BAIN CAPITAL SPECIALTY FINANCE, INC.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Warrants
Subscription Rights
Debt Securities
Units
We are an externally managed specialty finance company focused on lending to middle market companies that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”), under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the “1940 Act”). Our primary focus is capitalizing on opportunities within our Senior Direct Lending strategy, which seeks to provide risk-adjusted returns and current income to our stockholders by investing primarily in middle market direct lending opportunities across North America, Europe and Australia and also in other geographic markets. We use the term “middle market” to refer to companies with between $10.0 million and $150.0 million in annual earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We focus on senior investments with a first or second lien on collateral and strong structures and documentation intended to protect the lender. We may also invest in mezzanine debt and other junior securities, including common and preferred equity, and in secondary purchases of assets or portfolios, on an opportunistic basis, but such investments are not the principal focus of our investment strategy.
We are managed by our investment adviser, BCSF Advisors, LP, a subsidiary of Bain Capital Credit, LP (the “Advisor”).
We may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings, together or separately, an indefinite amount of our common stock, preferred stock, warrants representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, debt securities, subscription rights representing rights to purchase shares of our common stock or units which we refer to, collectively, as the “securities.” The securities may be offered at prices and on terms to be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus.
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BCSF.” The last reported closing price for our common stock on June 24, 2022 was $13.77 per share. The net asset value (“NAV”) of our common stock as of March 31, 2022 (the last date prior to the date of this prospectus as of which we determined NAV) was $17.22 per share. This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement contain important information you should know before investing in our securities. We will provide the specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update, or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read and retain for future reference this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, and any related free writing prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference, before buying any of the securities being offered. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which we incorporate by reference herein. See “Incorporation by Reference.” This information will be available by written or oral request and free of charge by contacting us at Bain Capital Specialty Finance, Inc., 200 Clarendon Street, 37th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, Attention: Investor Relations, on our website at http://www.baincapitalbdc.com, or by calling us collect at (617) 516-2350. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider that information to be a part of this prospectus. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains this information.
Shares of closed-end investment companies that are listed on an exchange, including BDCs, frequently trade at a discount to their NAV per share. If our shares trade at a discount to our NAV, it may increase the risk of loss for purchasers in this offering.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk, including credit risk and the risk of the use of leverage, and is highly speculative. The securities in which we invest will generally not be rated by any rating agency, and if they were rated, they would be below investment grade. These securities, which may be referred to as “junk bonds,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Before buying any securities, you should read the discussion of the material risks of investing in our securities in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 20 of this prospectus.
The date of this prospectus is June 30, 2022.
rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, for each class or series. Thus, the Board could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. Stockholders should note, however, that any issuance of preferred stock will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (1) immediately after issuance and before any dividend or other distribution is made with respect to our common stock and before any purchase of common stock is made, such preferred stock together with all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of our total assets (or 662/3% if certain disclosure and approval requirements are met) after deducting the amount of such dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be, and (2) the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if dividends on such preferred stock are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding preferred stock. For example, holders of preferred stock would be entitled to vote separately from the holders of common stock on a proposal to cease operations as a BDC. We believe that the availability for issuance of preferred stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring future financings and acquisitions. However, we do not currently intend to issue preferred stock during the next 12 months. The issuance of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could adversely affect our common stock by making an investment in the common stock less attractive.
Provisions of the DGCL and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses
The indemnification of our officers and directors is governed by Section 145 of the DGCL, our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws. Section 145(a) of the DGCL empowers a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if (1) such person acted in good faith, (2) in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and (3) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful.
Section 145(b) of the DGCL empowers a Delaware corporation to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of such corporation, and except that no indemnification may be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person has been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought determines upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court deems proper.
Section 145 of the DGCL further provides that to the extent that a present or former director or officer is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections
62
N-2 - USD ($) $ in Billions |
Jan. 31, 2025 |
Sep. 30, 2024 |
Cover [Abstract] |
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Entity Central Index Key |
0001655050
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Amendment Flag |
false
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Document Type |
424B2
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Entity Registrant Name |
BAIN CAPITAL SPECIALTY FINANCE, INC.
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General Description of Registrant [Abstract] |
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Risk Factors [Table Text Block] |
You should carefully consider the risk factors described below, and in the section titled “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and the risks discussed in the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, the section titled “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” which are incorporated by reference herein, in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference herein, and any subsequent filings we have made with the SEC that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, the accompanying prospectus supplement and any documents incorporated by reference herein, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before you decide whether to make an investment in our securities. The risks set out below and described in such documents are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. Each of the risk factors could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In such case, our net asset value and the value of our debt securities may decline, and investors may lose all or part of their investment. Risks Related to the Notes The Notes are unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we may incur. The Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries. As a result, the Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have outstanding as of the date of this prospectus supplement or that our subsidiaries may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured in respect of which we subsequently grant security) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and the secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes. As of September 30, 2024, our total consolidated indebtedness was approximately $1.3 billion, approximately $0.7 billion of which was secured indebtedness, approximately $0.4 billion of which was indebtedness of our consolidated subsidiaries and approximately $0.6 billion was our direct unsecured indebtedness. The Notes are subordinated structurally to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. The Notes are obligations exclusively of the Company, and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our subsidiaries is a guarantor of the Notes and the Notes are not required to be guaranteed by any subsidiaries we may acquire or create in the future. As of September 30, 2024, approximately $0.4 billion of the indebtedness required to be consolidated on our balance sheet was held through subsidiary financing vehicles and secured by certain assets of such subsidiaries. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of creditors, including trade creditors, and holders of preferred stock, if any, of our subsidiaries will have priority over our claims (and therefore the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes) with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries. Even if we were recognized as a creditor of one or more of our subsidiaries, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such subsidiary and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such subsidiary senior to our claims. Consequently, the Notes are subordinated structurally to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any of our subsidiaries and any subsidiaries that we may in the future acquire or establish as financing vehicles or otherwise. All of the existing indebtedness of our subsidiaries is structurally senior to the Notes. In addition, our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, all of which would be structurally senior to the Notes. Our amount of debt outstanding may increase as a result of this offering. Our current indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. The use of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:
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making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under the Notes and our other outstanding debt; |
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resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in our financing arrangements, which event of default could result in substantially all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable; |
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reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund investments, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes; |
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subjecting us to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases on our indebtedness with variable interest rates, including borrowings under our financing arrangements; and |
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limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industry in which we operate and the general economy. | Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our financing arrangements depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our financing arrangements or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, including the Notes, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of a credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly. Our credit ratings are an assessment by rating agencies of our ability to pay our debts when due. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of the Notes. These credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of risks relating to the structure or marketing of the Notes. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. Neither we nor any underwriter undertakes any obligation to maintain our credit ratings or to advise holders of the Notes of any changes in our credit ratings. The Notes are rated by Moody’s and Fitch. There can be no assurance that their respective credit ratings will remain for any given period of time or that such credit ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by either Moody’s or Fitch if in their respective judgments future circumstances relating to the basis of the credit rating, such as adverse changes in our business, financial condition and results of operations, so warrant. An increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the market value of the Notes. The condition of the financial markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future, which could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the Notes. In general, as market interest rates rise, debt securities bearing interest at fixed rates of interest decline in value. Consequently, if you purchase Notes bearing interest at fixed rates and market interest rates increase, the market values of those Notes may decline. We cannot predict the future level of market interest rates. The indenture governing the Notes contains limited protection for holders of the Notes. The indenture governing the Notes offers limited protection to holders of the Notes. The terms of the indenture and the Notes do not restrict our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions, circumstances or events that could have an adverse impact on your investment in the Notes. In particular, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not place any restrictions on our or our subsidiaries’ ability to:
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issue securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including (1) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be equal in right of payment to the Notes, (2) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Notes to the extent of the values of the assets securing such debt, (3) indebtedness of ours that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries and which therefore is structurally senior to the Notes and (4) securities, indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries that would be senior to our equity interests in our subsidiaries and therefore rank structurally senior to the Notes with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries, in each case other than an incurrence of indebtedness or other obligation that would cause a violation of Section 18(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act as modified by Section 61(a)(1) and (2) of the 1940 Act or any successor provisions, as such obligations may be amended or superseded, giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC; |
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pay dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respect of, capital stock or other securities ranking junior in right of payment to the Notes; |
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sell assets (other than certain limited restrictions on our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets); |
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enter into transactions with affiliates; |
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create liens (including liens on the shares of our subsidiaries) or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; |
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create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries. | In addition, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not protect holders of the Notes in the event that we experience changes (including significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, as they do not require that we or our subsidiaries adhere to any financial tests or ratios or specified levels of net worth, revenues, income, cash flow or liquidity other than as described under “Description of the Notes — Events of Default” in this prospectus supplement. Our ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt and take a number of other actions are not limited by the terms of the Notes and may have important consequences for you as a holder of the Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Notes. Other debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indenture and the Notes, including additional covenants and events of default. See “Risk Factors — Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leverage fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. The issuance or incurrence of any such debt with incremental protections could affect the market for and trading levels and prices of the Notes. The optional redemption provision may materially adversely affect your return on the Notes. The Notes are redeemable in whole or in part upon certain conditions at any time or from time to time at our option. We may choose to redeem the Notes at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on the Notes. In this circumstance, you may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the Notes being redeemed. There is currently no public market for the Notes. If an active trading market for the Notes does not develop or is not maintained, you may not be able to sell them. The Notes are a new issue of debt securities for which there currently is no trading market. We do not currently intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any securities exchange or for quotation of the Notes on any automated dealer quotation system. If no active trading market develops, you may not be able to resell your Notes at their fair market value or at all. If the Notes are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities, our credit ratings, general economic conditions, our financial condition, performance and prospects and other factors. The underwriters have advised us that they intend to make a market in the Notes, but they are not obligated to do so. The underwriters may discontinue any market-making in the Notes at any time at their sole discretion. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that an active and liquid trading market will develop or continue for the Notes, that you will be able to sell your Notes at a particular time or that the price you receive when you sell will be favorable. To the extent an active trading market does not develop, the liquidity and trading price for the Notes may be harmed. Accordingly, you may be required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Notes for an indefinite period of time. We may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event. We may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event because we may not have sufficient funds. Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event, holders of the Notes may require us to repurchase for cash some or all of the Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes being repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. Our failure to purchase such tendered Notes upon the occurrence of such Change of Control Repurchase Event would cause an event of default under the indenture governing the Notes and a cross-default under the agreements governing certain of our other indebtedness, which may result in the acceleration of such indebtedness requiring us to repay that indebtedness immediately. Our and our subsidiaries’ current and future financing facilities may contain similar restrictions and provisions. If a Change of Control Repurchase Event were to occur, we may not have sufficient funds to repay any such accelerated indebtedness. See “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” in this prospectus supplement for additional information.
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Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] |
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Capital Stock [Table Text Block] |
The following table sets forth our cash and capitalization as of September 30, 2024:
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(1) |
on an actual basis; and |
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(2) |
on an as adjusted basis giving effect to the offering of the Notes and th e application of net proceeds from this offering as described in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Use of Proceeds.” | You should read this table together with “Use of Proceeds” set forth in this prospectus supplement and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Dollar amounts are presented in thousands, except share data.
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As Adjusted for this Offering |
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Investments, at fair value |
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Non-controlled/non-affiliate investments (amortized cost of $1,759,021) |
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$ |
1,754,245 |
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$ |
1,754,245 |
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Non-controlled/affiliate investment (amortized cost of $75,517) |
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|
80,035 |
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|
80,035 |
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Controlled affiliate investment (amortized cost of $578,475) |
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573,670 |
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573,670 |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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25,336 |
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367,613 |
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Foreign cash (cost of $4,657) |
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5,125 |
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5,125 |
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Restricted cash and cash equivalents |
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29,292 |
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29,292 |
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Collateral on forward currency exchange contracts |
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9,675 |
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9,675 |
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Deferred financing costs |
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4,855 |
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4,855 |
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Interest receivable on investments |
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34,520 |
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34,520 |
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Receivable for sales and paydowns of investments |
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17,873 |
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17,873 |
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Prepaid Insurance |
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383 |
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383 |
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Dividend receivable |
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8,673 |
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8,673 |
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Total Assets |
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$ |
2,543,682 |
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2,885,959 |
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Debt (net of unamortized debt issuance costs of $5,592) (1) |
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$ |
1,300,607 |
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$ |
1,300,607 |
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Interest payable |
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|
13,170 |
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13,170 |
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Payable for investments purchased |
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17,280 |
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17,280 |
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Unrealized depreciation on forward currency exchange contracts |
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|
6,549 |
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6,549 |
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Base management fee payable |
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|
8,897 |
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8,897 |
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Incentive fee payable |
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|
7,020 |
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7,020 |
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Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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|
14,518 |
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14,518 |
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Distributions payable |
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29,053 |
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29,053 |
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Notes offered hereby |
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— |
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350,000 |
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Offered issuance costs — Notes offered hereby |
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— |
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|
(7,723 |
) |
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Total Liabilities |
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$ |
1,397,094 |
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$ |
1,739,371 |
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As Adjusted for this Offering |
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Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 100,000,000,000 shares authorized, 64,562,265 shares issued and outstanding |
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$ |
65 |
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$ |
65 |
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Paid in capital in excess of par value |
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1,165,191 |
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1,165,191 |
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Total distributable earnings (loss) |
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(18,668 |
) |
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(18,668 |
) |
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Total net assets |
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1,146,588 |
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|
1,146,588 |
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|
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Total Liabilities and Total Net Assets |
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$ |
2,543,682 |
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$ |
2,885,959 |
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(1) |
The above table reflects the principal amount of indebtedness outstanding as of September 30, 2024. As of January 17, 2025, we had approximately $1.4 billion principal amount of indebtedness outstanding. This table has not been adjusted to reflect the changes in our outstanding borrowings. The net proceeds from this offering are expected to be used to pay down outstanding secured indebtedness and for general corporate purposes. We may reborrow under our credit facility for general corporate purposes, which include investing in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective. See “Use of Proceeds.” |
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Long Term Debt, Title [Text Block] |
We are offering for sale $350,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of 5.950% Notes due 2030, which we refer to as the Notes. The Notes will mature on March 15, 2030. We will pay interest on the Notes semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2025. We may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time, at the applicable redemption price discussed under the caption “Specific Terms of the Notes and the Offering — Optional Redemption” in this prospectus supplement. In addition, holders of the Notes can require us to repurchase some or all of the Notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date upon the occurrence of a Change of Control Repurchase Event (as defined herein). The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of $2,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess thereof.
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Long Term Debt, Principal |
$ 1.4
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Long Term Debt, Dividends and Covenants [Text Block] |
In addition to the covenants described in the base indenture, the following covenants shall apply to the Notes. To the extent of any conflict or inconsistency between the base indenture and the following covenants, the following covenants shall govern: Merger, Consolidation or Sale of Assets The indenture will provide that we will not merge or consolidate with or into any other person (other than a merger of a wholly owned subsidiary into us), or sell, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all our property ( that, for the avoidance of doubt, a pledge of assets pursuant to any secured debt instrument of the Company or its Controlled Subsidiaries shall not be deemed to be any such sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or disposition) in any one transaction or series of related transactions unless:
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we are the surviving person, or the Surviving Person, or the Surviving Person (if other than us) formed by such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or disposition is made shall be a corporation or limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof; |
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the Surviving Person (if other than us) expressly assumes, by supplemental indenture in form reasonably satisfactory to the trustee, executed and delivered to the trustee by such Surviving Person, the due and punctual payment of the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest on, all the Notes outstanding, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of the indenture to be performed by us; |
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immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of related transactions, no default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; and |
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we shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the trustee, an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such transaction and the supplemental indenture, if any, in respect thereto, comply with this covenant and that all conditions precedent in the indenture relating to such transaction have been complied with. | For the purposes of this covenant, the sale, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all the property of one or more of our subsidiaries, which property, if held by us instead of such subsidiaries, would constitute all or substantially all of our property on a consolidated basis, shall be deemed to be the transfer of all or substantially all of our property. Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “substantially all,” there is no precise established definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve “all or substantially all” of the properties or assets of a person. As a result, it may be unclear as to whether the merger, consolidation or sale of assets covenant would apply to a particular transaction as described above absent a decision by a court of competent jurisdiction. Although these types of transactions may be permitted under the indenture, certain of the foregoing transactions could constitute a Change of Control that results in a Change of Control Repurchase Event permitting each holder to require us to repurchase the Notes of such holder as described above. An assumption by any person of obligations under the Notes and the indenture might be deemed for U.S. federal income tax purposes to be an exchange of the Notes for new Notes by the holders thereof, resulting in recognition of gain or loss for such purposes and possibly other adverse tax consequences to the holders. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of such an assumption.
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We agree that for the period of time during which the Notes are outstanding, we will not violate, whether or not we are subject to, Section 18(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act as modified by Section 61(a)(1) and (2) of the 1940 Act or any successor provisions, as such obligations may be amended or superseded, giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC. |
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If, at any time, we are not subject to the reporting requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act to file any periodic reports with the SEC, we agree to furnish to holders of the Notes and the trustee, for the period of time during which the Notes are outstanding, our audited annual consolidated financial statements, within 90 days of our fiscal year end, and unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, within 45 days of our fiscal quarter end (other than our fourth fiscal quarter). All such financial statements will be prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with GAAP, as applicable. |
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Risks Related to the Notes [Member] |
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General Description of Registrant [Abstract] |
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Risk [Text Block] |
Risks Related to the Notes The Notes are unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we may incur. The Notes are not secured by any of our assets or any of the assets of our subsidiaries. As a result, the Notes are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we or our subsidiaries have outstanding as of the date of this prospectus supplement or that our subsidiaries may incur in the future (or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured in respect of which we subsequently grant security) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness and the secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes. As of September 30, 2024, our total consolidated indebtedness was approximately $1.3 billion, approximately $0.7 billion of which was secured indebtedness, approximately $0.4 billion of which was indebtedness of our consolidated subsidiaries and approximately $0.6 billion was our direct unsecured indebtedness. The Notes are subordinated structurally to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. The Notes are obligations exclusively of the Company, and not of any of our subsidiaries. None of our subsidiaries is a guarantor of the Notes and the Notes are not required to be guaranteed by any subsidiaries we may acquire or create in the future. As of September 30, 2024, approximately $0.4 billion of the indebtedness required to be consolidated on our balance sheet was held through subsidiary financing vehicles and secured by certain assets of such subsidiaries. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of creditors, including trade creditors, and holders of preferred stock, if any, of our subsidiaries will have priority over our claims (and therefore the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes) with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries. Even if we were recognized as a creditor of one or more of our subsidiaries, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such subsidiary and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such subsidiary senior to our claims. Consequently, the Notes are subordinated structurally to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any of our subsidiaries and any subsidiaries that we may in the future acquire or establish as financing vehicles or otherwise. All of the existing indebtedness of our subsidiaries is structurally senior to the Notes. In addition, our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, all of which would be structurally senior to the Notes. Our amount of debt outstanding may increase as a result of this offering. Our current indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. The use of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:
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making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under the Notes and our other outstanding debt; |
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resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in our financing arrangements, which event of default could result in substantially all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable; |
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reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund investments, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes; |
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subjecting us to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases on our indebtedness with variable interest rates, including borrowings under our financing arrangements; and |
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limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industry in which we operate and the general economy. | Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our financing arrangements depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our financing arrangements or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, including the Notes, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under the Notes and our other debt. A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of a credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly. Our credit ratings are an assessment by rating agencies of our ability to pay our debts when due. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of the Notes. These credit ratings may not reflect the potential impact of risks relating to the structure or marketing of the Notes. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. Neither we nor any underwriter undertakes any obligation to maintain our credit ratings or to advise holders of the Notes of any changes in our credit ratings. The Notes are rated by Moody’s and Fitch. There can be no assurance that their respective credit ratings will remain for any given period of time or that such credit ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by either Moody’s or Fitch if in their respective judgments future circumstances relating to the basis of the credit rating, such as adverse changes in our business, financial condition and results of operations, so warrant. An increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the market value of the Notes. The condition of the financial markets and prevailing interest rates have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future, which could have an adverse effect on the market prices of the Notes. In general, as market interest rates rise, debt securities bearing interest at fixed rates of interest decline in value. Consequently, if you purchase Notes bearing interest at fixed rates and market interest rates increase, the market values of those Notes may decline. We cannot predict the future level of market interest rates. The indenture governing the Notes contains limited protection for holders of the Notes. The indenture governing the Notes offers limited protection to holders of the Notes. The terms of the indenture and the Notes do not restrict our or any of our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions, circumstances or events that could have an adverse impact on your investment in the Notes. In particular, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not place any restrictions on our or our subsidiaries’ ability to:
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issue securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including (1) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be equal in right of payment to the Notes, (2) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Notes to the extent of the values of the assets securing such debt, (3) indebtedness of ours that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries and which therefore is structurally senior to the Notes and (4) securities, indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries that would be senior to our equity interests in our subsidiaries and therefore rank structurally senior to the Notes with respect to the assets of our subsidiaries, in each case other than an incurrence of indebtedness or other obligation that would cause a violation of Section 18(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act as modified by Section 61(a)(1) and (2) of the 1940 Act or any successor provisions, as such obligations may be amended or superseded, giving effect to any exemptive relief granted to us by the SEC; |
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pay dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respect of, capital stock or other securities ranking junior in right of payment to the Notes; |
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sell assets (other than certain limited restrictions on our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets); |
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enter into transactions with affiliates; |
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create liens (including liens on the shares of our subsidiaries) or enter into sale and leaseback transactions; |
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create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries. | In addition, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not protect holders of the Notes in the event that we experience changes (including significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, as they do not require that we or our subsidiaries adhere to any financial tests or ratios or specified levels of net worth, revenues, income, cash flow or liquidity other than as described under “Description of the Notes — Events of Default” in this prospectus supplement. Our ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt and take a number of other actions are not limited by the terms of the Notes and may have important consequences for you as a holder of the Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Notes. Other debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indenture and the Notes, including additional covenants and events of default. See “Risk Factors — Our strategy involves a high degree of leverage. We intend to continue to finance our investments with borrowed money, which will magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing in us. The risks of investment in a highly leverage fund include volatility and possible distribution restrictions.” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. The issuance or incurrence of any such debt with incremental protections could affect the market for and trading levels and prices of the Notes. The optional redemption provision may materially adversely affect your return on the Notes. The Notes are redeemable in whole or in part upon certain conditions at any time or from time to time at our option. We may choose to redeem the Notes at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on the Notes. In this circumstance, you may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the Notes being redeemed. There is currently no public market for the Notes. If an active trading market for the Notes does not develop or is not maintained, you may not be able to sell them. The Notes are a new issue of debt securities for which there currently is no trading market. We do not currently intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any securities exchange or for quotation of the Notes on any automated dealer quotation system. If no active trading market develops, you may not be able to resell your Notes at their fair market value or at all. If the Notes are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities, our credit ratings, general economic conditions, our financial condition, performance and prospects and other factors. The underwriters have advised us that they intend to make a market in the Notes, but they are not obligated to do so. The underwriters may discontinue any market-making in the Notes at any time at their sole discretion. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that an active and liquid trading market will develop or continue for the Notes, that you will be able to sell your Notes at a particular time or that the price you receive when you sell will be favorable. To the extent an active trading market does not develop, the liquidity and trading price for the Notes may be harmed. Accordingly, you may be required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Notes for an indefinite period of time. We may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event. We may not be able to repurchase the Notes upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event because we may not have sufficient funds. Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event, holders of the Notes may require us to repurchase for cash some or all of the Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes being repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the repurchase date. Our failure to purchase such tendered Notes upon the occurrence of such Change of Control Repurchase Event would cause an event of default under the indenture governing the Notes and a cross-default under the agreements governing certain of our other indebtedness, which may result in the acceleration of such indebtedness requiring us to repay that indebtedness immediately. Our and our subsidiaries’ current and future financing facilities may contain similar restrictions and provisions. If a Change of Control Repurchase Event were to occur, we may not have sufficient funds to repay any such accelerated indebtedness. See “Description of the Notes — Offer to Repurchase Upon a Change of Control Repurchase Event” in this prospectus supplement for additional information.
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Common Shares [Member] |
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Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] |
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Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] |
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Common stock
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Outstanding Security, Authorized [Shares] |
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100,000,000,000
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Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] |
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64,562,265
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