Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-281113
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NO. 4
(to Prospectus dated August 6, 2024)
Serve Robotics Inc.
5,000,000 Shares of Common Stock
This prospectus
supplement supplements the prospectus dated August 6, 2024 (the “Prospectus”), which forms a part of our registration statement
on Form S-1 (No. 333-281113). This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information in the Prospectus with
the information contained in our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on December 9, 2024, January 6, 2025 and January 7, 2025
(the “Current Reports”). Accordingly, we have attached the Current Reports to this prospectus supplement.
The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement relate
to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling stockholders named in the Prospectus (the “Selling Stockholders”) of
up to 5,000,000 shares of our Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Common Stock”), which includes: (i) 2,500,000 shares
of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants issued to Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd. (“Armistice”)
in connection with a private placement of warrants and pre-funded warrants (the “July 2024 PIPE”) and (ii) 2,500,000 shares
of our Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued to Armistice in connection with the July 2024 PIPE.
Our Common Stock is quoted on The Nasdaq Capital
Market under the symbol “SERV”. On January 6, 2025, the closing price of our Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was
$22.89 per share.
This prospectus supplement updates and supplements
the information in the Prospectus and is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in combination with, the Prospectus,
including any amendments or supplements thereto. This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus and if there
is any inconsistency between the information in the Prospectus and this prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in this
prospectus supplement.
See the section entitled “Risk Factors”
beginning on page 7 of the Prospectus to read about factors you should consider before buying our securities.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission
nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the
Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus supplement is January
7, 2025.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
December 4, 2024
SERVE ROBOTICS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
| Delaware |
|
000-56237 |
|
85-3844872 |
|
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation) |
|
(Commission File Number) |
|
(IRS Employer
Identification No.) |
|
730 Broadway
Redwood City, CA |
|
94063 |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
|
(Zip Code) |
(818) 860-1352
(Registrant’s telephone number, including
area code)
N/A
(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since
Last Report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant
to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to
Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act:
| Title of each class |
|
Trading Symbol(s) |
|
Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
SERV |
|
The Nasdaq Capital Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.
On December 4, 2024, Serve Robotics Inc. (the
“Company”) appointed Lily Sarafan to the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) effective December 4,
2024. Ms. Sarafan was additionally appointed to serve on the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board. There are no
arrangements or understanding between Ms. Sarafan and any other persons pursuant to which she was selected as a director, and there are
no transactions reportable under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K in which Ms. Sarafan has a direct or indirect material interest. She will
be entitled to receive the standard cash paid to all directors as described in the Company’s Outside Director Compensation Policy
which is attached as Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 20,000 restricted
stock units vesting in full on the earlier to occur of (i) the Company’s next annual stockholder meeting or (ii) December 4, 2025. Ms.
Sarafan was appointed to the Board to replace Mr. Jordan as a Class II Director of the Company following notice of his intent to resign
(as further detailed below) and is subject to re-election at the Company's 2025 annual stockholder meeting.
On December 4, 2024, James Buckly Jordan announced his intention to resign
as a director of the Board, effective immediately. Mr. Jordan’s decision was not based on any disagreement with the Company or
management. The Company would like to thank Mr. Jordan for his dedicated service to the Company.
Item 8.01. Other Events.
On December 9, 2024, the Company issued a press
release regarding the appointment of Ms. Sarafan to the Board. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 hereto.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits
(d) Exhibits. The following exhibits are included
in this report:
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.
| |
Serve Robotics Inc. |
| |
|
| Dated: December 9, 2024 |
/s/ Brian Read |
| |
Brian Read |
| |
Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 99.1
Serve Robotics Announces Appointment of Lily
Sarafan to its
Board of Directors
SAN FRANCISCO, December 9, 2024 -- Serve Robotics Inc. (Nasdaq:
SERV), a leading embodied AI and automation company, today announced the appointment of Lily Sarafan to its Board of Directors
(the “Board”).
Sarafan is an accomplished leader with nearly 20 years of experience
in entrepreneurship, executive leadership and board governance. She is co-founder and former chief executive of TheKey, one of the largest
and most trusted in-home care provider networks, where she serves as executive chair. Sarafan currently serves on the boards of Instacart,
Thumbtack and Kyo as well as on the board of trustees of Stanford University. She has been recognized as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year,
a Fortune 40 Under 40, Women Health Care Executives’ Woman of the Year, and a Henry Crown Fellow of the Aspen Institute. Sarafan holds
an M.S. in Management Science and Engineering and a B.S. in Science, Technology, and Society from Stanford University.
“We look forward to welcoming Lily as an independent member of
the Board. Her extensive leadership experience, particularly in home services and on-demand delivery, will be invaluable as Serve continues
to expand our market presence and shape the future of delivery and automation,” said Ali Kashani, Chairman of Serve’s Board.
About Serve Robotics
Serve Robotics develops advanced, AI-powered, low-emissions sidewalk
delivery robots that endeavor to make delivery sustainable and economical. Spun off from Uber in 2021 as an independent company, Serve
has completed tens of thousands of deliveries for enterprise partners such as Uber Eats and 7-Eleven. Serve has scalable multi-year contracts,
including a signed agreement to deploy up to 2,000 delivery robots on the Uber Eats platform across multiple U.S. markets.
For further information about Serve Robotics (Nasdaq:SERV), please
visit www.serverobotics.com or follow us on social media via X (Twitter), Instagram, or LinkedIn @serverobotics.
Forward Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Serve intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor
provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements can be about
future events, including statements regarding Serve’s intentions, objectives, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future
events, including Serve’s expectations with respect to the financial and operating performance of its business, its capital position,
and future growth. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “project”, “predict”,
“will”, “forecast”, “estimate”, “likely”, “intend”, “outlook”, “should”,
“could”, “may”, “target”, “plan” and other similar expressions can generally be used to identify
forward-looking statements. Indications of, and guidance or outlook on, future earnings or financial position or performance are also
forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management’s current expectations of future
events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from
those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that contribute to the uncertain nature of the forward-looking
statements include those risks and uncertainties set forth in Serve’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023,
filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in its subsequent filings filed with the SEC.
All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. Serve undertakes no
obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.
Contacts
Media
Aduke Thelwell, Head of Communications & Investor Relations
Serve Robotics
press@serverobotics.com
Investor Relations
investor.relations@serverobotics.com
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):
January 6, 2025
SERVE ROBOTICS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
| Delaware |
|
000-56237 |
|
85-3844872 |
|
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation) |
|
(Commission File Number) |
|
(IRS Employer
Identification No.) |
|
730 Broadway
Redwood City, CA |
|
94063 |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
|
(Zip Code) |
(818) 860-1352
(Registrant’s telephone number, including
area code)
N/A
(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since
Last Report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ |
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ☐ |
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ |
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act:
| Title of each class |
|
Trading Symbol(s) |
|
Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
SERV |
|
The Nasdaq Capital Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 7.01. Regulation FD Disclosure.
On January 6, 2025, Serve Robotics Inc. issued
a press release summarizing its financing activities in 2024. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current
Report on Form 8-K.
The information in this Form 8-K (including Exhibit
99.1) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
Item
9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) List of Exhibits.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.
| |
Serve Robotics Inc. |
| |
|
| Dated: January 6, 2025 |
/s/ Brian Read |
| |
Brian Read |
| |
Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 99.1
Serve Robotics Secures $86 Million in New Financing
in December, Solidifying Liquidity Position to Transform Last-Mile Delivery
New capital brings total raised in 2024 to
$167 million
SAN FRANCISCO (Jan. 6, 2025) — Serve Robotics Inc. (“Serve”
or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: SERV), a leading autonomous delivery company, today announced that it raised gross proceeds of
$86 million during December 2024, bringing total gross proceeds raised in 2024 to $167 million. Since its spinout from Uber in 2021, the
Company has secured approximately $220 million in total funding. The additional December 2024 funding includes proceeds raised through
Serve’s previously filed ATM facility and the exercise of warrants. As of December 31, 2024, Serve had a total of approximately
51.5 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding.
This infusion of capital significantly strengthens Serve’s financial
position, extending its expected operational runway approximately through the end of 2026. Serve is now able to self-fund equipment investments,
eliminating the near-term need for equipment financing and its associated servicing costs. By preserving balance sheet flexibility and
optimizing its cost of capital with efficient, lower cost funding solutions, the Company is well-positioned to support strategic initiatives
and invest in further advancing its technology leadership.
The successful fundraising in 2024 underscores Serve’s position
as a leader in transforming last-mile delivery, as the Company aims to ramp up production of its third-generation robots and prepares
to enter several new markets.
“This liquidity position reflects strong confidence in our vision
and market potential,” said Brian Read, Chief Financial Officer of Serve Robotics. “Looking ahead, we believe we are well-positioned
to continue to scale our operations and enter new markets in 2025 and beyond.”
About Serve Robotics
Serve Robotics develops advanced, AI-powered, low-emissions sidewalk
delivery robots that endeavor to make delivery sustainable and economical. Spun off from Uber in 2021 as an independent company, Serve
has completed tens of thousands of deliveries for enterprise partners such as Uber Eats and 7-Eleven. Serve has scalable multi-year contracts,
including a signed agreement to deploy up to 2,000 delivery robots on the Uber Eats platform across multiple U.S. markets.
For further information about Serve Robotics (Nasdaq:SERV), please
visit www.serverobotics.com or follow us on social media via X (Twitter), Instagram, or LinkedIn @serverobotics.
Forward Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Serve intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor
provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements can be about
future events, including statements regarding Serve’s intentions, objectives, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future
events, including Serve’s expectations with respect to the financial and operating performance of its business, its capital position,
and future growth. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “project”, “predict”,
“will”, “forecast”, “estimate”, “likely”, “intend”, “outlook”, “should”,
“could”, “may”, “target”, “plan” and other similar expressions can generally be used to identify
forward-looking statements. Indications of, and guidance or outlook on, future earnings or financial position or performance are also
forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management’s current expectations of future
events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from
those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that contribute to the uncertain nature of the forward-looking
statements include those risks and uncertainties set forth in Serve’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023,
filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in its subsequent filings filed with the SEC.
All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. Serve undertakes no
obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.
Contacts
Media
Malory Van Guilder
Skyya PR for Serve Robotics
serve@skyya.com
651.335.0585
Investor Relations
investor.relations@serverobotics.com
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
8-K
CURRENT
REPORT
Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date
of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 7, 2025
SERVE
ROBOTICS INC.
(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
| Delaware |
|
000-56237 |
|
85-3844872 |
(State
or Other Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation) |
|
(Commission
File Number) |
|
(IRS
Employer
Identification
No.) |
730
Broadway
Redwood
City, CA |
|
94063 |
| (Address
of Principal Executive Offices) |
|
(Zip Code) |
(818)
860-1352
(Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former
Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions:
| ☐ |
Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ☐ |
Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ☐ |
Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ☐ |
Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title
of each class |
|
Trading
Symbol(s) |
|
Name
of each exchange on which registered |
| Common
Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
SERV |
|
The Nasdaq Capital
Market |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging
growth company ☒
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item
1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.
On January 7, 2025, Serve Robotics Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with a certain institutional investor (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and
sell, in a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) an aggregate of 4,210,525 shares (the “Shares”)
of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”) at a price of $19.00 per Share. The
gross proceeds to the Company from the Registered Direct Offering are expected to be approximately $80 million, before deducting the placement
agents’ fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.
The
Registered Direct Offering is expected to close on January 7, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. The
Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Registered Direct Offering for general corporate purposes, including for working capital,
capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses.
The
Purchase Agreement contains representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification
obligations of the Company, including for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”),
other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Purchase
Agreement were made only for the purposes of such agreements and as of the specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties
to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.
In
connection with the Registered Direct Offering, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”)
with Northland Securities, Inc. (the “Placement Agent”), pursuant to which the Placement Agent agreed to serve as the exclusive
placement agent for the Company, on a reasonable best efforts basis. The Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent an aggregate cash
fee equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received in the Registered Direct Offering.
The
Shares are being sold pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-282389)
that was originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 27, 2024, and which was declared effective on October
3, 2024 and a related base prospectus and prospectus supplement (the “Prospectus Supplement”) thereunder.
The
foregoing descriptions of the Purchase Agreement and the Placement Agency Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in
their entirety by the full text of the form of Purchase Agreement and the Placement Agency Agreement, copies of which are attached hereto
as Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2, respectively, and are incorporated by reference herein.
This
Current Report on Form 8-K does not constitute an offer to sell any securities or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, nor
shall there be any sale of any securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful
prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.
A
copy of the opinion of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP relating to the legality of the issuance and sale of the Shares is attached
as Exhibit 5.1 hereto.
Item
8.01 Other Events.
On
January 7, 2025, the Company issued a press release announcing the pricing of the Registered Direct Offering, a copy of which is filed
as Exhibit 99.1 and incorporated by reference herein.
Item
9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d)
Exhibits
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| Date: January 7, 2025 |
Serve Robotics Inc. |
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/
Brian Read |
| |
Name: |
Brian Read |
| |
Title: |
Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 5.1
|
 |
| |
|
| January 7, 2025 |
|
| |
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP |
| |
|
| Serve Robotics Inc. |
222 Berkeley St. |
| 730 Broadway |
Ste. 2000 |
| Redwood City, CA 94063 |
Boston, MA 02116 |
| |
|
| |
+1-617-880-1800 |
| Re: Offering
of Common Stock |
orrick.com |
Ladies
and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for Serve Robotics Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the offer and
sale by the Company of 4,210,525 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the
“Common Stock”) pursuant to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-282389)
(the “Registration Statement”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), the prospectus dated October 3, 2024 (the “Base Prospectus”),
the prospectus supplement relating to the Shares, to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Rules and Regulations
of the Act (the “Prospectus Supplement”). The Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement are collectively referred to as
the “Prospectus.” The Shares are to be sold by the Company in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
The Company is filing this opinion letter with the Commission on a Current Report on Form 8-K (the “Current Report”).
In
connection with rendering the opinion set forth below, we have examined and relied upon originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified
to our satisfaction, of (i) the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended and restated through the
date hereof, (ii) the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended and restated through the date hereof, (iii) certain resolutions
of the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof relating to the issuance and sale of the Shares, (iv)
the Registration Statement, (v) the Prospectus and (vi) such corporate records of the Company, certificates of public officials, officers
of the Company and other persons, and such other documents, agreements and instruments as we have deemed relevant and necessary or appropriate
as a basis for the opinion set forth below.
In
our examination, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all
documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, and the authenticity
of the originals of such copies. In making our examination of documents executed or to be executed, we have assumed that the parties
thereto, other than the Company, had or will have the power, corporate or other, to enter into and perform all obligations thereunder
and have also assumed the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or other, and the execution and delivery by such parties
of such documents and the validity and binding effect thereof on such parties. We have further assumed the sufficiency of any consideration
for the obligations of each of the parties under the documents covered by this opinion letter to which it is a party, and that there
are no modifications, amendments or supplements to any of the documents covered by this opinion letter other than as referenced herein.
As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that we did not independently establish or verify, we have relied upon statements
and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others and of public officials.
January
7, 2025
Page
2
We
have also assumed that after the issuance of any securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the total number of issued
shares of Common Stock together with the total number of shares of such stock issuable upon the exercise, exchange, conversion, or settlement,
as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized
shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Company’s certificate of incorporation as then in effect.
Based
upon the foregoing and subject to the limitations, qualifications and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares
have been duly authorized and, upon issuance, delivery and payment therefor in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Our
opinion that any document is valid, binding or enforceable in accordance with its terms is subject to: (a) limitations imposed by bankruptcy,
insolvency, receivership, conservatorship, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, arrangement, moratorium or other laws relating to or
affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally; (b) rights to indemnification and contribution which may be limited by
applicable law or equitable principles or otherwise unenforceable as against public policy; (c) the unenforceability under certain circumstances
of provisions imposing liquidated damages, penalties, forfeiture, late payment charges, or an increase in interest rate upon delinquency
in payment or the occurrence of any event of default; (d) applicable laws limiting unreasonable restraints on the alienation of property;
and (e) general principles of equity including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing,
and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief, regardless of whether such enforceability is considered
in a proceeding in equity or at law.
Our
opinions herein are limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of the United States of America.
This opinion letter is limited to such laws as are in effect on the date hereof. Without limitation, no opinion is expressed herein with
respect to the qualification of the Shares under the securities or blue sky laws of any state or any foreign jurisdiction. We hereby
consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus Supplement and to the filing of
this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Current Report and its incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement. By giving
this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act and the
rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
| Very truly yours, |
|
| |
|
| /s/ ORRICK, HERRINGTON & SUTCLIFFE LLP |
|
| ORRICK, HERRINGTON & SUTCLIFFE LLP |
|
Exhibit
10.1
FORM
OF SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this “Agreement”) is dated as of January 7, 2025, between Serve Robotics Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”),
and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser”
and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below),
the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company,
securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are
hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1
Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms
have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4.
“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business
Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee”
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally
open for use by customers on such day.
“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties
thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s
obligations to deliver the Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd)
Trading Day following the date hereof.
“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Company
Counsel” means Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, with offices
located at 222 Berkeley St., Suite 2000, Boston, MA 02116.
“Disclosure
Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
“Disclosure
Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and
before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date
hereof.
“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).
“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).
“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).
“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).
“Per Share
Purchase Price” equals $19.00, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement
Agent” means Northland Securities, Inc.
“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.
“Prospectus
Supplement” means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission
and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.
“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.7.
“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement with Commission file No. 333-282389 which registers the sale of the Shares
to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.
“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144”
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424”
means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time,
or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 462(b)
Registration Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Public Securities, which
was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by
the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.
“SEC Reports”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Shares”
means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be
deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).
“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares purchased hereunder as specified below such
Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States
dollars and in immediately available funds.
“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock
Exchange.
“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed
in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer
Agent” means VStock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent
of the Company, with a mailing address of 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598,
and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
ARTICLE II.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally
and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $79,999,975.00 of Shares. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth
on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement with
the Company or its designee. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares, and the Company and each Purchaser shall
deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth
in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Unless otherwise directed
by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) (i.e., on the
Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer
Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent
shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent
(or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the
time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the
Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Shares to be
issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall,
automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound
to purchase, such Pre-Settlement Shares at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement
Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided
further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser
as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any shares of Common Stock to any Person and that any
such decision to sell any shares of Common Stock by such Purchaser shall solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any
such sale, if any. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein and a Purchaser’s Subscription Amount set forth on the signature
pages attached hereto, the number of Shares purchased by a Purchaser (and its Affiliates) hereunder shall not, when aggregated with all
other shares of Common Stock owned by such Purchaser (and its Affiliates) at such time, result in such Purchaser beneficially owning (as
determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) in excess of 9.9% of the then issued and outstanding Common Stock outstanding
at the Closing (the “Beneficial Ownership Maximum”), and such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, to the extent
it would otherwise exceed the Beneficial Ownership Maximum immediately prior to the Closing, shall be conditioned upon the issuance of
Shares at the Closing to the other Purchasers signatory hereto. To the extent that a Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of the Shares
would otherwise be deemed to exceed the Beneficial Ownership Maximum, such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount shall automatically be
reduced as necessary in order to comply with this paragraph.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On
or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i) this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form reasonably acceptable to each Purchaser;
(iii) subject
to the last sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company
letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;
(iv) subject
to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver
on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal
to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser; and
(v) the
Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
(b) On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:
(i) this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(ii) such
Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement with the Company
or its designee.
2.3 Closing
Conditions.
(a) The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) on the
Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case
they shall be accurate (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) as of such date);
(ii) all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
and
(iii) the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of
a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects, or to the extent representations or warranties
are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse effect, in all respects as of such date);
(ii) all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
(iii) the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;
(iv) there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company;
(v) from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Shares at the Closing.
ARTICLE III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part
hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section
of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:
(a) Subsidiaries.
All of the subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Exhibit 21.1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2023. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary
free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are
fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries,
all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.
(b) Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to
own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in
violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse
effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis
its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding
has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority
or qualification.
(c) Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further
action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other
than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or
upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute
the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by
general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting
enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive
relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it
is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do
not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of
incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with
notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets
of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration
or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing
a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property
or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in
a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority
to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property
or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not
have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant
to Section 4.3 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) application(s) to each applicable
Trading Market for the listing of the Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iv) such filings as are
required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
(f) Issuance
of the Shares; Registration. The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction
Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company
has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became
effective on October 3, 2024 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements
thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and
no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus
has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened
by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement
and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to
the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or
supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and
will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. The Company was at the time of the filing of the Registration Statement eligible to use Form
S-3. The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act and it meets the transaction requirements with respect to the aggregate
market value of securities being sold pursuant to this offering and during the twelve (12) months prior to this offering, as set forth
in General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3.
(g) Capitalization.
The Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any capital
stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee
stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s
employee stock purchase plans, pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the
most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, or pursuant to that certain Equity Distribution Agreement dated November 7,
2024 by and among the Company, Northland Securities, Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (the “Distribution
Agreement”). No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate
in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options,
warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common
Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary
is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The
issuance and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to
any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision
that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company
or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or
similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is
or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or
“phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities
laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase
securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and
sale of the Shares. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s
capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(h) SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two
years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing
materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus
Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension
of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates,
the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and
none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading. The Company has been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company
included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the
Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United
States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and
its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended,
subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(i) Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within
the SEC Reports, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in
a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and
accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected
in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not
altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to
its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company
has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The
Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of
the Shares contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or
is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties,
operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the
time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one Trading Day prior to the date that this
representation is made.
(j) Litigation.
There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened
against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental
or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Shares or
(ii) would, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation
of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge
of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former
director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration
statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company,
which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees
is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships
with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected
to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement
or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued
employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any
of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and
regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the
failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l) Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived
that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or
any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement
or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default
or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority
or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation
all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality
and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect.
(m) Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution
or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata),
including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or
hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to
the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as
all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits,
plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received
all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and
(iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii),
the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except
where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification
of any Material Permit.
(o) Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good
and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each
case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere
with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal,
state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither
delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by
them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.
(p) Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications,
service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights
necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to
so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired,
terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC
Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the
rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the
Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and
value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(q) Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such
amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited
to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain
similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(r) Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary
and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with
the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other
arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing
for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee
or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is
an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary
or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits,
including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(s) Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the
Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the
Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions
are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted
only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared
with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the
Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company
and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company
in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report
under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic
report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures
based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over
financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(t) Certain
Fees. Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will
be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker,
bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation
with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section
that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(u) Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be
an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company
shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(v) Registration
Rights. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration
under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(w) Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company
has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common
Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.
The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is
or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such
Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance
with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository
Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company
(or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
(x) Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable
any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state
of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations
or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of
the Shares and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Shares.
(y) Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms
that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information
that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement.
The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities
of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries,
their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and
correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the
statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated
by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser
makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically
set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(z) No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither
the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales
of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Shares to be integrated
with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any
of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(aa) Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the date hereof, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company
of the proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that
will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities)
as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted
and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted
by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the
Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated
uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid.
The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts
of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe
that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from
the Closing Date.
(bb) Tax Status.
Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and
franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other
governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations
and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the
periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the
taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.
(cc) Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other
person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts,
entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign
or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii)
failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the
Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.
(dd) Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is dbbmckennnon. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm is a registered
public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act.
(ee) Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in
the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The
Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity)
with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their
respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely
incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Shares. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s
decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions
contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
(ff) Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.11 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked
by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company,
or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Shares for any specified term; (ii) past
or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative”
transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of
the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which
any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Common Stock, and (iv)
each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative”
transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various
times during the period that the Shares are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing
stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges
that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.
(gg) Regulation
M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of
the Shares, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the
Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement
of the Shares.
(hh) Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with
the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common
Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company’s
stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice
to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public
announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
(ii) Cybersecurity.
(i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s information
technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers,
vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”)
and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably
be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are
presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems
and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented
and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous
operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster
recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.
(jj) Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee
or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets
Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(kk) U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning
of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.
(ll) Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,
as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal
Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or
Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to
regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(mm) Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable
financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable
money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or
any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
3.2 Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the
date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate
as of such date):
(a) Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership limited liability company
or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise
to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such
Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership,
limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a
party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute
the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited
by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance,
injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable
law.
(b) Understandings
or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement
or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Shares (this representation and warranty
not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable
federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.
(c) Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Shares, it was, and as of the date hereof it is an “accredited investor”
as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12) or (a)(13) under the Securities Act.
(d) Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Shares,
and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
Shares and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(e) Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits
and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary
of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Shares and
the merits and risks of investing in the Shares; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of
operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity
to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary
to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the
Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the
Shares nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any
representation as to the Company or the quality of the Shares and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information
with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Shares
to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.
(f) Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has
any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or
sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first
received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing
terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of
such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers
managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion
of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Shares covered by this Agreement. Other than
to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors,
partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures
made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing,
for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect
to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
The Company acknowledges and
agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on
the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any
other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation
of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute
a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or
similar transactions in the future.
ARTICLE IV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Furnishing
of Information. Until the time that no Purchaser owns Shares, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect
thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to
the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
4.2 Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section
2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Shares for purposes of the rules and regulations of any
Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval
is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.3 Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the
transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto,
with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents
to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without
limitation, the Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective
upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under
any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents,
employees, Affiliates or agents, including without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any
of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that
each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each
Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and
neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior
consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect
to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required
by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser
in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except
(a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to
the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with
prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.
4.4 Shareholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser
is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution
under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser
could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Shares under the Transaction Documents
or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
4.5 Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.3, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its
behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes,
material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information
and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser
shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any
of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information
to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any
duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates
or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective
officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of,
such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice
provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any
Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously with the delivery of such notice file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current
Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions
in securities of the Company.
4.6 Use
of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not
use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary
course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c)
for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.
4.7 Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.7, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person
holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners
or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such
title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities,
obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and
reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating
to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other
Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates,
by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations,
warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such
stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which
is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct. If any action shall be brought against any
Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the
Company in writing, and, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable
to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the
defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i)
the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period
of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel a material
conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company
shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to
any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written
consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage
or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, other Transaction Documents. The indemnification
required by this Section 4.7 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense,
as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action
or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.
4.8 Listing
of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading
Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares
on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the
Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares,
and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly
as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading
Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the
Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust
Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust
Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.9 [Reserved]
4.10 Equal
Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any
Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is
also offered to all of the parties to such Transaction Document. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right
granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers
as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition
or voting of Shares or otherwise.
4.11 Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor
any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales
of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section
4.3. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.3, such Purchaser
will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules
(other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives). Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding anything contained
in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty
or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.3, (ii) no
Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable
securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to
the initial press release as described in Section 4.3 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade
in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates
or agent, including without limitation, the Placement Agent, after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.3.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers
manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions
made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply
with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Shares covered
by this Agreement.
ARTICLE V.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination.
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever
on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated
on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination
will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).
5.2 Fees
and Expenses. Each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all
other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.
The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Shares
to the Purchaser, as well as the fees and expenses of the Placement Agent as set forth in the Placement Agency Agreement, by and between
the Company and the Placement Agent.
5.3 Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement,
contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents,
exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email
attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a
Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment
at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally
recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address
for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.
5.5 Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in
the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50% in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription
Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement
of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts
a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be
required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing
waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall
any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment
or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable
rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment
effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Shares and the Company.
5.6 Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any
of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other
than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or
transfers any Shares, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Shares, by the provisions
of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.8 No
Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted
assigns only, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person.
5.9 Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting
in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction
contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably
waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such
court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives
personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered
or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this
Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action
or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section
4.7, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’
fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.
5.10 Survival.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Shares.
5.11 Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that
the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf”
format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature
is executed) with the same force and effect as if such “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.12 Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force
and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts
to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of
the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and
the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw,
in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part
without prejudice to its future actions and rights.
5.14 Replacement
of Shares. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Shares is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue
or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution
therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft
or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs
(including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Shares.
5.15 Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers
and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may
not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby
agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would
be adequate.
5.16 Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser
enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part
thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required
to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without
limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration
the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such
payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.17 Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and
not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance
of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document,
and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association,
a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group
with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently
protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction
Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose.
Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. The Company has elected to provide all
Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested
to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other
Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not
between and among the Purchasers.
5.18 Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or
granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding
Business Day.
5.19 Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents
and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall
not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to
share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits,
stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.20 WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES
EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY
AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the
parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the
date first indicated above.
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With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE
AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.
Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:
_________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
Email Address of Authorized Signatory:_________________________________________
Address for Notice to Purchaser:
Address for Delivery of Shares to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):
Subscription Amount: $_________________
Shares: _________________
EIN Number: ____________________
☐
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to
purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company
to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing
shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated
by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any
agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an
unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the
like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.
[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]
Exhibit 10.2
PLACEMENT AGENCY AGREEMENT
January 7, 2025
NORTHLAND SECURITIES, INC.
150 South Fifth Street, Suite 3300
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introduction. Subject
to the terms and conditions herein (this “Agreement”), Serve Robotics Inc. a Delaware corporation (the “Company”),
hereby agrees to sell up to an aggregate of $80.0 million of registered securities of the Company, including, but not limited to, 4,210,525
shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the "Common Stock”)
directly to various investors (each, an “Investor” and, collectively, the “Investors”) through Northland
Securities, Inc. (the “Placement Agent”) as placement agent. The documents executed and delivered by the Company and
the Investors in connection with the Offering (as defined below), including, without limitation, a securities purchase agreement (the
“Purchase Agreement”), shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Documents.”
The purchase price to the Investors for each Share is $19.00. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents
or selected dealers on its behalf in connection with the Offering.
The Company hereby confirms
its agreement with the Placement Agent as follows:
Section 1. Agreement to
Act as Placement Agent.
(a) On
the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained, and subject to all the terms and conditions
of this Agreement, the Placement Agent shall be the exclusive placement agent in connection with the offering and sale by the Company
of the Shares pursuant to the Company's registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-282389) (the “Registration Statement”),
with the terms of such offering (the “Offering”) to be subject to market conditions and negotiations between the Company,
the Placement Agent and the prospective Investors. The Placement Agent will act on a reasonable best efforts basis and the Company agrees
and acknowledges that there is no guarantee of the successful placement of the Shares, or any portion thereof, in the prospective Offering.
Under no circumstances will the Placement Agent or any of its “Affiliates” (as defined below) be obligated to underwrite or
purchase any of the Shares for its own account or otherwise provide any financing. The Placement Agent shall act solely as the Company’s
agent and not as principal. The Placement Agent shall have no authority to bind the Company with respect to any prospective offer to purchase
Shares and the Company shall have the sole right to accept offers to purchase Shares and may reject any such offer, in whole or in part.
Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of, the Shares shall be made at one or more
closings (each a “Closing” and the date on which each Closing occurs, a “Closing Date”). As compensation
for services rendered, on each Closing Date, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent the fees and expenses set forth below:
(i) A
cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) equal to 5.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Shares at
the closing of the Offering (the “Closing”) to any Investor in the Offering.
(ii) The
Company also agrees to reimburse Placement Agent’s reasonable out-of-pocket accountable expenses incurred in connection with the
Offering, including the expenses of the Placement Agent’s counsel (with supporting invoices/receipts), in an amount up to $50,000,
payable immediately upon the Closing of the Offering.
(b) The
term of the Placement Agent’s exclusive engagement will be until the Closing (the “Exclusive Term”); provided,
however, that a party hereto may terminate the engagement with respect to itself at any time upon 10 days written notice to the
other parties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and
contribution contained herein and the Company’s obligations contained in the indemnification provisions will survive any expiration
or termination of this Agreement, and the Company’s obligation to pay fees actually earned and payable and to reimburse expenses
actually incurred and reimbursable pursuant to Section 1 hereof and which are permitted to be reimbursed under FINRA Rule 5110(g), will
survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit the ability of the Placement
Agent or its Affiliates to pursue, investigate, analyze, invest in, or engage in investment banking, financial advisory or any other business
relationship with Persons (as defined below) other than the Company. As used herein (i) “Persons” means an individual or corporation,
partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government
(or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind and (ii) “Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or
indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are
used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Section 2. Representations,
Warranties and Covenants of the Company. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports (as hereafter defined), the Company hereby represents,
warrants and covenants to the Placement Agent as of the date hereof, and as of each Closing Date, as follows:
(a) Securities
Law Filings. The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) the Registration
Statement under the Securities Act, which was filed on September 27, 2024 and declared effective on October 3, 2024 for the registration
of the Shares under the Securities Act. Following the determination of pricing among the Company and the prospective Investors introduced
to the Company by Placement Agent, the Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rules 430A and 424(b) under the Securities Act,
and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Commission promulgated thereunder, a final prospectus
supplement relating to the placement of the Shares, their respective pricings and the plan of distribution thereof and will advise the
Placement Agent of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required to be set forth therein. Such registration
statement, at any given time, including the exhibits thereto filed at such time, as amended at such time, is hereinafter called the “Registration
Statement”; such prospectus in the form in which it appears in the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness, together
with any preliminary prospectus supplement relating to the Offering, is hereinafter called the “Base Prospectus”; and
the final prospectus supplement, in the form in which it will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base
Prospectus as it may be amended or supplemented) is hereinafter called the “Final Prospectus.” The Registration Statement
at the time it originally became effective is hereinafter called the “Original Registration Statement.” Any reference
in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Original Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Final Prospectus shall
be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”), if
any, which were or are filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), at any given
time, as the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement”
with respect to the Registration Statement, the Original Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Final Prospectus shall be
deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of
the Base Prospectus or the Final Prospectus, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this
Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included,” “described,”
“referenced,” “set forth” or “stated” in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Final
Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and
other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Final
Prospectus, as the case may be. As used in this paragraph and elsewhere in this Agreement, “Time of Sale Disclosure Package”
means the Base Prospectus, any preliminary prospectus supplement, and any subscription agreement between the Company and the Investors.
The term “any Prospectus” shall mean, as the context requires, the Base Prospectus, the Final Prospectus, and any supplement
to either thereof. The Company has not received any notice that the Commission has issued or intends to issue a stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Base Prospectus or any prospectus supplement or intends to commence
a proceeding for any such purpose.
(b) Assurances.
The Original Registration Statement, as amended, (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and
schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time
it became effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations and did not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading. The Base Prospectus, and the Final Prospectus, each as of its respective date, comply or will comply in all material
respects with the Securities Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. Each of the Base Prospectus and the Final Prospectus, as amended
or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The
Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange
Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission,
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect
to Incorporated Documents incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus or Final Prospectus), in light of the circumstances under which
they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after
the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required
to be filed with the Commission. Except for this Agreement, there are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection
with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed
within the requisite time period. Except for this Agreement, there are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the
Base Prospectus or Final Prospectus, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described
or filed as required.
(c) Offering
Materials. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to each
Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares other than the Time of Sale Disclosure Package.
(d) Subsidiaries.
All of the subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Exhibit 21.1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Subsidiaries” and each, a “Subsidiary”). The Company owns, directly
or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued
and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive
and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.
(e) Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to
own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in
violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse
effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis
its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no action,
claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition),
whether commenced or threatened (a “Proceeding”) has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or
curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
(f) Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further
action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other
than in connection with the Required Approvals (as defined below). This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a
party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof
and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms,
except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws
of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability
of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions
may be limited by applicable law.
(g) No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it
is a party, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not
and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation,
bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse
of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right
of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction (a “Lien”) upon any of the properties or assets of the Company
or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation
(with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or
Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset
of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation
of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which
the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset
of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as would not have or reasonably
be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(h) Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing with the Commission
of the Final Prospectus, (ii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares for trading thereon in the
time and manner required thereby, and (iii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws. A “Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock
Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
(i) Issuance
of the Shares; Registration. The Shares are duly authorized and when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction
Documents, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has prepared
and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on October 3, 2024
(the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required
to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission
and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company,
if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Final Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
and within the time frame required thereby. At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the
date of this Agreement and at the Closings, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material
respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and
any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closings,
conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. The Company was at the time of the filing of the Registration Statement eligible to use Form
S-3. The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act and it meets the transaction requirements as set forth in General
Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.
(j) Capitalization.
The Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any capital
stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee
stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s
employee stock purchase plans, pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the
most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, or pursuant to that certain Equity Distribution Agreement dated November 7,
2024 by and among the Company, Northland Securities, Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (the “Distribution
Agreement”). No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right
to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Shares
and as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of
any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving
any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments,
understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock
or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company or any
Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Investors). There are no outstanding securities
or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such
security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments
of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings
or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary.
The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement.
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have
been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any
preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder,
the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Shares. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements
or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of
the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(k) SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two
years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing
materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus, being collectively
referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing
and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports,
when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has
been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply
in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto
as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting
principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified
in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required
by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and
for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements,
to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(l) Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within
the SEC Reports, except as disclosed in its SEC Reports prior to the execution of this Agreement, (i) there has been no event, occurrence
or development that has had or that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred
any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to
GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has
not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements
to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director
or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request
for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability,
fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company
or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required
to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been
publicly disclosed at least one Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.
(m) Litigation.
There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened
against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental
or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Shares or
(ii) would, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation
of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge
of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former
director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration
statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(n) Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company,
which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees
is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships
with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected
to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement
or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued
employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any
of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and
regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the
failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(o) Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, to its respective knowledge: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred
that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under),
nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound
(whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator
or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational
health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as would not have or reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution
or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata),
including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or
hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to
the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as
all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits,
plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received
all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and
(iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii),
the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(q) Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except
where the failure to possess such permits would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification
of any Material Permit.
(r) Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good
and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each
case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere
with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal,
state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither
delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by
them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance, except where the failure
to so comply would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(s) Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications,
service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights
necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to
so have would have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired,
terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two years from the date of this Agreement,
except where such expiration, termination or abandonment would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate
or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as would not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To
the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person
of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy,
confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(t) Open
Source Software. (i) To the best of the Company’s knowledge, the Company uses and has used any and all software and other materials
distributed under a “free,” “open source,” or similar licensing model (including but not limited to the MIT License,
Apache License, GNU General Public License, GNU Lesser General Public License and GNU Affero General Public License) (“Open Source
Software”) in compliance with all license terms applicable to such Open Source Software; and (ii) the Company has not used or
distributed and does not use or distribute any Open Source Software in any manner that requires or has required (A) the Company to permit
reverse engineering of any software code or other technology owned by the Company or (B) any software code or other technology owned by
the Company to be (1) disclosed or distributed in source code form, (2) licensed for the purpose of making derivative works or (3) redistributed
at no charge.
(u) Data
Security. (i) To the best of the Company’s knowledge, the Company has complied and is presently in compliance with all internal
and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court
or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any other legal obligations, in each case, relating to the collection,
use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, disposal and disclosure by the Company of personal, personally identifiable, household,
sensitive, confidential or regulated data (“Data Security Obligations”, and such data, “Data”); (ii) the Company
has not received any notification of or complaint regarding and is unaware of any other facts that, individually or in the aggregate,
would reasonably indicate non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation; and (iii) there is no action, suit or proceeding by or before
any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or threatened alleging non-compliance with any Data Security Obligation nor
are there any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same.
(v) Data
Protection; No Breaches. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, the Company’s information technology assets and equipment,
computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases are adequate for, and operate and perform in all
material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the business of the Company as currently conducted, free and clear
of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants. The Company has taken commercially reasonable
efforts to protect the information technology systems and Data used in connection with the operation of the Company’s business.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Company has used reasonable efforts to establish and maintain reasonable information technology, information
security, cyber security and data protection controls, policies and procedures, including oversight, access controls, encryption, technological
and physical safeguards and business continuity/disaster recovery and security plans that are designed to protect against and prevent
breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise
or misuse of or relating to any information technology system or Data used in connection with the operation of the Company’s business
(“Breach”). There has been no such Breach, and the Company has not been notified of and has no knowledge of any event or condition
that would reasonably be expected to result in, any such Breach.
(w) Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such
amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited
to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able
to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may
be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(x) Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports and the sale of Shares hereunder, none of the officers or directors
of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently
a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal
property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer,
director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(y) Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, as amended that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the
Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries
maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance
with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s
general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable
intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such
disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules
and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company
and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date,
the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the
conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as
of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such
term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially
affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(z) Certain
Fees. Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will
be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker,
bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(aa) Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be
an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company
shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(bb) Registration
Rights. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration
under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(cc) Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken
no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under
the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. The
Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has
been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading
Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all
such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust
Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company
(or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
(dd) Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable
any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state
of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Investors as a result of the Investors and the Company fulfilling their obligations
or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of
the Shares and the Investors’ ownership of the Shares.
(ee) Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the date hereof, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company
of the proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that
will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities)
as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted
and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted
by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the
Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated
uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid.
The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts
of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe
that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from
the Closing Date.
(ff) Tax Status.
Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and
franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other
governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations
and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the
periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the
taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.
(gg) Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other
person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts,
entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign
or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii)
failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the
Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.
(hh) Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is dbbmckennnon. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm is a registered
public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act.
(ii) Regulation
M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale
or resale of any of the Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Shares,
or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company,
other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement of the Shares.
(jj) Cybersecurity.
(i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s information
technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers,
vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems and Data”)
and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably
be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are
presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems
and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and
maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous
operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster
recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.
(kk) Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with
the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common
Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company’s
stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice
to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public
announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
(ll) Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee
or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets
Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(mm) U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning
of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
(nn) Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,
as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal
Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or
Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to
regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(oo) Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable
financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable
money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or
any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(pp) Certificates.
Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Placement Agent or to counsel for the Placement Agent
shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to the Placement Agent as to the matters set forth therein.
(qq) Reliance.
The Company acknowledges that the Placement Agent will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and
warranties and hereby consents to such reliance.
(rr) Forward-Looking
Statements. No forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange
Act) contained in the Time of Sale Disclosure Package has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other
than in good faith.
(ss) Statistical
or Market-Related Data. Any statistical, industry-related and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Time
of Sale Disclosure Package, are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes to be reliable
and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.
(tt) FINRA
Affiliations. There are no affiliations with any FINRA member firm that is participating in the Offering among the Company’s
officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any five percent (5%) or greater stockholder of the Company.
Section 3. Delivery and
Payment. Each Closing shall occur at the offices of the Company, 730 Broadway, Redwood City,
California 94063 (or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Placement Agent and the Company). Subject to the terms
and conditions hereof, at each Closing payment of the purchase price for the Shares sold on such Closing Date shall be made by Federal
Funds wire transfer, against delivery of such Shares, and such Shares shall be registered in such name or names and shall be in such denominations,
as the Placement Agent may request at least one business day before the time of purchase (as defined below).
Deliveries of the documents
with respect to the purchase of the Shares, if any, shall be made at the offices of the Company. All actions taken at a Closing shall
be deemed to have occurred simultaneously.
Section 4. Covenants and
Agreements of the Company. The Company further covenants and agrees with the Placement Agent as follows:
(a) Registration
Statement Matters. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly after it receives notice thereof of the time when any amendment
to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Base Prospectus or the Final Prospectus has
been filed and will furnish the Placement Agent with copies thereof. The Company will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy
or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act subsequent to the date of any Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the Offering.
The Company will advise the Placement Agent, promptly after it receives notice thereof (i) of any request by the Commission to amend the
Registration Statement or to amend or supplement any Prospectus or for additional information, and (ii) of the issuance by the Commission
of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any order directed
at any Incorporated Document, if any, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any order preventing or suspending the use of the Base
Prospectus or the Final Prospectus or any prospectus supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the institution
or threatened institution of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing
of the Registration Statement or a Prospectus or for additional information. The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance
of any such stop order or prevention or suspension of such use. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order or order or notice
of prevention or suspension at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible
moment, or will file a new registration statement and use its best efforts to have such new registration statement declared effective
as soon as practicable. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A, 430B
and 430C, as applicable, under the Securities Act, including with respect to the timely filing of documents thereunder, and will use its
reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) are received in a timely manner by
the Commission.
(b) Blue
Sky Compliance. The Company will cooperate with the Placement Agent and the Investors in endeavoring to qualify the Shares for sale
under the securities laws of such jurisdictions (United States and foreign) as the Placement Agent and the Investors may reasonably request
and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided
the Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction
where it is not now so qualified or required to file such a consent, and provided further that the Company shall not be required to produce
any new disclosure document. The Company will, from time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents as are
or may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period as the Placement Agent may reasonably request for distribution
of the Shares. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any
such exemption relating to) the Shares for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding
for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company
shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.
(c) Amendments
and Supplements to a Prospectus and Other Matters. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and the rules
and regulations of the Commission thereunder, so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Shares as contemplated in this
Agreement, the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus. If during the period in which a prospectus is required by law to be delivered
in connection with the distribution of Shares contemplated by the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus (the “Prospectus Delivery
Period”), any event shall occur as a result of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the opinion of the Placement Agent
or counsel for the Placement Agent, it becomes necessary to amend or supplement the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus in order
to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if
it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Act any
Incorporated Document to comply with any law, the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, and furnish at its own expense
to the Placement Agent and to dealers, an appropriate amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Registration Statement,
the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus that is necessary in order to make the statements in the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus
as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or so
that the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus, as so amended or supplemented, will comply with law. Before
amending the Registration Statement or supplementing the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus in connection with the Offering, the
Company will furnish the Placement Agent with a copy of such proposed amendment or supplement and will not file any such amendment or
supplement to which the Placement Agent reasonably objects.
(d) Copies
of any Amendments and Supplements to a Prospectus. The Company will furnish the Placement Agent, without charge, during the period
beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the last Closing Date of the Offering, as many copies of any Prospectus or prospectus
supplement and any amendments and supplements thereto, as the Placement Agent may reasonably request.
(e) Transfer
Agent. The Company will maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.
(f) Earnings
Statement. As soon as practicable and in accordance with applicable requirements under the Securities Act, but in any event not later
than 18 months after the last Closing Date, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Placement Agent
an earnings statement, covering a period of at least 12 consecutive months beginning after the last Closing Date, that satisfies the provisions
of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 under the Securities Act, the filing of such earnings statement via the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis,
and Retrieval system shall satisfy the Company’s obligations under this Section 4(f).
(g) Periodic
Reporting Obligations. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will duly file, on a timely basis, with the Commission and
the Trading Market all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act within the time periods and in the manner required
by the Exchange Act.
(h) Additional
Documents. The Company will enter into any subscription, purchase or other customary agreements as the Placement Agent or the
Investors deem necessary or appropriate to consummate the Offering, all of which will be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to
the Placement Agent and the Investors. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent may rely upon, and each is a third party beneficiary
of, the representations and warranties, and applicable covenants, set forth in any such purchase, subscription or other agreement with
Investors in the Offering.
(i) No
Manipulation of Price. The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in,
or that has constituted or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities
of the Company.
(j) Acknowledgment.
The Company acknowledges that any advice given by the Placement Agent to the Company is solely for the benefit and use of the Board of
Directors of the Company and may not be used, reproduced, disseminated, quoted or referred to, without the Placement Agent's prior written
consent.
(k) Announcement
of Offering. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent may, subsequent to the Closing, make public its involvement
with the Offering.
(l) Reliance
on Others. The Company confirms that it will rely on its own counsel and accountants for legal and accounting advice.
(m) Research
Matters. By entering into this Agreement, the Placement Agent does not provide any promise,
either explicitly or implicitly, of favorable or continued research coverage of the Company and the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees
that the Placement Agent’s selection as a placement agent for the Offering was in no way conditioned, explicitly or implicitly,
on the Placement Agent providing favorable or any research coverage of the Company. In accordance with FINRA Rule 2711(e), the parties
acknowledge and agree that the Placement Agent has not directly or indirectly offered favorable research, a specific rating or a specific
price target, or threatened to change research, a rating or a price target, to the Company or inducement for the receipt of business or
compensation.
Section 5. Conditions
of the Obligations of the Placement Agent. The obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder shall be subject to the accuracy of the
representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 2 hereof, in each case as of the date hereof and as of
each Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by each of the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder
on and as of such dates, and to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Compliance
with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from the FINRA. Each Prospectus (in accordance with Rule 424(b)) shall
have been duly filed with the Commission, as appropriate; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or
any part thereof shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission;
no order preventing or suspending the use of any Prospectus shall have been issued and no proceeding for that purpose shall have been
initiated or threatened by the Commission; no order having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Shares or any other
securities of the Company shall have been issued by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange and no
proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or shall be pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities
commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange; all requests for additional information on the part of the Commission shall
have been complied with; and the FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the placement terms and arrangements.
(b) Corporate
Proceedings. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters in connection with this Agreement, the Registration Statement and each
Prospectus, and the registration, sale and delivery of the Shares, shall have been completed or resolved in a manner reasonably satisfactory
to the Placement Agent's counsel, and such counsel shall have been furnished with such papers and information as it may reasonably have
requested to enable such counsel to pass upon the matters referred to in this Section 5.
(c) No
Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date, in the Placement
Agent's sole judgment after consultation with the Company, there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Effect or any material adverse
change or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or the business activities, financial or otherwise,
of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus (“Material
Adverse Change”).
(d) Opinion
of Counsel for the Company. The Placement Agent shall have received on the Closing Date the favorable opinion of US legal counsel
to the Company, dated as of such Closing Date, including, without limitation, a negative assurance letter addressed to the Placement Agent
and in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent.
(e) Officers’
Certificate. The Placement Agent shall have received on the Closing Date a certificate of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date,
signed by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, to the effect that, and the Placement Agent shall be
satisfied that, the signers of such certificate have reviewed the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents, any prospectus supplement,
and this Agreement and to the further effect that:
(i) The
representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct, as if made on and as of such Closing Date, and the
Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to
such Closing Date;
(ii) No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of any Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings
for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened under the Securities Act; no order
having the effect of ceasing or suspending the distribution of the Shares or any other securities of the Company has been issued by any
securities commission, securities regulatory authority or stock exchange in the United States and no proceedings for that purpose have
been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any securities commission, securities regulatory authority
or stock exchange in the United States;
(iii) When
the Registration Statement became effective, at the time of sale, and at all times subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such certificate,
the Registration Statement and the Incorporated Documents, if any, when such documents became effective or were filed with the Commission,
and any Prospectus, contained all material information required to be included therein by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and
the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be, and in all material respects conformed to the requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, as the case may be,
and the Registration Statement and the Incorporated Documents, if any, and any Prospectus, did not and do not include any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided, however, that the preceding representations and warranties
contained in this paragraph (iii) shall not apply to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information
furnished in writing to the Company by the Placement Agent expressly for use therein); and
(iv) Subsequent
to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus,
there has not been: (a) any Material Adverse Change; (b) any transaction that is material to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as
a whole, except transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business; (c) any obligation, direct or contingent, that is material
to the Company and the Subsidiaries taken as a whole, incurred by the Company or any Subsidiary, except obligations incurred in the ordinary
course of business; (d) any material change in the capital stock (except changes thereto resulting from the exercise of outstanding stock
options or warrants) or outstanding indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary; (e) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared,
paid or made on the capital stock of the Company; or (f) any loss or damage (whether or not insured) to the property of the Company or
any Subsidiary which has been sustained or will have been sustained which has a Material Adverse Effect.
(f) Stock
Exchange Listing. The Common Stock shall be registered under the Exchange Act and shall be listed on the Trading Market, and the Company
shall not have taken any action designed to terminate, or likely to have the effect of terminating, the registration of the Common
Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Stock from the Trading Market, nor shall the Company have
received any information suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.
(g) Additional
Documents. On or before each Closing Date, the Placement Agent and counsel for the Placement Agent shall have received such information
and documents as they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Shares as contemplated
herein, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions
or agreements, herein contained.
If any condition specified
in this Section 5 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Placement Agent by notice
to the Company at any time on or prior to a Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any
other party, except that Section 6 (Payment of Expenses), Section 7 (Indemnification and Contribution) and Section 8 (Representations
and Indemnities to Survive Delivery) shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 6. Payment of
Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the performance of its
obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation: (i) all expenses incident
to the issuance, delivery and qualification of the Shares (including all printing and engraving costs); (ii) all fees and expenses of
the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock; (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the
issuance and sale of the Shares; (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel, independent public or certified public
accountants and other advisors; (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and
distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts),
the Base Prospectus, the Final Prospectus and each prospectus supplement, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement;
(vi) all filing fees, reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Placement Agent in connection with
qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Shares for offer
and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the securities laws of any other country, and, if requested by the Placement Agent,
preparing and printing a “Blue Sky Survey,” an “International Blue Sky Survey” or other memorandum,
and any supplements thereto, advising the Placement Agent of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions (with any such fees of
Placement Agent counsel incurred pursuant to this Section 6(vi) being included in the up to $50,000 in fees that are reimbursable pursuant
to Section 1(a)(ii)); (vii) if applicable, the filing fees incident to the review and approval by the FINRA of the Placement Agent's participation
in the offering and distribution of the Shares; (viii) the fees and expenses associated with listing the Shares on the Trading Market;
(ix) all costs and expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Company’s and the Placement Agent's employees on the
“roadshow,” if any; and (x) all other fees, costs and expenses referred to in Part II of the Registration Statement.
Section 7. Indemnification
and Contribution.
(a) The Company
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each person controlling the Placement Agent (within the
meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act), and the directors, officers, agents and employees of the Placement Agent, its affiliates
and each such controlling person (the Placement Agent, and each such entity or person. an “Indemnified Person”) from
and against any losses, claims, damages, judgments, assessments, costs and other liabilities (collectively, the “Liabilities”),
and shall reimburse each Indemnified Person for all fees and expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of one counsel for all
Indemnified Persons, except as otherwise expressly provided herein) (collectively, the “Expenses”) as they are incurred
by an Indemnified Person in investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Actions, whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party
thereto, caused by, or arising out of or in connection with, any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained
in the Registration Statement, any Incorporated Document, or any Prospectus or by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (other
than untrue statements or alleged untrue statements in, or omissions or alleged omissions from, information relating to an Indemnified
Person furnished in writing by or on behalf of such Indemnified Person expressly for use in the Incorporated Documents) or (ii) otherwise
arising out of or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Indemnified Person pursuant to this Agreement,
the transactions contemplated thereby or any Indemnified Person's actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services or
transactions; provided, however, that, in the case of clause (ii) only, the Company shall not be responsible for any Liabilities
or Expenses of any Indemnified Person that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely from such Indemnified Person's (x)
gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct in connection with any of the advice, actions, inactions or services referred to above
or (y) use of any offering materials or information concerning the Company in connection with the offer or sale of the Shares in the Offering
which were not authorized for such use by the Company and which use constitutes gross negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct. The
Company also agrees to reimburse each Indemnified Person for all Expenses as they are incurred in connection with enforcing such Indemnified
Person's rights under this Agreement.
(b) Upon
receipt by an Indemnified Person of actual notice of an Action against such Indemnified Person with respect to which indemnity may be
sought under this Agreement, such Indemnified Person shall promptly notify the Company in writing; provided that failure by any Indemnified
Person so to notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any liability which the Company may have on account of this indemnity
or otherwise to such Indemnified Person, except to the extent the Company shall have been prejudiced by such failure. The Company shall,
if requested by the Placement Agent, assume the defense of any such Action including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory
to the Placement Agent, which counsel may also be counsel to the Company. Any Indemnified Person shall have the right to employ separate
counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of
such Indemnified Person unless: (i) the Company has failed promptly to assume the defense and employ counsel or (ii) the named parties
to any such Action (including any impeded parties) include such Indemnified Person and the Company, and such Indemnified Person shall
have been advised in the reasonable opinion of counsel that there is an actual conflict of interest that prevents the counsel selected
by the Company from representing both the Company (or another client of such counsel) and any Indemnified Person; provided that the Company
shall not in such event be responsible hereunder for the fees and expenses of more than one firm of separate counsel for all Indemnified
Persons in connection with any Action or related Actions, in addition to any local counsel. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement
of any Action effected without its written consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld). In addition, the Company shall not, without
the prior written consent of the Placement Agent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld), settle, compromise or consent to the entry
of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened Action in respect of which indemnification or contribution
may be sought hereunder (whether or not such Indemnified Person is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination
includes an unconditional release of each Indemnified Person from all Liabilities arising out of such Action for which indemnification
or contribution may be sought hereunder. The indemnification required hereby shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof
during the course of the investigation or defense, as such expense, loss, damage or liability is incurred and is due and payable.
(c) In
the event that the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to an Indemnified Person other than in accordance with this Agreement, the Company
shall contribute to the Liabilities and Expenses paid or payable by such Indemnified Person in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect
(i) the relative benefits to the Company, on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent and any other Indemnified Person, on the other hand,
of the matters contemplated by this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by the immediately preceding clause is not permitted
by applicable law, not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Placement Agent
and any other Indemnified Person, on the other hand, in connection with the matters as to which such Liabilities or Expenses relate, as
well as any other relevant equitable considerations; provided that in no event shall the Company contribute less than the amount necessary
to ensure that all Indemnified Persons, in the aggregate, are not liable for any Liabilities and Expenses in excess of the amount of fees
actually received by the Placement Agent pursuant to this Agreement. For purposes of this paragraph, the relative benefits to the Company,
on the one hand, and to the Placement Agent on the other hand, of the matters contemplated by this Agreement shall be deemed to be in
the same proportion as (a) the total value paid or contemplated to be paid to or received or contemplated to be received by the Company
in the transaction or transactions that are within the scope of this Agreement, whether or not any such transaction is consummated, bears
to (b) the fees paid to the Placement Agent under this Agreement. Notwithstanding the above, no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation
within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act, as amended, shall be entitled to contribution from a party who was not guilty
of fraudulent misrepresentation.
(d) The
Company also agrees that no Indemnified Person shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise)
to the Company for or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Indemnified Person pursuant to this Agreement,
the transactions contemplated thereby or any Indemnified Person's actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services or
transactions except for Liabilities (and related Expenses) of the Company that are finally judicially determined to have resulted solely
from such Indemnified Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with any such advice, actions, inactions or services.
(e) The
reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations of the Company set forth herein shall apply to any modification of this Agreement
and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any termination of, or the completion of any Indemnified Person's services under
or in connection with, this Agreement.
Section 8. Representations
and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the
Company or any person controlling the Company, of its officers, and of the Placement Agent set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement
will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Placement Agent, the Company, or any
of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and will survive delivery of and payment
for the Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement. A successor to a Placement Agent, or to the Company, its directors
or officers or any person controlling the Company, shall be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity, contribution and reimbursement
agreements contained in this Agreement.
Section 9. Notices.
All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or e-mailed and confirmed to the parties hereto as
follows:
If to the Placement Agent to the address set forth
above, attention: Michael Townley, email: mike.townley@lakestreetcm.com
With a copy to:
Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP
200 Wells Fargo Center
90 S. Seventh Street
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402
E-mail: Jonathan.zimmerman@faegredrinker.com
If to the Company:
Serve Robotics Inc.
730 Broadway
Redwood City, California 94063
Attention: Brian Read
Email: brian.read@serverobotics.com
With a copy to:
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP
222 Berkeley St., Suite 2000
Boston, MA 02116
Attn: Albert Vanderlaan
Email: avanderlaan@orrick.com
Any party hereto may change
the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.
Section 10. Successors.
This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and
directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 7 hereof, and to their respective successors, and personal representative, and
no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder.
Section 11. Partial Unenforceability.
The invalidity or unenforceability of any section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability
of any other section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined
to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to
make it valid and enforceable.
Section 12. Governing
Law Provisions. This Agreement shall be deemed to have been made and delivered in New York City and both this engagement letter and
the transactions contemplated hereby shall be governed as to validity, interpretation, construction, effect and in all other respects
by the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof. Each of the Placement Agent
and the Company: (i) agrees that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this engagement letter and/or the
transactions contemplated hereby shall be instituted exclusively in New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States
District Court for the Southern District of New York, (ii) waives any objection which it may have or hereafter to the venue of any such
suit, action or proceeding, and (iii) irrevocably consents to the jurisdiction of the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, and
the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in any such suit, action or proceeding. Each of the Placement Agent
and the Company further agrees to accept and acknowledge service of any and all process which may be served in any such suit, action or
proceeding in the New York Supreme Court, County of New York, or in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York and agrees that service of process upon the Company mailed by certified mail to the Company’s address shall be deemed in every
respect effective service of process upon the Company, in any such suit, action or proceeding, and service of process upon the Placement
Agent mailed by certified mail to the Placement Agent’s address shall be deemed in every respect effective service process upon
the Placement Agent, in any such suit, action or proceeding. Notwithstanding any provision of this engagement letter to the contrary,
the Company agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor its affiliates, and the respective officers, directors, employees, agents and
representatives of the Placement Agent, its affiliates and each other person, if any, controlling the Placement Agent or any of its affiliates,
shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company for or in connection with the engagement
and transaction described herein except for any such liability for losses, claims, damages or liabilities incurred by us that are finally
judicially determined to have resulted from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of such individuals or entities. If either party
shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provision of this Agreement, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding
shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorney’s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation,
preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
Section 13. General Provisions.
(a) This
Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous
oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more
counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same
instrument. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express
or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. Section headings herein are for
the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
(b) The
Company acknowledges that in connection with the offering of the Shares: (i) the Placement Agent has acted at arms length, are not agents
of, and owe no fiduciary duties to the Company or any other person, (ii) the Placement Agent owes the Company only those duties and obligations
set forth in this Agreement and (iii) the Placement Agent may have interests that differ from those of the Company. The Company waives
to the full extent permitted by applicable law any claims it may have against the Placement Agent arising from an alleged breach of fiduciary
duty in connection with the offering of the Shares.
[The remainder of this page has been intentionally
left blank.]
If the foregoing is in accordance
with your understanding of our agreement, please sign below whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become
a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
| |
Very truly yours, |
| |
|
| |
SERVE ROBOTICS INC., |
| |
a Delaware corporation |
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ Brian Read |
| |
|
Name: |
Brian Read |
| |
|
Title: |
Chief Financial Officer |
The foregoing Placement Agency
Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the date first above written.
NORTHLAND
SECURITIES, INC.
| By: |
/s/ Jeff Peterson |
|
| |
Name: |
Jeff Peterson |
|
| |
Title: |
Head of Investment Banking |
|
[Signature Page to Placement Agency Agreement]
Exhibit 99.1
Serve Robotics Announces $80 Million Registered Direct Offering
of Common Stock
SAN FRANCISCO, January 7, 2025 — Serve Robotics Inc. (“Serve”
or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: SERV), a leading autonomous sidewalk delivery company, announced today that the Company has entered
into securities purchase agreements with certain institutional investors for the purchase and sale of 4,210,525 shares of common stock,
pursuant to a registered direct offering, expected to result in gross proceeds of approximately $80.0 million, before deducting placement
agent fees and other offering expenses. The offering is expected to close on or about January 7, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of
customary closing conditions.
The Company intends to use net proceeds from the offering for general
corporate purposes, including working capital.
Northland Capital Markets is acting as the exclusive placement agent
for the transaction.
The offering is being made pursuant to an effective shelf registration
statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-282389), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)
on October 3, 2024. A final prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relating to the registered direct offering will be filed
with the SEC and will be available on the SEC’s website located at http://www.sec.gov. Additionally, when available, electronic copies
of the final prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be obtained, when available, from Northland Securities, Inc., 150
South Fifth Street, Suite 3300, Minneapolis, MN.
This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation
of an offer to buy any of the securities described herein, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction
in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such
state or jurisdiction.
About Serve Robotics
Serve Robotics develops advanced, AI-powered, low-emissions sidewalk
delivery robots that endeavor to make delivery sustainable and economical. Spun off from Uber in 2021 as an independent company, Serve
has completed tens of thousands of deliveries for enterprise partners such as Uber Eats and 7-Eleven. Serve has scalable multi-year contracts,
including a signed agreement to deploy up to 2,000 delivery robots on the Uber Eats platform across multiple U.S. markets.
For further information about Serve Robotics (Nasdaq: SERV), please
visit www.serverobotics.com or follow us on social media via X (Twitter), Instagram, or LinkedIn @serverobotics.
Safe Harbor Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Serve intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor
provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements can be about
future events, including statements regarding Serve’s intentions, objectives, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future
events, including Serve’s expectations with respect to the financial and operating performance of its business, its capital position,
and future growth. The words “anticipate”, “believe”, “expect”, “project”, “predict”,
“will”, “forecast”, “estimate”, “likely”, “intend”, “outlook”, “should”,
“could”, “may”, “target”, “plan” and other similar expressions can generally be used to identify
forward-looking statements. Indications of, and guidance or outlook on, future earnings or financial position or performance are also
forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management’s current expectations of future
events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from
those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Risks that contribute to the uncertain nature of the forward-looking
statements include those risks and uncertainties set forth in Serve’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023,
filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in its subsequent filings filed with the SEC.
All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made. Serve undertakes no
obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made.
Contacts
Media
Aduke Thelwell
Head of Communications and Investor Relations
Serve Robotics
press@serverobotics.com
Investors
investor.relations@serverobotics.com
66
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