SCUSA’s internal pricing models arises from requests from and arrangements made by BNS and the Agents. As described above, SCUSA and its affiliates intend, but are not required, to make a market for the Notes and may stop making a market at any time. SCUSA reflects this temporary positive differential on its customer account statements. Investors should inquire as to the valuation provided on customer account statements provided by unaffiliated dealers, including UBS.
SCUSA’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally BNS’ internal funding rate, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility of the underlying assets, correlation of the underlying assets, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the Notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your Notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of the Notes determined by reference to SCUSA’s models, taking into account BNS’ internal funding rate, due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. If SCUSA calculated its estimated value of the Notes by reference to BNS’ credit spreads or the borrowing rate BNS would pay for its conventional fixed-rate debt securities (as opposed to BNS’ internal funding rate), the price at which SCUSA would buy or sell the Notes (if SCUSA makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) could be significantly lower.
In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of the Notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If SCUSA makes a market in the Notes, the price quoted by SCUSA would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in BNS’ creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness. These changes may adversely affect the value of the Notes, including the price you may receive for the Notes in any market making transaction. To the extent that SCUSA makes a market in the Notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to SCUSA’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus SCUSA’s then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above). Furthermore, if you sell your Notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your Notes in a secondary market sale.
♦The price of the Notes prior to maturity will depend on a number of factors and may be substantially less than the principal amount — Because structured notes, including the Notes, can be thought of as having a debt component and a derivative component, factors that influence the values of debt instruments and options and other derivatives will also affect the terms and features of the Notes at issuance and the market price of the Notes prior to maturity. Some of these factors include, but are not limited to: (i) actual or anticipated changes in the levels of the underlying assets over the full term of the Notes, (ii) volatility of the levels of the underlying assets and their respective underlying constituents and the market's perception of future volatility of the foregoing, (iii) the correlation of the underlying assets and the market’s perception of future correlation of the underlying assets, (iv) changes in interest rates generally, (v) any actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads, (vi) dividend yields on the underlying constituents and (vii) time remaining to maturity. In particular, because the provisions of the Notes relating to the contingent coupons and the payment at maturity behave like options, the value of the Notes will vary in ways which are non-linear and may not be intuitive.
Depending on the actual or anticipated levels of the underlying assets and other relevant factors, the market value of the Notes may decrease and you may receive substantially less than the principal amount if you sell your Notes prior to maturity regardless of the levels of the underlying assets at such time.
Risks Relating to Hedging Activities and Conflicts of Interest
♦Hedging activities by BNS and UBS may negatively impact investors in the Notes and cause our respective interests and those of our clients and counterparties to be contrary to those of investors in the Notes — We, or one of our affiliates, and UBS, or one of its affiliates, have hedged or will hedge our obligations under the Notes. Such hedging transactions may include entering into swap or similar agreements, purchasing shares of the underlying constituents and/or purchasing futures, options and/or other instruments linked to one or more underlying assets and/or the underlying constituents. We, UBS or one or more of our or their respective affiliates also expects to adjust the hedge by, among other things, purchasing or selling any of the foregoing, and perhaps other instruments linked to one or more underlying assets and/or one or more of the underlying constituents, at any time and from time to time, and to unwind the hedge by selling any of the foregoing on or before the final valuation date. We, UBS or one or more of our or their respective affiliates may also enter into, adjust and unwind hedging transactions relating to other basket- or index-linked Notes whose returns are linked to changes in the levels of one or more underlying assets and/or underlying constituents. Any of these hedging activities may adversely affect the levels of such underlying assets—directly or indirectly by affecting the price of their underlying constituents — and therefore the market value of the Notes and the amount you will receive, if any, on the Notes.
Because UBS, or one of its affiliates, is to conduct hedging activities for us in connection with the Notes, UBS, or its affiliate may profit in connection with such hedging activities. Such profit, if any, will be in addition to the compensation that UBS, or its affiliate, receives for the sale of the Notes to you. You should be aware that the potential to earn fees in connection with hedging activities may create a further incentive for UBS to sell the Notes to you in addition to the compensation they would receive for the sale of the Notes.
You should expect that these transactions will cause BNS and UBS or our or their respective affiliates, or our or their respective clients or counterparties, to have economic interests and incentives that do not align with, and that may be directly contrary to, those of an investor in the Notes. None of BNS, UBS or any of our or their respective affiliates will have any obligation to take, refrain from taking or cease taking any action with respect to these transactions based on the potential effect on an investor in the Notes, and any of the foregoing may receive substantial returns with respect to these hedging activities while the market value of, and return on, the Notes declines.
♦We, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates regularly provide services to, or otherwise have business relationships with, a broad client base, which has included and may include us and the underlying constituent issuers and the market activities by us, the Agents or our or their respective affiliates for our or their own respective accounts or for our or their respective clients could negatively impact investors in the Notes — We, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates regularly provide a wide range of financial services, including financial advisory, investment advisory and transactional services to a substantial and diversified client base. As such, we each may act as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, investment advisor, market maker, trader, prime broker or lender. In those and other capacities, we, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments, actively trade securities (including the Notes or other securities that we have issued), the underlying constituents, derivatives, loans, credit default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for our or their own respective accounts or for the accounts of our or their respective customers, and we will have other direct or indirect interests, in those securities and in other markets that may not be consistent with your interests and may adversely affect the level of the underlying assets and/or the value of the Notes. You should assume that we or they will, at present or in the future,