is our affiliate, will be the calculation agent for the securities. As calculation agent, BMOCM will determine any values of the Index and make any other determinations necessary to calculate any payments on the securities. In making these determinations, BMOCM may be required to make discretionary judgments that may adversely affect any payments on the securities. See the sections entitled "General Terms of the Securities— Certain Terms for Securities Linked to an Index—Market Disruption Events,"—Adjustments to an Index" and "—Discontinuance of an Index" in the accompanying product supplement. In making these discretionary judgments, the fact that BMOCM is our affiliate may cause it to have economic interests that are adverse to your interests as an investor in the securities, and our determinations as calculation agent may adversely affect your return on the securities.

 

·

The estimated value of the securities was calculated by us and is therefore not an independent third-party valuation.

 

 

·

Research reports by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may be inconsistent with an investment in the securities and may adversely affect the level of the Index.

 

·

Business activities of our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates with the companies whose securities are included in the Index may adversely affect the level of the Index.

 

·

Hedging activities by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may adversely affect the level of the Index.

 

·

Trading activities by our affiliates or any participating dealer or its affiliates may adversely affect the level of the Index.

 

·

A participating dealer or its affiliates may realize hedging profits projected by its proprietary pricing models in addition to any selling concession and/or fee, creating a further incentive for the participating dealer to sell the securities to you.

 

 

Hypothetical Examples and Returns

 

The payout profile, return table and examples below illustrate the maturity payment amount for a $1,000 face amount security on a hypothetical offering of securities under various scenarios, with the assumptions set forth in the table below. The terms used for purposes of these hypothetical examples do not represent the actual starting level or threshold level. The hypothetical starting level of 100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual starting level. The actual starting level and threshold level will be determined on the pricing date and will be set forth under "Terms of the Securities" above in the final pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual closing levels of the Index, see the historical information set forth herein. The payout profile, return table and examples below assume that an investor purchases the securities for $1,000 per security. These examples are for purposes of illustration only and the values used in the examples may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The actual maturity payment amount and resulting pre-tax total rate of return will depend on the actual terms of the securities.

 

Upside Participation Rate:	175%
Hypothetical Maximum Return:	60.00% or $600.00 per security (the lowest maximum return that may be determined on the pricing date)
Hypothetical Starting Level:	100.00
Hypothetical Threshold Level:	75.00 (75% of the hypothetical starting level)

 

Hypothetical Payout Profile

 

 

 

 

Hypothetical Returns

 

Hypothetical ending level	Hypothetical index return(1)	Hypothetical maturity payment amount per security	Hypothetical pre-tax total rate of return(2)
200.00	100.00%	$1,600.00	60.00%
175.00	75.00%	$1,600.00	60.00%
160.00	60.00%	$1,600.00	60.00%
150.00	50.00%	$1,600.00	60.00%
140.00	40.00%	$1,600.00	60.00%
134.29	34.29%	$1,600.00	60.00%
130.00	30.00%	$1,525.00	52.50%
120.00	20.00%	$1,350.00	35.00%
110.00	10.00%	$1,175.00	17.500%
105.00	5.00%	$1,087.50	8.750%
100.00	0.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
90.00	-10.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
80.00	-20.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
75.00	-25.00%	$1,000.00	0.00%
74.00	-26.00%	$740.00	-26.00%
70.00	-30.00%	$700.00	-30.00%
60.00	-40.00%	$600.00	-40.00%
50.00	-50.00%	$500.00	-50.00%
25.00	-75.00%	$250.00	-75.00%
0.00	-100.00%	$0.00	-100.00%

 

(1)

The index return is equal to the percentage change from the starting level to the ending level (i.e., the ending level minus starting level, divided by starting level).

 

(2)

The hypothetical pre-tax total rate of return is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the maturity payment amount per security to the face amount of $1,000.

 

 

Hypothetical Examples

 

Example 1. Maturity payment amount is greater than the face amount and reflects a return that is less than the maximum return:

	The Index
Hypothetical starting level:	100.00
Hypothetical ending level:	110.00
Hypothetical threshold level:	75.00
Hypothetical index return (ending level – starting level)/starting level:	10.00%

 

Because the hypothetical ending level is greater than the hypothetical starting level, the maturity payment amount per security would be equal to the face amount of $1,000 plus a positive return equal to the lesser of:

 

(i)        $1,000 × index return × upside participation rate

 

$1,000 × 10.00% × 175.00%

 

= $175.00; and

 

(ii)        the maximum return of $600.00

 

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1,175.00 per security.

 

Example 2. Maturity payment amount is greater than the face amount and reflects a return equal to the maximum return:

	The Index
Hypothetical starting level:	100.00
Hypothetical ending level:	140.00
Hypothetical threshold level:	75.00
Hypothetical index return (ending level – starting level)/starting level:	40.00%

 

Because the hypothetical ending level is greater than the hypothetical starting level, the maturity payment amount per security would be equal to the face amount of $1,000 plus a positive return equal to the lesser of:

 

(i)        $1,000 × index return × upside participation rate

 

$1,000 × 40.00% × 175.00%

 

= $700.00; and

 

(ii)        the maximum return of $600.00

 

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1,600.00 per security, which is the maximum maturity payment amount.

 

In addition to limiting your return on the securities, the maximum return limits the positive effect of the upside participation rate. If the ending level is greater than the starting level, you will participate in the performance of the Index at a rate of 175% up to a certain point. However, the effect of the upside participation rate will be progressively reduced for ending levels that are greater than approximately 134.29% of the starting level (assuming a maximum return of 60.00% or $1,000.00 per security, the lowest maximum return that may be set on the pricing date) since your return on the securities for any ending level greater than approximately 134.29% of the starting level will be limited to the maximum return.

 

 

Example 3. Maturity payment amount is equal to the face amount:

	The Index
Hypothetical starting level:	100.00
Hypothetical ending level:	95.00
Hypothetical threshold level:	75.00
Hypothetical index return (ending level – starting level)/starting level:	-5.00%

 

 

Because the hypothetical ending level is less than the hypothetical starting level, but not by more than 25%, you would not lose any of the face amount of your securities.

 

On the stated maturity date you would receive $1,000.00 per security.

 

 

Example 4. Maturity payment amount is less than the face amount:

	The Index
Hypothetical starting level:	100.00
Hypothetical ending level:	50.00
Hypothetical threshold level:	75.00
Hypothetical index return (ending level – starting level)/starting level:	-50.00%

 

 

Because the hypothetical ending level is less than the hypothetical starting level by more than 25%, you would lose a portion of the face amount of your securities and receive the maturity payment amount equal to:

 

$1,000 + ($1,000 × index return)

 

$1,000 + ($1,000 × -50.00%)

 

= $500.00

 

On the stated maturity date you would receive $500.00 per security.

 

 

The S&P 500® Index

 

The S&P 500^® Index is an equity index that is intended to provide an indication of the pattern of common stock price movement in the large capitalization segment of the United States equity market.

 

In addition, information about the S&P 500^® Index may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, the S&P 500^® Index sponsor’s website (including information regarding the S&P 500^® Index’s sector weightings). We are not incorporating by reference into this pricing supplement the website or any material it includes. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that such publicly available information regarding the S&P 500^® Index is accurate or complete.

 

Historical Information

 

We obtained the closing levels of the S&P 500^® Index in the graph below from Bloomberg Finance L.P., without independent verification.

 

The following graph sets forth daily closing levels of the S&P 500^® Index for the period from January 1, 2019 to July 8, 2024. The closing level on July 8, 2024 was 5,572.85. The historical performance of the S&P 500^® Index should not be taken as an indication of its future performance during the term of the securities.

 

 

 

 

S&P 500^® Index Composition and Maintenance

 

The S&P 500^® Index (the "SPX") measures the performance of the large-cap segment of the U.S. market. The calculation of the level of the SPX is based on the relative value of the aggregate market value of the common stocks of 500 companies as of a particular time compared to the aggregate average market value of the common stocks of 500 similar companies during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943.

 

S&P calculates the SPX by reference to the prices of the constituent stocks of the SPX without taking account of the value of dividends paid on those stocks. As a result, the return on the securities will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the SPX constituent stocks and received the dividends paid on those stocks.

 

Additional information regarding the SPX may be obtained from the SPX website: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/ .. We are not incorporating by reference the website or any material it includes in this document.

 

Eligibility Criteria

 

Stocks must meet the following eligibility factors to be considered eligible for the SPX:

 

Domicile. The issuer of the security must be a U.S.-domiciled company. The incorporation and/or registration, operational headquarters location and primary stock exchange listing are the principal factors determining country of domicile. Other factors considered include the geographic breakdown of revenue and assets, ownership information, location of officers, directors and employees, investor perception and other factors deemed to be relevant by the Index Committee. All final domicile determinations are subject to review by the Index Committee.

 

Security Filing Type. The company issuing the security satisfies the Securities Exchange Act's periodic reporting obligations by filing certain required forms for domestic issuers, such as but not limited to: Form 10-K annual reports, Form 10-Q quarterly reports and Form 8-K current reports.

 

Exchange Listing. The security must have a primary listing on one of the following U.S. exchanges: NYSE; Nasdaq Capital Market; NYSE Arca; Cboe BZX; NYSE American; Cboe BYX; Nasdaq Global Select Market; Cboe EDGA; Nasdaq Select Market; and Cboe EDGX. Over-the-counter (OTC) markets including Pink Open Market, do not satisfy this criterion.

 

Organizational Structure and Share Type. The issuer of the security must be a corporation (including equity and mortgage REITs) and the security must be common stock (i.e., shares). The following organizational structures and share types do not satisfy this criterion: business development companies; preferred stock; limited partnerships; convertible preferred stock; master limited partnerships; unit trusts; limited liability companies; equity warrants; closed-end funds; convertible bonds; exchange-traded funds; investment trusts; exchange-traded notes; rights; royalty trusts; American depositary receipts; and special purpose acquisition companies.

 

Tracking Stocks. Tracking stocks are not eligible for inclusion.

 

Multiple Share Classes. Effective with the September 2015 rebalance, consolidated share class lines will no longer be included in the SPX. Each share class line will be subject to public float and liquidity criteria individually, but the company’s total market capitalization will be used to evaluate each share class line. This may result in one listed share class line of a company being included in the SPX while a second listed share class line of the same company is excluded.

 

Market Capitalization. In order for a security to be eligible, the issuer of the security must have a total market capitalization of $15.8 billion or more.

 

Investable Weight Factor (IWF). A security must have an IWF of at least 0.10 as of the rebalancing effective date. The IWF is calculated by dividing the available float shares by the total shares outstanding. Available float shares are defined as the total shares outstanding less shares held by control holders (i.e., shareholder who purchase shares for control and not investment). Control holders generally include, but are not limited to: officers and directors; private equity, venture capital and special equity firms; asset managers and insurance companies with direct board of director representation; shares held by another publicly traded company; holders of restricted shares; company-sponsored employee share plans/trusts, defined contribution plans/savings and investment plans; foundations or family trusts associated with the company; government entities at all levels except government retirement/pension funds; sovereign wealth funds; and any individual person listed as a 5% or greater stakeholder in a company as reported in regulatory filings (a 5% threshold is used as detailed information on holders and their relationship to the company is generally not available for holders below that threshold). In addition, treasury stock, stock options, equity participation units, warrants, preferred stock, convertible stock and rights are not part of the float. In most cases, an IWF is reported to the nearest one percentage point. This calculation is subject to a 5% minimum threshold for control blocks. For example, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s shares and no other control group holds 5% of the company’s shares, the index sponsor would assign that company an IWF of 1.00, as no control group meets the 5% threshold. However, if a company’s officers and directors hold 3% of the company’s shares and another control group holds 20% of the company’s shares, the index sponsor would assign an IWF of 0.77, reflecting the fact that 23% of the company’s outstanding shares are considered to be held for control.

 

 

Liquidity. The security must trade a minimum of 250,000 shares in each of the six months leading up to the evaluation date and have a float-adjusted liquidity ratio (defined as the annual dollar value traded divided by the float-adjusted market capitalization) greater than or equal to 0.75 at the time of addition to the SPX. Current constituents have no minimum requirement.

 

Financial Viability. The sum of the most recent four consecutive quarters’ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) earnings (net income excluding discontinued operations) should be positive, as should the most recent quarter. For equity real estate investment trusts (REITs), financial viability is based on GAAP earnings and/or Funds From Operations (FFO), if reported. For IPOs, the company must be traded on an eligible exchange for at least twelve months (for former SPACs, the index sponsor considers the de-SPAC transaction to be an event equivalent to an IPO, and twelve months of trading post the de-SPAC event are required before a former SPAC can be considered for inclusion in the SPX. Spin-offs or in-specie distributions from existing constituents do not need to be traded on an eligible exchange for twelve months prior to their inclusion in the SPX).

 

Index Construction

 

Index constituents are selected from the S&P Total Market Index, which measures the performance of the broad U.S. market and includes all eligible U.S. common equities. Constituent selection is at the discretion of the Index Committee and is based on the eligibility criteria. The SPX has a fixed constituent count of 500. Sector balance, as measured by a comparison of each Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS^®) sector’s weight in the SPX with its weight in the S&P Total Market Index, in the relevant market capitalization range, is also considered in the selection of companies for the SPX.

 

The SPX is weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization. Under float adjustment, the share counts used in calculating the SPX reflect only those shares that are available to investors, not all of a company’s outstanding shares. Float adjustment excludes shares that are closely held by control holders.

 

Index Calculation

 

The SPX is calculated using a base-weighted aggregate methodology. The level of the SPX reflects the total market value of all 500 component stocks relative to the base period of the years 1941 through 1943. An indexed number is used to represent the results of this calculation in order to make the level easier to use and track over time. The actual total market value of the component stocks during the base period of the years 1941 through 1943 has been set to an indexed level of 10. This is often indicated by the notation 1941-43 = 10. In practice, the daily calculation of the SPX is computed by dividing the total market value of the component stocks by the “index divisor.” By itself, the index divisor is an arbitrary number. However, in the context of the calculation of the SPX, it serves as a link to the original base period level of the SPX. The index divisor keeps the SPX comparable over time and is the manipulation point for all adjustments to the SPX, which is explained further in the section "Index Maintenance" below.

 

Index Maintenance

 

Changes to index composition are made on an as-needed basis. There is no scheduled reconstitution. Rather, changes in response to corporate actions and market developments can be made at any time. Index additions and deletions are announced with at least three business days advance notice. Less than three business days’ notice may be given at the discretion of the Index Committee.

 

Index maintenance includes monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, share changes, stock splits, stock dividends and stock price adjustments due to company restructuring or spinoffs. Some corporate actions, such as stock splits and stock dividends, require changes in the common shares outstanding and the stock prices of the companies in the SPX and do not require index divisor adjustments.

 

To prevent the level of the SPX from changing due to corporate actions, corporate actions which affect the total market value of the SPX require an index divisor adjustment. By adjusting the index divisor for the change in market value, the level of the SPX remains constant and does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the SPX. Index divisor adjustments are made after the close of trading and after the calculation of the SPX closing level.

 

Share counts are updated to the latest publicly available filings on a quarterly basis. IWF changes will only be made at the quarterly review if the change represents at least 5% of total current shares outstanding and is related to a single corporate action that did not qualify for the accelerated implementation rule, regardless of whether there is an associated share change. Certain mandatory actions, such as M&A driven share/IWF changes, stock splits and mandatory distributions, are implemented when they occur and not subject to a minimum threshold for implementation. Material share/IWF changes resulting from certain non-mandatory corporate actions follow the accelerated implementation rule.

 

 

Accelerated Implementation Rule

 

Public offerings. Public offerings of new company-issued shares and/or existing shares offered by selling shareholders, including block sales and spot secondaries, will be eligible for accelerated implementation treatment if the size of the event meets the materiality threshold criteria: (a) at least $150 million and (b) at least 5% of the pre-event total shares. In addition to the materiality threshold, public offerings must be underwritten, have a publicly available prospectus, offering document, or prospectus summary filed with the relevant authorities and have a publicly available confirmation from an official source that the offering has been completed. For public offerings that involve a concurrent combination of new company shares and existing shares offered by selling shareholders, both events are implemented if either of the public offerings represent at least 5% of total shares and US $150 million. Any concurrent share repurchase by the affected company will also be included in the implementation.

 

Dutch Auctions, Self-tender Offer Buybacks and Split-off Exchange Offers. These non-mandatory corporate action types will be eligible for accelerated implementation treatment regardless of size once the final results are publicly announced and verified by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (the "index sponsor").

 

For non-mandatory corporate actions subject to the accelerated implementation rule with a size of at least $1 billion, the index sponsor will apply the share change, and any resulting IWF change, using the latest share and ownership information publicly available at the time of the announcement, even if the offering size is below the 5% threshold.

 

All non-mandatory events not covered by the accelerated implementation rule (including but not limited to private placements, acquisition of private companies and conversion of non-index share lines) will be implemented quarterly coinciding with the third Friday of the third month in each calendar quarter.

 

Accelerated implementation for events less than $1 billion will include an adjustment to the company’s IWF only to the extent that such an IWF change helps the new float share total mimic the shares available in the offering. To minimize unnecessary turnover, these IWF changes do not need to meet any minimum threshold requirement for implementation. Any IWF change resulting in an IWF of 0.96 or greater is rounded up to 1.00 at the next annual IWF review.

 

Index Governance

 

In addition to its daily governance of the SPX, at least once within any 12-month period, the Index Committee reviews its methodology to ensure the SPX continues to achieve its stated objectives and that the data and methodology remain effective. In certain instances, S&P Dow Jones Indices may publish a consultation inviting comments from external parties.

 

License Agreement

 

S&P^® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones^® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC ("Dow Jones"). These trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P. "Standard & Poor's^®", "S&P 500^®" and "S&P^®" are trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC. These trademarks have been sublicensed for certain purposes by us. The SPX is a product of S&P and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by us. The securities are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, "S&P Dow Jones Indices"). S&P Dow Jones Indices make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the holders of the securities or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the securities particularly or the ability of the SPX to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices' only relationship to us with respect to the SPX is the licensing of the SPX and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its third party licensors. The SPX is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to us or the securities. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation to take our needs or the needs of holders of the securities into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the SPX. S&P Dow Jones Indices are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of the securities or the timing of the issuance or sale of the securities or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the securities are to be converted into cash. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the securities. There is no assurance that investment products based on the SPX will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and its subsidiaries are not investment advisors. Inclusion of a security or futures contract within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security or futures contract, nor is it considered to be investment advice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may independently issue and/or sponsor financial products unrelated to the securities currently being issued by us, but which may be similar to and competitive with the securities. In addition, CME Group Inc. and its affiliates may trade financial products which are linked to the performance of the SPX. It is possible that this trading activity will affect the value of the securities.

 

 

S&P DOW JONES INDICES DO NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE SPX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY US, HOLDERS OF THE SECURITIES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE SPX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND US, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

 

 

United States Federal Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion supplements, and to the extent applicable supersedes, the discussion in the accompanying product supplement under the caption “United States Federal Tax Considerations.”

 

In the opinion of our special U.S. tax counsel, Ashurst LLP, it would generally be reasonable to treat a security with terms described herein as a pre-paid cash-settled derivative contract in respect of the Index for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the terms of the securities require a holder (in the absence of a change in law or an administrative or judicial ruling to the contrary) to treat the securities for all tax purposes in accordance with such characterization. However, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the securities are uncertain and the IRS could assert that the securities should be taxed in a manner that is different from that described in the preceding sentence. If this treatment is respected, a U.S. holder should generally recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale, exchange, redemption or payment on maturity in an amount equal to the difference between the amount it received at such time and the amount that it paid for the securities. Such gain or loss should generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder has held the securities for more than one year. Non-U.S. holders should consult the section entitled "United States Federal Tax Considerations - Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders" in the product supplement.

 

Under Section 871(m) of the Code, a “dividend equivalent” payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the United States. Such payments generally would be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax if paid to a non-U.S. holder. Under U.S. Treasury Department regulations, payments (including deemed payments) with respect to equity-linked instruments (“ELIs”) that are “specified ELIs” may be treated as dividend equivalents if such specified ELIs reference, directly or indirectly, an interest in an “underlying security,” which is generally any interest in an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if a payment with respect to such interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend. However, the IRS has issued guidance that states that the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS intend to amend the effective dates of the U.S. Treasury Department regulations to provide that withholding on dividend equivalent payments will not apply to specified ELIs that are not delta-one instruments and that are issued before January 1, 2027. Based on our determination that the securities are not delta-one instruments, non-U.S. holders should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments, if any, under the securities. However, it is possible that the securities could be treated as deemed reissued for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting the Index or the securities (for example, upon the Index rebalancing), and following such occurrence the securities could be treated as subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments. Non-U.S. holders that enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of the Index or the securities should consult their tax advisors as to the application of the dividend equivalent withholding tax in the context of the securities and their other transactions. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable withholding agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.

 

 

Supplemental Plan of Distribution

 

Delivery of the securities will be made against payment therefor on or about the issue date. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade such securities at any time prior to the first business day preceding the issue date will be required, by virtue of the fact that the securities will not settle in T+1, to specify an alternative settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement; such purchasers should also consult their own advisors in this regard.

 

 

PRS-22

 

 

---