Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-13301

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada	88-0168936
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200 San Diego, California	92127
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(858) 549-6340
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	RFIL	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of the issuer’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of June 13, 2024 was 10,495,548.

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Financial Statements

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	April 30,		October 31,
	2024		2023
	(Unaudited)		(Note 1)
ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,400	$	4,897
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $146 and $244, respectively		10,552		10,277
Inventories		16,379		18,730
Other current assets		1,894		2,136
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		30,225		36,040

Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling		4,817		4,796
Furniture and office equipment		5,922		5,631
		10,739		10,427
Less accumulated depreciation		5,925		5,503
Total property and equipment, net		4,814		4,924

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		14,999		15,689
Goodwill		8,085		8,085
Amortizable intangible assets, net		12,751		13,595
Non-amortizable intangible assets		1,174		1,174
Deferred tax assets		-		2,494
Other assets		775		277
TOTAL ASSETS	$	72,823	$	82,278

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	April 30,		October 31,
	2024		2023
	(Unaudited)		(Note 1)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	3,156	$	3,201
Accrued expenses		4,218		4,572
Line of credit		10,460		1,000
Current portion of Term Loan		-		2,424
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		1,424		1,314
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES		19,258		12,511

Operating lease liabilities		18,774		19,284
Deferred tax liabilities		182		-
Term Loan, net of debt issuance cost		-		10,721
TOTAL LIABILITIES		38,214		42,516

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,495,548 and 10,343,223 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively		105		104
Additional paid-in capital		26,589		26,087
Retained earnings		7,915		13,571
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY		34,609		39,762
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	72,823	$	82,278

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended April 30,						Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023

Net sales	$	16,110		$	22,298		$	29,568		$	40,642
Cost of sales		11,286			16,178			21,441			29,435

Gross profit		4,824			6,120			8,127			11,207

Operating expenses:
Engineering		637			882			1,405			1,845
Selling and general		4,602			4,749			9,221			10,042
Total operating expenses		5,239			5,631			10,626			11,887

Operating (loss) income		(415	)		489			(2,499	)		(680	)

Other expense		(230	)		(72	)		(339	)		(225	)

(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(645	)		417			(2,838	)		(905	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		3,649			(164	)		2,818			(324	)

Consolidated net (loss) income	$	(4,294	)	$	581		$	(5,656	)	$	(581	)

(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.41	)	$	0.06		$	(0.54	)	$	(0.06	)
Diluted	$	(0.41	)	$	0.06		$	(0.54	)	$	(0.06	)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		10,495,548			10,290,911			10,452,597			10,256,158
Diluted		10,495,548			10,327,271			10,452,597			10,256,158

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2024
					Additional
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Retained
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Total
Balance, January 31, 2024		10,495,548	$	105	$	26,341	$	12,209		$	38,655

Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		248		-			248

Consolidated net loss		-		-		-		(4,294	)		(4,294	)

Balance, April 30, 2024		10,495,548	$	105	$	26,589	$	7,915		$	34,609

	For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2024
					Additional
	Common Stock				Paid-in			Retained
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Total
Balance, November 1, 2023		10,343,223	$	104	$	26,087		$	13,571		$	39,762

Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		503			-			503

Issuance of restricted stock		152,325		1		(1	)		-			-

Consolidated net loss		-		-		-			(5,656	)		(5,656	)

Balance, April 30, 2024		10,495,548	$	105	$	26,589		$	7,915		$	34,609

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

	For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-in			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings		Total
Balance, January 31, 2023		10,291,067		$	103	$	25,408		$	15,487	$	40,998

Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		229			-		229

Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(690	)		-		(3	)		-		(3	)

Consolidated net income		-			-		-			581		581

Balance, April 30, 2023		10,290,377		$	103	$	25,634		$	16,068	$	41,805

	For the Six Months ended April 30, 2023
						Additional
	Common Stock					Paid-In			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings			Total
Balance, November 1, 2022		10,193,287		$	102	$	25,118		$	16,649		$	41,869

Exercise of stock options		45,000			-		85			-			85

Stock-based compensation expense		-			-		441			-			441

Issuance of restricted stock		54,092			1		-			-			1

Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(2,002	)		-		(10	)		-			(10	)

Consolidated net loss		-			-		-			(581	)		(581	)

Balance, April 30, 2023		10,290,377		$	103	$	25,634		$	16,068		$	41,805

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1: Financial Statements (continued)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024			2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net loss	$	(5,656	)	$	(581	)

Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Bad debt expense		(8	)		80
Depreciation and amortization		1,266			1,165
Stock-based compensation expense		503			441
Amortization of debt issuance cost		25			4
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards		-			(10	)
Deferred income taxes		2,675			(706	)
Extinguishment of debt issuance cost		14			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(267	)		240
Inventories		2,351			668
Other current assets		241			4,026
Right-of-use assets		291			346
Accounts payable		(45	)		454
Accrued expenses		(353	)		(3,441	)
Income taxes payable		-			(462	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,037			2,224

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures		(312	)		(1,303	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(312	)		(1,303	)

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		-			85
Debt issuance cost		(520	)		-
Line of credit		9,460			-
Term Loan payments		(13,162	)		(1,212	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(4,222	)		(1,127	)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,497	)		(206	)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,897			4,532

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,400		$	4,326

Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	$	55		$	-

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, have been included for a fair statement of the financial position. Information included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2023 has been derived from, and certain terms used herein are defined in, the audited consolidated financial statements of RF Industries, Ltd. as of October 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) for the year ended October 31, 2023 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Operating results for the six months ended April 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended October 31, 2024. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our Form 10-K.

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets, and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The propriety of using the going-concern basis is dependent upon, among other things, the achievement of future profitable operations, the ability to generate sufficient cash from operations and potential other funding sources, in addition to cash on-hand along with the current Credit Facility (as defined below), to meet its obligations as they become due.

Although we have incurred operating losses during the three and six months ended April 30, 2024, we have implemented certain cost-cutting measures to reduce our operating expenses and to help drive positive operating cash flow and increase liquidity. Our plan includes consolidating facilities and recognizing the related operating efficiencies and synergies in our production operations. The Company intends to continue to pursue additional continuous improvement and cost reduction measures, as well as organic growth in revenue and profitability.

On March 15, 2024, the Company entered into the loan and security agreement with Eclipse Business Capital, as administrative agent (“EBC”), pursuant to which proceeds from initial drawings under the credit facility with EBC were used to repay in full the outstanding obligations under the prior revolving credit facility and term loan that we had with Bank of America, N.A, which such credit facility with Bank of America was terminated upon entry into the loan and security agreement with EBC.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2023 and the adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

Note 2 – Concentrations of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions. At April 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalent balances in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of approximately $0.9 million.

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Six Months Ended April 30,

2024

2023

2024

2023

Wireless provider

20%

18%

For the three months ended April 30, 2024, no customers accounted for 10% or more of net sales, and one wireless carrier and one distributor, whose sales were both less than 10% of total net sales, accounted for 15% and 10% of total net accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the six months ended April 30, 2024, no customers accounted for 10% or more of net sales, and the same wireless carrier and the same distributor, whose sales were both less than 10% of total net sales, accounted for 15% and 10% of total net accounts receivable balance, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2023, a different wireless carrier customer accounted for 20% of net sales and 24% of total net accounts receivable balance; for the six months ended April 30, 2023, the same wireless carrier accounted for 18% of net sales and 24% of total net accounts receivable balance. Although these customers have been significant customers of the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and these customers could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

Note 3 – Inventories and major vendors

Inventories, consisting of materials, labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined using the weighted average cost method. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Raw materials and supplies	$	11,241	$	12,957
Work in process		439		439
Finished goods		4,699		5,334

Totals	$	16,379	$	18,730

For the three months ended April 30, 2024, no single vendor accounted for 10% or more of inventory purchases. For the three months ended April 30, 2023, two vendors accounted for 27% and 12% of inventory purchases. For the six months ended April 30, 2024, no single vendor accounted for 10% or more of inventory purchases and one vendor accounted for 20% of inventory purchases for the six months ended April 30, 2023. We have arrangements with these vendors to purchase products based on purchase orders that we periodically issue.

Note 4 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Prepaid taxes	$	554	$	642
Prepaid expense		926		953
Deposits		316		374
Other		98		167

Totals	$	1,894	$	2,136

Note 5 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Wages payable	$	2,219	$	2,461
Accrued receipts		757		1,131
Other accrued expenses		1,242		980

Totals	$	4,218	$	4,572

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

Note 6 –Income (Loss) per share

Basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding increased by the effects of assuming that other potentially dilutive securities (such as stock options) outstanding during the period had been exercised and the treasury stock method had been applied. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, we reported a net loss and, in periods with a net loss, the basic loss per share equals the diluted loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation due to their anti-dilutive effect. Potentially issuable securities that are out-of-the-money totaled 1,152,513 and 755,229 shares for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 1,152,513 and 745,229 shares for the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were excluded from the calculation of diluted per share amounts because of their anti-dilutive effect.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,495,548		10,290,911		10,452,597		10,256,158

Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		36,360		-		-

Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,495,548		10,327,271		10,452,597		10,256,158

Note 7 – Stock-based compensation and equity transactions

On January 11, 2023, we granted a total of 54,092 shares of restricted stock and 108,181 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers, respectively. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options vested on January 10, 2024 and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years. Also on January 11, 2023, we granted another manager 50,000 incentive stock options. As of October 31, 2023, the 50,000 incentive stock options granted to the manager were cancelled and forfeited as the manager was no longer employed. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

On August 29, 2023, we granted one employee 10,000 incentive stock options. These options vested with respect to 2,500 shares on the date of grant, and the remaining shares vests in equal installments thereafter on each of the next three anniversaries of August 29, 2023. The options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

On November 1, 2023, we granted 15,202 shares of restricted stock to one officer in lieu of cash compensation. The shares of restricted stock vest over one year as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares on January 31, 2024 and (ii) the remaining restricted shares shall vest in three equal quarterly installments.

On January 11, 2024, we granted a total of 110,099 shares of restricted stock and 220,001 incentive stock options to one manager and three officers, respectively. The shares of restricted stock and incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 11, 2025 and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years.

On April 16, 2024, we granted a total of 25,000 incentive stock options to three managers. The shares of incentive stock options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on April 16, 2025 and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in 12 equal quarterly installments over the next three years.

No other shares or options were granted to Company employees during the three and six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023.

The weighted average fair value of employee stock options that were granted during the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 was estimated to be $1.76 and $3.21, respectively, per share, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.00	%		3.76	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)	7.00			7.00
Volatility factor		51.80	%		54.30	%

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock price and other factors. We used the historical method to calculate the expected life of the 2024 and 2023 option grants. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with a maturity date corresponding to the options’ expected life. The dividend yield is based upon the historical dividend yield.

Company stock option plans

Descriptions of our stock option plans are included in Note 9 to our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023. A summary of the status of the options granted under our stock option plans as of April 30, 2024 and the changes in options outstanding during the three months then ended is presented in the table that follows:

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2023		754,186		$	6.04
Options granted		245,001		$	3.01
Options exercised		-		$	-
Options cancelled		(36,015	)	$	8.07
Options outstanding at April 30, 2024		963,172		$	5.19
Options exercisable at April 30, 2024		516,776		$	5.94
Options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2024		957,705		$	5.09

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of April 30, 2024: 7.03 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of April 30, 2024: 5.66 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of April 30, 2024: 7.03 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at April 30, 2024: $49,760

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at April 30, 2024: $38,720

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2024: $49,261

As of April 30, 2024, $1,005,945 and $852,384 of expenses with respect to nonvested stock options and restricted shares, respectively, have yet to be recognized but are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 and 1.0 years, respectively.

Stock option expense

During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, stock-based compensation expense totaled $248,000 and $229,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expense. During the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, stock-based compensation expense totaled $503,000 and $441,000, respectively, and was classified in selling and general expense.

Note 8 – Segment information

We aggregate operating divisions into two reporting segments that have similar economic characteristics primarily in the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. Based upon this evaluation, as of April 30, 2024, we had two reportable segments – RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment.

On August 1, 2023, C Enterprises moved and transitioned its physical operations into the RF Connector office in San Diego, CA. Given the synergies in consolidating both the operating divisions into one building, C Enterprises has now been included in the RF Connector segment. Further, since the acquisition of C Enterprises in 2019, the customer base for the division has shifted more towards distribution as opposed to direct to end customer which is more aligned with the RF Connector segment. The segment change of including C Enterprise as part of the RF Connector segment was made retroactive to the beginning of our fiscal year starting November 1, 2022 and reclassified for fiscal 2022 for comparative purposes. Prior to the transition, C Enterprises was included in the Custom Cabling segment.

The RF Connector segment consists of three divisions and the Custom Cabling segment consists of three divisions. The six divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting are the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”), Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, Schrofftech, and Microlab. While each segment has similar products and services, there was little overlapping of these services to their customer base. The biggest difference in segments is in the channels of sales: sales or product and services for the RF Connector segment were primarily through the distribution channel, while the Custom Cabling segment sales were through a combination of distribution and direct to the end customer.

Management identifies segments based on strategic business units that are, in turn, based along market lines. These strategic business units offer products and services to different markets in accordance with their customer base and product usage. For segment reporting purposes, the RF Connector, C Enterprises and Microlab divisions constitutes the RF Connector segment, and the Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, and Schrofftech divisions constitute the Custom Cabling segment.

As reviewed by our chief operating decision maker, we evaluate the performance of each segment based on income or loss before income taxes. We charge depreciation and amortization directly to each division within the segment. Accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangible assets are the only assets identified by segment. Except as discussed above, the accounting policies for segment reporting are the same for the Company as a whole.

All of our operations are conducted in the United States; however, we derive a portion of our revenue from export sales. We attribute sales to geographic areas based on the location of the customers. The following table presents the sales by geographic area for the three and six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

United States	$	14,415	$	20,908	$	26,475	$	37,012
Foreign Countries:
Canada		949		588		1,830		1,172
Italy		155		294		185		1,392
Mexico		-		1		3		3
All Other		591		507		1,075		1,063
		1,695		1,390		3,093		3,630

Totals	$	16,110	$	22,298	$	29,568	$	40,642

Net sales, (loss) income before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly		Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	9,902		$	6,208	$	-		$	16,110
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(660	)		350		(336	)		(645	)
Depreciation and amortization		572			61		-			633
Total assets		51,007			17,746		4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	12,625		$	9,673	$	-		$	22,298
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		249			257		(89	)		417
Depreciation and amortization		496			127		-			623
Total assets		54,050			21,101		8,968			84,119

Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	18,709		$	10,859		$	-		$	29,568
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(2,388	)		89			(539	)		(2,838	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,085			181			-			1,266
Total assets		51,007			17,746			4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	24,346		$	16,296		$	-		$	40,642
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		365			(534	)		(736	)		(905	)
Depreciation and amortization		911			253			-			1,165
Total assets		54,050			21,101			8,968			84,119

Note 9 – Income taxes

We use an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate, to determine its quarterly provision (benefit) for income taxes. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

We recorded income tax provision (benefit) of $3,649,000 and ($164,000) for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate was (564.7%) for the three months ended April 30, 2024, compared to (39.3%) for the three months ended April 30, 2023. For the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, we recorded income tax provision (benefit) of $2,818,000 and ($324,000), respectively. The effective tax rate was (99.3%) for the six months ended April 30, 2024, compared to 35.8% for the six months ended April 30, 2023. The change in effective tax rate for the six months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended April 30, 2023 was primarily driven by the recording of a valuation allowance.

We had $211,000 and $178,000 of unrecognized tax benefits, as of April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively. The unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would result in a net tax benefit of $186,000 as of April 30, 2024.

The Company assesses all positive and negative evidence in determining if, based on the weight of such evidence, a valuation allowance is required to be recorded against the deferred tax assets as of April 30, 2024. The Company has evaluated future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. In making such judgements, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. After analyzing all available evidence, including the recent trend of losses, the Company has determined that it is not more likely than not that all of its deferred tax assets will be realized, and therefore, has recorded a valuation allowance of $3,526,000 against its deferred tax assets as of April 30, 2024.

Note 10 – Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as of April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(400	)		(378	)
		23			45

Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,654	)		(3,461	)
		2,404			2,597

Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(327	)
		-			-

Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(192	)		(176	)
		176			192

Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(247	)		(189	)
		1,453			1,511

Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(2,405	)		(1,850	)
		8,695			9,250

Totals	$	12,751		$	13,595

Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Amortization expense for the six months ended April 30, 2024 and the year ended October 31, 2023 was $844,000 and $1,701,000, respectively. As of April 30, 2024, the weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 8.08 years.

Note 11 – Commitments

We adopted ASU 2016-02 on November 1, 2019, and elected the practical expedient modified retrospective method whereby the lease qualification and classification was carried over from the accounting for leases under ASC 840. The lease contracts for the corporate headquarters, RF Connector division manufacturing facilities, Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, and C Enterprises commenced prior to the effective date of November 1, 2019, and were determined to be operating leases. All other new contracts have been assessed for the existence of a lease and for the proper classification into operating leases. The rate implicit in the leases was undeterminable and, therefore, the discount rate used in all lease contracts is our incremental borrowing rate.

We have operating leases for corporate offices, manufacturing facilities, and certain storage units. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to ten years. A portion of our operating leases are leased from K&K Unlimited, a company controlled by Darren Clark, the former owner and current President of Cables Unlimited, to whom we make rent payments totaling $16,000 per month.

We also have other operating leases for certain equipment. The components of our facilities and equipment operating lease expenses for the periods ending April 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	731	$	703	$	1,468	$	1,467
Short-term lease cost		-		-		-		-

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	53		$	6,479

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		109.43			114.26

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.97	%		6.96	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases

2024 (excluding three months ended April 30, 2024)	$	1,268
2025		2,840
2026		2,877
2027		2,929
2028		2,997
Thereafter		14,878
Total future minimum lease payments		27,789
Less imputed interest		(7,591	)
Total	$	20,198

Reported as of April 30, 2024	Operating Leases
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	1,424
Operating lease liabilities		18,774
Total	$	20,198

As of April 30, 2024, operating lease right-of-use asset was $15.0 million and operating lease liability totaled $20.2 million, of which $1.4 million is classified as current. There were no finance leases as of April 30, 2024.

One of the two buildings consisting of the Cables Unlimited facilities, for a total of 7,500 square feet, is leased by RF Industries, Ltd. under a lease that was renewed effective May 1, 2024, for one year expiring April 30, 2025. The aggregate monthly rental payment under the new lease currently is $7,725 per month.

Note 12 – Term Loan and Line of credit

In February 2022, we entered into a loan agreement (the “BofA Loan Agreement”) providing for a revolving line of credit (the “BofA Revolving Credit Facility”) in the amount of $3.0 million and a $17.0 million term loan (the “BofA Term Loan”, and together with the BofA Revolving Credit Facility, the “BofA Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (the “BofA”). Amounts outstanding under the BofA Revolving Credit Facility bore interest at a rate of 2.0% plus the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate. All amounts outstanding pursuant to the BofA Credit Facility were repaid by us and the BofA Loan Agreement was terminated in connection with us entering into a new loan and security agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreement”) with Eclipse Business Capital, as administrative agent (“EBC”) on March 15, 2024. Borrowings under the BofA Credit Facility were secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and were subject to certain loan covenants. The BofA Credit Facility required the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00 (the “Debt Test”); (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00 (the “FCCR Test”); and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ended January 31, 2022. In addition, the BofA Credit Facility contained customary affirmative and negative covenants.

On September 12, 2023, we entered into Amendment No. 1 and Waiver to the BofA Loan Agreement (“Loan Amendment No. 1”) with BofA, which, among other matters, provided for a one-time waiver of our failure to comply with (i) the Debt Test for the period ended July 31, 2023 and (ii) the FCCR Test for the period ended July 31, 2023. Loan Amendment No. 1 also waived testing for compliance with the Debt Test and FCCR Test for the quarterly periods ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2024. Further, pursuant to Loan Amendment No. 1, we were required to maintain (i) (a) until September 21, 2023, minimum liquidity (week-end cash balance plus availability from the BofA Revolving Credit Facility) of $4.0 million, and (b) from September 22, 2023 and thereafter, liquidity equal to the greater of (1) $4.0 million or (2) 80% of the liquidity that had been forecast for this date at the fourth week of the forecast and (ii) minimum EBITDA of ($400,000), $500,000, $1.0 million, and $1.0 million for the quarters ending October 31, 2023, January 31, 2024, April 30, 2024, and July 31, 2024, respectively.

On January 26, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the BofA Loan Agreement (“Loan Amendment No. 2”) with BofA, which, among other matters, eliminated the requirement to maintain minimum EBITDA of $500,000 for the quarter ending January 31, 2024. Under Loan Amendment No. 2, the line of credit available to the Company under the BofA Revolving Credit Facility was lowered from $3.0 million to $500,000. Further, Loan Amendment No. 2 required that we maintain from September 22, 2023 and thereafter, liquidity of at least $2.0 million, rather than the greater of $4.0 million or 80% of the forecast liquidity as was required under Loan Amendment No. 1. Under Loan Amendment No. 2, the Company would have been required to pay an additional fee equal to 1% of the collective outstanding principal balances of the BofA Revolving Credit Facility and BofA Term Loan if the BofA Credit Facility was not repaid in full on or before March 1, 2024. This additional fee, if applicable, would have been due on March 2, 2024. Further, Loan Amendment No. 2 required that the Company make an additional principal payment of $1.0 million on the BofA Term Loan on March 1, 2024, in addition to the existing monthly payments due on the BofA Term Loan. In connection with Loan Amendment No. 2, we paid BofA a $500,000 paydown on the BofA Revolving Credit Facility, thereby reducing the outstanding balance from $1.0 million to $500,000.

On February 29, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the BofA Loan Agreement (“Loan Amendment No. 3”) with BofA, which, among other matters, deferred the requirement that the Company make an additional principal payment of $1.0 million on the BofA Term Loan, from March 1, 2024, as was required under Loan Amendment No. 2, to April 1, 2024. Further, Loan Amendment No. 3 reduced the additional fee the Company was required to pay BofA on March 2, 2024 from 1% of the collective outstanding principal balances of the BofA Revolving Credit Facility and BofA Term Loan as of March 1, 2024 as required under Loan Amendment No. 2, to 0.50% of the collective outstanding principal balances of the BofA Revolving Credit Facility and BofA Term Loan as of March 1, 2024. Additionally, Loan Amendment No. 3 required the Company to pay BofA a fee equal to 0.50% of the collective outstanding principal balances of the BofA Revolving Credit Facility and BofA Term Loan as of March 1, 2024, if the BofA Credit Facility was not repaid in full on or before April 2, 2024 (the “April 2024 Fee”). The April 2024 Fee, if applicable, would have been due on April 2, 2024. We were not required to pay the April 2024 Fee based on our repayment of the BofA Credit Facility prior to April 2, 2024. Under Loan Amendment No. 3, the Company was required to maintain liquidity of at least $2.0 million and pay the remaining outstanding balance of $500,000 on the BofA Revolving Credit Facility by March 1, 2024, as required under Loan Amendment No. 2.

On March 15, 2024, we entered into the EBC Credit Agreement and used proceeds from the initial drawings under the EBC Credit Facilities (as defined below) to repay in full outstanding obligations under the BofA Loan Agreement and to pay fees, premiums, costs and expenses, including fees payable in connection with the EBC Credit Agreement. The BofA Loan Agreement was terminated upon entry into the EBC Credit Agreement and is no longer in effect.

The EBC Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured revolving loan facility of up to $15.0 million (the “EBC Revolving Loan Facility”) and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $1.0 million (the “EBC Additional Line” and, together with the EBC Revolving Loan Facility, the “EBC Credit Facilities”) (with a $3.0 million swingline loan sublimit). Availability of borrowings under the EBC Credit Facilities will be based upon a borrowing base formula and periodic borrowing base certifications valuing certain of our accounts receivable and inventories, as reduced by certain reserves, if any.

In the absence of an Event of Default (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement) or certain other events (including the inability of EBC to determine the secured overnight financing rate “SOFR”), borrowings under (a) the EBC Revolving Loan Facility accrue interest at a rate of the one-month term SOFR reference rate plus an adjustment of 0.11448% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) plus 5.00%, and (b) the EBC Additional Line accrue interest at a rate of Adjusted Term SOFR plus 6.50%, in each case subject to a floor of 2.00% for Adjusted Term SOFR. We will be required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the EBC Revolving Loan Facility of 0.50% per annum. In addition to the foregoing unused commitment fee, we are required to pay certain other administrative fees pursuant to the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under the EBC Credit Agreement are secured by a security interest in certain assets of the Company and are subject to certain loan covenants. The EBC Credit Facilities require the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including (i) Excess Availability (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement) of at least, as of any date of determination, an amount equal to the greater of (a) $1.0 million and (b) 10% of the Adjusted Borrowing Base (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement), unless as of the last day of the most recent month for which the monthly financial statements and the related compliance certificate have been or are required to have been delivered to EBC, the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement) for the twelve consecutive calendar month period then ended is greater than 1.10 to 1.00; and (ii) a capital expenditure limitation limiting the aggregate cost of all Capital Expenditures (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement) to $2.5 million during any fiscal year. In addition, the EBC Credit Facilities contain customary affirmative and negative covenants.

The foregoing description of the EBC Credit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety to the full text of the EBC Credit Agreement. We filed the EBC Credit Agreement as Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2024 and it is incorporated by reference herein.

Debt issuance costs related to the EBC Credit Agreement totaled $520,000 and were included as part of our other long term assets balance.

As of April 30, 2024, our outstanding borrowings under the EBC Credit Agreement were $10,460,000. In accordance with ASC 470-10-45 Other Presentations Matters - General, we have classified the outstanding borrowings as part of current liabilities.

Note 13 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during the three or six months ended April 30, 2024, nor during the three or six months ended April 30, 2023.

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This report contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “except,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither the Company, nor any other person, assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We are under no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in its expectations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by the Company which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including without limitation the disclosures made under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” under the caption “Risk Factors,” and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023 and other reports and filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventory reserves, earn-out liabilities, and contingencies on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method of accounting. Certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete or excess and, as such, we periodically review our inventories for excess and slow moving items and make provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Because inventories have, during the past few years, represented up to one-fourth of our total assets, any reduction in the value of our inventories would require us to take write-offs that would affect our net worth and future earnings.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Our accounts receivable arise primarily from sales on credit to customers. We establish an allowance for credit losses to present the net amount of accounts receivable expected to be collected. The allowance is determined by using the loss-rate method, which requires an estimation of loss rates based upon historical loss experience adjusted for factors that are relevant to determining the expected collectability of accounts receivable. Some of these factors include macroeconomic conditions that correlate with historical loss experience, delinquency trends, aging behavior of receivables and credit and liquidity quality indicators for industry groups, customer classes or individual customers. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, we considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions and concluded that no material adjustment to Credit Losses was required as of April 30, 2024.

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets, for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.

We test our goodwill and trademarks and indefinite-lived assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances require significant judgment and could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition and sale or disposition of all or a portion of a division. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.

Income Taxes

We record a tax provision (benefit) for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates as of the date of the financial statements that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

The calculation of the tax provision involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Stock-based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes model to value the stock option grants. This valuation is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of inputs which involve significant judgments and estimates. These inputs include the expected term of employee stock options, the expected volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

Overview

RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a national manufacturer and marketer of interconnect products and systems, including high-performance components such as RF connectors and adapters, dividers, directional couplers and filters, coaxial cables, data cables, wire harnesses, fiber optic cables, custom cabling, energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell enclosures. Through our manufacturing and production facilities, we provide a wide selection of interconnect products and solutions primarily to telecommunications carriers and equipment manufacturers, wireless and network infrastructure carriers and manufacturers and to various original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in several market segments. We also design, engineer, manufacture and sell energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell solutions and related components.

We operate through two reporting segments: (i) the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment, and (ii) the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment. The RF Connector segment primarily designs, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad range of RF connector, adapter, coupler, divider, and cable products, including coaxial passives and cable assemblies that are used in telecommunications and information technology, OEM markets and other end markets. The Custom Cabling segment designs, manufactures, markets and distributes custom copper and fiber cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic and power solution cables, electromechanical wiring harnesses for a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets, energy-efficient cooling systems for wireless base stations and remote equipment shelters and custom designed, pole-ready 4G and 5G small cell integrated enclosures.

For the six months ended April 30, 2024, revenues from the Custom Cabling segment were generated from the sale of fiber optics cable, copper cabling, custom patch cord assemblies, and wiring harnesses, which collectively accounted for 37% of the Company’s total sales. Revenues from the RF Connector segment were generated from the sales of RF Connector products and cable assemblies and accounted for 63% of total sales for the six months ended April 30, 2024. The RF Connector segment mostly sells standardized products regularly used by customers and, therefore, has a more stable revenue stream. On the other hand, the Custom Cabling segment mostly designs, manufactures, and sells customized cabling and wireless-related equipment under larger purchase orders. Accordingly, the Custom Cabling segment is more dependent upon larger orders and its revenues can therefore be more volatile than the revenues of the RF Connector segment.

Our corporate headquarters are located at 16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92127. Our phone number is (858) 549-6340.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have been able to fund our liquidity and other capital requirements from funds we generated from operations. However, we have incurred an operating loss during the six months ended April 30, 2024. During the period, we have implemented certain cost-cutting measures to reduce our operating expenses and to help drive positive operating cash flow and increase liquidity. Our plan includes consolidating facilities and recognizing the related operating efficiencies and synergies in our production operations. We intend to continue to pursue additional continuous improvement and cost reduction measures, as well as organic growth in revenue and profitability.

As of April 30, 2024, we had a total of $1.4 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to a total of $4.9 million of cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2023. As of April 30, 2024, we had working capital of $10.9 million and a current ratio of approximately 1.6:1 with current assets of $30.2 million and current liabilities of $19.3 million. We believe that the amount of cash remaining, plus the amount available to us under the EBC Revolving Loan Facility, will be sufficient to fund our anticipated liquidity needs.

As of April 30, 2024, we had $18.0 million of backlog, compared to $16.1 million as of October 31, 2023. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

In the six months ended April 30, 2024, we generated $1.0 million of cash in our operating activities. This net inflow of cash is primarily related to $2.7 million from deferred income taxes, $2.4 million from inventories, $1.3 million from depreciation and amortization, $0.5 million from stock-based compensation expense, $0.3 million from right-of-use assets, $0.2 million from other current assets, $25,000 from debt issuance amortization and $14,000 from extinguishment of debt issuance costs. The cash usage was primarily due to the net loss of $5.7 million, accrued expenses of $0.4 million, change in accounts receivable of $0.3 million, payments of accounts payable of $45,000 and bad debt expense of $8,000.

During the six months ended April 30, 2024, we also spent $0.3 million on capital expenditures, $13.2 million in BofA Term Loan payments, $0.5 million of debt issuance cost and drew $10.0 million on the EBC Revolving Loan Facility (used to pay down the BofATerm Loan).

Our goal to expand and grow our business both organically and through acquisitions may require material additional capital equipment. In the past, we have purchased all additional equipment, or financed some of our equipment and furnishings requirements through capital leases. At this time, we have not identified any additional capital equipment purchases that would require significant additional leasing or capital expenditures during the next 12 months. We also believe that based on our current financial condition, our current backlog of unfulfilled orders, and our anticipated future operations, we would be able to finance our expansion, if necessary.

From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions of other companies or product lines in order to diversify our product and solutions offerings and customer base. Conversely, we may undertake the disposition of a division or product line due to changes in our business strategy or market conditions. Acquisitions may require the outlay of cash, which may reduce our liquidity and capital resources while dispositions may increase our cash position, liquidity and capital resources. Since our goal is to continue to expand our operations and accelerate our growth through future acquisitions, we may use some of our current capital resources to fund acquisitions we may undertake in the future.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended April 30, 2024 vs. Three Months Ended April 30, 2023

Net sales for the three months ended April 30, 2024 (the “fiscal 2024 quarter”) decreased by 27.8%, or $6.2 million, to $16.1 million as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 quarter”). Net sales for the fiscal 2024 quarter at the Custom Cabling segment decreased by $3.5 million, or 36.1%, to $6.2 million, compared to $9.7 million in the fiscal 2023 quarter. The decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to wireless customers. Net sales for the fiscal 2024 quarter at the RF Connector segment decreased by $2.7 million, or 21.4%, to $9.9 million as compared to $12.6 million in the fiscal 2023 quarter, primarily due to a decrease in sales related to lower levels of inventory being kept on hand at our distributor customers based on seasonality and the lower carrier capital expenditure environment, and fewer carrier projects involving approved RF components.

Gross profit for the fiscal 2024 quarter decreased by $1.3 million to $4.8 million, and gross margins increased to 29.9% of sales compared to 27.4% of sales in the fiscal 2023 quarter. The decrease in gross profit and increase in gross margin was primarily result of increased efficiencies from facility consolidation, cost reduction initiatives and product mix.

Engineering expenses decreased by $0.2 million to $0.6 million in the fiscal 2024 quarter compared to $0.9 million in the fiscal 2023 quarter. The decrease was the result of headcount reduction and other cost savings initiatives. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of current and new products.

Selling and general expenses decreased by $0.1 million to $4.6 million (28.7% of sales) compared to $4.7 million (21.3% of sales) in the second quarter last year primarily due to a decrease in variable compensation related to commissions and bonuses as a result of the lower sales along with cost savings relating to reduced office and information technology spend. We also incurred a one-time charge of $0.1 million relating to consulting spend and severance in the fiscal 2024 quarter.

For the fiscal 2024 quarter, the Custom Cabling segment had pretax income of $0.4 million and the RF Connector segment had a pretax loss of $0.7 million, as compared to $0.3 million income and $0.2 million income, respectively, for the comparable quarter last year. The increase in pretax income at the Custom Cabling segment was due to a more favorable product mix. The decrease in the pretax net income at the RF Connector segment was primarily due to the decrease in sales related to lower levels of inventory being kept on hand at our distributor customers and the lower carrier capital expenditure environment, and fewer carrier projects involving approved RF components.

For fiscal 2024 and 2023 quarters, we recorded income tax provision (benefit) of $3,649,000 and ($164,000), respectively. The effective tax rate was (564.7%) for the fiscal 2024 quarter, compared to (39.3%) for the fiscal 2023 quarter. The change in the effective tax rate from the fiscal 2024 quarter to fiscal 2023 quarter was primarily driven by the recording of a valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset.

For the fiscal 2024 quarter, net loss was $4.3 million and fully diluted loss per share was $0.41, compared to a net income of $0.6 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.06 for the fiscal 2023 quarter. For the fiscal 2024 quarter, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 10,495,548 as compared to 10,327,271 for the fiscal 2023 quarter.

Six Months Ended April 30, 2024 vs. Six Months Ended April 30, 2023

Net sales for the six months ended April 30, 2024 (the “fiscal 2024 six-month period”) of $29.6 million decreased by 27.1%, or $11.0 million, compared to the six months ended April 30, 2023 (the “fiscal 2023 six-month period”). The decrease in net sales is attributable mainly to the RF Connector segment, which decreased by $5.6 million, or 23%, to $18.7 million compared to $24.3 million in the fiscal 2023 six-month period, primarily due to a decrease in sales related to lower levels of inventory being kept on hand at our distributor customers based on seasonality and the lower carrier capital expenditure environment, and fewer carrier projects involving approved RF components and the Net sales for the fiscal 2024 six-month period at the Custom Cabling segment decreased by $5.4 million, or 33.1%, to $10.9 million compared to $16.3 million in the fiscal 2023 six-month period, primarily due to a decrease in sales of hybrid fiber cables to wireless customers at Cables Unlimited.

Gross profit for the fiscal 2024 six-month period decreased by $3.1 million to $8.1 million while gross margins remained relatively consistent at 27.5% of sales compared to 27.6% of sales in the fiscal 2023 six-month period. The decrease in gross profit was primarily related to the overall decrease in sales while gross margins remained relatively consistent due to product mix.

Engineering expenses decreased $0.4 million to $1.4 million for the fiscal 2024 six-month period compared to $1.8 million in the fiscal 2023 six-month period. The decrease was primarily the result of headcount reduction and other cost savings initiatives. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of new products.

Selling and general expenses decreased by $0.8 million to $9.2 million (31.3% of sales) compared to $10.0 million (24.7% of sales) in the six-month period last year primarily due to a decrease in variable compensation related to commissions and bonuses as a result of the lower sales along with cost savings relating to reduced office and IT. We also incurred a one-time charges of $0.2 million relating to consulting spend, severance and inventory appraisal in fiscal 2024.

For the fiscal 2024 six-month period, pretax income for the Custom Cabling segment was $0.1 million and the pretax loss for the RF Connector segment was $2.4 million, as compared to $0.5 million loss and $0.4 million income, respectively, for the comparable six-month period last year.

For the fiscal 2024 and 2023 six-month periods, we recorded income tax provision (benefit) of $2,818,000 and ($324,000), respectively. The effective tax rate was (99.3%) for the fiscal 2024 six-month period, compared to 35.8% for the fiscal 2023 six-month period. The change in effective tax rate for the fiscal 2024 and 2023 six-month periods was primarily driven by the recording of a valuation allowance on our deferred tax asset.

For the fiscal 2024 six-month period, net loss was $5.7 million and fully diluted loss per share was ($0.54) per share as compared to a net loss of $0.6 million and fully diluted loss per share of $0.06 per share for the fiscal 2023 six-month period. For the fiscal 2024 six-month period, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 10,452,597 as compared to 10,256,158 for the fiscal 2023 six-month period.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide the information required under this Item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide reasonable assurance only of achieving the desired control objectives, and we necessarily are required to apply our judgment in weighing the costs and benefits of possible new or different controls and procedures. Limitations are inherent in all control systems, so no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and any fraud have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations, we regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency, and to maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this report, we, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of April 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, the Company implemented additional internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

As described throughout this Quarterly Report, on March 15, 2024, the Company entered into the EBC Credit Agreement, under which proceeds from the initial drawings under the EBC Credit Facilities were used to repay in full the outstanding obligations under the BofA Loan Agreement. As a result of the EBC Credit Agreement and the loan structure, the Company implemented various processes and procedures which include continuous monitoring of the outstanding borrowings balance and the available borrowings, along with various updates to the payment process.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. As of the date of this report, we are not subject to any proceeding that is not in the ordinary course of business or that is material to the financial condition of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition and operating results are affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including risks specific to us or our industry, as well as risks that affect businesses in general. In addition to the information and risk factors set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024. The risks disclosed in such Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations and thus our stock price. Other than the risk factor set forth below, we believe there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the Annual Report. However, additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or which we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Quarterly Report and should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Because of such risk factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

The following is an updated risk factor to the risk factors previously disclosed and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023:

We entered into a Loan Agreement to fund our acquisition of Microlab, which was subsequently replaced with a new credit facility, which may expose us to additional risks, including risks associated with the inability to repay the loan on a timely basis.

On March 15, 2024, we entered into a new loan and security agreement (the “EBC Credit Agreement”) with Eclipse Business Capital, as administrative agent (“EBC”) providing for (i) a senior secured revolving loan facility of up to $15.0 million (the “EBC Revolving Loan Facility”) and (ii) a senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $1.0 million (the “EBC Additional Line” and, together with the EBC Revolving Loan Facility, the “EBC Credit Facilities”) (with a $3.0 million swingline loan sublimit). We used proceeds from the initial drawings under the EBC Credit Facilities to repay in full outstanding obligations under the loan agreement (the “BofA Loan Agreement”) previously entered into by us and Bank of America, N.A. (the “BofA”) used to fund our acquisition of Microlab. Additional proceeds from the initial drawings under the EBC Credit Facilities were used to pay fees, premiums, costs and expenses, including fees payable in connection with the EBC Credit Agreement. The BofA Loan Agreement was terminated upon entry into the EBC Credit Agreement and is no longer in effect.

Availability of borrowings under the EBC Credit Facilities will be based upon a borrowing base formula and periodic borrowing base certifications valuing certain of our accounts receivable and inventories, as reduced by certain reserves, if any.

In the absence of an Event of Default (as defined in the EBC Credit Agreement) or certain other events (including the inability of EBC to determine the secured overnight financing rate “SOFR”), borrowings under (a) the EBC Revolving Loan Facility accrue interest at a rate of the one-month term SOFR reference rate plus an adjustment of 0.11448% (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) plus 5.00%, and (b) the EBC Additional Line accrue interest at a rate of Adjusted term SOFR plus 6.50%, in each case subject to a floor of 2.00% for Adjusted Term SOFR. We will be required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the EBC Revolving Loan Facility of 0.50% per annum. In addition to the foregoing unused commitment fee, we are required to pay certain other administrative fees pursuant to the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement.

Our failure to comply with the terms of the EBC Credit Agreement could result in a default under the agreement. EBC may accelerate the payment terms of the EBC Credit Agreement upon the occurrence of certain events of default set forth therein. Any event that could require us to repay debt prior to its due date could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations and may affect our ability to continue as a going concern. Further, any renegotiation, refinancing or additional indebtedness that we incur in the future may subject us to further covenants.

Our ability to comply with terms contained in the EBC Credit Agreement may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Even if we are able to comply with all of the applicable covenants and terms, the restrictions on our ability to manage our business in our sole discretion could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that we believe would be beneficial to us. In addition, our obligations under the EBC Credit Agreement are secured, on a first-priority basis, and such security interests could be enforced by EBC in the event of default by us.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Trading Arrangements

During the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, and/or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined pursuant to Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit
Number
10.1	Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 15, 2024, by and among RF Industries, Ltd., its subsidiaries, the lenders and Eclipse Business Capital LLC (incorporated by reference to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on March 18, 2024).

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema.

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	RF INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Date: June 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Robert Dawson
		Robert Dawson
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)


Date: June 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Peter Yin
		Peter Yin
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Robert Dawson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2024 of RF Industries, Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 13, 2024	/s/ Robert Dawson
	Robert Dawson
	Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Yin, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2024 of RF Industries, Ltd.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: June 13, 2024	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Robert Dawson, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 13, 2024	/s/ Robert Dawson
	Robert Dawson
	Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. § 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of RF Industries, Ltd. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), I, Peter Yin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: June 13, 2024	/s/ Peter Yin
	Peter Yin
	Chief Financial Officer

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Apr. 30, 2024	Jun. 13, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Apr. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-13301
Entity Registrant Name	R F INDUSTRIES LTD
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NV
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-0168936
Entity Address, Address Line One	16868 Via Del Campo Court, Suite 200
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92127
City Area Code	858
Local Phone Number	549-6340
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Trading Symbol	RFIL
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		10,495,548
Entity Central Index Key	0000740664
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,400	$ 4,897
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $146 and $244, respectively	10,552	10,277
Inventories	16,379	18,730
Other current assets	1,894	2,136
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	30,225	36,040
Property and equipment:
Equipment and tooling	4,817	4,796
Furniture and office equipment	5,922	5,631
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	10,739	10,427
Less accumulated depreciation	5,925	5,503
Total property and equipment, net	4,814	4,924
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	14,999	15,689
Goodwill	8,085	8,085
Amortizable intangible assets, net	12,751	13,595
Non-amortizable intangible assets	1,174	1,174
Deferred tax assets	0	2,494
Other assets	775	277
TOTAL ASSETS	$ 72,823	$ 82,278

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	$ 146	$ 244

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$ 3,156	$ 3,201
Accrued expenses	4,218	4,572
Line of credit	10,460	1,000
Current portion of Term Loan	0	2,424
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,424	1,314
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES	19,258	12,511
Operating lease liabilities	18,774	19,284
Deferred tax liabilities	182	0
Term Loan, net of debt issuance cost	0	10,721
TOTAL LIABILITIES	38,214	42,516
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock - authorized 20,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value; 10,495,548 and 10,343,223 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively	105	104
Additional paid-in capital	26,589	26,087
Retained earnings	7,915	13,571
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	34,609	39,762
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 72,823	$ 82,278

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Common Stock, Shares Authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, Shares, Issued (in shares)	10,495,548	10,343,223
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding (in shares)	10,495,548	10,343,223

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Net sales	$ 16,110,000	$ 22,298,000	$ 29,568,000	$ 40,642,000
Cost of sales	11,286,000	16,178,000	21,441,000	29,435,000
Gross profit	4,824,000	6,120,000	8,127,000	11,207,000
Operating expenses:
Engineering	637,000	882,000	1,405,000	1,845,000
Selling and general	4,602,000	4,749,000	9,221,000	10,042,000
Total operating expenses	5,239,000	5,631,000	10,626,000	11,887,000
Operating (loss) income	(415,000)	489,000	(2,499,000)	(680,000)
Other expense	(230,000)	(72,000)	(339,000)	(225,000)
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes	(645,000)	417,000	(2,838,000)	(905,000)
Provision for (benefit) income taxes	3,649,000	(164,000)	2,818,000	(324,000)
Consolidated net (loss) income	$ (4,294,000)	$ 581,000	$ (5,656,000)	$ (581,000)
Loss earnings per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)	$ 0.06	$ (0.54)	$ (0.06)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.41)	$ 0.06	$ (0.54)	$ (0.06)
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	10,495,548	10,290,911	10,452,597	10,256,158
Diluted (in shares)	10,495,548	10,327,271	10,452,597	10,256,158

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2022	10,193,287
Balance at Oct. 31, 2022	$ 102	$ 25,118	$ 16,649	$ 41,869
Exercise of stock options	$ 0	85		85
Stock-based compensation expense		441		441
Issuance of restricted stock		0
Consolidated net loss			(581)	(581)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(2,002)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(10)		(10)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	45,000
Issuance of restricted stock (in shares)	54,092
Issuance of restricted stock	$ 1			1
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2023	10,290,377
Balance at Apr. 30, 2023	$ 103	25,634	16,068	41,805
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2023	10,291,067
Balance at Jan. 31, 2023	$ 103	25,408	15,487	40,998
Stock-based compensation expense		229		229
Consolidated net loss			581	581
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	(690)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock		(3)		(3)
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2023	10,290,377
Balance at Apr. 30, 2023	$ 103	25,634	16,068	41,805
Balance (in shares) at Oct. 31, 2023	10,343,223
Balance at Oct. 31, 2023	$ 104	26,087	13,571	39,762
Exercise of stock options	$ 0
Stock-based compensation expense		0
Issuance of restricted stock		0
Consolidated net loss			(5,656)	$ (5,656)
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock (in shares)	152,325
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock	$ 1	(1)
Exercise of stock options (in shares)				0
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2024	10,495,548
Balance at Apr. 30, 2024	$ 105	26,589	7,915	$ 34,609
Balance (in shares) at Jan. 31, 2024	10,495,548
Balance at Jan. 31, 2024	$ 105	26,341	12,209	38,655
Exercise of stock options	$ 0
Stock-based compensation expense		0
Issuance of restricted stock		0
Consolidated net loss			(4,294)	(4,294)
Balance (in shares) at Apr. 30, 2024	10,495,548
Balance at Apr. 30, 2024	$ 105	$ 26,589	$ 7,915	$ 34,609

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated net loss	$ (5,656)	$ (581)
Bad debt expense	(8)	80
Depreciation and amortization	1,266	1,165
Stock-based compensation expense	503	441
Amortization of debt issuance cost	25	4
Tax payments related to shares cancelled for vested restricted stock awards	0	(10)
Deferred income taxes	2,675	(706)
Extinguishment of debt issuance cost	14	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	(267)	240
Inventories	2,351	668
Other current assets	241	4,026
Right of use assets	291	346
Accounts payable	(45)	454
Accrued expenses	(353)	(3,441)
Income taxes payable	0	(462)
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,037	2,224
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(312)	(1,303)
Net cash used in investing activities	(312)	(1,303)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	85
Debt issuance cost	(520)	0
Line of credit payments	9,460	0
Term Loan payments	(13,162)	(1,212)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(4,222)	(1,127)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,497)	(206)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	4,897	4,532
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	1,400	4,326
Supplemental cash flow information – income taxes paid	$ 55	$ 0

Note 1 - Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 1 – Unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements

Principles of consolidation

Fair value measurement

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

Recent accounting standards

Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:

Note 2 - Concentrations of Credit Risk

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 2 – Concentrations of credit risk

Sales from each customer that were 10% or greater of net sales were as follows:

Three Months Ended April 30,

Six Months Ended April 30,

2024

2023

2024

2023

Wireless provider

20%

18%

Note 3 - Inventories and Major Vendors

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 3 – Inventories and major vendors

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Raw materials and supplies	$	11,241	$	12,957
Work in process		439		439
Finished goods		4,699		5,334

Totals	$	16,379	$	18,730

Note 4 - Other Current Assets

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Other Current Assets [Text Block]

Note 4 – Other current assets

Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Prepaid taxes	$	554	$	642
Prepaid expense		926		953
Deposits		316		374
Other		98		167

Totals	$	1,894	$	2,136

Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities, and Other Liabilities Disclosure, Noncurrent [Text Block]

Note 5 – Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Wages payable	$	2,219	$	2,461
Accrued receipts		757		1,131
Other accrued expenses		1,242		980

Totals	$	4,218	$	4,572

Accrued receipts represent purchased inventory for which invoices have not been received.

Note 6 - Income (Loss) Per Share

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

Note 6 –Income (Loss) per share

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding:

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,495,548		10,290,911		10,452,597		10,256,158

Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		36,360		-		-

Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,495,548		10,327,271		10,452,597		10,256,158

Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

Note 7 – Stock-based compensation and equity transactions

No other shares or options were granted to Company employees during the three and six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023.

	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.00	%		3.76	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)	7.00			7.00
Volatility factor		51.80	%		54.30	%

Company stock option plans

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2023		754,186		$	6.04
Options granted		245,001		$	3.01
Options exercised		-		$	-
Options cancelled		(36,015	)	$	8.07
Options outstanding at April 30, 2024		963,172		$	5.19
Options exercisable at April 30, 2024		516,776		$	5.94
Options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2024		957,705		$	5.09

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options outstanding as of April 30, 2024: 7.03 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable as of April 30, 2024: 5.66 years

Weighted average remaining contractual life of options vested and expected to vest as of April 30, 2024: 7.03 years

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding at April 30, 2024: $49,760

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable at April 30, 2024: $38,720

Aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2024: $49,261

Stock option expense

Note 8 - Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 8 – Segment information

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

United States	$	14,415	$	20,908	$	26,475	$	37,012
Foreign Countries:
Canada		949		588		1,830		1,172
Italy		155		294		185		1,392
Mexico		-		1		3		3
All Other		591		507		1,075		1,063
		1,695		1,390		3,093		3,630

Totals	$	16,110	$	22,298	$	29,568	$	40,642

Net sales, (loss) income before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly		Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	9,902		$	6,208	$	-		$	16,110
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(660	)		350		(336	)		(645	)
Depreciation and amortization		572			61		-			633
Total assets		51,007			17,746		4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	12,625		$	9,673	$	-		$	22,298
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		249			257		(89	)		417
Depreciation and amortization		496			127		-			623
Total assets		54,050			21,101		8,968			84,119

Net sales, income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes and other related segment information for the six months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	18,709		$	10,859		$	-		$	29,568
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(2,388	)		89			(539	)		(2,838	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,085			181			-			1,266
Total assets		51,007			17,746			4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	24,346		$	16,296		$	-		$	40,642
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		365			(534	)		(736	)		(905	)
Depreciation and amortization		911			253			-			1,165
Total assets		54,050			21,101			8,968			84,119

Note 9 - Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 9 – Income taxes

Note 10 - Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 10 – Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as of April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(400	)		(378	)
		23			45

Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,654	)		(3,461	)
		2,404			2,597

Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(327	)
		-			-

Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(192	)		(176	)
		176			192

Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(247	)		(189	)
		1,453			1,511

Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(2,405	)		(1,850	)
		8,695			9,250

Totals	$	12,751		$	13,595

Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Note 11 - Commitments

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 11 – Commitments

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	731	$	703	$	1,468	$	1,467
Short-term lease cost		-		-		-		-

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	53		$	6,479

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		109.43			114.26

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.97	%		6.96	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of April 30, 2024 were as follows:

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases

2024 (excluding three months ended April 30, 2024)	$	1,268
2025		2,840
2026		2,877
2027		2,929
2028		2,997
Thereafter		14,878
Total future minimum lease payments		27,789
Less imputed interest		(7,591	)
Total	$	20,198

Reported as of April 30, 2024	Operating Leases
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	1,424
Operating lease liabilities		18,774
Total	$	20,198

Note 12 - Term Loan and Line of Credit

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

Note 12 – Term Loan and Line of credit

Debt issuance costs related to the EBC Credit Agreement totaled $520,000 and were included as part of our other long term assets balance.

Note 13 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends [Text Block]

Note 13 – Cash dividend and declared dividends

We did not pay any dividends during the three or six months ended April 30, 2024, nor during the three or six months ended April 30, 2023.

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Insider Trading Arr Line Items
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]		Item 5. Other Information Insider Trading Arrangements During the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024, no director or officer adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, and/or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined pursuant to Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Apr. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]	*Principles of consolidation* The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]	*Fair value measurement* We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy: Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. As of April 30, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	*Recent accounting standards* *Recently issued accounting pronouncements adopted:* In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which requires a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which pushes back the effective date for public business entities that are smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The guidance was effective for the Company beginning on November 1, 2023 and the adoption of this standard had no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures. *Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted:* In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to expand the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for our annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

Note 2 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedules of Concentration of Risk, by Risk Factor [Table Text Block]

Three Months Ended April 30,

Six Months Ended April 30,

2024

2023

2024

2023

Wireless provider

20%

18%

Note 3 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Raw materials and supplies	$	11,241	$	12,957
Work in process		439		439
Finished goods		4,699		5,334

Totals	$	16,379	$	18,730

Note 4 - Other Current Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Other Current Assets [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Prepaid taxes	$	554	$	642
Prepaid expense		926		953
Deposits		316		374
Other		98		167

Totals	$	1,894	$	2,136

Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024		October 31, 2023

Wages payable	$	2,219	$	2,461
Accrued receipts		757		1,131
Other accrued expenses		1,242		980

Totals	$	4,218	$	4,572

Note 6 - Income (Loss) Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share		10,495,548		10,290,911		10,452,597		10,256,158

Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options		-		36,360		-		-

Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share		10,495,548		10,327,271		10,452,597		10,256,158

Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024			2023
Risk-free interest rate		4.00	%		3.76	%
Dividend yield		0.00	%		0.00	%
Expected life of the option (in years)	7.00			7.00
Volatility factor		51.80	%		54.30	%

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]

				Weighted
				Average
	Shares			Exercise Price
Outstanding at November 1, 2023		754,186		$	6.04
Options granted		245,001		$	3.01
Options exercised		-		$	-
Options cancelled		(36,015	)	$	8.07
Options outstanding at April 30, 2024		963,172		$	5.19
Options exercisable at April 30, 2024		516,776		$	5.94
Options vested and expected to vest at April 30, 2024		957,705		$	5.09

Note 8 - Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

United States	$	14,415	$	20,908	$	26,475	$	37,012
Foreign Countries:
Canada		949		588		1,830		1,172
Italy		155		294		185		1,392
Mexico		-		1		3		3
All Other		591		507		1,075		1,063
		1,695		1,390		3,093		3,630

Totals	$	16,110	$	22,298	$	29,568	$	40,642

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly		Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	9,902		$	6,208	$	-		$	16,110
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		(660	)		350		(336	)		(645	)
Depreciation and amortization		572			61		-			633
Total assets		51,007			17,746		4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	12,625		$	9,673	$	-		$	22,298
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		249			257		(89	)		417
Depreciation and amortization		496			127		-			623
Total assets		54,050			21,101		8,968			84,119

	RF Connector			Custom Cabling
	and			Manufacturing and
	Cable Assembly			Assembly			Corporate			Total
2024
Net sales	$	18,709		$	10,859		$	-		$	29,568
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(2,388	)		89			(539	)		(2,838	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,085			181			-			1,266
Total assets		51,007			17,746			4,070			72,823

2023
Net sales	$	24,346		$	16,296		$	-		$	40,642
(Loss) income before benefit for income taxes		365			(534	)		(736	)		(905	)
Depreciation and amortization		911			253			-			1,165
Total assets		54,050			21,101			8,968			84,119

Note 10 - Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Schedule of Finite-lived and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Amortizable intangible assets:
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	$	423		$	423
Accumulated amortization		(400	)		(378	)
		23			45

Customer relationships (estimated lives 7 - 15 years)		6,058			6,058
Accumulated amortization		(3,654	)		(3,461	)
		2,404			2,597

Backlog (estimated life 1 - 2 years)		327			327
Accumulated amortization		(327	)		(327	)
		-			-

Patents (estimated life 10 - 14 years)		368			368
Accumulated amortization		(192	)		(176	)
		176			192

Tradename (estimated life 15 years)		1,700			1,700
Accumulated amortization		(247	)		(189	)
		1,453			1,511

Proprietary Technology (estimated life 10 years)		11,100			11,100
Accumulated amortization		(2,405	)		(1,850	)
		8,695			9,250

Totals	$	12,751		$	13,595

Non-amortizable intangible assets:
Trademarks	$	1,174		$	1,174

Note 11 - Commitments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended April 30,				Six Months Ended April 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	731	$	703	$	1,468	$	1,467
Short-term lease cost		-		-		-		-

Lessee, Leases, Other Information [Table Text Block]

	April 30, 2024			October 31, 2023
Supplemental Cash Flows Information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	53		$	6,479

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in months)		109.43			114.26

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		6.97	%		6.96	%

Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]

Year ending October 31,	Operating Leases

2024 (excluding three months ended April 30, 2024)	$	1,268
2025		2,840
2026		2,877
2027		2,929
2028		2,997
Thereafter		14,878
Total future minimum lease payments		27,789
Less imputed interest		(7,591	)
Total	$	20,198

Reported as of April 30, 2024	Operating Leases
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	$	1,424
Operating lease liabilities		18,774
Total	$	20,198

Note 2 - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details Textual) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2023
Cash, Uninsured Amount	$ 0.9		$ 0.9
Wireless Carrier [Member]
Number of Customers	1
Wireless Carrier [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	15.00%	20.00%	15.00%
Wireless Carrier [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		24.00%
One Distributor [Member]
Number of Customers	1
One Distributor [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage				18.00%
One Distributor [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%		10.00%
Two Distributors [Member]
Number of Customers			0
Two Distributors [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage			10.00%
Distributor Two [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage			10.00%
Distributor One [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage				24.00%

Note 2 - Concentrations of Credit Risk - Sales (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Wireless Provider [Member]
Wireless provider	0.00%	20.00%	0.00%	18.00%

Note 3 - Inventories and Major Vendors (Details Textual) - Inventory Purchases [Member] - Supplier Concentration Risk [Member]	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Number of Major Vendors		1
Two Vendors [Member]
Number of Major Vendors	2
Vendor One [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	27.00%
Vendor Two [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	12.00%
Vendors Two [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage		20.00%

Note 3 - Inventories and Major Vendors - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Raw materials and supplies	$ 11,241	$ 12,957
Work in process	439	439
Finished goods	4,699	5,334
Totals	$ 16,379	$ 18,730

Note 4 - Other Current Assets - Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Prepaid taxes	$ 554	$ 642
Prepaid expense	926	953
Deposits	316	374
Other	98	167
Totals	$ 1,894	$ 2,136

Note 5 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Wages payable	$ 2,219	$ 2,461
Accrued receipts	757	1,131
Other accrued expenses	1,242	980
Totals	$ 4,218	$ 4,572

Note 6 - Income (Loss) Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)	1,152,513	755,229	1,152,513	745,229

Note 6 - Income (Loss) Per Share - Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Basic (in shares)	10,495,548	10,290,911	10,452,597	10,256,158
Add effects of potentially dilutive securities-assumed exercise of stock options (in shares)	0	36,360	0	0
Diluted (in shares)	10,495,548	10,327,271	10,452,597	10,256,158

Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)									3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 16, 2024	Jan. 11, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023	Aug. 29, 2023	Jan. 11, 2023	Jan. 11, 2021	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	7 years 10 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	5 years 7 months 28 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term	7 years 10 days
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Intrinsic Value	$ 49,760								$ 49,760		$ 49,760
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Intrinsic Value	38,720								38,720		38,720
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested and Expected to Vest, Outstanding, Aggregate Intrinsic Value	49,261								49,261		49,261
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expense									248,000	$ 229,000	503,000	$ 441,000
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 852,384								$ 852,384		$ 852,384
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition	1 year
Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross									0		0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value											$ 1.76	$ 3.21
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 1,005,945								$ 1,005,945		$ 1,005,945
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition	3 years
Incentive Stock Options [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Employee [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross						10,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period						10 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Vested, Number of Shares (in shares)						2,500
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period			110,099				54,092
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] \| Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross							108,181
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] \| Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period			4 years				4 years
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] \| Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member] \| Vesting on January 10, 2024 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage							25.00%
One Manager and Three Officers [Member] \| Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member] \| Vesting On January 11, 2025 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage			25.00%
Another Manager [Member] \| Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross							50,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)					50,000
Another Manager [Member] \| Restricted Stock and Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Expiration Period								10 years
One Officer [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period				15,202
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period				1 year
One Officer [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member] \| Vesting On January 31, 2024 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage				25.00%
Three Officers [Member] \| Incentive Stock Options [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross		25,000	220,001
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period		4 years
Three Officers [Member] \| Incentive Stock Options [Member] \| Vesting on April 16, 2028 [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage		25.00%

Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions - Assumptions (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Risk-free interest rate	4.00%	3.76%
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Expected life of the option (years) (Year)	7 years	7 years
Volatility factor	51.80%	54.30%

Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation and Equity Transactions - Options Outstanding (Details) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Nov. 01, 2023
Outstanding, shares (in shares)	754,186
Outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.19	$ 6.04
Options granted, shares (in shares)	245,001
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 3.01
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	0
Options cancelled, shares (in shares)	36,015
Options cancelled (in dollars per share)	$ 8.07
Options outstanding, shares (in shares)	963,172
Options exercisable, shares (in shares)	516,776
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.94
Options vested and expected to vest, shares (in shares)	957,705
Options vested and expected to vest, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 5.09

Note 8 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
Note 8 - Segment Information (Details Textual)	Apr. 30, 2024
Number of Reportable Segments	2

Note 8 - Segment Information - Sales by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Net sales	$ 16,110	$ 22,298	$ 29,568	$ 40,642
UNITED STATES
Net sales	14,415	20,908	26,475	37,012
CANADA
Net sales	949	588	1,830	1,172
ITALY
Net sales	155	294	185	1,392
MEXICO
Net sales	0	1	3	3
All Other Foreign Countries [Member]
Net sales	591	507	1,075	1,063
Non-US [Member]
Net sales	$ 1,695	$ 1,390	$ 3,093	$ 3,630

Note 8 - Segment Information - Net Sales, Income Before Provision for Income Taxes and Other Related Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Net sales	$ 16,110	$ 22,298	$ 29,568	$ 40,642
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(645)	417	(2,838)	(905)
Depreciation and amortization	633	623	1,266	1,165
Total assets	72,823	84,119	72,823	84,119	$ 82,278
Operating Segments [Member] \| RF Connector and Cable Assembly [Member]
Net sales	9,902	12,625	18,709	24,346
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(660)	249	(2,388)	365
Depreciation and amortization	572	496	1,085	911
Total assets	51,007	54,050	51,007	54,050
Operating Segments [Member] \| Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly [Member]
Net sales	6,208	9,673	10,859	16,296
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	350	257	89	(534)
Depreciation and amortization	61	127	181	253
Total assets	17,746	21,101	17,746	21,101
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]
Net sales	0	0	0	0
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes	(336)	(89)	(539)	(736)
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0	0
Total assets	$ 4,070	$ 8,968	$ 4,070	$ 8,968

Note 9 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Note 9 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2023
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 3,649,000	$ (164,000)	$ 2,818,000	$ (324,000)
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	564.70%	39.30%	99.30%	35.80%
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Income Tax Penalties and Interest Accrued, Total	$ 211,000		$ 211,000		$ 178,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Ending Balance	186,000		186,000
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	$ 3,526,000		$ 3,526,000

Note 10 - Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Note 10 - Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$ 844,000	$ 1,701,000
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life (Year)	8 years 29 days

Note 10 - Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 12,751	$ 13,595
Trademarks	1,174	1,174
Trademarks [Member]
Trademarks	1,174	1,174
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	423	423
Accumulated amortization	(400)	(378)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	23	45
Customer Relationships [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	6,058	6,058
Accumulated amortization	(3,654)	(3,461)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	2,404	2,597
Order or Production Backlog [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	327	327
Accumulated amortization	(327)	(327)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	0	0
Patents [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	368	368
Accumulated amortization	(192)	(176)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	176	192
Trade Names [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	1,700	1,700
Accumulated amortization	(247)	(189)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	1,453	1,511
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Non-compete agreement (estimated life 5 years)	11,100	11,100
Accumulated amortization	(2,405)	(1,850)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 8,695	$ 9,250

Note 10 - Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) (Parentheticals)	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	5 years	5 years
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	7 years	7 years
Customer Relationships [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	15 years	15 years
Order or Production Backlog [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	1 year	1 year
Order or Production Backlog [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	2 years	2 years
Patents [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	10 years	10 years
Patents [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	14 years	14 years
Trade Names [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	15 years	15 years
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Estimated life (Year)	10 years	10 years

Note 11 - Commitments (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended
Note 11 - Commitments (Details Textual)	Apr. 30, 2024 USD ($) ft²	Oct. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 14,999,000	$ 15,689,000
Operating Lease, Liability	20,198,000
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	1,424,000	$ 1,314,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Total	$ 0
Schrofftech Facilities [Member]
Area of Real Estate Property (Square Foot) \| ft²	7,500
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term (Year)	1 year
Operating Lease, Monthly Rental Payment	$ 7,725
K and K Unlimited [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Monthly Rent	$ 16,000
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Remaining Lease Term (Year)	10 years

Note 11 - Commitments - Operating Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Operating lease cost	$ 731	$ 703	$ 1,468	$ 1,467
Short-term lease cost	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Note 11 - Commitments - Other Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
Operating leases	$ 53	$ 6,479
Operating leases (in months) (Month)	109 months 13 days	114 months 7 days
Operating leases	6.97%	6.96%

Note 11 - Commitments - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 30, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023
2024	$ 1,268
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,424	$ 1,314
2025	2,840
Operating lease liabilities	18,774	$ 19,284
2026	2,877
Total	20,198
2027	2,929
2028	2,997
Thereafter	14,878
Total future minimum lease payments	27,789
Less imputed interest	(7,591)
Total	$ 20,198

Note 12 - Term Loan and Line of Credit (Details Textual) - USD ($)			1 Months Ended	4 Months Ended
	Mar. 15, 2024	Jan. 26, 2024	Feb. 28, 2022	Mar. 15, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024	Mar. 01, 2024	Feb. 29, 2024	Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 22, 2023	Sep. 20, 2022
Line of Credit, Current						$ 10,460,000			$ 1,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			2.00%
Bank of America, N.A. [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 500,000	$ 3,000,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 17,000,000
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Maximum EBITDA Ratio			3
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio			1.25
Debt Instrument, Covenant Required Ebitda			$ 600,000		$ 1,000,000	$ 500,000			(400,000)
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Liquidity		2,000,000						$ 2,000,000		$ 4,000,000	$ 4,000,000
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Minimum Liquidity, Percentage Forecasted										80.00%
Debt Instrument, Fee Required On Percentage of Outstanding Principle Balance						0.50%	1.00%	0.50%
Debt Instrument, Additional Payment Amount							$ 1,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Repayments of Debt		500,000
Long-Term Line of Credit		$ 500,000							$ 1,000,000
Line of Credit, Current							$ 500,000
EBC Revolving Loan Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 15,000,000			$ 15,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.50%
EBC Revolving Loan Facility [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	0.11448%
EBC Revolving Loan Facility [Member] \| Adjusted Term SOFR [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	5.00%
EBC Additional Line [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 1,000,000			$ 1,000,000
EBC Additional Line [Member] \| Adjusted Term SOFR [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				6.50%
Floor Rate, Adjusted Interest Rate	2.00%			2.00%
Swing Line Loan [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 3,000,000			$ 3,000,000
EBC Credit Agreement [Member]
Debt Instrument, Covenant, Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	1.1
Debt Instrument Covenant, Capital Expenditures	$ 2,500,000
Short-Term Debt						$ 10,460,000
EBC Credit Agreement [Member] \| Other Assets [Member]
Debt Issuance Costs, Line of Credit Arrangements, Gross	520,000			520,000
EBC Credit Agreement [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument Covenant, Excess Availability Amount	$ 1,000,000			$ 1,000,000
Debt Instrument Covenant, Adjusted Borrowing Base Percent	10.00%			10.00%

Note 13 - Cash Dividend and Declared Dividends (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2024	Apr. 30, 2023
Payments of Ordinary Dividends, Common Stock	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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