TIDM32SS

RNS Number : 5505R

National Bank of Canada

01 March 2023

National Bank of Canada

March 1(st) , 2023

Regulatory Announcement (Part 2)

Q1 2023 Results

National Bank of Canada (the "Bank") announces publication of its First Quarter 2023 Report to Shareholders. The First Quarter Results have been uploaded to the National Storage Mechanism and will shortly be available at https://data.fca.org.uk/#/nsm/nationalstoragemechanism and is available on the Bank's website at https://www.nbc.ca/about-us/investors/quarterly-results.html

To view the full PDF of this First Quarter 2023 Report to Shareholders, please click on the following link:

http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/5497R_1-2023-3-1.pdf

Report to Shareholders

First Quarter 2023

Interim Condensed Consolidated

Financial Statements

(unaudited)

 
                   Consolidated Balance Sheets   50 
             Consolidated Statements of Income   51 
      Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive 
                                        Income   52 
            Consolidated Statements of Changes 
                                     in Equity   54 
         Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows   55 
   Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated 
                          Financial Statements   56 
 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                        As at January  As at October 
                                                             31, 2023       31, 2022 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
 
Assets 
Cash and deposits with financial institutions                  42,286         31,870 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
 
Securities (Notes 2, 3 and 4) 
At fair value through profit or loss                           89,835         87,375 
At fair value through other comprehensive 
 income                                                        10,079          8,828 
At amortized cost                                              14,025         13,516 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                              113,939        109,719 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase 
 agreements 
 and securities borrowed                                       26,430         26,486 
 -----------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Loans (Note 5) 
Residential mortgage                                           82,104         80,129 
Personal                                                       45,067         45,323 
Credit card                                                     2,296          2,389 
Business and government                                        75,154         73,317 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                              204,621        201,158 
Customers' liability under acceptances                          6,765          6,541 
Allowances for credit losses                                  (1,007)          (955) 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                              210,379        206,744 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Other 
Derivative financial instruments                               14,060         18,547 
Investments in associates and joint ventures                      142            140 
Premises and equipment                                          1,451          1,397 
Goodwill                                                        1,515          1,519 
Intangible assets                                               1,341          1,360 
Other assets (Note 6)                                           6,799          5,958 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                               25,308         28,921 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
                                                              418,342        403,740 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Liabilities and equity 
Deposits (Notes 3 and 7)                                      282,505        266,394 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
 
Other 
Acceptances                                                     6,765          6,541 
Obligations related to securities sold short                   19,778         21,817 
Obligations related to securities sold under 
 repurchase agreements 
 and securities loaned                                         37,635         33,473 
Derivative financial instruments                               17,170         19,632 
Liabilities related to transferred receivables 
 (Note 3)                                                      24,832         26,277 
Other liabilities (Note 8)                                      6,145          6,361 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                              112,325        114,101 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Subordinated debt (Note 16)                                     1,497          1,499 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
 
Equity 
Equity attributable to the Bank's shareholders 
 and holders of 
 other equity instruments (Notes 9 and 11) 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments                   3,150          3,150 
Common shares                                                   3,236          3,196 
Contributed surplus                                                55             56 
Retained earnings                                              15,470         15,140 
Accumulated other comprehensive income                            102            202 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                               22,013         21,744 
Non-controlling interests                                           2              2 
---------------------------------------------------     -------------  ------------- 
                                                               22,015         21,746 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
                                                              418,342        403,740 
    --------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited 
 interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                     Quarter ended 
                                                                        January 31 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------   --------------- 
                                                                     2023  2022(1) 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
Interest income 
Loans                                                               2,903    1,422 
Securities at fair value through profit or loss                       425      366 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income            59       31 
Securities at amortized cost                                          112       46 
Deposits with financial institutions                                  372       23 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                    3,871    1,888 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
 
Interest expense 
Deposits                                                            2,096      400 
Liabilities related to transferred receivables                        142      101 
Subordinated debt                                                      15        4 
Other                                                                 519       51 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                    2,772      556 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
Net interest income (2)                                             1,099    1,332 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
Non-interest income 
Underwriting and advisory fees                                        107       78 
Securities brokerage commissions                                       47       57 
Mutual fund revenues                                                  143      156 
Investment management and trust service fees                          242      256 
Credit fees                                                           137      125 
Card revenues                                                          46       47 
Deposit and payment service charges                                    73       71 
Trading revenues (losses)                                             531      122 
Gains (losses) on non-trading securities, net                          11       54 
Insurance revenues, net                                                38       47 
Foreign exchange revenues, other than trading                          56       52 
Share in the net income of associates and joint ventures                3        5 
Other                                                                  49       64 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                    1,483    1,134 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
Total revenues                                                      2,582    2,466 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
Non-interest expenses 
Compensation and employee benefits                                    875      817 
Occupancy                                                              83       76 
Technology                                                            252      231 
Communications                                                         14       14 
Professional fees                                                      63       63 
Other                                                                 116       79 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                    1,403    1,280 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
Income before provisions for credit losses and income taxes         1,179    1,186 
Provisions for credit losses (Note 5)                                  86      (2) 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Income before income taxes                                          1,093    1,188 
Income taxes                                                          212      258 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Net income                                                            881      930 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
Net income attributable to 
Preferred shareholders and holders of other equity instruments         35       26 
Common shareholders                                                   846      904 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Bank shareholders and holders of other equity instruments             881      930 
Non-controlling interests                                               -        - 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                      881      930 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
 
Earnings per share (dollars) (Note 14) 
 Basic                                                               2.51     2.67 
 Diluted                                                             2.49     2.64 
Dividends per common share (dollars) (Note 9)                        0.97     0.87 
----------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim 
 condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) Net interest income includes dividend income. For additional information, see Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                           Quarter ended 
                                                                              January 31 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------  ---------------- 
                                                                           2023  2022(1) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Net income                                                                  881      930 
----------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes 
 Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net income 
  Net foreign currency translation adjustments 
   Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) 
    on investments 
    in foreign operations                                                 (140)      116 
   Impact of hedging net foreign currency translation gains 
    (losses)                                                                 40     (34) 
                                                                          (100)       82 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
  Net change in debt securities at fair value through other 
   comprehensive income 
   Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities at fair 
    value through other 
    comprehensive income                                                     12     (64) 
   Net (gains) losses on debt securities at fair value through 
    other comprehensive 
    income reclassified to net income                                         4       21 
   Change in allowances for credit losses on debt securities 
    at fair value through 
    other comprehensive income reclassified to net income                   (1)        - 
    -------------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
                                                                             15     (43) 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
  Net change in cash flow hedges 
   Net gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments designated 
    as cash flow hedges                                                    (25)        6 
   Net (gains) losses on designated derivative financial instruments 
    reclassified 
    to net income                                                             9       10 
   -------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                           (16)       16 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
  Share in the other comprehensive income of associates and 
   joint ventures                                                             1        - 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
 
 Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net 
  income 
  Remeasurements of pension plans and other post-employment 
   benefit plans                                                           (59)       96 
  Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair 
   value through 
   other comprehensive income                                                10        6 
  Net fair value change attributable to the credit risk on 
   financial liabilities 
   designated at fair value through profit or loss                        (139)       21 
   -------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                          (188)      123 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ------  ------- 
Total other comprehensive income, net of income taxes                     (288)      178 
----------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Comprehensive income                                                        593    1,108 
----------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
Comprehensive income attributable to 
 Bank shareholders and holders of other equity instruments                  593    1,108 
 Non-controlling interests                                                    -        - 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
                                                                            593    1,108 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   ------  ------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim 
 condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (cont.)

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

Income Taxes - Other Comprehensive Income

The following table presents the income tax expense or recovery for each component of other comprehensive income.

 
                                                           Quarter ended January 31 
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                                         2023  2022 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to net income 
 Net foreign currency translation adjustments 
  Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) 
   on investments 
   in foreign operations                                                    5   (5) 
  Impact of hedging net foreign currency translation gains 
   (losses)                                                                 8   (7) 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
                                                                           13  (12) 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ----  ---- 
 Net change in debt securities at fair value through other 
  comprehensive income 
  Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities at fair 
   value through other 
   comprehensive income                                                     4  (23) 
  Net (gains) losses on debt securities at fair value through 
   other comprehensive income 
   reclassified to net income                                               2     8 
  Change in allowances for credit losses on debt securities 
   at fair value through 
   other comprehensive income reclassified to net income                    -     - 
   -------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
                                                                            6  (15) 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ----  ---- 
 Net change in cash flow hedges 
  Net gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments designated 
   as cash flow hedges                                                   (10)     2 
  Net (gains) losses on designated derivative financial instruments 
   reclassified 
   to net income                                                            4     3 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
                                                                          (6)     5 
     ------------------------------------------------------------------  ----  ---- 
 Share in the other comprehensive income of associates and 
  joint ventures                                                            -     - 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net 
 income 
 Remeasurements of pension plans and other post-employment 
  benefit plans                                                          (13)    35 
 Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair 
  value through 
  other comprehensive income                                                3     2 
 Net fair value change attributable to the credit risk on 
  financial liabilities 
  designated at fair value through profit or loss                        (53)     8 
  --------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
                                                                         (63)    45 
                                                                         ----  ---- 
                                                                         (50)    23 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   ----  ---- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim 
 condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                    Quarter ended January 
                                                                                       31 
 -----------------------------------------------------------   -------------------------- 
                                                                        2023      2022(1) 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments at 
 beginning and at end (Note 9)                                         3,150        2,650 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Common shares at beginning (Note 9)                                    3,196        3,160 
Issuances of common shares pursuant to the Stock 
 Option Plan                                                              34           42 
Repurchases of common shares for cancellation                              -          (5) 
Impact of shares purchased or sold for trading                             6           11 
Common shares at end                                                   3,236        3,208 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Contributed surplus at beginning                                          56           47 
Stock option expense (Note 11)                                             5            4 
Stock options exercised                                                  (4)          (5) 
Other                                                                    (2)            - 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
Contributed surplus at end                                                55           46 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Retained earnings at beginning                                        15,140       12,854 
Net income attributable to the Bank's shareholders 
 and holders of other equity instruments                                 881          930 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on 
 other equity instruments (Note 9)                                      (40)         (28) 
Dividends on common shares (Note 9)                                    (327)        (294) 
Premium paid on common shares repurchased for cancellation 
 (Note 9)                                                                  -         (43) 
Remeasurements of pension plans and other post-employment 
 benefit plans                                                          (59)           96 
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated 
 at fair value through other comprehensive income                         10            6 
Net fair value change attributable to the credit 
 risk on financial liabilities 
 designated at fair value through profit or loss                       (139)           21 
Impact of a financial liability resulting from put 
 options written to non-controlling interests                            (1)          (1) 
Other                                                                      5            2 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
Retained earnings at end                                              15,470       13,543 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income at beginning                      202         (32) 
Net foreign currency translation adjustments                           (100)           82 
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities 
 at fair value through other comprehensive income                         15         (43) 
Net change in gains (losses) on cash flow hedges                        (16)           16 
Share in the other comprehensive income of associates 
 and joint ventures                                                        1            - 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
Accumulated other comprehensive income at end                            102           23 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
                                                                           - 
Equity attributable to the Bank's shareholders and 
 holders of other equity instruments                                  22,013       19,470 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Non-controlling interests at beginning                                     2            3 
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests                       -            - 
Non-controlling interests at end                                           2            3 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 
Equity                                                                22,015       19,473 
------------------------------------------------------------      ----------  ----------- 
 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 
                                                                   As at January  As at January 
                                                                        31, 2023       31, 2022 
----------------------------------------------------------------   -------------  ------------- 
Accumulated other comprehensive income 
Net foreign currency translation adjustments                                 104           (47) 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities at 
 fair value through other comprehensive income                              (19)             28 
Net gains (losses) on instruments designated as cash 
 flow hedges                                                                  15             39 
Share in the other comprehensive income of associates 
 and joint ventures                                                            2              3 
-----------------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
                                                                             102             23 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these 
 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
                                                                      Quarter ended January 
                                                                                         31 
  ---------------------------------------------------------------   ----------------------- 
                                                                           2023     2022(1) 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Net income                                                                  881         930 
Adjustments for 
 Provisions for credit losses                                                86         (2) 
 Amortization of premises and equipment, including right-of-use 
  assets                                                                     52          51 
 Amortization of intangible assets                                           79          70 
 Deferred taxes                                                            (30)          77 
 Losses (gains) on sales of non-trading securities, 
  net                                                                      (11)        (54) 
 Share in the net income of associates and joint ventures                   (3)         (5) 
 Stock option expense                                                         5           4 
Change in operating assets and liabilities 
 Securities at fair value through profit or loss                        (2,460)       7,122 
 Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements 
  and securities borrowed                                                    56     (7,662) 
 Loans and acceptances, net of securitization                           (4,935)     (5,493) 
 Deposits                                                                16,111       6,157 
 Obligations related to securities sold short                           (2,039)         263 
 Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase 
  agreements and securities loaned                                        4,162       8,011 
 Derivative financial instruments, net                                    2,025     (2,406) 
 Interest and dividends receivable and interest payable                    (48)         (6) 
 Current tax assets and liabilities                                       (148)       (437) 
 Other items                                                            (1,111)     (1,498) 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
                                                                         12,672       5,122 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ---------- 
Cash flows from financing activities 
Issuances of common shares (including the impact of 
 shares purchased for trading)                                               36          48 
Repurchases of common shares for cancellation                                 -        (48) 
Repayments of lease liabilities                                            (25)        (25) 
Dividends paid on shares and distributions on other 
 equity instruments                                                       (364)        (29) 
                                                                          (353)        (54) 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ---------- 
Cash flows from investing activities 
Net change in investments in associates and joint ventures                    -          60 
Purchases of non-trading securities                                     (2,785)     (1,920) 
Maturities of non-trading securities                                        691         428 
Sales of non-trading securities                                             390       2,007 
Net change in premises and equipment, excluding right-of-use 
assets                                                                     (89)        (75) 
Net change in intangible assets                                            (60)        (80) 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
                                                                        (1,853)         420 
   ---------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ---------- 
Impact of currency rate movements on cash and cash 
 equivalents                                                               (50)         696 
------------------------------------------------------------------  -----------  ---------- 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents                         10,416       6,184 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning                                   31,870      33,879 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
Cash and cash equivalents at end (2)                                     42,286      40,063 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
Supplementary information about cash flows from operating 
 activities 
Interest paid                                                             2,445         594 
Interest and dividends received                                           3,496       1,921 
Income taxes paid                                                           218         559 
-----------------------------------------------------------------   -----------  ---------- 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim 
 condensed consolidated financial statements. 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) This item is the equivalent of Consolidated Balance Sheet item Cash and deposits with financial institutions. It includes an amount of $9.0 billion as at January 31, 2023 ($7.7 billion as at October 31, 2022) for which there are restrictions and of which $6.0 billion ($5.3 billion as at October 31, 2022) represent the balances that the Bank must maintain with central banks, other regulatory agencies, and certain counterparties.

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited) (millions of Canadian dollars)

 
 
 Note                                             Note  Share Capital and Other Equity 
  1     Basis of Presentation                 56   9     Instruments                     73 
 Note                                             Note 
  2     Fair Value of Financial Instruments   57   10   Capital Disclosure               75 
 Note   Financial Instruments Designated          Note 
  3      at Fair Value Through                     11   Share-Based Payments             76 
                                                  Note  Employee Benefits - Pension 
          Profit or Loss                      62   12    Plans and Other 
 Note 
  4     Securities                            63          Post-Employment Benefit Plans  76 
 Note   Loans and Allowances for Credit           Note 
  5      Losses                               64   13   Income Taxes                     77 
 Note                                             Note 
  6     Other Assets                          72   14   Earnings Per Share               77 
 Note                                             Note 
  7     Deposits                              72   15   Segment Disclosures              78 
 Note                                             Note  Event After the Consolidated 
  8     Other Liabilities                     73   16    Balance Sheet Date              79 
 

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

On February 28, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the publication of the Bank's unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements (the consolidated financial statements) for the quarter ended January 31, 2023.

The Bank's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The financial statements also comply with section 308(4) of the Bank Act (Canada), which states that, except as otherwise specified by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (Canada) (OSFI), the consolidated financial statements are to be prepared in accordance with IFRS. IFRS represent Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). None of the OSFI accounting requirements are exceptions to IFRS.

These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with IAS 34 - Interim Financial Reporting and using the same accounting policies as those described in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. Since these interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the annual financial statement disclosures required under IFRS, they should be read in conjunction with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended October 31, 2022. Future accounting policy changes that have not yet come into effect are described in Note 2 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Certain comparative amounts have been adjusted to reflect an accounting policy change related to cloud computing arrangements, as described in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Judgment, Estimates and Assumptions

In preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, management must exercise judgment and make estimates and assumptions that affect the reporting date carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, net income, and related information. Some of the Bank's accounting policies, such as measurement of expected credit losses (ECLs), require particularly complex judgments and estimates. See Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 for a summary of the most significant estimation processes used to prepare the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS and for the valuation techniques used to determine the carrying values and fair values of assets and liabilities.

The geopolitical landscape, rising inflation, interest rate hikes, and the Russia-Ukraine war are persisting and continue to create uncertainty. As a result, establishing reliable estimates and applying judgment continue to be substantially complex. The uncertainty regarding certain key inputs used in measuring ECLs is described in Note 5 to these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars, which is the Bank's functional and presentation currency.

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value and Carrying Value of Financial Instruments by Category

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value or at amortized cost in accordance with the categories set out in the accounting framework for financial instruments.

 
                                                                                                         As at January 
                                                                                                              31, 2023 
----------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  ------------------------------ 
                                                           Carrying value     Carrying         Fair 
                                                           and fair value        value        value 
   -------------   ------------------------------------------------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
                                                      Debt         Equity 
                     Financial    Financial     securities     securities 
                   instruments  instruments     classified     designated 
                    classified   designated          as at             at    Financial    Financial 
                         as at      at fair     fair value     fair value  instruments  instruments 
                    fair value        value        through        through           at           at 
                       through      through          other          other    amortized    amortized     Total    Total 
                        profit       profit  comprehensive  comprehensive        cost,        cost,  carrying     fair 
                       or loss      or loss         income         income          net          net     value    value 
   -------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Cash and 
 deposits 
 with financial 
  institutions               -            -              -              -       42,286       42,286    42,286   42,286 
 
 Securities             88,943          892          9,506            573       14,025       13,634   113,939  113,548 
 
 Securities 
 purchased 
 under reverse 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and securities 
   borrowed                  -           39              -              -       26,391       26,391    26,430   26,430 
 
 Loans and 
  acceptances, 
  net of 
  allowances            11,258            -              -              -      199,121      196,000   210,379  207,258 
 
 Other 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           14,060            -              -              -            -            -    14,060   14,060 
 Other assets               83            -              -              -        3,756        3,756     3,839    3,839 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial 
liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                -       17,632                                    264,873      264,051   282,505  281,683 
 
 Other 
 Acceptances                 -            -                                      6,765        6,765     6,765    6,765 
 Obligations 
  related 
  to securities 
  sold 
  short                 19,778            -                                          -            -    19,778   19,778 
 
 Obligations 
 related 
 to securities 
 sold 
 under 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and 
  securities 
   loaned                    -            -                                     37,635       37,635    37,635   37,635 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           17,170            -                                          -            -    17,170   17,170 
 Liabilities 
  related 
  to transferred 
  receivables                -        9,608                                     15,224       14,633    24,832   24,241 
 Other 
  liabilities                -            -                                      2,788        2,784     2,788    2,784 
 
 Subordinated 
  debt                       -            -                                      1,497        1,510     1,497    1,510 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)       Includes embedded derivative financial instruments. 

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont.)

 
                                                                                                     As at October 31, 
                                                                                                                  2022 
----------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  ------------------------------ 
                                                       Carrying value and     Carrying         Fair 
                                                               fair value        value        value 
   -------------   ------------------------------------------------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
                                                      Debt         Equity 
                     Financial    Financial     securities     securities 
                   instruments  instruments     classified     designated 
                    classified   designated          as at             at    Financial    Financial 
                         as at      at fair     fair value     fair value  instruments  instruments 
                    fair value        value        through        through           at           at 
                       through      through          other          other    amortized    amortized     Total    Total 
                        profit       profit  comprehensive  comprehensive        cost,        cost,  carrying     fair 
                       or loss      or loss         income         income          net          net     value    value 
   -------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Cash and 
 deposits 
 with financial 
  institutions               -            -              -              -       31,870       31,870    31,870   31,870 
 
 Securities             86,338        1,037          8,272            556       13,516       13,007   109,719  109,210 
 
 Securities 
 purchased 
 under reverse 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and securities 
   borrowed                  -            -              -              -       26,486       26,486    26,486   26,486 
 
 Loans and 
  acceptances, 
  net of 
  allowances            10,516            -              -              -      196,228      190,955   206,744  201,471 
 
 Other 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           18,547            -              -              -            -            -    18,547   18,547 
 Other assets               87            -              -              -        3,221        3,221     3,308    3,308 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
Financial 
liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                -       15,355                                    251,039      249,937   266,394  265,292 
 
 Other 
 Acceptances                 -            -                                      6,541        6,541     6,541    6,541 
 Obligations 
  related 
  to securities 
  sold 
  short                 21,817            -                                          -            -    21,817   21,817 
 
 Obligations 
 related 
 to securities 
 sold 
 under 
  repurchase 
  agreements 
  and 
  securities 
   loaned                    -            -                                     33,473       33,473    33,473   33,473 
 Derivative 
  financial 
  instruments           19,632            -                                          -            -    19,632   19,632 
 Liabilities 
  related 
  to transferred 
  receivables                -       11,352                                     14,925       14,137    26,277   25,489 
 Other 
  liabilities                -            -                                      2,632        2,627     2,632    2,627 
 
 Subordinated 
  debt                       -            -                                      1,499        1,478     1,499    1,478 
 ---------------   -----------  -----------  -------------  -------------  -----------  -----------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)       Includes embedded derivative financial instruments . 

Establishing Fair Value

The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell a financial asset or paid to transfer a financial liability in an orderly transaction in the principal market at the measurement date under current market conditions (i.e., an exit price).

Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets provide the best evidence of fair value. When there is no quoted price in an active market, the Bank applies other valuation techniques that maximize the use of relevant observable inputs and that minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Such valuation techniques include the following: using information available from recent market transactions, referring to the current fair value of a comparable financial instrument, applying discounted cash flow analysis, applying option pricing models, or relying on any other valuation technique that is commonly used by market participants and has proven to yield reliable estimates. Judgment is required when applying many of the valuation techniques. The Bank's valuations were based on its assessment of the conditions prevailing as at January 31, 2023 and may change in the future. Furthermore, there may be measurement uncertainty resulting from the choice of valuation model used.

Fair value is established in accordance with a rigorous control framework. The Bank has policies and procedures that govern the process for determining fair value. The Bank's valuation governance structure has remained largely unchanged from that described in Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. The valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are also described in this note, and no significant changes have been made to the valuation techniques.

Financial Instruments Recorded at Fair Value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Hierarchy of Fair Value Measurements

IFRS establishes a fair value measurement hierarchy that classifies the inputs used in financial instrument fair value measurement techniques according to three levels. This fair value hierarchy requires observable market inputs in an active market to be used whenever such inputs exist. According to the hierarchy, the highest level of inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments and the lowest level of inputs are unobservable inputs. If inputs from different levels of the hierarchy are used, the financial instrument is classified in the same level as the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. For additional information, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Transfers of financial instruments between Levels 1 and 2 and transfers to (or from) Level 3 are deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. Significant transfers can occur between the fair value hierarchy levels due to new information on inputs used to determine fair value and the observable nature of those inputs.

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, $6 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 as a result of changing market conditions ($15 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss during the quarter ended January 31, 2022). Also, during the quarter ended January 31, 2023, $4 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss and $2 million in obligations related to securities sold short were transferred from Level 1 to Level 2 as a result of changing market conditions ($2 million in securities classified as at fair value through profit or loss and $1 million in obligations related to securities sold short during the quarter ended January 31, 2022). D uring the quarters ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, financial instruments were transferred to (or from) Level 3 due to changes in the availability of observable market inputs as a result of changing market conditions.

The following tables show financial instruments recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet according to the fair value hierarchy.

 
                                                                          As at January 31, 2023 
    -----------------------------------------------   ------  ---------------------------------- 
                                                                                           Total 
                                                                                       financial 
                                                                              assets/liabilities 
                                                       Level   Level  Level              at fair 
                                                           1       2      3                value 
    -----------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Securities 
  At fair value through profit or loss 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                4,474   9,326      -               13,800 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments          -   9,599      -                9,599 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                         7,420   3,515      -               10,935 
   Other debt securities                                   -   3,690     67                3,757 
   Equity securities                                  50,817     512    415               51,744 
   ------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                      62,711  26,642    482               89,835 
     -----------------------------------------------  ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
  At fair value through other comprehensive 
   income 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                   13   3,817      -                3,830 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments          -   2,278      -                2,278 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                         1,650     212      -                1,862 
   Other debt securities                                   -   1,536      -                1,536 
   Equity securities                                       -     247    326                  573 
   ------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                       1,663   8,090    326               10,079 
     -----------------------------------------------  ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 Securities purchased under reverse repurchase 
  agreements and 
  securities borrowed                                      -      39      -                   39 
 
 Loans                                                     -  11,016    242               11,258 
 
 Other 
  Derivative financial instruments                        63  13,981     16               14,060 
  Other assets - Other items                               -       -     83                   83 
  -------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
                                                      64,437  59,768  1,149              125,354 
---------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 
Financial liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                                              -  17,798      1               17,799 
 
 Other 
  Obligations related to securities sold 
   short                                              14,563   5,215      -               19,778 
  Derivative financial instruments                       245  16,905     20               17,170 
  Liabilities related to transferred receivables           -   9,608      -                9,608 
 
                                                      14,808  49,526     21               64,355 
---------------------------------------------------   ------  ------  -----  ------------------- 
 

(1) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

Note 2 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (cont.)

 
                                                                              As at October 31, 2022 
    -----------------------------------------------   -------  ------------------------------------- 
                                                                                     Total financial 
                                                                                  assets/liabilities 
                                                                                             at fair 
                                                      Level 1  Level 2  Level 3                value 
    -----------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
Financial assets 
 Securities 
  At fair value through profit or loss 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                 4,736    8,186        -               12,922 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments           -    9,260        -                9,260 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                         10,639    4,445        -               15,084 
   Other debt securities                                    -    3,324       60                3,384 
   Equity securities                                   45,805      504      416               46,725 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                       61,180   25,719      476               87,375 
     -----------------------------------------------  -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
  At fair value through other comprehensive 
   income 
   Securities issued or guaranteed by 
    Canadian government                                    21    3,191        -                3,212 
    Canadian provincial and municipal governments           -    1,970        -                1,970 
    U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
     other foreign governments                          1,687      191        -                1,878 
   Other debt securities                                    -    1,212        -                1,212 
   Equity securities                                        -      236      320                  556 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                        1,708    6,800      320                8,828 
     -----------------------------------------------  -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
 Loans                                                      -   10,272      244               10,516 
 
 Other 
  Derivative financial instruments                        342   18,204        1               18,547 
  Other assets - Other items                                -        -       87                   87 
  -------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
                                                       63,230   60,995    1,128              125,353 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 
Financial liabilities 
 Deposits (1)                                               -   15,424        8               15,432 
 
 Other 
  Obligations related to securities sold 
   short                                               15,213    6,604        -               21,817 
  Derivative financial instruments                        625   18,989       18               19,632 
  Liabilities related to transferred receivables            -   11,352        -               11,352 
                                                       15,838   52,369       26               68,233 
   ------------------------------------------------   -------  -------  -------  ------------------- 
 

(1) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank classifies financial instruments in Level 3 when the valuation technique is based on at least one significant input that is not observable in the markets. The Bank maximizes the use of observable inputs to determine the fair value of financial instruments.

For a description of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of financial instruments classified in Level 3, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. For the quarter ended January 31, 2023, no significant change was made to the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in determining fair value.

Sensitivity Analysis of Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank performs sensitivity analyses for the fair value measurements of Level 3 financial instruments, substituting unobservable inputs with one or more reasonably possible alternative assumptions. For additional information on how a change in an unobservable input might affect the fair value measurements of Level 3 financial instruments, see Note 3 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. For the quarter ended January 31, 2023, there were no significant changes in the sensitivity analyses of Level 3 financial instruments .

Change in the Fair Value of Financial Instruments Classified in Level 3

The Bank may hedge the fair value of financial instruments classified in the various levels through offsetting hedge positions. Gains and losses on financial instruments classified in Level 3 presented in the following tables do not reflect the inverse gains and losses on financial instruments used for economic hedging purposes that may have been classified in Level 1 or Level 2 by the Bank. In addition, the Bank may hedge the fair value of financial instruments classified in Level 3 using other financial instruments classified in Level 3. The effect of these hedges is not included in the net amount presented in the following tables. T he gains and losses presented hereafter may comprise changes in fair value based on observable and unobservable inputs.

 
                                                                                        Quarter ended 
                                                                                     January 31, 2023 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------------- 
                                                          Securities 
                                          Securities         at fair 
                                             at fair           value 
                                               value         through    Loans    Derivative 
                                             through           other      and     financial 
                                              profit   comprehensive    other   instruments  Deposits 
                                             or loss          income   assets           (1)       (2) 
 --------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Fair value as at October 31, 2022                476             320      331          (17)       (8) 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in Net income 
 (3)                                             (7)               -        4             6         - 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in 
  Other comprehensive income                       -               6        -             -         - 
Purchases                                         15               -        -             -         - 
Sales                                            (2)               -        -             -         - 
Issuances                                          -               -        7             -         - 
Settlements and other                              -               -     (17)             4         - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 into Level 3                                      -               -        -             - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 out of Level 3                                    -               -        -             3         7 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Fair value as at January 31, 2023                482             326      325           (4)       (1) 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
Change in unrealized gains and losses 
 included in Net income with respect 
 to financial assets and financial 
  liabilities held as at January 31, 
  2023(4)                                        (7)               -        4             6         - 
 ---------------------------------------  ----------  --------------  -------  ------------  -------- 
 
 
                                                                                           Quarter ended 
                                                                                        January 31, 2022 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ------------------------- 
                                                          Securities 
                                          Securities         at fair 
                                             at fair           value 
                                               value         through    Loans 
                                             through           other      and       Derivative 
                                              profit   comprehensive    other        financial 
                                             or loss          income   assets   instruments(1)  Deposits 
 --------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  -------- 
Fair value as at October 31, 2021                471             306      297                2         - 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in Net income 
 (5)                                            (14)               -      (4)              (1)         - 
Total realized and unrealized gains 
 (losses) included in 
  Other comprehensive income                       -              11        -                -         - 
Purchases                                         29               7       71                -         - 
Sales                                           (15)               -        -                -         - 
Issuances                                          -               -        5                -         - 
Settlements and other                              -               -        5                -         - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 into Level 3                                      -               -        -                -         - 
Financial instruments transferred 
 out of Level 3                                 (12)               -        -                -         - 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  -------- 
Fair value as at January 31, 2022                459             324      374                1         - 
---------------------------------------   ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  -------- 
Change in unrealized gains and losses 
 included in Net income with respect 
 to financial assets and financial 
  liabilities held as at January 31, 
  2022(6)                                       (17)               -      (4)              (1)         - 
 ---------------------------------------  ----------  --------------  -------  ---------------  -------- 
 

(1) The derivative financial instruments include assets and liabilities presented on a net basis.

(2) The amounts include the fair value of embedded derivative financial instruments in deposits.

   (3)      Total gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was a gain of $3 million. 

(4) Total unrealized gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was an unrealized gain of $3 million.

   (5)      Total gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was a loss of $19 million. 

(6) Total unrealized gains (losses) included in Non-interest income was an unrealized loss of $22 million.

Note 3 - Financial Instruments Designated at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss

The Bank chose to designate certain financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss according to the criteria presented in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022. Consistent with its risk management strategy and in accordance with the fair value option, which permits the designation if it eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise from measuring financial assets and financial liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses thereon on different bases, the Bank designated certain securities, certain securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements, and certain liabilities related to transferred receivables at fair value through profit or loss. The fair value of liabilities related to transferred receivables does not include credit risk, as the holders of these liabilities are not exposed to the Bank's credit risk. The Bank also designated certain deposits that include embedded derivative financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss.

To determine a change in fair value arising from a change in the credit risk of deposits designated at fair value through profit or loss, the Bank calculates, at the beginning of the period, the present value of the instrument's contractual cash flows using the following rates: first, an observed discount rate for similar securities that reflects the Bank's credit spread and, then, a rate that excludes the Bank's credit spread. The difference obtained between the two values is then compared to the difference obtained using the same rates at the end of the period.

Information about the financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss is provided in the following tables.

 
                                                                    Unrealized          Unrealized 
                                                                gains (losses)      gains (losses) 
                                                     Carrying              for               since 
                                                     value as      the quarter         the initial 
                                                           at            ended         recognition 
                                                      January          January              of the 
                                                     31, 2023         31, 2023          instrument 
-------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
Financial assets designated at fair value 
 through profit or loss 
  Securities                                              892                9                   2 
  Securities purchased under reverse repurchase 
   agreements                                              39                -                   - 
  -----------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
                                                          931                9                   2 
-------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
Financial liabilities designated at fair 
 value through profit or loss 
  Deposits(1)(2)                                       17,632          (1,188)               1,899 
  Liabilities related to transferred receivables        9,608            (146)                 424 
  ------------------------------------------------  ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
(.)                                                    27,240          (1,334)               2,323 
-------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
 
 
                                                                    Unrealized 
                                                                gains (losses)          Unrealized 
                                                     Carrying              for      gains (losses) 
                                                     value as      the quarter               since 
                                                           at            ended         the initial 
                                                      January          January         recognition 
                                                     31, 2022         31, 2022   of the instrument 
-------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
Financial assets designated at fair value 
 through profit or loss 
 Securities                                             1,211             (10)                  17 
Financial liabilities designated at fair 
 value through profit or loss 
 Deposits(1)(2)                                        14,540              107                (57) 
 Liabilities related to transferred receivables        10,909               59                  81 
 ------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
                                                       25,449              166                  24 
-------------------------------------------------   ---------  ---------------  ------------------ 
 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the change in the fair value of deposits designated at fair value through profit or loss attributable to credit risk, and recorded in Other comprehensive income, resulted in a loss of $192 million ($29 million gain for the quarter ended January 31, 2022).

(2) The amount at maturity that the Bank will be contractually required to pay to the holders of these deposits varies and will differ from the reporting date fair value.

Note 4 - Securities

Credit Quality

As at January 31, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022, securities at fair value through other comprehensive income and securities at amortized cost were mainly classified in Stage 1, with their credit quality falling mostly in the "Excellent" category according to the Bank's internal risk-rating categories. For additional information on the reconciliation of allowances for credit losses, see Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements.

Unrealized Gross Gains (Losses) on Securities at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income

 
                                                                         As at January 31, 2023 
-----------------------------------------------   --------------------------------------------- 
                                                                   Gross        Gross  Carrying 
                                                  Amortized   unrealized   unrealized     value 
                                                       cost        gains       losses       (1) 
 ----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                  3,979            1        (150)     3,830 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments        2,380           13        (115)     2,278 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
  other foreign governments                           1,952            1         (91)     1,862 
Other debt securities                                 1,633            2         (99)     1,536 
Equity securities                                       569           22         (18)       573 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
                                                     10,513           39        (473)    10,079 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  -----------  -----------  -------- 
 
 
                                                                                    As at October 31, 2022 
-----------------------------------------------   -------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                  Amortized  Gross unrealized  Gross unrealized   Carrying 
                                                       cost             gains            losses   value(1) 
 ----------------------------------------------   ---------  ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                  3,386                 1             (175)      3,212 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments        2,129                 1             (160)      1,970 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and 
  other foreign governments                           2,022                 -             (144)      1,878 
Other debt securities                                 1,355                 -             (143)      1,212 
Equity securities                                       570                21              (35)        556 
-----------------------------------------------              ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
                                                      9,462                23             (657)      8,828 
-----------------------------------------------   ---------  ----------------  ----------------  --------- 
 

(1) The allowances for credit losses on securities at fair value through other comprehensive income (excluding the equity securities), representing $1 million as at January 31, 2023 ($2 million as at October 31, 2022), are reported in Other comprehensive income. For additional information, see Note 5 to these consolidated financial statements.

Equity Securities Designated at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income

The Bank designated certain equity securities, the main business objective of which is to generate dividend income, at fair value through other comprehensive income without subsequent reclassification of gains and losses to net income. During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, a dividend income amount of $7 million was recognized for these investments ($5 million for the quarter ended January 31, 2022), including negligible amounts for investments that were sold during the quarters ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.

 
                              Quarter ended January 31,                    Quarter ended January 31, 
                                                   2023                                         2022 
  -------------------   -------------------------------  ------------------------------------------- 
                                          Equity 
                             Equity   securities 
                         securities           of         Equity securities  Equity securities 
                         of private       public                of private                 of 
                          companies    companies  Total          companies   public companies  Total 
  -------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
 
Fair value at 
 beginning                      320          236    556                306                311    617 
 Change in fair value             6            7     13                 11                (3)      8 
 Designated at fair 
  value through 
  other comprehensive 
   income                         -           25     25                  7                 10     17 
 Sales(1)                         -         (21)   (21)                  -               (36)   (36) 
 --------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
Fair value at end               326          247    573                324                282    606 
---------------------   -----------  -----------  -----  -----------------  -----------------  ----- 
 
   (1)       The Bank disposed of private and public company equity securities for economic reasons. 

Note 4 - Securities (cont.)

Securities at Amortized Cost

 
                                                        As at January  As at October 
                                                             31, 2023       31, 2022 
------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by 
 Canadian government                                            5,913          5,737 
 Canadian provincial and municipal governments                  1,908          1,826 
 U.S. Treasury, other U.S. agencies and other foreign 
  governments                                                     149            150 
Other debt securities                                           6,063          5,810 
------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
Gross carrying value                                           14,033         13,523 
Allowances for credit losses                                        8              7 
------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
Carrying value                                                 14,025         13,516 
------------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 

Gains (Losses) on Disposals of Securities at Amortized Cost

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank did not dispose of any securities measured at amortized cost. During the quarter ended January 31, 2022 , the Bank sold certain debt securities measured at amortized cost. The carrying value of these securities upon disposal was $66 million, and the Bank recognized gains of $1 million in Non-interest income - Gains (losses) on non-trading securities, net in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses

Determining and Measuring Expected Credit Losses (ECL)

Determining Expected Credit Losses

Expected credit losses are determined using a three-stage impairment approach that is based on the change in the credit quality of financial assets since initial recognition.

Non-Impaired Loans

Stage 1

Financial assets that have experienced no significant increase in credit risk between initial recognition and the reporting date, and for which 12-month expected credit losses are recorded at the reporting date, are classified in Stage 1.

Stage 2

Financial assets that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk between initial recognition and the reporting date, and for which lifetime expected credit losses are recorded at the reporting date, are classified in Stage 2.

Impaired Loans

Stage 3

Financial assets for which there is objective evidence of impairment, for which one or more events have had a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of these financial assets at the reporting date, and for which lifetime expected credit losses are recorded, are classified in Stage 3.

POCI

Financial assets that are credit-impaired when purchased or originated (POCI) are classified in the POCI category.

For additional information, see Notes 1 and 7 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

Credit Quality of Loans

The following tables present the gross carrying amounts of loans as at January 31, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022, according to credit quality and ECL impairment stage of each loan category at amortized cost, and according to credit quality for loans at fair value through profit or loss. For additional information on credit quality according to the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based (AIRB) categories, see the Internal Default Risk Ratings table on page 78 in the Credit Risk section of the 2022 Annual Report.

 
                                                                    As at January 31, 2023 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------------------------- 
                                  Non-impaired loans     Impaired loans 
 ----------------------------   --------------------  -----------------  --------  ------- 
                                                                            Loans 
                                                                          at fair 
                                                                            value 
                                                                          through 
                                                                           profit 
                                     Stage     Stage     Stage            or loss 
                                         1         2         3     POCI       (1)    Total 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Residential mortgage 
 Excellent                          30,177         1         -        -         -   30,178 
 Good                               16,435       103         -        -         -   16,538 
 Satisfactory                       10,275     3,868         -        -         -   14,143 
 Special mention                       373       693         -        -         -    1,066 
 Substandard                            57       180         -        -         -      237 
 Default                                 -         -        55        -         -       55 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
AIRB approach                       57,317     4,845        55        -         -   62,217 
Standardized approach                8,227       204       199      351    10,906   19,887 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               65,544     5,049       254      351    10,906   82,104 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              62        84        60     (71)         -      135 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     65,482     4,965       194      422    10,906   81,969 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
 
Personal 
 Excellent                          22,307        15         -        -         -   22,322 
 Good                                8,348       549         -        -         -    8,897 
 Satisfactory                        5,328     1,584         -        -         -    6,912 
 Special mention                     1,857       795         -        -         -    2,652 
 Substandard                            32       231         -        -         -      263 
 Default                                 -         -       139        -         -      139 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
AIRB approach                       37,872     3,174       139        -         -   41,185 
Standardized approach                3,700        78        41       63         -    3,882 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               41,572     3,252       180       63         -   45,067 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              72       117        79     (11)         -      257 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     41,500     3,135       101       74         -   44,810 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
 
Credit card 
 Excellent                             517         -         -        -         -      517 
 Good                                  329         -         -        -         -      329 
 Satisfactory                          694        55         -        -         -      749 
 Special mention                       286       186         -        -         -      472 
 Substandard                            37        74         -        -         -      111 
 Default                                 -         -         -        -         -        - 
 ----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
AIRB approach                        1,863       315         -        -         -    2,178 
Standardized approach                  118         -         -        -         -      118 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount                1,981       315         -        -         -    2,296 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                              37        99         -        -         -      136 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                      1,944       216         -        -         -    2,160 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
 
Business and government 
 (3) 
 Excellent                           7,337         -         -        -        99    7,436 
 Good                               27,595        83         -        -        53   27,731 
 Satisfactory                       28,501     7,257         -        -       145   35,903 
 Special mention                       134     1,577         -        -         -    1,711 
 Substandard                            37       260         -        -         -      297 
 Default                                 -         -       339        -         -      339 
 -----------------------------  ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
AIRB approach                       63,604     9,177       339        -       297   73,417 
Standardized approach                8,395        32        20        -        55    8,502 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               71,999     9,209       359        -       352   81,919 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             134       167       178        -         -      479 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     71,865     9,042       181        -       352   81,440 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Total loans and acceptances 
Gross carrying amount              181,096    17,825       793      414    11,258  211,386 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             305       467       317     (82)         -    1,007 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    180,791    17,358       476      496    11,258  210,379 
-----------------------------   ----------  --------  --------  -------  --------  ------- 
 
   (1)        Not subject to expected credit losses. 

(2) The allowances for credit losses do not include the amounts related to undrawn commitments reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (3)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

 
                                                                      As at October 31, 2022 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  --------------------------- 
                                  Non-impaired loans    Impaired loans 
 ----------------------------   --------------------  ----------------  -----------  ------- 
                                                                           Loans at 
                                                                         fair value 
                                                                            through 
                                                                             profit 
                                  Stage 1    Stage 2    Stage 3   POCI   or loss(1)    Total 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Residential mortgage 
 Excellent                         30,465          -          -      -            -   30,465 
 Good                              16,351         12          -      -            -   16,363 
 Satisfactory                      10,765      3,269          -      -            -   14,034 
 Special mention                      609        394          -      -            -    1,003 
 Substandard                           76        140          -      -            -      216 
 Default                                -          -         49      -            -       49 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB approach                      58,266      3,815         49      -            -   62,130 
Standardized approach               7,266        179        211    384        9,959   17,999 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              65,532      3,994        260    384        9,959   80,129 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             53         80         61   (76)            -      118 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    65,479      3,914        199    460        9,959   80,011 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Personal 
 Excellent                         22,190         22          -      -            -   22,212 
 Good                               8,792        479          -      -            -    9,271 
 Satisfactory                       6,928      1,394          -      -            -    8,322 
 Special mention                      358        775          -      -            -    1,133 
 Substandard                           26        203          -      -            -      229 
 Default                                -          -        130      -            -      130 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB approach                      38,294      2,873        130      -            -   41,297 
Standardized approach               3,837         78         36     75            -    4,026 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              42,131      2,951        166     75            -   45,323 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             67        113         75   (16)            -      239 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    42,064      2,838         91     91            -   45,084 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Credit card 
 Excellent                            600          -          -      -            -      600 
 Good                                 359          -          -      -            -      359 
 Satisfactory                         689         51          -      -            -      740 
 Special mention                      287        178          -      -            -      465 
 Substandard                           37         71          -      -            -      108 
 Default                                -          -          -      -            -        - 
 ----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB approach                       1,972        300          -      -            -    2,272 
Standardized approach                 117          -          -      -            -      117 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount               2,089        300          -      -            -    2,389 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                             31         95          -      -            -      126 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                     2,058        205          -      -            -    2,263 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
Business and government 
 (3) 
 Excellent                          6,140          2          -      -          147    6,289 
 Good                              27,607        112          -      -           53   27,772 
 Satisfactory                      26,567      8,803          -      -          145   35,515 
 Special mention                       75      1,172          -      -            -    1,247 
 Substandard                           41        272          -      -            -      313 
 Default                                -          -        367      -            -      367 
 -----------------------------  ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
AIRB approach                      60,430     10,361        367      -          345   71,503 
Standardized approach               8,096         28         19      -          212    8,355 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Gross carrying amount              68,526     10,389        386      -          557   79,858 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                            115        160        197      -            -      472 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                    68,411     10,229        189      -          557   79,386 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Total loans and acceptances 
Gross carrying amount             178,278     17,634        812    459       10,516  207,699 
Allowances for credit 
 losses(2)                            266        448        333   (92)            -      955 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
Carrying amount                   178,012     17,186        479    551       10,516  206,744 
-----------------------------   ---------  ---------  ---------  -----  -----------  ------- 
 
   (1)        Not subject to expected credit losses. 

(2) The allowances for credit losses do not include the amounts related to undrawn commitments reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (3)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

The following table presents the credit risk exposures of off-balance-sheet commitments as at January 31, 2023 and as at October 31, 2022 according to credit quality and ECL impairment stage.

 
                                                                              As at October 
                                     As at January 31, 2023                        31, 2022 
 ----------------------  ------  --------------------------  ------  -----  --------------- 
                          Stage    Stage    Stage             Stage  Stage   Stage 
                              1        2        3     Total       1      2       3    Total 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Off-balance-sheet 
 commitments (1) 
Retail 
 Excellent               15,633        8        -    15,641  15,292     13       -   15,305 
 Good                     3,381      191        -     3,572   3,316    165       -    3,481 
 Satisfactory             1,219      201        -     1,420   1,170    180       -    1,350 
 Special mention            209       75        -       284     193     68       -      261 
 Substandard                 17       16        -        33      15     15       -       30 
 Default                      -        -        1         1       -      -       1        1 
Non-retail 
 Excellent               14,411        -        -    14,411  13,136      -       -   13,136 
 Good                    18,954       11        -    18,965  18,723     24       -   18,747 
 Satisfactory             9,551    3,689        -    13,240   7,894  3,488       -   11,382 
 Special mention             12      320        -       332      12    246       -      258 
 Substandard                  4       18        -        22       4     24       -       28 
 Default                      -        -       11        11       -      -      18       18 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
AIRB approach            63,391    4,529       12    67,932  59,755  4,223      19   63,997 
Standardized approach    15,466        -        -    15,466  15,432      -       -   15,432 
-----------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Total exposure           78,857    4,529       12    83,398  75,187  4,223      19   79,429 
Allowances for 
 credit losses              100       60        1       161      99     63       -      162 
-----------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
Total exposure, 
 net 
  of allowances          78,757    4,469       11    83,237  75,088  4,160      19   79,267 
 ----------------------  ------  -------  -------  --------  ------  -----  ------  ------- 
 

(1) Represent letters of guarantee and documentary letters of credit, undrawn commitments, and backstop liquidity and credit enhancement facilities.

Loans Past Due But Not Impaired (1)

 
                                                                                     As at October 
                                 As at January 31, 2023                                   31, 2022 
 ----------   -----------------------------------------  -----------  --------  ------------------ 
                                               Business                                   Business 
                                                    and                                        and 
              Residential            Credit  government  Residential            Credit  government 
                 mortgage  Personal    card         (2)     mortgage  Personal    card         (2) 
 ----------   -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
 
Past due 
but not 
impaired 
 31 to 60 
  days                102       104      21          25          106       105      23          23 
 61 to 90 
  days                 51        36      12          16           38        30      11           9 
 Over 90 
  days(3)               -         -      25           -            -         -      22           - 
 -----------  -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
                      153       140      58          41          144       135      56          32 
-----------   -----------  --------  ------  ----------  -----------  --------  ------  ---------- 
 

(1) Loans less than 31 days past due are not presented as they are not considered past due from an administrative standpoint.

   (2)       Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

(3) All loans more than 90 days past due, except for credit card receivables, are considered impaired (Stage 3).

Impaired Loans

 
                                       As at January 
                                            31, 2023      As at October 31, 2022 
----------------------------  -----  ---------------  -------------------------- 
                                     Allowances                Allowances 
                                            for                       for 
                                         credit                    credit 
                              Gross      losses  Net   Gross       losses    Net 
 ---------------------------  -----  ----------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
 
Loans - Stage 3 
 Residential mortgage           254          60  194     260           61    199 
 Personal                       180          79  101     166           75     91 
 Credit card(1)                   -           -    -       -            -      - 
 Business and government(2)     359         178  181     386          197    189 
 ---------------------------  -----  ----------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
                                793         317  476     812          333    479 
Loans - POCI                    414        (82)  496     459         (92)    551 
----------------------------  -----  ----------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
                              1,207         235  972   1,271          241  1,030 
 ---------------------------  -----  ----------  ---  ------  -----------  ----- 
 

(1) Credit card receivables are considered impaired, at the latest, when payment is 180 days past due, and they are written off at that time.

   (2)        Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

Allowances for Credit Losses

The following tables present a reconciliation of the allowances for credit losses by Consolidated Balance Sheet item and by type of off-balance-sheet commitment.

 
                                                                                           Quarter ended 
                                                                                        January 31, 2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ---------------------- 
                                   Allowances                                                 Allowances 
                                          for                                                        for 
                                       credit                                                     credit 
                                       losses  Provisions                                      losses as 
                                        as at         for                                             at 
                                      October      credit  Write-offs             Recoveries     January 
                                     31, 2022      losses         (1)  Disposals   and other    31, 2023 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with financial            5           -           -          -           - 
 institutions (2)(3)                                                                                   5 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through other                2         (1)           -          -           - 
  comprehensive income(4)                                                                              1 
 At amortized cost(2)                       7           1           -          -           -           8 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities                  -           -           -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage                     118          19         (1)          -         (1)         135 
 Personal                                 239          31        (16)          -           3         257 
 Credit card                              126          25        (18)          -           3         136 
 Business and government                  418          19         (5)          -           -         432 
 Customers' liability under 
  acceptances                              54         (7)           -          -           -          47 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                          955          87        (40)          -           5       1,007 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                         -           -           -          -           -           - 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
Off-balance-sheet commitments 
 (6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of credit             13           -           -          -           -          13 
Undrawn commitments                       143         (1)           -          -           -         142 
Backstop liquidity and credit               6           -           -          -           - 
 enhancement facilities                                                                                6 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                          162         (1)           -          -           -         161 
 --------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
                                        1,131          86        (40)          -           5       1,182 
---------------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ---------  ----------  ---------- 
 
 
                                                                                   Quarter ended January 
                                                                                                31, 2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  -------------------------- 
                            Allowances 
                                   for                                                        Allowances 
                                credit                                                               for 
                                losses  Provisions                                         credit losses 
                                 as at         for                                                 as at 
                               October      credit                            Recoveries         January 
                              31, 2021      losses  Write-offs(1)  Disposals   and other        31, 2022 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 
Balance sheet 
Cash and deposits with 
 financial 
 institutions (2)(3)                 5           2              -          -           -               7 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities (3) 
 At fair value through 
  other 
  comprehensive income(4)            1           -              -          -           -               1 
 At amortized cost(2)                3           2              -          -           -               5 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Securities purchased under 
 reverse repurchase 
 agreements and securities           -           -              -          -           - 
  borrowed (2)(3)                                                                                      - 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Loans (5) 
 Residential mortgage               71          10            (1)          -           -              80 
 Personal                          202          15           (11)          -           6             212 
 Credit card                       122          13           (15)          -           4             124 
 Business and government           515           -           (67)          -           3             451 
 Customers' liability 
  under 
  acceptances                       88        (27)              -          -           -              61 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   998          11           (94)          -          13             928 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Other assets (2)(3)                  -           -              -          -           -               - 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
Off-balance-sheet 
commitments 
(6) 
Letters of guarantee and 
 documentary letters of 
 credit                             13         (3)              -          -           -              10 
Undrawn commitments                143        (13)              -          -           -             130 
Backstop liquidity and 
 credit 
 enhancement facilities              6         (1)              -          -           -               5 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                   162        (17)              -          -           -             145 
 -------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
                                 1,169         (2)           (94)          -          13           1,086 
--------------------------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ---------  ----------  -------------- 
 

(1) The contractual amount outstanding on financial assets that were written off during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 and that are still subject to enforcement activity was $25 million ($22 million for the quarter ended January 31, 2022).

(2) These financial assets are presented net of the allowances for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3) As at January 31, 2023 and 2022, these financial assets were mainly classified in Stage 1 and their credit quality fell mostly within the Excellent category.

(4) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Accumulated other comprehensive income item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(5) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Allowances for credit losses item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(6) The allowances for credit losses are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following tables present a reconciliation of allowances for credit losses for each loan category at amortized cost according to ECL impairment stage.

 
                                     Quarter ended January                             Quarter ended 
                                                  31, 2023                          January 31, 2022 
  ------------------  -----  -----------------------------  ------  -------  ----------------------- 
                          Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                 for            for                     for               for 
                       credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                  on             on                      on                on 
                        non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                               loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  --------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                      Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                          1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Residential mortgage 
Balance at beginning     53       80     61    (76)    118      50       52      29      (60)     71 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               5        -      -       -      5       5        -       -         -      5 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              8      (7)    (1)       -      -       3      (3)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (3)        9    (6)       -      -     (1)        1       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -      (8)      8       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)      -       12      3       3     18    (18)       14       6         4      6 
 Derecognitions(4)      (1)      (1)    (2)       -    (4)       -      (1)       -         -    (1) 
 Changes to models        -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   9        5      2       3     19    (11)       11       6         4     10 
Write-offs                -        -    (1)       -    (1)       -        -     (1)         -    (1) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                -      (1)    (2)       2    (1)       1        -       -       (1)      - 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           62       84     60    (71)    135      40       63      34      (57)     80 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           62       84     60    (71)    135      40       63      34      (57)     80 
 Undrawn 
 commitments(5)           -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Personal 
Balance at beginning     70      117     75    (16)    246      73      103      63      (29)    210 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases              10        -      -       -     10      12        -       -         -     12 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1             19     (17)    (2)       -      -      18     (16)     (2)         -      - 
  to Stage 2            (4)        4      -       -      -     (3)        3       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3              -     (12)     12       -      -       -      (6)       6         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)   (18)       33      7       5     27    (26)       23       3         4      4 
 Derecognitions(4)      (2)      (4)    (1)       -    (7)     (3)      (4)     (1)         -    (8) 
 Changes to models        1        -      -       -      1     (2)        8       -         -      6 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   6        4     16       5     31     (4)        8       6         4     14 
Write-offs                -        -   (16)       -   (16)       -        -    (11)         -   (11) 
Disposals                 -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                -        -      5       -      5       -        -       5         -      5 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other              (1)        -    (1)       -    (2)       1        -       -         -      1 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           75      121     79    (11)    264      70      111      63      (25)    219 
--------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           72      117     79    (11)    257      67      107      63      (25)    212 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          3        4      -       -      7       3        4       -         -      7 
 -------------------  -----  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loans were acquired during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the quarter ended January 31, 2022 was $5 million). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

 
                                      Quarter ended January                             Quarter ended 
                                                   31, 2023                          January 31, 2022 
  ------------------  ------  -----------------------------  ------  -------  ----------------------- 
                           Allowances     Allowances              Allowances        Allowances 
                                  for            for                     for               for 
                        credit losses  credit losses           credit losses     credit losses 
                                   on             on                      on                on 
                         non-impaired       impaired            non-impaired          impaired 
                                loans          loans                   loans             loans 
  ------------------  ---------------  -------------  -----  ---------------  ----------------  ----- 
                       Stage    Stage  Stage    POCI          Stage    Stage   Stage 
                           1        2      3     (1)  Total       1        2       3   POCI(1)  Total 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Credit card 
Balance at beginning      53      112      -       -    165      57      101       -         -    158 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases                2        -      -       -      2       3        -       -         -      3 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              25     (25)      -       -      -      22     (22)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2             (4)        4      -       -      -     (5)        5       -         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -      (7)      7       -      -       -      (5)       5         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (16)       33      8       -     25    (21)       24       6         -      9 
 Derecognitions(4)       (1)        -      -       -    (1)     (1)        -       -         -    (1) 
 Changes to models         -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                    6        5     15       -     26     (2)        2      11         -     11 
Write-offs                 -        -   (18)       -   (18)       -        -    (15)         -   (15) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      3       -      3       -        -       4         -      4 
Foreign exchange 
movements 
and other                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end            59      117      -       -    176      55      103       -         -    158 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn            37       99      -       -    136      34       90       -         -    124 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          22       18      -       -     40      21       13       -         -     34 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Business and 
government 
(6) 
Balance at beginning     177      195    197       -    569     177      238     287         -    702 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 Originations or 
  purchases               24        -      -       -     24      22        -       -         -     22 
 Transfers(2) : 
  to Stage 1              17     (17)      -       -      -      28     (28)       -         -      - 
  to Stage 2             (6)        8    (2)       -      -     (8)        9     (1)         -      - 
  to Stage 3               -      (1)      1       -      -       -      (1)       1         -      - 
 Net remeasurement 
  of 
  loss allowances(3)    (10)       21   (10)       -      1    (35)      (2)       1         -   (36) 
 Derecognitions(4)       (5)      (8)    (2)       -   (15)     (9)     (14)       -         -   (23) 
 Changes to models         -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                   20        3   (13)       -     10     (2)     (36)       1         -   (37) 
Write-offs                 -        -    (5)       -    (5)       -        -    (67)         -   (67) 
Disposals                  -        -      -       -      -       -        -       -         -      - 
Recoveries                 -        -      1       -      1       -        -       1         -      1 
Foreign exchange 
 movements 
 and other                 -        -    (1)       -    (1)       -        -       2         -      2 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Balance at end           197      198    179       -    574     175      202     224         -    601 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           134      167    178       -    479     113      175     224         -    512 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          63       31      1       -     95      62       27       -         -     89 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Total allowances for 
 credit losses at 
 end 
 (7)                     393      520    318    (82)  1,149     340      479     321      (82)  1,058 
--------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
Includes: 
 Amounts drawn           305      467    317    (82)  1,007     254      435     321      (82)    928 
 Undrawn 
  commitments(5)          88       53      1       -    142      86       44       -         -    130 
 -------------------  ------  -------  -----  ------  -----  ------  -------  ------  --------  ----- 
 

(1) No POCI loans were acquired during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 (the total amount of undiscounted initially expected credit losses on the POCI loans acquired during the quarter ended January 31, 2022 was $5 million). The expected credit losses reflected in the purchase price have been discounted.

(2) Represent stage transfers deemed to have taken place at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred.

(3) Includes the net remeasurement of loss allowances (after transfers) attributable mainly to changes in volumes and in the credit quality of existing loans as well as to changes in risk parameters.

(4) Represent reversals to loss allowances arising from full loan repayments (excluding write-offs and disposals).

(5) The allowances for credit losses on undrawn commitments are reported in the Other liabilities item of the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

   (6)       Includes customers' liability under acceptances. 
   (7)       Excludes allowances for credit losses on other financial assets at amortized cost and on off-balance-sheet commitments other than undrawn commitments. 

Main Macroeconomic Factors

The following tables show the main macroeconomic factors used to estimate the allowances for credit losses on loans. For each scenario, namely, the base scenario, upside scenario, and downside scenario, the average values of the macroeconomic factors over the next 12 months (used for Stage 1 credit loss calculations) and over the remaining forecast period (used for Stage 2 credit loss calculations) are presented.

 
                                                                                     As at January 31, 
                                                                                                  2023 
------------------   --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  -------------------------- 
                                 Base scenario             Upside scenario           Downside scenario 
 -----------------   -------------------------  --------------------------  -------------------------- 
                         Next        Remaining                   Remaining                   Remaining 
                           12         forecast       Next         forecast       Next         forecast 
                       months           period  12 months           period  12 months           period 
 -----------------   --------      -----------  ---------      -----------  ---------      ----------- 
 
Macroeconomic 
factors 
(1) 
 
 GDP growth(2)            0.3   %     1.8   %         0.8   %     1.9   %       (5.1)   %     2.6   % 
 
 Unemployment rate        5.8   %     6.2   %         5.5   %     5.6   %         7.3   %     6.8   % 
 Housing price 
  index 
  growth(2)             (9.6)   %     1.3   %       (0.8)   %     0.4   %      (13.9)   %     0.3   % 
 
 BBB spread(3)            2.3   %     2.1   %         2.1   %     1.9   %         3.3   %     2.5   % 
 S&P/TSX 
  growth(2)(4)            4.2   %     2.0   %         5.6   %     2.6   %      (25.6)   %     5.5   % 
 WTI oil price(5) 
  (US$ per barrel)         77          75              92          87              46          57 
 ------------------  --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  --- 
 
 
                                                                                     As at October 31, 
                                                                                                  2022 
------------------   --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  -------------------------- 
                                 Base scenario             Upside scenario           Downside scenario 
 -----------------   -------------------------  --------------------------  -------------------------- 
                         Next        Remaining                   Remaining                   Remaining 
                           12         forecast       Next         forecast       Next         forecast 
                       months           period  12 months           period  12 months           period 
 -----------------   --------      -----------  ---------      -----------  ---------      ----------- 
 
Macroeconomic 
factors 
(1) 
 GDP growth(2)            0.6%        1.7%            1.1%        1.6%          (5.2)%        2.9% 
 Unemployment rate        6.0%        6.1%            5.4%        5.4%            7.4%        6.4% 
 Housing price 
  index 
  growth(2)            (11.2)%        0.7%              -%        0.2%         (13.9)%        0.3% 
 BBB spread(3)            2.4%        2.1%            2.0%        1.9%            3.4%        2.6% 
 S&P/TSX 
  growth(2)(4)          (4.3)%        2.4%            5.1%        2.6%         (25.6)%        5.5% 
 WTI oil price(5) 
  (US$ per barrel)         78          77             102          97              44          51 
 ------------------  --------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  ---  ---------      ------  --- 
 
   (1)       All macroeconomic factors are based on the Canadian economy unless otherwise indicated. 
   (2)       Growth rate is annualized. 

(3) Yield on corporate BBB bonds less yield on Canadian federal government bonds with 10-year maturity.

   (4)       Main stock index in Canada. 

(5) The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) index is commonly used as a benchmark for the price of oil.

The main macroeconomic factors used for the personal credit portfolio are unemployment rate and growth in the housing price index, based on the economy of Canada or Quebec. The main macroeconomic factors used for the business and government credit portfolio are unemployment rate, spread on corporate BBB bonds, S&P/TSX growth, and WTI oil price. An increase in unemployment rate or BBB spread will generally lead to higher allowances for credit losses, whereas an increase in the other macroeconomic factors (GDP, S&P/TSX, housing price index, and WTI oil price) will generally lead to lower allowances for credit losses.

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, macroeconomic risks increased slightly.

A decline in energy costs in Europe and the relaxation of public health measures in China are good news for the global economy. Nevertheless, our base scenario remains prudent, since most countries still face persistent inflationary challenges, while uncertainty on the geopolitical front remains high. Supply chains are normalizing, and the prices for certain goods are decreasing, but the impacts of the tightening monetary policy are being felt. In North America, the normalization of monetary policy continues and is affecting the residential sector. However, the Canadian economy is still well positioned. Although commodity prices have declined from their recent peaks, they remain historically high and should benefit the natural resources industry. Meanwhile, consumers have amassed substantial excess savings against a backdrop of full employment. Still, consumption is likely to suffer from interest payment shock. The unemployment rate is 6.1% after 12 months, a 1-percentage-point increase. Housing prices decrease by 9.6% year over year. The S&P/TSX sits at 20,325 points after one year, and the price of oil hovers around US$80.

In the upside scenario, an easing of geopolitical tensions boosts confidence. Inflation comes under control as supply chains normalize, and the tight monetary policy does not inflict too much damage on the economy. Governments maintain a sizable fiscal stimulus in Canada and the United States, offsetting the tight monetary policy. Consumer spending is surprisingly high because of the excess savings amassed since the start of the pandemic. After one year, the unemployment rate is more favourable than in the base scenario (three-tenths lower). Housing prices decline by 0.8%, the S&P/TSX is at 20,600 points after one year and the price of oil is around US$91.

In the downside scenario, central bankers have underestimated the impact of their simultaneous tightening measures, and the global economy sinks into a recession, as a decrease in demand is reflected in reduced investment by businesses, which also carry out layoffs. Given budgetary constraints, governments cannot support households and businesses as they did during the pandemic. After 12 months, the economic contraction pushes the unemployment rate to 8.1%. Housing prices decrease considerably, and after one year, the S&P/TSX is at 14,500 points and the price of oil falls to US$40.

Note 5 - Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses (cont.)

Given the uncertainty surrounding key inputs used to measure credit losses, the Bank has applied expert credit judgment to adjust the modelled expected credit loss results.

Sensitivity Analysis of Allowances for Credit Losses on Non-Impaired Loans

Scenarios

The following table shows a comparison of the Bank's allowances for credit losses on non-impaired loans (Stages 1 and 2) as at January 31, 2023 based on the probability weightings of three scenarios with allowances for credit losses resulting from simulations of each scenario weighted at 100%.

 
                                                Allowances 
                                                for credit 
                                    losses on non-impaired 
                                                     loans 
 -------------------------------   ----------------------- 
 
Balance as at January 31, 2023                         913 
--------------------------------   ----------------------- 
 
Simulations 
 100% upside scenario                                  648 
 100% base scenario                                    763 
 100% downside scenario                              1,181 
 --------------------------------  ----------------------- 
 

Note 6 - Other Assets

 
                                                 As at January  As at October 
                                                      31, 2023       31, 2022 
----------------------------------------------   -------------  ------------- 
 
Receivables, prepaid expenses and other items            3,036          2,591 
Interest and dividends receivable                        1,432          1,057 
Due from clients, dealers and brokers                      707            842 
Defined benefit asset                                      452            498 
Deferred tax assets                                        406            389 
Current tax assets                                         650            471 
Reinsurance assets                                           7              6 
Insurance assets                                           109            104 
-----------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
                                                         6,799          5,958 
 ----------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 

Note 7 - Deposits

 
                                                          As at January 31,  As at October 
                                                                       2023       31, 2022 
----------------------------   ---------  ------------  -------------------  ------------- 
                               On demand  After notice  Fixed term 
                                     (1)           (2)         (3)    Total          Total 
----------------------------   ---------  ------------  ----------  -------  ------------- 
 
Personal                           4,994        36,005      42,648   83,647         78,811 
Business and government           59,829        31,035     104,174  195,038        184,230 
Deposit-taking institutions        1,355           224       2,241    3,820          3,353 
-----------------------------  ---------  ------------  ----------  -------  ------------- 
                                  66,178        67,264     149,063  282,505        266,394 
 ----------------------------  ---------  ------------  ----------  -------  ------------- 
 

(1) Demand deposits are deposits for which the Bank does not have the right to require a notice of withdrawal and consist essentially of deposits in chequing accounts.

(2) Notice deposits are deposits for which the Bank may legally require a notice of withdrawal and consist mainly of deposits in savings accounts.

(3) Fixed-term deposits are deposits that can be withdrawn by the holder on a specified date and include term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates, savings accounts and plans, covered bonds, and other similar instruments.

The Deposits - Business and government item includes, among other items, covered bonds for which the balance was $11.4 billion as at January 31, 2023 ($10.4 billion as at October 31, 2022). During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank issued 280 million Swiss francs in covered bonds (1.0 billion euros in covered bonds came to maturity, and the Bank issued 1.0 billion euros in covered bonds during the quarter ended January 31, 2022). For additional information on covered bonds, see Note 27 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

In addition, as at January 31, 2023, the Deposits - Business and government item also includes deposits of $ 15.8 billion ($ 12.8 billion as at October 31, 2022) that are subject to the bank bail-in conversion regulations issued by the Government of Canada. These regulations provide certain powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC), notably the power to convert certain eligible Bank shares and liabilities into common shares should the Bank become non-viable.

Note 8 - Other Liabilities

 
                                                    As at January  As at October 
                                                         31, 2023       31, 2022 
-------------------------------------------------   -------------  ------------- 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses                       1,974          2,582 
Subsidiaries' debts to third parties                          168            156 
Interest and dividends payable                              1,392          1,063 
Lease liabilities                                             543            552 
Due to clients, dealers and brokers                           670            730 
Defined benefit liability                                     116            111 
Allowances for credit losses - Off-balance-sheet 
 commitments (Note 5)                                         161            162 
Deferred tax liabilities                                       15             14 
Current tax liabilities                                        98             67 
Insurance liabilities                                           7             10 
Other items(1)(2)(3)                                        1,001            914 
--------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
                                                            6,145          6,361 
 -------------------------------------------------  -------------  ------------- 
 

(1) As at January 31, 2023, Other items included $10 million in litigation provisions ($11 million as at October 31, 2022).

(2) As at January 31, 2023, Other items included $32 million in provisions for onerous contracts ($33 million as at October 31, 2022 ).

(3) As at January 31, 2023, Other items included the financial liability resulting from put options written to non-controlling interests of Flinks Technology Inc. (Flinks) for an amount of $34 million ($33 million as at October 31, 2022).

Note 9 - Share Capital and Other Equity Instruments

Shares and Other Equity Instruments Outstanding

 
                                              As at January 31,      As at October 31, 
                                                           2023                   2022 
  -------------------------------------   ---------------------  --------------------- 
 
                                               Number 
                                            of shares    Shares       Number    Shares 
                                              or LRCN   or LRCN    of shares   or LRCN 
                                                  (1)         $      or LRCN         $ 
  -------------------------------------   -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
 
First Preferred Shares 
  Series 30                                14,000,000       350   14,000,000       350 
  Series 32                                12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  Series 38                                16,000,000       400   16,000,000       400 
  Series 40                                12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  Series 42                                12,000,000       300   12,000,000       300 
  --------------------------------------  -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
                                           66,000,000     1,650   66,000,000     1,650 
   -------------------------------------  -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Other equity instruments 
  LRCN - Series 1                             500,000       500      500,000       500 
  LRCN - Series 2                             500,000       500      500,000       500 
  LRCN - Series 3                             500,000       500      500,000       500 
  --------------------------------------  -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
                                            1,500,000     1,500    1,500,000     1,500 
   -------------------------------------  -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Preferred shares and other equity 
 instruments                               67,500,000     3,150   67,500,000     3,150 
---------------------------------------   -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Common shares at beginning of fiscal 
 year                                     336,582,124     3,196  337,912,283     3,160 
Issued pursuant to the Stock Option 
 Plan                                         667,543        34    1,193,663        61 
Repurchases of common shares for 
 cancellation                                       -         -  (2,500,000)      (24) 
Impact of shares purchased or sold 
 for trading(2)                                68,093         6     (18,295)       (1) 
Other                                               -         -      (5,527)         - 
---------------------------------------   -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
Common shares at end of period            337,317,760     3,236  336,582,124     3,196 
---------------------------------------   -----------  --------  -----------  -------- 
 
   (1)       Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN). 

(2) As at January 31, 2023, a total of 62,843 shares were sold short for trading, representing $6 million ( 5,250 shares were held for trading, representing a negligible amount as at October 31, 2022).

Note 9 - Share Capital and Other Equity Instruments (cont.)

Dividends Declared and Distributions on Other Equity Instruments

 
                                                                    Quarter ended January 
                                                                                       31 
  ----------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------------------ 
                                                           2023                      2022 
------------------------------------   ------------------------  ------------------------ 
 
                                          Dividends                 Dividends 
                                        or interest   Dividends   or interest   Dividends 
                                                  $   per share             $   per share 
  ----------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
 
First Preferred Shares 
  Series 30                                       3      0.2516             3      0.2516 
  Series 32                                       3      0.2399             3      0.2399 
  Series 38                                       7      0.4392             5      0.2781 
  Series 40                                       3      0.2875             3      0.2875 
  Series 42                                       4      0.3094             4      0.3094 
  -----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
                                                 20                        18 
   ----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
Other equity instruments 
  LRCN - Series 1(1)                              5                         5 
  LRCN - Series 2(2)                              5                         5 
  LRCN - Series 3(3)                             10                         - 
  -----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
                                                 20                        10 
   ----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
Preferred shares and other equity 
 instruments                                     40                        28 
------------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
Common shares                                   327      0.9700           294      0.8700 
------------------------------------   ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
                                                367                       322 
   ----------------------------------  ------------  ----------  ------------  ---------- 
 
   (1)       The LRCN - Series 1 bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.30% per annum. 
   (2)       The LRCN - Series 2 bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.05% per annum. 
   (3)       The LRCN - Series 3 bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% per annum. 

Repurchase of Common Shares

On December 12, 2022, the Bank began a normal course issuer bid to repurchase for cancellation up to 7,000,000 common shares (representing approximately 2.1% of its outstanding common shares) over the 12-month period ending no later than December 11, 2023. On December 10, 2021, the Bank had begun a normal course issuer bid to repurchase for cancellation up to 7,000,000 common shares (representing approximately 2% of its then outstanding common shares) over the 12-month period ended December 9, 2022. Any repurchase through the Toronto Stock Exchange will be done at market prices. The common shares may also be repurchased through other means authorized by the Toronto Stock Exchange and applicable regulations, including private agreements or share repurchase programs under issuer bid exemption orders issued by the securities regulators. A private purchase made under an exemption order issued by a securities regulator will be done at a discount to the prevailing market price. The amounts that are paid above the average book value of the common shares are charged to Retained earnings. During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank did not repurchase any common shares. During the quarter ended January 31, 2022, the Bank had repurchased 500,000 common shares for $48 million, which had reduced Common share capital by $5 million and Retained earnings by $43 million.

Note 10 - Capital Disclosure

The Bank and all other major Canadian banks have to maintain the following minimum capital ratios established by OSFI: a CET1 capital ratio of at least 10.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 12.0%, and a Total capital ratio of at least 14.0%. All of these ratios include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and OSFI as well as a 1.0% surcharge applicable solely to Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) and a 2.5% domestic stability buffer. On December 8, 2022, OSFI expanded the domestic stability buffer range, setting it at 0% to 4.0% instead of the previous range of 0% to 2.5%, and it announced that the buffer would rise from 2.5% to 3.0% effective February 1, 2023. The domestic stability buffer must consist exclusively of CET1 capital. A D--SIB that fails to meet this buffer requirement will not be subject to automatic constraints to reduce capital distributions but must provide a remediation plan to OSFI. Banks also have to meet the capital floor that sets the regulatory capital level according to the Basel II Standardized Approach. If the capital requirement under Basel III is less than 70% of the capital requirement as calculated under Basel II, the difference is added to risk-weighted assets. Lastly, OSFI requires Canadian banks to meet a Basel III leverage ratio of at least 3.0%.

OSFI also requires D-SIBs to maintain a risk-based total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) ratio of at least 24.0% (including the domestic stability buffer) of risk-weighted assets and a TLAC leverage ratio of at least 6.75%. The purpose of TLAC is to ensure that a D-SIB has sufficient loss-absorbing capacity to support its internal recapitalization in the unlikely event it becomes non-viable.

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank was in compliance with all of OSFI's regulatory capital, leverage, and TLAC requirements.

Regulatory Capital (1) , Leverage Ratio (1) and TLAC (2)

 
                         As at January      As at October 
                              31, 2023           31, 2022 
----------------------   -------------      ------------- 
Capital 
 CET1                           15,330             14,818 
 Tier 1                         18,478             17,961 
 Total(3)                       19,484             19,727 
 ----------------------  -------------      ------------- 
Risk-weighted assets           121,813            116,840 
 
Total exposure                 411,149            401,780 
----------------------   -------------      ------------- 
 
Capital ratios 
 
 CET1                             12.6   %           12.7% 
 
 Tier 1                           15.2   %           15.4% 
 
 Total(3)                         16.0   %           16.9% 
                         -------------      ------------- 
 
Leverage ratio                     4.5   %            4.5% 
 
Available TLAC                  34,902             32,351 
 
TLAC ratio                        28.7   %           27.7% 
 
TLAC leverage ratio                8.5   %            8.1% 
----------------------   -------------      ------------- 
 

(1) Capital, risk-weighted assets, total exposure, the capital ratios and the leverage ratio are calculated in accordance with the Basel III rules, as set out in OSFI's Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline and Leverage Requirements Guideline. The calculation of the figures as at October 31, 2022 had included the transitional measure applicable to expected credit loss provisioning implemented by OSFI in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This provision ceased to apply on November 1, 2022.

(2) Available TLAC, the TLAC ratio, and the TLAC leverage ratio are calculated in accordance with OSFI's Total Loss Absorbing Capacity Guideline.

   (3)       Includes the $750 million redemption of medium-term notes on February 1, 2023. 

Note 11 - Share-Based Payments

Stock Option Plan

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank awarded 1,416,060 stock options (1,771,588 stock options during the quarter ended January 31, 2022) with an average fair value of $14.76 per option ($13.24 in 2022).

As at January 31, 2023, there were 12,604,649 stock options outstanding (11,861,749 stock options as at October 31, 2022).

The average fair value of the options awarded was estimated on the award date using the Black-Scholes model as well as the following assumptions.

 
                              Quarter ended January 31 
                            -------------------------- 
                                    2023          2022 
 
 
Risk-free interest rate            3.25%         1.79% 
Expected life of options         7 years       7 years 
Expected volatility               23.13%        22.68% 
Expected dividend yield            4.23%         3.88% 
 
 

During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, a $5 million compensation expense was recorded for this plan ($4 million for the quarter ended January 31, 2022).

Note 12 - Employee Benefits - Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

The Bank offers pension plans that have a defined benefit component and a defined contribution component. The Bank also offers other post-employment benefit plans to eligible employees. The cost associated with these plans, including the remeasurements recognized in Other comprehensive income, is presented in the following table.

Cost for Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans

 
                                                                        Quarter ended January 
                                                                                           31 
 
                                                                        Other post-employment 
                                                       Pension plans            benefit plans 
                                                     --------------- 
                                                        2023    2022         2023        2022 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
 
Current service cost                                      23      31            -           - 
Interest expense (income), net                           (6)     (5)            2           1 
Administrative costs                                       1       1 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
Expense of the defined benefit component                  18      27            2           1 
Expense of the defined contribution component              1 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
Expense recognized in Net income                          19      27            2           1 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
Remeasurements (1) 
 Actuarial (gains) losses on defined 
  benefit obligation                                     330   (185)            6         (4) 
 Return on plan assets(2)                              (264)      58 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
Remeasurements recognized in Other comprehensive 
 income                                                   66   (127)            6         (4) 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
                                                          85   (100)            8         (3) 
                                                     -------  ------  -----------  ---------- 
 

(1) Changes related to the discount rate and to the return on plan assets are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. All other assumptions are updated annually.

   (2)        Excludes interest income. 

Note 13 - Income Taxes

Proposed Legislation

On November 4, 2022, the Government of Canada introduced Bill C-32 - An Act to implement certain provisions of the fall economic statement tabled in Parliament on November 3, 2022 and certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022 to implement tax measures applicable to certain entities of banking and life insurer groups, as presented in its April 7, 2022 budget. These tax measures include the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD), which is a one-time, 15% tax on the fiscal 2021 and 2020 average taxable income above $1 billion, as well as a 1.5% increase in the statutory tax rate. On December 15, 2022, Bill C-32 received royal assent. Given that these tax measures were in effect at the financial reporting date, a $32 million tax expense for the CRD and an $8 million tax recovery for the tax rate increase, including the impact related to current and deferred taxes for fiscal 2022, were recognized in the consolidated financial statements as at January 31, 2023.

Note 14 - Earnings Per Share

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after taking into account the dilution effect of stock options using the treasury stock method and any gain (loss) on the redemption of preferred shares.

 
                                                                   Quarter ended January 
                                                                                      31 
                                                                 ----------------------- 
                                                                        2023     2022(1) 
                                                                 -----------  ---------- 
 
Basic earnings per share 
Net income attributable to the Bank's shareholders and 
 holders of other equity instruments                                     881         930 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other 
 equity instruments                                                       35          26 
Net income attributable to common shareholders                           846         904 
Weighted average basic number of common shares outstanding 
 (thousands)                                                         336,993     338,056 
--------------------------------------------------------------                ---------- 
Basic earnings per share (dollars)                                      2.51        2.67 
--------------------------------------------------------------                ---------- 
 
Diluted earnings per share 
Net income attributable to common shareholders                           846         904 
--------------------------------------------------------------                ---------- 
Weighted average basic number of common shares outstanding 
 (thousands)                                                         336,993     338,056 
Adjustment to average number of common shares (thousands) 
 Stock options(2)                                                      3,450       4,262 
                                                                              ---------- 
Weighted average diluted number of common shares outstanding 
 (thousands)                                                         340,443     342,318 
--------------------------------------------------------------                ---------- 
Diluted earnings per share (dollars)                                    2.49        2.64 
                                                                              ---------- 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements. For additional information, see Note 1.

(2) For the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded an average number of 1,754,368 options outstanding with a weighted average exercise price of $96.35, given that the exercise price of these options was greater than the average price of the Bank's common shares. For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, given that the exercise price of the options was lower than the average price of the Bank's common shares, no options were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation.

Note 15 - Segment Disclosures

The Bank carries out its activities in four business segments, which are defined below. For presentation purposes, other activities are grouped in the Other heading. Each reportable segment is distinguished by services offered, type of clientele, and marketing strategy. The presentation of segment disclosures is consistent with the presentation adopted by the Bank for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2022. This presentation reflects a revision to the method used for the sectoral allocation of technology investment expenses , which are now immediately allocated to the various business segments, whereas certain expenses , notably costs incurred during the research phase of projects , had previously been recorded in the Other heading of segment results. This revision is consistent with the accounting policy change applied in fiscal 2022 related to cloud computing arrangements. For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect this accounting policy change (for additional information, see Note 1).

Personal and Commercial

The Personal and Commercial segment encompasses the banking, financing, and investing services offered to individuals, advisors, and businesses as well as insurance operations.

Wealth Management

The Wealth Management segment comprises investment solutions, trust services, banking services, lending services, and other wealth management solutions offered through internal and third-party distribution networks.

Financial Markets

The Financial Markets segment encompasses corporate banking and investment banking and financial solutions for large and mid-size corporations, public sector organizations, and institutional investors.

U.S. Specialty Finance and International (USSF&I)

The USSF&I segment encompasses the specialty finance expertise provided by the Credigy subsidiary; the activities of the ABA Bank subsidiary, which offers financial products and services to individuals and businesses in Cambodia; and the activities of targeted investments in certain emerging markets.

Other

This heading encompasses treasury activities; liquidity management; Bank funding; asset/liability management activities; the activities of the Flinks subsidiary, a fintech company specialized in financial data aggregation and distribution; certain specified items; and the unallocated portion of corporate units.

 
                                                                                           Quarter ended January 31(1) 
 ----------------- 
                            Personal 
                                 and        Wealth         Financial 
                          Commercial    Management           Markets          USSF&I           Other             Total 
                    ---------------- 
                       2023     2022   2023   2022     2023     2022    2023    2022    2023    2022     2023     2022 
------------------ 
 
Net interest 
 income(2)              825      669    208    119     (91)      398     299     270   (142)   (124)    1,099    1,332 
Non-interest 
 income(2)              299      289    429    473      780      264      20      15    (45)      93    1,483    1,134 
 
Total revenues        1,124      958    637    592      689      662     319     285   (187)    (31)    2,582    2,466 
Non-interest 
 expenses               606      555    364    360      287      263      98      80      48      22    1,403    1,280 
 
Income before 
 provisions 
 for credit 
 losses and income 
 taxes                  518      403    273    232      402      399     221     205   (235)    (53)    1,179    1,186 
Provisions for 
 credit 
 losses                  61      (5)      -      -      (9)     (16)      35      18     (1)       1       86      (2) 
 
Income before 
 income 
 taxes (recovery)       457      408    273    232      411      415     186     187   (234)    (54)    1,093    1,188 
Income taxes 
 (recovery)(2)(3)       126      108     75     62      113      110      39      39   (141)    (61)      212      258 
 
Net income              331      300    198    170      298      305     147     148    (93)       7      881      930 
Non-controlling 
interests                 -        -      -      -        -        -       -       -       -       -        -        - 
 
Net income 
attributable 
 to the Bank's 
  shareholders 
  and holders of 
  other 
  equity 
  instruments           331      300    198    170      298      305     147     148    (93)       7      881      930 
 
Average assets(4)   146,131  136,093  8,523  8,331  173,262  157,761  21,606  17,974  75,424  68,513  424,946  388,672 
 
Total assets        146,852  137,803  8,427  8,414  163,581  134,314  22,072  18,225  77,410  67,925  418,342  366,681 
 
 

(1) For the quarter ended January 31, 2022, certain amounts have been reclassified, notably due to a revised method for the sectoral allocation of technology investment expenses. In addition, certain amounts have been adjusted to reflect a change in accounting policy related to cloud computing arrangements (for additional information, see Note 1).

(2) The Net interest income, Non-interest income and Income taxes (recovery) items of the business segments are presented on a taxable equivalent basis. Taxable equivalent basis is a calculation method that consists of grossing up certain tax-exempt income by the amount of income tax that would have been otherwise payable. For the business segments as a whole, Net interest income was grossed up by $ 78 million ($ 60 million in 2022), Non-interest income was grossed up by $ 52 million ($4 million in 2022), and an equivalent amount was recognized in Income taxes (recovery). The effect of these adjustments have been reversed under the Other heading.

(3) During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, the Bank recorded a $32 million tax expense with respect to the Canada Recovery Dividend, i.e., a one-time, 15% tax on the fiscal 2021 and 2020 average taxable income above $1 billion, as well as an $8 million tax recovery related to a 1.5% increase in the statutory tax rate, which includes the impact related to current and deferred taxes for fiscal 2022. These items are recorded in the Other heading. For additional information on these tax measures, see Note 13.

(4) Represents the average of the daily balances for the period, which is also the basis on which segment assets are reported to the operating segments.

Note 16 - Event After the Consolidated Balance Sheet Date

Redemption of Subordinated Debt

On February 1, 2023, the Bank redeemed $750 million of medium-term notes maturing on February 1, 2028 at a price equal to their nominal value plus accrued interest.

Information for Shareholders and Investors

Investor Relations

Financial analysts and investors who want to obtain financial information on the Bank may contact the Investor Relations Department.

600 De La Gauchetière Street West, 7(th) Floor

Montreal, Quebec H3B 4L2

Toll-free: 1-866-517-5455

Email: investorrelations@nbc.ca

Website: nbc.ca/investorrelations

Communications and Corporate Social Responsibility

600 De La Gauchetière Street West, 18(th) Floor

Montreal, Quebec H3B 4L2

Telephone: 514-394-8644

Email: pa@nbc.ca

Quarterly Report Publication Dates for Fiscal 2023

(subject to approval by the Board of Directors of the Bank)

 
First quarter              March 1 
Second quarter             May 31 
Third quarter              August 30 
Fourth quarter             December 1 
 
 
 
     Disclosure of 
     First Quarter 2023 Results 
 
     Conference Call 
      *    A conference call for analysts and institutional 
           investors will be held on Wednesday, March 1, 2023 at 
           1:00 p.m. ET. 
 
 
      *    Access by telephone in listen-only mode: 
           1-800-806-5484 or 
 
 
     416-340-2217 . The access code is 
     9678666 # . 
      *    A recording of the conference call can be heard until 
           July 1, 2023 by dialing 1-800-408-3053 or 
           905-694-9451. The access code is 4766736#. 
 
 
 
     Webcast 
      *    The conference call will be webcast live at 
           nbc.ca/investorrelations . 
 
 
      *    A recording of the webcast will also be available on 
           National Bank's website after the call. 
 
 
 
     Financial Documents 
      *    The Report to Shareholders (which includes the 
           quarterly consolidated financial statements) is 
           available at all times on National Bank's website at 
           nbc.ca/investorrelations . 
 
 
      *    The Report to Shareholders, the Supplementary 
           Financial Information, the Supplementary Regulatory 
           Capital and Pillar 3 Disclosure, and a slide 
           presentation will be available on the Investor 
           Relations page of National Bank's website on the 
           morning of the day of the conference call. 
 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

For information about stock transfers, address changes, dividends, lost certificates, tax forms, and estate transfers, shareholders of record may contact the transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at the address or telephone number below.

Computershare Trust Company of Canada

Share Ownership Management

100 University Avenue, 8(th) Floor

Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1

Telephone: 1-888-838-1407

Fax: 1-888-453-0330

Email: service@computershare.com

Website: computershare.com

Shareholders whose shares are held by a market intermediary are asked to contact the market intermediary concerned.

Direct Deposit Service for Dividends

Shareholders may elect to have their dividend payments deposited directly via electronic funds transfer to their bank account at any financial institution that is a member of the Canadian Payments Association. To do so, they must send a written request to the transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada.

Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan

National Bank has a Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan for holders of its common and preferred shares under which they can acquire common shares of the Bank without paying commissions or administration fees. P articipants acquire common shares through the reinvestment of cash dividends paid on the shares they hold or through optional cash payments of at least $1 per payment, up to a maximum of $5,000 per quarter.

For additional information, shareholders may contact National Bank's registrar and transfer agent, Computershare Trust Company of Canada, at 1--888--838--1407. To participate in the plan, National Bank's beneficial or non-registered common shareholders must contact their financial institution or broker.

Dividends

Dividends paid are "eligible dividends" in accordance with the Income Tax Act (Canada).

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END

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(END) Dow Jones Newswires

March 01, 2023 08:53 ET (13:53 GMT)

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