WINSF Wins Financial Holdings Inc (PK)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.20549

FORM 20-F

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☐              REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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☒              ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐              TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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☐              SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from __________ to ___________

Commission file number 333-204074

WINS Finance Holdings Inc.

(Exact name of the Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands

 (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

1F, Building 1B

No. 58 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District

Beijing 100024, People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices)

1177 Avenue of the Americas

5th Floor New York, NY 10036

646-694-8538

(New York Office)

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share

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Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

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As of October 31, 2023, the registrant had 19,837,642 ordinary shares outstanding.

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

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If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.            ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

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If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐

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Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

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 If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

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CERTAIN INFORMATION

In this Annual Report on Form 20-F, or the “Annual Report”, unless the context indicates otherwise, all references to the terms “Wins Finance” “we,” “us,” “our company,” “the Company” and “our,” refer to Wins Finance Holdings Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Wins Holdings LLC(“WHL”),Wins Finance Group Limited (“WFG”), Full Shine Capital Resources Limited (“Full Shine”), Jinshang International Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Jinshang Leasing”), Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD.(“Ruikai taifu”) Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD.(“Zhongrui xukai”), Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Co., Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture) and Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”). On June 9, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to dispose of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee, all references to “China” or “PRC” and the “Chinese government” refer to the People’s Republic of China and its government. In this Annual Report, all references to “Renminbi,” or “RMB” are to the legal currency of China and all references to “USD”. “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “$” or “US$” are to the legal currency of the United States.

On June 9, 2020, the Changzhi Public Security Bureau (the “Bureau”) froze the assets of Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee. Our legal counsel was unable to determine the cause of the freeze as the authorities did not provide us with this information, and our legal counsel advised us that we no longer have control of the assets or operations of both Jinchen Argiculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. Consequently, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to dispose of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee.

On January 6, 2021, Wins Finance and Shanghai Guyuan signed an asset disposal agreement, pursuant to which on January 6, 2021, Wins Finance, sold its entire interest in Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture”) (including its subsidiary Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”)) to Shanghai Guyuan (the “Purchaser”) in exchange for the Purchaser assuming the obligations of Jinchen Agriculture. Therefore, the Company will not consolidate Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee into its financial statements after that date. The Company’s other business are unaffected by the disposal and continue to operate normally.

On October 11, 2021, we established Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD., which specializes in the medical equipment sales business. On April 7,2022, we acquired a 71.43% interest in Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD. In the future, we believe that the medical equipment sales business will become our main source of income.

On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables

On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables

Our medical business will mainly focus on the following areas:

The Company’s functional currency is USD. The functional currency of Jinshang Leasing, is Chinese Yuan, or RMB. For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of Jinshang Leasing, are prepared using RMB and translated into the Company’s functional currency, USD at the exchange rates quoted by www.oanda.com. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during each reporting period, and owners’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.

The audited financial statements in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or “U.S. GAAP”.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains statements that may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements relate to anticipated future events, future results of operations and/or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by their use of terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “may,” “ought to,” “plan,” “possible,” “potentially,” “predicts,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” negatives of such terms or other similar terms. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report include, without limitation, statements relating to:

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 3D “Key Information - Risk Factors.”

You should not unduly rely on any forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Annual Report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

All of our existing directors, Mu Renhui, Cheng Yuchan, and other independent directors are residents of China and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. We are headquartered in China. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. It may also be difficult for a shareholder to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and these persons located in China.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedure Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedure Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between different jurisdictions, and PRC courts will not recognize or enforce these foreign judgments if PRC courts believe the foreign judgments violate the basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest after review. However, currently, China does not have treaties or reciprocity arrangement providing for recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments ruled by courts in the United States. Thus, we believe that it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would enforce a judgment ruled by a court in the United States. As such, there is uncertainty as to the cost and time constraints associated with seeking enforcement of such a judgement in PRC.

In addition, under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against a company in China for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. We believe that it will be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws by virtue only of holding securities, to establish a connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.

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PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not required.

Not required.

Not required.

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ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not required.

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ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

Not required.

Not required.

In conducting our business, we face many risks that may interfere with our business objectives. Some of these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, we are subject to various risks resulting from changing economic, political, industry, business and financial conditions. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business operations.

You should carefully consider the following factors and other information in this annual report before you decide to invest in our ordinary shares. If any of the risks referred to below occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer. In any such case, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Some of the risks related o include:

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Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

The report of our auditor expresses a qualified opinion for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.

As disclosed elsewhere in this document, because we lost the ability to control our subsidiaries Shanxi Jincheng Agriculture Co., Ltd and Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd (collectively “subsidiaries without control”) and our auditor was unable to carry out any audit procedures or to obtain information it considered necessary during its audit of the financial statements of the subsidiaries without control stated on the face of the 2020 balance sheet classified as disposal group. Therefore, the auditor could not determine the effect of adjustments, if any, on our financial position as at June 30 2020 or on our financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended.

The independent auditors report for fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 is qualified due to the loss of control over Shanxi Jincheng Agriculture Co. Ltd and Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd.. As a result, the independent auditors state that they were unable to carry out any audit procedures or to obtain information necessary to perform an audit of these subsidiaries. We expect to sign an Engagement Letter with Audit Alliance LLP in the near future to entrust the audit firm to conduct supplementary audits of the aforementioned two companies;

We were unable to provide disclosure to our auditor relating to the subsidiaries without control regarding the results of our assessment of the risk that the financial statements may be materially misstated as a result of fraud. The management of the subsidiaries without control were unable to acknowledge their responsibilities for the design, implementation and maintenance of accounting and internal control systems that are designed to prevent and detect fraud and error, the objectives of which are to provide the auditor with reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or disposition and that transactions are executed as authorized.

The SEC takes the position that audit reports that express a qualified opinion due to a departure from GAAP, like the one our auditor provided on our financial statements, do not meet the requirements of Regulation S-X, and that financial statements not in conformity with GAAP, like ours, are presumed to be inaccurate or misleading, notwithstanding explanatory disclosures in footnotes or in the accountant’s report. Notwithstanding the position of the SEC, we believed that it was preferable for us to release the information contained in the 2020 Annual Report on Form 20-F to our stockholders than to withhold such information.

The impact of the Disposal of the Financial Guarantee Business

On June 9, 2020, the Changzhi Public Security Bureau (the “Bureau”) froze the assets of Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee. Our legal counsel was unable to determine the cause of the freeze as the authorities did not provide us with this information, and our legal counsel advised us that we no longer have control of the assets or operations of both Jinchen Argiculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. Consequently, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to dispose of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee.

On January 6, 2021, Wins Finance and Shanghai Guyuan signed an asset disposal agreement, pursuant to which on January 6, 2021, Wins Finance, sold its entire interest in Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture”) (including its subsidiary Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”)) to Shanghai Guyuan (the “Purchaser”) in exchange for the Purchaser assuming the obligations of Jinchen Agriculture. The transfer price was zero. In addition, the creditor’s rights and debts among the group, Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee shall be mutually exempted.

Therefore, due to the disposal of Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee, our line of business no longer includes the financial guarantee line of business, which helped to facilitate SMEs financing opportunities by acting as a guarantor to secure credit facilities from lending banks and other financial institutions. Consequently, at present the main focus of our operations is our financial leasing business as well as the revamping of our financial advisory services business. Although our financial lease business has been unaffected by the disposal of our financial guarantee business, and it continues to operate normally, our overall operations now lack its previous diversification. Along with these changes, the Company is developing a new business model to further diversify its business and enhance its ability to manage risk.

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Our business focus is shifting to medical equipment sales of Wins

Due to the disposal of our financial guarantee business, we expanded into new business channels and sought new strategic partners, On October 11, 2021, we established Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD., which specializes in the medical equipment sales business. On April 7,2022, we acquired 71.43% interest in Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD. Dalian Taifu and Zhongrui Xukai are newly established companies in the medical sector and have not been operating for a long time. Dalian Taifu is responsible administrative licensing, preliminary acceptance and various operating requirements of Shanxi Transformation Comprehensive Reform Health Examination Center, including responsibility for the completion of the medical center, the establishment and improvement of the business systems and staff training. Zhongrui Xukai is mainly engaged in medical equipment and consumables sales and medical service consulting. On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables

Starting in 2023, over the next 5-10 years, Wins plans to further develop its medical business and improve its revenues and profit margin. Wins plans to continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers. Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). We expect to continue to conduct our financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.

We do not have a significant history in these businesses, and we cannot guarantee that our shift into these businesses will be successful. Due to the slow economic development in China and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, our new business development prospects are not certain. If we are unable to successful manage the transation to the medical sector, we may be forced to cease operations and wind up our affairs.

Wins’ medical business will also face some challenges, the main risk factors are policy factors and market factors. China has issued many policies in the field of medical and health care to regulate the centralized procurement of medical equipment, consumables and drugs. At the same time, the overall management of the hospital and the corresponding insurance settlement policy have certain standards. These policies will have some impact on the sales of domestic characteristic equipment and consumables of Wins, which could delay the transaction or increase the cost on selling Market competition in the medical industry has intensified. With the increasing number of new products, drugs and diagnosis and treatment programs in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment, the cancer diagnosis and treatment center of Wins must also update the diagnosis and treatment programs, equipment and drugs in a timely manner. It may increase the cost on development and selling.

Our business is subject to greater credit risks than if we provided leases to larger and more established clients, and our proprietary risk management system may not be adequate to protect against client defaults.

The business of providing financial leasing involves a variety of risks, including the risk that the loans we made will not be repaid on time or at all, and our risk management procedures may not fully eliminate these risks. We mainly focus on providing services to Chinese small & medium enterprises (“SMEs”), including microenterprises, which have limited access to financing, and microcredit companies in China. Some of our clients are at the early stage of their business and have limited financial resources, making them vulnerable to adverse competitive, economic or regulatory conditions. These customers may expose us to greater credit risks than larger or more established businesses with longer operating histories. We seek to manage our credit risk exposure through client due diligence, credit approvals, establishing credit limits, requiring security measures and portfolio monitoring. While these procedures are designed to provide us with the information needed to implement adjustments where necessary, and to take proactive corrective actions, there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective in avoiding undue credit risk. During the year ended June 30, 2023, the provision for our lease payment receivables totaled $0.6 million.

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Our historical financial results may not be indicative of our future performance.

Our business has achieved rapid growth during the past few years. Our financial leasing business commenced in 2009 and therefore has a limited operating history. Our net revenue increased from $1.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2012 to $9.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2017, representing an increase of 672.6%. However, on June 9, 2020, the Changzhi Public Security Bureau (the “Bureau”) enforced a judgement against Jinchen Agriculture. Pursuant to this action, the Bureau froze the assets of Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee. The Company’s appointed legal counsel was unable to determine the cause of the freeze as the authorities have not provided such information, but it has advised the Company that the Company no longer has control of the assets or operations of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. On January 6 2021, the company entered into an agreement to transferred Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee’ equity to a third party. Therefore, we will not be able to consolidate Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee into our financial statements. The Company’s other businesses are unaffected by the dispsal and continue to operate normally. The Company’s net revenue (not including Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee) increased from $(2.0) million for the year ended June 30, 2022 to $0.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing an increase of 125%, mainly caused by the decrease of non-cash provision on our financial leasing businessesand the Sales in the medical business.During the year ended June 30,2023, the provision on our leasing business decreased to $0.6 million from $2.3 million in 2022, representing a decrease of 74%.

We may face increasing competition from existing and new market participants.

China’s financial services industry for SMEs and microenterprises has experienced substantial growth in recent years, following the rapid development of the Chinese economy and the emergence of a large number of SMEs and microenterprises. For our financial leasing business, our major competitors include independent China leasing companies and foreign-owned leasing companies. Some of our competitors may benefit from lower pricing, a larger customer base, a more established business reputation, more solid business relationships with banks and government authorities, a more mature risk control mechanism or more extensive experience than we might. As we expand our presence, we expect to compete with competitors from other regions, some of which have better knowledge of the target customers and may enjoy stronger relationships with local banks than we do.

Our business model could be negatively affected by changes and fluctuation in the banking industry.

Our business model is premised on the fact that SMEs and microenterprises are generally underserved by the banking industry because commercial banks in China have been reluctant to lend to SMEs and microenterprises without credit support, such as third-party guarantees, or adequate collateral of tangible assets. In the past, this has created opportunities for us to develop and expand our business. But now, new trends in the banking industry or the applicable regulatory requirements may alleviate the high transaction costs or the lack of collateral and public information generally associated with bank financing to our target clients or otherwise make this business more attractive to banks. In the event that commercial banks begin to compete with us by making loans to our target clients on an unsecured basis or require a lower level of credit guarantee in return for higher risk-based interest rates, we may experience greater competition with respect to our financial leasing business. Furthermore, any such direct competition with our cooperating banks will undermine our relationship with them and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects. In September 2019, the CBRC and NDRC in China jointly announced the notice on in-depth development of “credit loan” to support the financing of SMEs to ease the financing difficulty of SMEs, encourage financial institutions to improve risk management, reduce excessive dependence on mortgages pledge and guarantee, and gradually increase the proportion of credit loans for SMEs. The issuance of this policy will reduce the dependence of SMEs on the guarantee business.

In addition, our business may be subject to factors affecting the banking industry generally, such as an abrupt spike in China’s interbank rates and the subsequent fears of tightened liquidity, as well as the increasing non-performing loan ratios as reported by the banking industry. Such factors adversely affecting China’s banking industry may result in constraints on the banking system’s liquidity and subsequent reductions in the amount of, or tightened approval requirements for, loans available to our customers or us. As a result, we may experience less available funding. Furthermore, if our customers’ business is negatively affected due to any such factors, our customer default risk may increase, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

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The guarantee business conducted by us in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province has been disposed.

Over the past few years, our guarantee business has been concentrated in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, throughour subsidiaries Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee, the wholly owned subsidiary of Jinchen Agriculture. On January 6, 2021, Wins Finance and Shanghai Guyuan signed an asset disposal agreement, pursuant to which on January 6, 2021, Wins Finance, sold its entire interest in Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture”) (including its subsidiary Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”)) to Shanghai Guyuan (the “Purchaser”) in exchange for the Purchaser assuming the obligations of Jinchen Agriculture. Therefore, Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee will no longer be consolidated into our financial statements.

We may not be familiar with new regions or markets we enter and may not be successful in offering new products and services.

We may expand our business and enter other regional markets in the future. However, we may be unable to replicate our success in Jinzhong City in new markets. In expanding our business, we may enter markets in which we have limited, or no, experience. We may not be familiar with the local business and regulatory environment and we may fail to attract a sufficient number of customers due to our limited presence in that region. In addition, competitive conditions in new markets may be different from those in our existing market and may make it difficult or impossible for us to operate profitably in these new markets. If we are unable to manage these and other difficulties in our expansion into other regions in China, our prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected.

As we continuously adjust our business strategies in response to the changing market and evolving customer needs, our new business initiatives will likely lead us to offer new products and services. However, we may not be able to successfully introduce new products or services to address our customers’ needs because we may not have adequate capital resources or lack the relevant experience or expertise or otherwise. In addition, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approvals for our new products and services. Furthermore, our new products and services may involve increased and unperceived risks and may not be accepted by the market and they may not be as profitable as we anticipated, or at all. If we are unable to achieve the intended results for our new products and services, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely affected.

Our impairment losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses and any increase to the impairment losses may cause our net income to decrease.

As of June 30, 2023, our allowance for finance lease payment receivable was $110.65 million. The amount of provisions or allowances has been based on our management’s assessment of, and expectations concerning, various factors affecting the quality of our loan portfolio, such as the customers’ financial condition, repayment ability, historical default rates, the anticipated realizable value of any collateral, regional economic conditions, government policies, interest rates and other factors, and the applicable PRC rules and regulations governing provisions for losses. If our assessment and expectations differ from actual events, or if the quality of loan portfolios deteriorates, our provisions or allowance may not be adequate to cover our actual losses and we may need to set aside additional provisions or allowance, which could materially and adversely affect our profitability. Our business is subject to fluctuations based on local economic conditions. These fluctuations are neither predictable nor within our control and may have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition. We may increase our impairment losses for investment in financial leases based on any such change of economic conditions and the change of management’s assessment. Regulatory authorities may also require an increase in the provision or allowance for loan losses. Any increase in the allowance for loan losses would result in a decrease in net income and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business is concentrated in financial leasing, and therefore lacks product and business diversification. Accordingly, our future revenues and earnings may be more susceptible to fluctuations than a more diversified company.

Prior to June 9, 2020, our primary business activities consisted of providing guarantee services and offering financial lease as well financial advisory services to our customers. However, the guarantee services were mainly conducted through Dongsheng Guarantee, whose assets were disposed. The disposal of DongSheng Guarantee and our lack of significant product and business diversification could inhibit the opportunities for growth of our business, revenues and profits.

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The commission rate in the interest rate in financial leasing business may decrease due to changes in the Chinese economic environment or industry competitiveness, which could negatively affect our revenue and net profit.

If China’s economy does not maintain the same growth rate as it has in previous years, or if it slows down, the government could tighten money supply, and banks could be less inclined to incur credit risk and extend loans to Chinese SMEs, which could negatively affect our business. New participants may enter the financial sector and our business could face intense competition within our current region, and in the regions into which we plan to expand, due to these new entrants. We might be unable to maintain the same level of interest rates charged for our financial leasing service, in which case our revenue and net profit may decrease.

Our risk management framework, policies and procedures and internal controls may not fully protect us against various risks inherent in our business.

We have established an internal risk management framework, policies and procedures to manage our risk exposures, primarily credit risk, operational risk, compliance risk and legal risk as well as liquidity risk. These risk management policies and procedures are based upon historical behaviors and our experience in the industry. They may not be adequate or effective in managing our future risk exposures or protecting us against unidentified or unanticipated risks, which could be significantly greater than those historically experienced. Although we are continuously updating our policies and procedures, we may fail to predict future risks due to rapid changes in the market and regulatory conditions, and new markets we enter. Although we have established internal controls to ensure our risk management policies and procedures are adhered to by our employees as we conduct our business, our internal controls may not effectively prevent or detect any non-compliance of our policies and procedures, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Effective implementation of our risk management and internal controls also depends on our employees. Human error or other mistakes may significantly undercut the effectiveness and performance of our risk management and internal controls, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

We had material weaknesses in our internal control in financial reporting as of June 30, 2022 and such material weaknesses could adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner.

In 2021, our management identified material weaknesses and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting were not effectiveA material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal controls over financial reporting.Honwever as of June 30, 2022 our internal controls were effective., Notwithstanidng that our internal controls are currently effective, our assessment could be inaccurate, or our internal controls could become ineffective in the future.

Any failure to maintain effective internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis as required by the SEC, we could face severe consequences.

Inferior internal control could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock. We can give no assurance that additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls. In addition, even if we are successful in strengthening our controls and procedures, in the future these controls and procedures may not be adequate to prevent or identify irregularities or errors or to facilitate the fair presentation of our consolidated financial statements.

We were delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market.

On October 19, 2020, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Hearing Panel (the “Panel”) of the Nasdaq Stock Exchange LLC (“Nasdaq). The letter notified the Company that since its new auditor submitted a qualified opinion on its financial statements filed on Form 20-F for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 due to the freezing of a substantial portion of its assets by a public security bureau in China, this rendered the Form 20-F incomplete. Accordingly, the Panel determined to delist the Company’s shares from Nasdaq. As a result, the ordinary shares were suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 21, 2020.

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We may be subject to employee misconduct which is often difficult to detect and could harm our reputation and business.

Employee misconduct may include approving a transaction beyond authorized credit limits, hiding key customer information in the due diligence process, engaging in fraudulent or other improper activities, or otherwise not complying with laws or our risk management procedures. Employee misconduct is often difficult to detect and could take significant time to uncover. We cannot assure you that future incidents of employee misconduct will not subject us to serious penalties or limitations on our business activities. We could also suffer from negative publicity, reputational damage, monetary losses or litigation losses as a result of the misconduct of our employees.

There is often limited information regarding our customers and our ability to perform customer due diligence or detect customer fraud may be compromised as a result.

The information available on SMEs including microenterprises is often limited. Our credit evaluation depends primarily on customer due diligence. We cannot assure you that our customer due diligence will uncover all material information necessary to make a fully informed decision, nor can we assure you that our due diligence efforts will be sufficient to detect fraud committed by our customers. If we fail to perform thorough due diligence or discover customer fraud or intentional deceit, the quality of our credit evaluation may be compromised. A failure to effectively measure and limit the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, we may be unable to monitor our customers’ actual use of the financing we guaranteed or provided, or verify if our customers have other undisclosed private money or borrowings. We may not be able to detect our customers’ suspicious or illegal transactions, such as money laundering activities, in our business and we may suffer financial and/or reputational damage as a result.

Our continued success is dependent on senior management and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel.

Our success has been, and in the future will be, dependent on the continued services of our executive directors and senior management. There is no assurance that any or all of our senior management will continue their employment with us. If any senior management personnel are unable or unwilling to continue their service, we may not be able to find a suitable replacement quickly or at all. The loss of the services of any senior management personnel and the failure to locate a suitable replacement might disrupt our business and could have an adverse impact on our ability to manage or operate our business effectively.

Our performance is also dependent on the talents and efforts of highly-skilled individuals. As a result, our continued ability to effectively compete, manage and expand our business depends on our ability to retain and motivate our existing employees and attract new talented and diverse employees. Given our relatively lean human resources structure, the loss of services of any employee holding an important position or possessing industry expertise or experience could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, business and prospects. Competition in the financial services industry for qualified employees has often been intense, and we may also need to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract new personnel. A failure to attract and retain qualified personnel and any significant increase in staffing costs could have a negative impact on our ability to maintain our competitive position and grow our business.

The future development and implementation of anti-money laundering laws in China may increase our obligation to supervise and report transactions with our customers, thereby increasing our compliance efforts and costs and exposing us to criminal measures or administrative sanctions for non-compliance.

We believe that we are not currently subject to PRC anti-money laundering laws and regulations and are not required to establish specific identification and reporting procedures relating to anti-money laundering. PRC laws and regulations relating to anti-money laundering have evolved significantly in recent years and may continue to develop. In the future, we may be required to supervise and report transactions with our customers for anti-money laundering or other purposes, which may increase our compliance efforts and costs and may expose us to potential criminal measures or administrative sanctions if we fail to establish and implement the required procedures or otherwise fail to comply with the relevant laws and regulations.

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Failure to maintain our reputation and brand name could materially and adversely affect our business.

We believe that the reputation and brand name that we have built over the years plays a significant role in enabling us to obtain business from referrals as well as to attract new customers. A large portion of our new guarantee services were referred to us by our past or existing customers or by banks or other financial institutions. We believe that the building up and the enhancement of our reputation and brand name depend largely on, among others, our credibility among finance providers and other players in the financial services industry which has been developed over the years of our business operations, and our ability to provide diversified services to meet the requirements of our customers and their counter-parties. If we fail to maintain our reputation or our customers or their counter-parties no longer perceive our services to be of high quality or if they should no longer perceive us as a guarantee company with high credibility for whatever reason, our reputation and brand name could be adversely affected which, in turn, could affect our ability to maintain existing or capture future business opportunities. On January 6 2021, the company entered into an agreement to transferred Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee’ equity to a third party. The transfer price was zero. In addition, the creditor’s rights and debts among the group, Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee shall be mutually exempted. Our guarantee service, mainly operated by Dongsheng Guarantee, has been disposed. This could have the effect of reducing the number of people who wish to do business with us, and there is also no assurance that our past or existing customers or banks or financial institutions with whom we have business relationships will continue to work with us or to refer new or potential customers to us. In the event our existing or past customers or banks or financial institutions with whom we have business relationships cease to work with us or stop referring new or potential customers to us or substantially reduce their referrals to us, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

We are heavily dependent on the performance of SMEs, and any decrease in demand for services to SME’s in the PRC may adversely impact our business operations.

The rapid growth of the economy of the PRC in the past few years has triggered a surge in the number of new SMEs and the escalation of their respective businesses in general. Despite the growth of SMEs and the growing demand for funding from these SMEs in recent years, there can be no assurance that the demand for financial guarantee services and financial leasing from SMEs will continue to grow. Any adverse development in national or local economic conditions may affect the businesses or funding demands of SMEs which, in turn, may reduce the demand or depress the amount of fees we charge for our services. Any decrease in such demand would have a material adverse effect on our result of operations and financial condition.

We may be involved in legal proceedings arising from our operations.

We may become involved in disputes with customers, financial providers and/or other parties. These disputes may lead to legal proceedings, and may cause us to suffer costs and delays to our operations. Such legal proceedings may also adversely affect our reputation which in turn could lead to a slowdown in our new business opportunities.

We are subject to certain foreign exchange risks.

We receive all of our revenue in Renminbi, which is currently not a freely convertible currency. A portion of our revenue must be converted into other currencies in order to meet our foreign currency obligations from time to time. For example, we will be required to obtain foreign currency (i.e. US dollars) to make payments of declared cash dividends, if any. The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuates and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC and international political and economic conditions. The value of any declared cash dividends in the future may be affected by fluctuations in exchange rates.

Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our ordinary shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.

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We have no insurance coverage for our guarantee and financial leasing business, investment assets or deposits in our bank accounts, which could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.

We do not maintain any credit insurance, business interruption insurance, general third-party liability insurance, nor do we maintain key man life insurance or any other insurance coverage except the mandatory social insurance for employees. If we incur any loss that is not covered by our loss reserve, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, our major assets are cash deposit in banks and investment securities in assets management products. These assets are not insured or otherwise protected. Should any bank or trust company holding our cash deposits become insolvent, or if we are otherwise unable to withdraw funds, we could lose the cash on deposit with that particular bank or trust company.

The proportion of the financial leasing revenue to our total revenue has gradually increased, but this growth may not continue.

We are still developing our financial leasing business. The success of our financial leasing operations will be highly dependent upon our ability to successfully develop and market our financial leasing services to targeted customers. We may not be able to develop our financial leasing business as planned and generate revenues or profits. The revenue and income potential of our proposed financial leasing business is unproven and the lack of operating history makes it difficult to evaluate the future prospects of this business.

Our knowledge of the Chinese financial leasing industry and market may be limited. Our perception of potential customers’ needs and their acceptance of our financial leasing services may not be accurate.

We may not be able to work with equipment providers to successfully purchase qualified equipment identified by our customers on terms acceptable to us. We may not be able to establish sound financial modeling in the calculation of the interest rate and residual value. Such inexperience and lack of active knowledge may lead to failure of our financial leasing business.

Lack of knowledge of financial leasing benefits among potential customers may make it difficult for us to market our services.

Many people in the PRC still perceive leasing companies as a “second-class bank”, and very few recognize the flexibility and benefits that financial leasing provides. We may need to invest a tremendous amount of time and effort toward education people of the benefits of such business so that potential customers can fully appreciate the flexibility leasing offers to deploy their assets. Failure in such education may make it difficult for us to market our financial leasing services.

Our dividend policy is determined by the Board of Directors based the consideration of our performance, cash flow position and future growth strategy. We cannot assure you of declaring dividend at any time in the future.

In the future, we may not have sufficient net income or cash flow for dividend distribution, and we may retain profits to cover cash flow required for further business growth. There is no assurance that we will pay any dividends in the future. If we do not pay dividends, shareholders will not experience investment returns except through the sale of their stock.

Failure to manage our growth could result in a negative impact on our future performance, results of operation and financial condition.

We intend to seek strategic acquisitions in the future in order to further expand our business and service offerings. It is our intention to seek acquisition targets that have the potential to complement our existing business or our business model or to broaden our service offerings. Any failure to successfully acquire or merge with such targets or to successfully integrate newly acquired or merged businesses into our business could have a negative impact on our future performance, results of operations and financial condition.

Our financial performance may fluctuate from period to period and the fluctuations may make it difficult to predict our future performance. The adjustment of our business development strategies according to the new environment may have significantly adverse effect on our performance.

Our financial performance fluctuates with our business volume. For our financial consultancy service, the level of revenue that we can achieve is subject to fluctuations and is dependent on, among other things, the business and performance of our customers and the overall economic condition of the PRC. Accordingly, we are susceptible to revenue volatility between financial periods.

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Our financial performance is affected by the market conditions of the vastly diverse industries in which our customers operate and the overall economic conditions of the PRC, which are factors beyond our control. In the event that we are not able to continually and consistently secure new contracts from customers, our future financial performance will be adversely affected.

In order to achieve our long-term mission, we may balance our efforts and capital to some newly developed segments, such as leasing or other newly acquired business. This could negatively affect our current financial performance.

Our business strategy could be adjusted subject to various circumstances, such as market opportunity, overall economic condition of the PRC, changes in the government regulations, and so on. Such adjustment could shift our future business focus and demand a large number of resource support, which could negatively affect our future financial performance.

Risk Relating to Doing Business in the PRC

China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as regulatory policies, significantly affect the financial markets in China, as well as our liquidity, access to capital and ability to operate our business.

Our operating subsidiaries are incorporated, and our operations and assets are primarily located, in the PRC. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to economic, political and legal developments in China. China’s economy differs from the economies of developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. While China’s economy has experienced significant growth in the past few decades, growth has been uneven across different regions and economic sectors and there is no assurance that such growth can be sustained or is sustainable. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic development and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall PRC economy, but may negatively affect us. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by the following factors:

In addition, an unfavorable financial and economic environment in recent years, including as a result of continued global financial uncertainties and the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis, have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on investors’ confidence and financial markets in China. Moreover, concerns over capital market volatility, issues of liquidity, inflation, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit and concerns about the rate of unemployment have resulted in adverse market conditions in China, which may materially and adversely affect our business and operations.

We may not in all cases be able to capitalize on the economic reform measures adopted by the PRC government. Changes in the economic, political and social conditions or the relevant policies of the PRC government, such as changes in laws and regulations or restrictive financial measures, could have an adverse effect on the overall economic growth of the PRC, which could subsequently hinder our current or future business, growth strategies, financial condition and results of operations.

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Substantial uncertainties and restrictions with respect to the political and economic policies of the PRC government and PRC laws and regulations could have a significant impact upon the business we may be able to conduct in the PRC and accordingly on the results of our operations and financial condition.

Our business operations may be adversely affected by the current and future political environment in the PRC. The Chinese government exerts substantial influence and control over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. Our ability to operate in China may be adversely affected by changes in Chinese laws and regulations. Under the current government leadership, the government of the PRC has been pursuing economic reform policies that encourage private economic activities and greater economic decentralization. However, the government of the PRC may not continue to pursue these policies, or may significantly alter these policies from time to time without notice.

There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, the laws and regulations governing our business, or the enforcement and performance of our arrangements with borrowers in the event of the imposition of statutory liens, death, bankruptcy or criminal proceedings. Only after 1979 did the Chinese government begin to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws that regulate economic affairs in general, deal with economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade, as well as encourage foreign investment in China. Although the influence of the law has been increasing, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. Also, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published cases and their lack of force as precedents, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve significant uncertainties. New laws and regulations that affect existing and proposed future businesses may also be applied retroactively. In addition, there have been constant changes and amendments of laws and regulations over the past 30 years in order to keep up with the rapidly changing society and economy in China. Because government agencies and courts provide interpretations of laws and regulations and decide contractual disputes and issues, their inexperience in adjudicating new business and new polices or regulations in certain less developed areas causes uncertainty and may affect our business. Consequently, we cannot clearly foresee the future direction of Chinese legislative activities with respect to either business with foreign investment or the effectiveness on enforcement of laws and regulations in China. The uncertainties, including new laws and regulations and changes of existing laws, as well as judicial interpretation by inexperienced officials in the agencies and courts in certain areas, may cause possible problems to foreign investors.

Lack of financial leasing regulations could negatively impact our business.

Currently, there is no uniform equipment title registration process and system in China, as each municipality adopts different procedures. The pending China Financial Leasing Law is expected to unify the registration procedures and protect the lessor against a “good-faith” third-party claim if the leased assets are registered in the lessor’s name. In the absence of such central title registration system, the lessors’ ownership interest on the leased equipment may be threatened. Loss of ownership to the leased equipment will have a negative effect on our financial position.

Interpretation of PRC laws and regulations involves uncertainty and the current legal environment in the PRC could limit the legal protections available to shareholders.

PRC laws and regulations govern our operation in the PRC. Most of our subsidiaries are organized under PRC laws. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes, and prior court decisions have little precedent value and can only be used as a reference. Additionally, PRC written statutes are often principle-oriented and require detailed interpretations by the enforcement bodies to further apply and enforce such laws. Since 1979, the PRC legislature has promulgated laws and regulations in relation to economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commercial transactions, taxation and trade, with a view to developing a comprehensive system of commercial law, including laws relating to property ownership and development. However, due to the fact that these laws and regulations have not been fully developed, and because of the limited volume of published cases and the non-binding nature of prior court decisions, interpretations of the PRC laws and regulations involves a degree, sometimes a significant degree, of uncertainty. Depending on the governmental agency or how an application or case is presented to such agency, we may receive less favorable interpretations of laws and regulations than our competitors. In addition, any litigation in the PRC may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. All of these uncertainties may limit the legal protections available to our investors and shareholders.

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Foreign ownership in financial guarantee and financial leasing businesses may be changed due to the uncertainty of evolving PRC laws and regulations.

We operate our financial guarantee and financial leasing business under foreign ownership structures in China. According to the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (“Foreign Investment Catalogue”) promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (“MOFCOM”) and the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) on June 27, 2017 and effective as of July 28, 2017, our operation of financial guarantee and financial leasing businesses with foreign ownership is permitted under current PRC laws and regulations. However, the PRC laws and regulations are not fully developed and the Chinese government has been revising the laws and regulations since the Reform and Opening-up in 1979. There is still significant uncertainty resulting from the evolving PRC laws and regulations. As a result, foreign investment in these financial industries may be restricted or prohibited in the future if PRC laws and regulations are changed or revised due to evolving political or economic conditions.

The national and regional economies in the PRC and our prospects may be adversely affected by natural disasters, acts of God and the occurrence of epidemics.

Our business is subject to general economic and social conditions in the PRC. Natural disasters, epidemics and other acts of God which are beyond our control may adversely affect the economy, infrastructure and livelihood of the people in the PRC. Some regions in the PRC are under the threat of earthquake, sandstorm, snowstorm, fire, drought, or epidemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, SARS, H5N1 avian flu, the human swine flu, also known as influenza A (H1N1) or the recent cases of COVID-19. For instance, two serious earthquakes hit Sichuan province in May 2008 and April 2013, and resulted in significant loss of lives and destruction of assets in the region. In addition, the epidemics of COVID-19 continues from December 2019 to the present, causing different degrees of damage to the national and local economies in the PRC. An outbreak of any other epidemics in the PRC, especially in the cities where we have operations, may result in material disruption of our business, which in turn may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our shareholders may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process and enforcing judgments against us, our Directors or senior management and to take action on the basis of violations of the listing rules.

We are a Cayman Islands company and our major operations are located in the PRC, and almost all of our assets and subsidiaries are located in the PRC. Most of our directors and senior management reside within the PRC. The assets of these Directors and senior management are also located within the PRC. As a result, it may not be possible to effect service of process upon most of our Directors and senior management outside the PRC. Moreover, the PRC does not have treaties providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of court judgments in the United States. As a result, in the PRC, recognition and enforcement of court judgments from the jurisdictions mentioned above may be difficult or impossible in relation to any matter that is not subject to a binding arbitration provision.

We are a holding company located outside China and rely on dividend payments from our subsidiaries. Our ability to pay upstream dividends may be restricted due to foreign exchange controls and other Chinese regulations.

We are a holding company and a significant part of our business is carried out through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends on dividends and other distributions received from our operating subsidiaries. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt or losses, it may impair its ability to pay dividends or other distributions to us, which could adversely affect our ability to pay dividends to our Shareholders.

PRC law requires any foreign invested enterprises, such as our subsidiaries in the PRC, to set aside part of its net profit as statutory reserves. Our PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside each year at least 10% of their after-tax profits for such year, as reported in its PRC statutory financial statements, to the statutory surplus reserve of such PRC subsidiary. Such reserve may not be discontinued until the accumulated amount has reached 50% of the registered capital of the PRC subsidiary. These statutory reserves are not available for distribution to us, except in liquidation. The calculation of distributable profits is based on PRC Accounting Standards and Regulations, which differ in many aspects from US GAAP. As a result, our subsidiary in the PRC may not be able to pay any dividend in a given year to us if it does not have distributable profits as determined under the PRC Accounting Standards and Regulations, even if it has profits for that year as determined under US GAAP.

Limitations on the ability of our PRC operating subsidiary to remit its entire after-tax profits to us in the form of dividends or other distributions could adversely affect our ability to grow, make investments that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise fund and conduct our business. We cannot assure that our subsidiaries will generate sufficient earnings and cash flow to pay dividends or otherwise distribute sufficient funds to us to enable us to pay dividends to our Shareholders.

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The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (“PRC EIT Law”) and its implementation rules stipulate that if an entity is deemed to be a non-PRC resident enterprise without an establishment or place of business in the PRC, withholding tax at the rate of 10% will be applicable to any dividends paid to it by its PRC subsidiary, unless it is entitled to reduction or elimination of such tax, including by tax treaties.

In addition, restrictive covenants in bank credit facilities or other arrangements that we or our subsidiaries may enter into in the future may also restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make distributions to us. These restrictions could reduce the amount of dividends or other distributions we receive from our subsidiaries, which in turn would restrict our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders.

Failure by our operating subsidiaries to pay us dividends could negatively impact our cash flow and our ability to make dividend distributions to our shareholders, including during periods in which we are profitable.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our PRC revenue effectively.

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. However, substantially all of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but requires approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities or designated banks under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries or variable interest entities. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries, which are wholly-foreign owned enterprises, may purchase foreign currency for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions.

Since 2016, PRC governmental authorities have imposed more stringent restrictions on outbound capital flows, including heightened scrutiny over “irrational” overseas investments for certain industries, as well as over four kinds of “abnormal” offshore investments, which are:

On January 26, 2017, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Improving Reform of Foreign Exchange Administration and Optimizing Genuineness and Compliance Verification, which tightened the authenticity and compliance verification of cross-border transactions and cross-border capital flow, including requiring banks to verify board resolutions, tax filing forms and audited financial statements before wiring foreign invested enterprises’ foreign exchange dividend distribution of over US$50,000. In addition, the Outbound Investment Sensitive Industry Catalogue (2018) lists certain sensitive industries that are subject to NDRC pre-approval requirements prior to remitting investment funds offshore, which subjects us to increased approval requirements and restrictions with respect to our overseas investment activity. Since a significant amount of our PRC revenue is denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC, make investments, service any debt we may incur outside of China or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our stockholders.

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PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident shareholders to personal liability, limit our ability to inject capital into our consolidated PRC entities, limit the ability of our consolidated PRC entities to distribute profits to us, or otherwise adversely affect us.

On July 4, 2014, the SAFE issued the Notice on Issues Relating to the Administration of Foreign Exchange for Overseas Investment and Financing and Reverse Investment by Domestic Residents via Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 37, which replaced the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control Over Financing and Return Investment of Domestic Residents through Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 75, previously issued in October 2005. Pursuant to Circular 37, any PRC residents, including both PRC institutions and individual residents, are required to register with the local SAFE branch before making contribution to a company set up or controlled by the PRC residents outside of the PRC for the purpose of overseas investment or financing with their legally owned domestic or offshore assets or interests, referred to in this circular as a “special purpose vehicle.” Our current beneficial owners who, to our knowledge, are PRC residents are in the process of registering with the local SAFE branch as required under Circular 37. We cannot, however, provide any assurances that such registration will be completed in a timely manner, or at all, or that any future beneficial owners who are PRC residents will be able to comply with the SAFE regulations in a timely manner, or at all. Any failure of our current or future beneficial owners who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 37 may subject such beneficial owners to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our consolidated PRC entities, limit our consolidated PRC entities’ ability to distribute dividends to us or the offshore entities set up by our beneficial owners or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business.

We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies. Enhanced scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.

In February 2015, the State Administration of Tax issued a Public Notice Regarding Certain Corporate Income Tax Matters on Indirect Transfer of Properties by Non-Tax Resident Enterprises, or Public Notice 7. Public Notice 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to not only indirect transfers but also transactions involving transfer of other taxable assets, through the offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. Public Notice 7 also brings challenges to both the foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of the taxable assets. Where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring the taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owned the taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may re-characterize such indirect transfer as a direct transfer of the equity interests in the PRC tax resident enterprise and other properties in China. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of up to 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. However, Public Notice 7 provides safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. On October 17, 2017, the State Administration of Taxation, or the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or SAT Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax. Pursuant to Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes.

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We face uncertainties with respect to the reporting and consequences of private equity financing transactions, share exchange or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises, or sale or purchase of shares in other non-PRC resident companies or other taxable assets by us. Our company and other non-resident enterprises in our group may be subject to filing obligations or being taxed if our company and other non-resident enterprises in our group are transferors in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company and other non-resident enterprises in our group are transferees in such transactions, under Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37. For the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company and other non-resident enterprises in our group should not be taxed under these circulars. The PRC tax authorities have the discretion under Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37 to make adjustments to the taxable capital gains based on the difference between the fair value of the taxable assets transferred and the cost of investment. If the PRC tax authorities make adjustments to the taxable income of the transactions under Public Notice 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, our income tax costs associated with such transactions will be increased, which may have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We have made acquisitions in the past and may conduct additional acquisitions in the future. We cannot assure you that the PRC tax authorities will not, at their discretion, adjust any capital gains and impose tax return filing obligations on us or require us to provide assistance to them for the investigation of any transactions we were involved in. Heightened scrutiny over acquisition transactions by the PRC tax authorities may have a negative impact on potential acquisitions we may pursue in the future.

If the settlement reached between the SEC and the Big Four PRC-based accounting firms (including the Chinese affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm), concerning the manner in which the SEC may seek access to audit working papers from audits in China of US-listed companies, is not or cannot be performed in a manner acceptable to authorities in China and the US, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In late 2012, the SEC commenced administrative proceedings under Rule 102(e) of its Rules of Practice and also under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 against the mainland Chinese affiliates of the “Big Four” accounting firms (including the mainland Chinese affiliate of our independent registered public accounting firm). A first instance trial of the proceedings in July 2013 in the SEC’s internal administrative court resulted in an adverse judgment against the firms. The administrative law judge proposed penalties on the Chinese accounting firms including a temporary suspension of their right to practice before the SEC, although that proposed penalty did not take effect pending review by the Commissioners of the SEC. On February 6, 2015, before a review by the Commissioner had taken place, the Chinese accounting firms reached a settlement with the SEC whereby the proceedings were stayed. Under the settlement, the SEC accepted that future requests by the SEC for the production of documents would normally be made to the CSRC. The Chinese accounting firms would receive requests matching those under Section 106 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and would be required to abide by a detailed set of procedures with respect to such requests, which in substance require them to facilitate production via the CSRC. The CSRC for its part initiated a procedure whereby, under its supervision and subject to its approval, requested classes of documents held by the accounting firms could be sanitized of problematic and sensitive content so as to render them capable of being made available by the CSRC to US regulators.

Under the terms of the settlement, the underlying proceeding against the four PRC-based accounting firms was deemed dismissed with prejudice at the end of four years starting from the settlement date, which was on February 6, 2019. Despite the final ending of the proceedings, the presumption is that all parties will continue to apply the same procedures: i.e. the SEC will continue to make its requests for the production of documents to the CSRC, and the CSRC will normally process those requests applying the sanitization procedure. We cannot predict whether, in cases where the CSRC does not authorize production of requested documents to the SEC, the SEC will further challenge the four PRC-based accounting firms’ compliance with U.S. law.

While these issues raised by the proceedings are not specific to our independent registered public accounting firm or to us, they potentially affect equally all PCAOB-registered audit firms based in China and all businesses based in China (or with substantial operations in China) with securities listed in the United States. In the event that the SEC restarts the administrative proceedings, depending upon the final outcome, public companies in the United States with major PRC operations may find it difficult or impossible to retain auditors in respect of their operations in the PRC, which could result in financial statements being determined to not be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, including possible delisting. Moreover, although our independent registered public accounting firm was not named as a defendant in the above SEC administrative proceedings, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these accounting firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, United States-listed companies, and the market price of our shares may be adversely affected.

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If our independent registered public accounting firm were denied, even temporarily, the ability to practice before the SEC and we were unable to timely find another registered public accounting firm to audit and issue an opinion on our financial statements, our financial statements could be determined not to be in compliance with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Such a determination could ultimately lead to the delisting of our ordinary shares from the Nasdaq or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of our ordinary shares in the United States.

Trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor. In that case, Nasdaq could delist our securities. The delisting of our securities, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections may deprive our investors with the benefits of such inspections.

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or other securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S..

Our current auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. However, if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, the SEC could prohibit them from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S. If our securities are prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S. due to the PCAOB not being able to conduct inspections or full investigations of our auditor, it would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with potential delisting and prohibition could have a negative impact on the price of our securities. Also, such delisting and prohibition could significantly affect the Company’s ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, or at all, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and prospects.

In May 2013, the PCAOB announced that it had entered into a Memorandum of Understanding on Enforcement Cooperation with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance, which establishes a cooperative framework between the parties for the production and exchange of audit documents relevant to investigations undertaken by the PCAOB in the PRC or by the CSRC or the PRC Ministry of Finance in the United States. The PCAOB continues to be in discussions with the CSRC and the PRC Ministry of Finance to permit joint inspections in the PRC of audit firms that are registered with the PCAOB and audit Chinese companies that trade on U.S. exchanges.

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three years to two.

On November 5, 2021, the SEC approved the PCAOB’s Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. Rule 6100 provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions.

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On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB entered into a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC and, as summarized in the “Statement on Agreement Governing Inspections and Investigations of Audit Firms Based in China and Hong Kong” published on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s official website, the parties agreed to the following: (i) in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the PCAOB shall have independent discretion to select any issuer audits for inspection or investigation; (ii) the PCAOB shall have direct access to interview or take testimony from all personnel of the audit firms whose issuer engagements are being inspected or investigated; (iii) the PCAOB shall have the unfettered ability to transfer information to the SEC, in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; and (iv) the PCAOB inspectors shall have access to complete audit work papers without any redactions, with view-only procedures for certain targeted pieces of information such as personally identifiable information. The PCAOB is required to reassess its determinations as to whether it is able to carry out inspection and investigation completely and without obstruction by the end of 2022.

The SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States. This report recommended the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfill its statutory mandate. Some of the concepts of these recommendations were implemented with the enactment of the HFCAA. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCAA. For example, if a company was not subject to PCAOB inspection, the report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.

The SEC has announced that the SEC staff is preparing a consolidated proposal for the rules regarding the implementation of the HFCAA and to address the recommendations in the PWG report. It is unclear when the SEC will complete its rulemaking and when such rules will become effective and what, if any, of the PWG recommendations will be adopted. The SEC has also announced amendments to various annual report forms to accommodate the certification and disclosure requirements of the HFCAA. There could be additional regulatory or legislative requirements or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. The implications of these possible regulations in addition to the requirements of the HFCAA are uncertain, and such uncertainty could cause the market price of our securities to be materially and adversely affected. If, for whatever reason, the PCAOB is unable to conduct inspections or full investigations of our auditor, the Company could be delisted or prohibited from being traded over the counter earlier than would be required by the HFCAA. If our securities are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such delisting and prohibition would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with potential delisting and prohibition could have a negative impact on the price of our securities. Also, such delisting and prohibition could significantly affect the Company’s ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and prospects.

Inspections of audit firms that the PCAOB has conducted have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. If the PCAOB were unable to conduct inspections or full investigations of the Company’s auditor, investors in our securities would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. In addition, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections or full investigations of auditors would may make it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in the audit procedures of our auditor and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

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The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China based issuers, which could result in a material change in our business operations and/or the value of our securities. Additionally, the governmental and regulatory interference could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Statements by the Chinese government in 2021 have indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in China-based issuers. The PRC has proposed new rules in 2021 that would require companies collecting or holding large amounts of data to undergo a cybersecurity review prior to listing in foreign countries, a move that would significantly tighten oversight over China based internet giants. On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or CAC, has publicly solicited opinion on the Regulation on Network Data Security Management (Consultation Draft), which stipulates that data processor that undertakes data processing activities using Internet networks within China shall apply for the cybersecurity review if it conducts data processing activities that will or may have an impact on the national security. The review is mandatory if the data processor controls more than 1 million users’ personal information and intends to be listed or traded in a foreign country, or if the data processor that will or may impact the national security seeks to be listed in Hong Kong. As of the date of this report, the Draft Regulation on Network Data Security Management has not been formally adopted. On December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, jointly with 12 departments under the State Council, promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, which became effective on February 15, 2022. According to the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, operators of critical information infrastructure purchasing network products and services, and data processors carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security, shall conduct cyber security review. An operator, including operators of critical information infrastructure and data processors, who controls more than 1 million users’ personal information must report to the Cyber Security Review Office for a cybersecurity review if it intends to be listed or traded in a foreign country.

As we are not incolved in the collection of user data, implicate cybersecurity, or involve any other type of restricted industry, we do not believe that we are subject to the CAC or CSRC. Uncertainties still exist, however, due to the possibility that laws, regulations, or policies in the PRC could change rapidly in the future. Any future action by the PRC government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CSRC or the CAC could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to remain publicly traded in the U.S.

Risks Related to the Company

Our ordinary shares have been suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market and we may be delisted.

On October 19, 2020, the Company received a letter from the Nasdaq Hearing Panel (the “Panel”) of the Nasdaq Stock Exchange LLC (“Nasdaq). The letter notified the Company that since its new auditor submitted a qualified opinion on its financial statements filed on Form 20-F for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 due to the freezing of a substantial portion of its assets by a public security bureau in China, this rendered the Form 20-F incomplete. Accordingly, the Panel determined to delist the Company’s shares from Nasdaq. As a result, the ordinary shares were suspended from trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 21, 2020.

The Company’s ordinary shares have been traded on the OTC Pink Open Market under the symbol WINSF since October 22, 2020.

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We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not be subject to U.S. proxy rules and are subject to the Exchange Act reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those applicable to a U.S. issuer.

We report under the Exchange Act as a foreign private issuer. Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. public companies, including (i) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iii) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events. In addition, while U.S. domestic issuers that are not large accelerated filers or accelerated filers are required to file their annual reports on Form 10-K within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, in the fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2011, foreign private issuers will not be required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until four months after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from the Regulation Fair Disclosure, aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. Although we intend to make interim reports available to our shareholders in a timely manner, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are not foreign private issuers.

Our management team’s lack of experience as officers of publicly-traded companies may hinder our ability to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

It may be time-consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance staff or consultants in order to develop and implement appropriate internal controls and reporting procedures. If we are unable to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act’s internal controls requirements, we may not be able to obtain the independent auditor certifications that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires publicly-traded companies to obtain.

Freeman FinTech Corporation Limited (“Freeman”) owns approximately 67% of our outstanding common stock and its interests may differ from those of our other stockholders.

As of June 30, 2022, Freeman owned approximately 67% of our outstanding common stock. Freeman has the right to nominate three members of our board of directors. Freeman will have significant influence over the outcome of matters that require shareholder votes and accordingly over our business and corporate matters. Freeman may exercise its shareholder rights in a way that it believes is in its own best interest, which may conflict with the interest of our other shareholders. These actions may be taken even if Freeman is opposed by our other stockholders.

We may be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors.

In general, assuming we are treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (1) at least 75% of our gross income (including our pro rata share of the gross income of certain 25% or more-owned corporate subsidiaries) is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the average value of our assets (including our pro rata share of the assets of certain 25% or more-owned corporate subsidiaries) is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Passive income generally includes, without limitation, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder (as defined in the section of this Annual Report captioned “Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—General” under Item 10.E.) of our ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements. Based on the composition (and estimated values) of our assets and the nature of our income and that of our subsidiaries during our taxable year ended June 30, 2021, we don’t believe that we are a PFIC for such year. However, because we have not performed a definitive analysis as to our PFIC status for such taxable year ended June 30, 2022, there can be no assurance in respect to our PFIC status for such year. There also can be no assurance in respect to our status as a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year. U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules. See the discussion in the section of this Annual Report under Item 10.E entitled “Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—U.S. Holders—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

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Based on the composition (and estimated values) of our assets and the nature of our income and that of our subsidiaries during the taxable year ended June 30, 2023, we believe that we are not a PFIC for such year. However, because we have not completed our analysis as to our PFIC status for the 2023 fiscal year, there can be no assurance in respect to our PFIC status for such taxable year.

Additional financing may result in dilution to our shareholders.

We may need to raise additional funds in the future to finance internal growth, to make acquisitions or for other reasons. Any required additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, you may experience significant dilution of your ownership interest and the newly issued securities may have rights senior to those of the holders of our ordinary shares. Alternatively, if we raise additional funds by obtaining loans from third parties, the terms of those financing arrangements may include negative covenants or other restrictions on our business that could impair our operational flexibility, and would also require us to fund additional interest expense. If additional financing is not available when required or is not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully commercialize our product or continue our research and development.

Future resales of our ordinary shares may cause the market price of our securities to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Pursuant to the merger agreement with Wins Finance Group Ltd. (“WFG”) we issued 16,800,000 or our ordinary shares to the former shareholders of WFG. Pursuant to the merger agreement, the WFG shareholders are restricted from selling any of the ordinary shares that they received as a result of the merger during the twelve-month period after the closing date of the merger, subject to certain exceptions, and the former shareholders of WFG were required to enter into lock-up agreements to such effect.

Subject to these restrictions, the Company entered into an amended and restated registration rights agreement at the closing of the merger with the former shareholders of WFG pursuant to which such holders were granted certain demand and “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to their securities. Furthermore, the former shareholders of WFG may sell our ordinary shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, if available, rather than under a registration statement. In these cases, the resales must meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of that rule, including waiting until one year after our filing with the SEC of a Current Report on Form 8-K containing Form 10 type information reflecting the transactions with WFG.

Upon expiration of the applicable lock-up periods, and upon effectiveness of any registration statement we file pursuant to the amended and restated registration rights agreement or upon satisfaction of the requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act, the former shareholders of WFG may sell large amounts of our ordinary shares in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, which could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our stock price or putting significant downward pressure on the price of our stock.

Also pursuant to the amended and restated registration rights agreement, the initial shareholders of Sino Mercury Acquisition Corp. (“Sino”) are entitled to make a demand that we register the resale of their initial shares at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which their shares may be released from escrow. The presence of these additional ordinary shares trading in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about us or our business or publish unfavorable research about us or our business, the price of our securities and their trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our securities will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our securities, the price of our securities would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to cover us or fails to publish regular reports on us, interest in the purchase of our securities could decrease, which could cause the price of our securities and their trading volume to decline.

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Our stock price may be volatile, there is limited liquidity in our ordinary shares and purchasers of our securities could incur substantial losses.

Our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. The stock market in general has, and we in particular have, experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of our company. This volatility may be due, in part, to the small number of our ordinary shares which are publicly tradeable. As a result of this volatility, investors may not be able to sell their securities at or above the price at which they purchased such securities. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Further, a systemic decline in the financial markets and related factors beyond our control may cause our share price to decline rapidly and unexpectedly.

Due to the recent extreme fluctuations in our stock price, we have been the subject of regulatory proceedings and lawsuits, which, if determined against us, could adversely affect our operating results.

Beginning in November 2016 and through June 2017, our stock price experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations having nothing to do with the performance of our business. We do not know the cause of such fluctuations, but such fluctuations have resulted in significant adverse consequences to us. Trading in our ordinary shares was halted by the Nasdaq Stock Market on June 7, 2017 until December 4, 2017 due to the fluctuations, and class action litigations have been filed against us due to such fluctuations and the trading halt. Although we do not believe that the class action litigations have any merit, we cannot predict the outcome of the litigations or how Nasdaq, or whether other regulatory agencies (such as the SEC), will proceed against us. If a judgment is entered against us in the class action litigations or if a regulatory agency take action against us, our business may suffer and the value of our ordinary shares may significantly decrease.

​

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON OUR COMPANY

Our History

Sino Mercury Acquisition Corp. (“Sino”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on March 28, 2014. Sino was a blank check company formed in order to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. On September 2, 2014, Sino closed its initial public offering of 4,000,000 units, with each unit consisting of one share of its common stock and one right to receive one-tenth of one share of common stock upon consummation of an initial business combination. On September 24, 2014, Sino consummated the sale of an additional 80,100 units which were subject to an over-allotment option granted to the underwriter of its initial public offering. The units from the initial public offering (including the over-allotment option) were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating total gross proceeds of $40,801,000. Simultaneously with the consummation of the initial public offering, Sino consummated the private sale of 210,000 units to one of its initial shareholders at $10.00 per unit (the “Private Units”) for an aggregate purchase price of $2,100,000. $38,701,000 of the net proceeds from the initial public offering, together with $2,100,000 raised from the private sale of units, for a total of $40,801,000, was deposited into the trust account and the remaining proceeds became available to be used as working capital to provide for business, legal and accounting due diligence on prospective business combinations and continuing general and administrative expenses. The initial public offering was conducted pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1 (Reg. No. 333-197515) that became effective on August 26, 2014.

Wins Finance Holdings Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company on February 17, 2015 and organized as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sino, for the purposes of changing the jurisdiction of Sino from Delaware to the Cayman Islands through a merger in which the Company would be the surviving corporation and, immediately following that merger, simultaneously acquiring all of the outstanding equity of Wins Finance Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands international business company (“WFG”), by means of an exchange by the shareholders of WFG(the “WFG Shareholders”) of 100% of the ordinary shares of WFG for cash and ordinary shares of the Company.

WFG is a holding company that was incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on July 27, 2014. After several recapitalizations and restructurings, WFG holds 100% of the interests of Jinshang Leasing, Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee through its wholly owned subsidiary, Full Shine. WFG is an integrated financing solution provider with operations located primarily in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province and Beijing, China. WFG’s goal is to assist Chinese small & medium enterprises (SMEs), including microenterprises, which have limited access to financing, in improving their overall fund-raising capability and enable them to obtain funding for business development.

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Effective October 26, 2015, the Company consummated the merger and share exchange transactions (the “Business Combination”) contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (the “Merger Agreement”), dated as of April 24, 2015 and amended on May 5, 2015, by and among the Company, Sino, WFG and the WFG Shareholders.

Upon the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”), the former security holders of Sino were issued an aggregate of 4,726,756 ordinary shares of the Company, including 429,010 ordinary shares of the Company issued in exchange for Sino’s then outstanding rights. In connection with the Business Combination, holders of 1,012,379 shares of Sino common stock sold in its initial public offering (“public shares”) exercised their rights to convert those shares to cash at a conversion price of $10.00 per share, or an aggregate of $10,123,790.

As consideration for their outstanding ordinary shares of WFG at Closing, the WFG Shareholders received an aggregate of 16,800,000 ordinary shares of the Company, which includes 2,500,000 ordinary shares issued at the election of the WFG Shareholders to receive such shares in lieu of cash consideration. The WFG Shareholders elected to receive no cash consideration.

Upon the Closing, Sino’s common stock, rights and units ceased trading and the Company’s ordinary shares began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “WINS”.

As noted above, the conversion price for holders of public shares electing conversion was paid out of the Company’s trust account, which had a balance immediately prior to the Closing of approximately $30,677,210. Of the remaining funds in the trust account, $1,057,882 was used to pay transaction expenses and the balance of $29,619,328 was released to the Company to be used for working capital purposes.

On December 13, 2016, Appelo Ltd. and Wits Global Ltd., each an entity controlled by Mr. Wang Hong (collectively, the “Sellers”) entered into an agreement to transfer all of the ordinary shares of the Company owned by them (an aggregate of 13,440,000 ordinary shares (approximately 67% of the Company’s outstanding ordinary shares)) to Freeman FinTech Corporation Limited (“Freeman”), a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. In connection with the transaction, the Seller transferred certain rights in a registration rights agreement to Freeman.

On August 2, 2017, Spectacular Bid Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Freeman, completed the acquisition of approximately 67% of the Company’s outstanding shares.

On August 28, 2018, one of our subsidiaries entered into an agreement to acquire a 30% equity interest in HuiYue Finance Leasing (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. (“HuiYue”). HuiYue will be a joint venture between us, Mercury International Financial Leasing (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. (formerly translated as Chenxing International (Tianjin) Financial Leasing Co., Ltd) and Zhongtou Jinchuang (China) Financial Holding Group Co., Limited (formerly translated as Sino Investment Jinchuang Financial Holding Co., Ltd). On October 26, 2018, the agreement was amended so that our subsidiary would acquire only a 15% interest in HuiYue. We will pay RMB 150 million (or approximately $22.7 million) for its 15% interest in HuiYue. Pursuant to the agreement, we were required to pay the capital within thirty years, from the date of change of HuiYue’s company registration. The first payment of RMB 20 million ($3.0 million) was made on October 30, 2018. HuiYue will focus on the financial leasing of equipment relating to port logistics, construction machinery, energy conservation and medicine in Ningbo, China. We believe that participating in this investment has the opportunity to boost our growth in the leasing sector by leveraging the local financial, governmental and our client resources.

On February 22 2021, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an agreement to Convert Hui Yue’s equity into the creditor’s right of Shenzhen Jiruhai Technology Co., LTD.

On June 16,2021, Beijing Fu Sheng Xing Trading Co., LTD (“Fu Sheng Xing”) was established under the laws of the PRC. Full Shine owns 40% interest in Fu Sheng Xing.

On June 9, 2020, the Changzhi Public Security Bureau (the “Bureau”) froze the assets of Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee. Our legal counsel was unable to determine the cause of the freeze as the authorities did not provide us with this information, and our legal counsel advised us that we no longer have control of the assets or operations of both Jinchen Argiculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. Consequently, the Company’s Board of Directors voted to dispose of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee.

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On January 6, 2021, Wins Finance and Shanghai Guyuan signed an asset disposal agreement, pursuant to which on January 6, 2021, Wins Finance, sold its entire interest in Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture”) (including its subsidiary Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”) to Shanghai Guyuan (the “Purchaser”) in exchange for the Purchaser assuming the obligations of Jinchen Agriculture.

On October 11, 2021, we established Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD., which specializes in the medical equipment sales business. On April 7,2022，We acquired a 71.43% interest in Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD.In the future, we believe that the medical business will become our main source of income.

On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables

In the future, Wins’s medical business will mainly focus on the following areas:

We are subject to the provisions of the exempted company incorporated under the Companies Law (2013 Revision) of the Cayman Islands. Our principal executive offices are located at 1F, Building1B, No. 58 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, People’s Republic of China, and our US office is located at 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5^th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Our telephone number is 646-694-8538 and our website is located at winsfinance.com (the information contained therein or linked thereto shall not be considered incorporated by reference in this annual report).

Principal Capital Expenditures

For a discussion of our capital expenditures, see Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Overview

Our company is an integrated financing solution provider with operations located primarily in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province and Beijing, China. Our goal is to assist Chinese SMEs, which have limited access to financing, to improve their overall fund-raising capability and enable them to obtain funding for business development. We principally operate in the following business lines:

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Financial Leasing

Our financial leasing business was started as a way to supplement its financial guarantee business. Most of the financial leasing business at that time was derived from our established guarantee clients, serving as an alternative financing solution for SME clients that owned unencumbered valuable equipment.

In 2009, due to growing needs of SMEs outside our guarantee clients, we expanded our financial leasing business, forming a separate subsidiary within our company in Beijing.

Financial Advisory and Agency Services

In addition to the provision of guarantee services and financial leasing, we also enter into separate financial consultancy services agreements with customers, under which the customer pays us consultancy fees. We provide tailor-made financial consultancy services by proposing various customized financing methods or products to customers and assisting customers in acquiring financing. In connection with these consultancy arrangements, our customers may utilize our guarantee services depending on individual circumstances and if the customer satisfies our requirements and risk assessment criteria. Under certain circumstances, our company could also act as a financing dealer between other financial leasing companies who need capital and financial institutions who are willing to provide capital, in which case it would record a net of interest income for the transactions.

Medical equipment and medical service consulting

Dalian Taifu and Zhongrui Xukai are newly established companies in the medical sector and have not been operating for a long time. Dalian Taifu is responsible for handling the administrative licensing, preliminary acceptance and various operation requirements of Shanxi Transformation Comprehensive Reform Health Examination Center, including responsibility for the completion of the medical center, the establishment and improvement of the business systems and staff training. Zhonngrui Xukai is mainly engaged in medical equipment and consumables sales and medical service consulting. On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables. Starting in 2022, in the next 5-10 years, Wins will further develop the medical sector and improve its income sources and profit margin (compared with the net interest margin of debt financing projects (about 2%), the return rate of equipment sales and consumables sales in the general medical field will be increased to about 15%). Wins will continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers (Tianjin Boshuobi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Xinbo Medical Technology Co., Ltd. are expected to be completed in the coming years). Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). Continue to do financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.

Industry Background

SMEs are A Major Driver of China’s Economy

SMEs have become an indispensable driver in promoting economic and employment growth in the PRC, driving technological and enterprise system innovation and contributing to China’s economic transformation.

Lack of Financing for SMEs

The financing needs of SMEs have been largely underserved by traditional financial institutions. Chinese SMEs have:

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Credit Gap between Banks and SMEs in China

Historically, traditional banks have been reluctant to lend to SMEs. Although in recent years, under government guidance, traditional banks are attaching greater importance to serving SMEs, they are still reluctant to lend to SMEs for several reasons including:

As a result, there remains a significant unmet need for financial services to SMEs in China.

Financial Leasing

As financial leasing has increased in China, financial leasing companies devoted to expanding SME financial leasing services have emerged and played an important role in SMEs upgrading their equipment and adopting new technologies. Manufacturer-dependent financial leasing companies (i.e. captive leasing companies, owned by equipment manufacturers) are the major supplier of SME financial leasing services at present. Independent financial leasing companies are expanding into the SME financial leasing field but have been constrained in their expansion due to financial limitations associated with the significant capital requirements of the sector and immobilization of leased assets.

Medical Business

Despite the global economic recession, China’s medical, pharmaceutical and medical device industries have maintained strong growth.Wins will further develop the medical sector and improve its income sources and profit margin (compared with the net interest margin of debt financing projects (about 2%), the return rate of equipment sales and consumables sales in the general medical field will be increased to about 15%). Wins will continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers (Tianjin Boshuobi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Xinbo Medical Technology Co., Ltd. are expected to be completed in the coming years). Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). Continue to do financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and China’s economic downturn, the growth of the medical sector is less than expected, but with the economic recovery and the implementation of economic stimulus policies, the development prospects of the medical sector are very optimistic.

Our Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to its success and establishes a solid platform for future growth:

Focus on Chinese Medical Business

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Effective and practical risk management system for Chinese SME lending

With more than ten years of operating history in serving the financing needs of SMEs, which has sharpened our specialized insight into the business and credit environment SMEs face, we can provide innovative financing solutions based upon the financing needs and creditworthiness of our customers. As most SMEs lack collateral at a level required by traditional commercial banks and are therefore excluded from mainstream bank financing sources, our financing solutions (including financial guarantees and financial leasing) help bridge the “credit-gap” between otherwise creditworthy SMEs and traditional commercial banks in China. Our risk control system, built upon “Trusted Business Circles” of core customers, has proven to be extremely cost-effective, practical and efficient under current conditions in China. Historically in China, due to the fact that the legal system is not fully developed, business trust and honoring of business commitments exists in small circles of personal relationships rather than in a more objective environment. Lending through core enterprises’ “Trusted Business Circles” resolves the information asymmetry in SME lending and provides transparency into customers’ business operations. See the section titled “Our Risk Management” below for additional information on our risk management policies. However, in 2019, with the overall downturn of China’s economy and the implementation of China’s new policies (strengthening financial risk control and deleveraging) has had a great impact on the liquidity of SMEs. For the sake of prudence, once the clients have breached the contract, we will make provision for all the uncollected principle and interests.

Experienced and motivated management team

We attribute our success to our experienced, dedicated, and motivated management team. Most of our management team members have over 10 years of experience in the financial industry. Certain senior management members also have extensive professional experience in highly regarded multinational financial institutions, which contributes valuable industry awareness and risk management skills and enhances management capability. Our company is committed to maintaining a capable and motivated leadership team which cultivates a market-oriented corporate culture, encourages innovation and operating efficiency and focuses on staying sensitive to changing conditions in the SME sector and regulatory developments in the financial services industry.

We maintain regular professional training programs for employees, and maintain a performance-based and career-driven corporate culture. We provide a significant amount of personal autonomy to employees and encourage sales and marketing staff to source and service their customers as if it were their own personal business. Our ability to retain professional and motivated employees has contributed to our success by maintaining and improving upon the strict standards of our risk management system, as well as by providing trustworthy and professional financing solutions to customers.

Wins provides leading health solution in private medical system in the China. Bases on the country wide selling system, we have accessed more than 300 top hospitals and thousands of clinics, provided advanced medical imaging, screening equipment, surgically implanted consumables, accessories, and reagents. Our system builds integrated solution includes sales, production, research and development, promotion, links the hospitals with medical supply chain to bring the most leading-edge medical services to the public.

Our products

We currently offer the following principal products and services to our customers, which primarily constitute SMEs: (1) financial leasing; and (2) financial advisory and agency services; and (3) Medical equipment and medical service consulting. The following table shows the components of revenue, their respective percentages of our net fee and interest income for the period indicated:

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Financial Leasing

Our financial leasing business was registered in 2009 for the purpose of providing financing through equipment leasing or equipment-purchase-lease-back services to qualified SME clients.

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Due to the loss of the control of our guarantee business, we are expanding our leasing operation outside of the guarantee business. We look for leasing opportunities and clients across China rather than on a regional or local basis. We are currently applying two business strategies for our leasing operation: (1) focusing on a few specific industries with experience and connections, including but not limited to new energy, vehicles, education equipment, and medical devices; and (2) increasing fee revenue through advisory services.

We purchase the applicable asset (typically manufacturing equipment, but also other tangible assets including factory buildings) from the client, and take ownership. We then lease the applicable asset back to the client and charge rent. Upon the expiration of the lease, the client pays a nominal fee (e.g. US $1) to purchase the applicable asset and thereafter takes title and ownership of the asset.

Typical leasing terms include:

Financial Advisory and Agency Services

We also provide tailor-made financial consultancy services to clients by entering into consultancy services agreements. We may, at the customers’ request, provide (1) consultancy services alone, or (2) consultancy services together with financial leasing. We typically propose customized methods of financing to customers according to their needs and circumstances and then assists customers to apply for financing. We may also recommend other financing methods or financial products to customers. During the term of the financial consultancy services agreement, and within the services scope prescribed in such agreement, we provide a variety of financial consultancy services including investigation, research, and locating the source of financing and closing of financing. We also provide advice on financing and cash flow planning and management to better align customers’ cash generation activities with their required repayment schedule, thereby improving their liquidity and reducing their default risk.

Most customers for financial consultancy services are SMEs. Many SMEs in China, due to their size of operation, lack experienced staff in handling loan applications, and may not be familiar with compliance matters including relevant rules and regulations or lending bank’s requirements. With our established cooperation with lending banks, experience in the financial services field and understanding of the requirements of lending banks, market trends as well as financial products offerings in the market, we are able to provide all-round financial consultancy services to customers. In addition, our financial consultancy services provide an attractive opportunity to expand and diversify our business and client base.

Under certain circumstances, we could also act as a dealer for other financing leasing companies, by providing short-term bridge loans (usually 90 days) against the leasing contracts and leasing receivables of these leasing company borrowers; and in the meantime, we would obtain a bridge loan from other financial institutions at a discounted rate. Typically, the above processes occur simultaneously, and therefore, our resell risk is largely mitigated. In very rare cases, if the leasing borrowers are in default, we will have to use our principal capital to repay the bridge loan to the financial institutions, and hold the leasing contracts and leasing receivables. Therefore, we are very careful in selecting these types of transactions, and only accept a limited number of transactions of this nature.

The provision of financial consultancy and agency services is within the scope of our business license.

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Medical equipment and medical service consulting.

Revenue recognition for the equipment and consulting services: payment and billing shall be made in accordance with the payment term agreed in the contract, and the company shall confirm revenue according to the remitter, amount, time and relevant remarks. Consumables: Before payment, the hospital will provide warehousing slips to check with the company. If there is no mistake, the company will issue an invoice according to the amount of the hospital’s warehousing (i.e. the amount of consumables used). After receiving the invoice, the hospital will collect the money according to the invoice amount. The company shall confirm the income according to the remitter, amount, time and relevant remarks.

Starting from 2022, in the next 5-10 years, Wensheng Financial will further develop the medical sector and improve its income sources and profit margin (compared with the net interest margin of debt financing projects (about 2%), the return rate of equipment sales and consumables sales in the general medical field will be increased to about 15%). Wensheng Financial will continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers (Tianjin Boshuobi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Xinbo Medical Technology Co., Ltd. are expected to be completed in thecoming ywars). Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). In 2023, the medical sector has become the main source of income for Wins,Continue to do financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.

Our Risk Management

Risk management is integral to the success of our business. Our risk operation model is based upon a “Trusted Business Circle” concept. China has not yet developed sophisticated credit databases or credit reporting structures, which means that decisions to lend to Chinese SMEs frequently involve reliance on company-provided information which is difficult to independently verify. Our Trusted Business Circle concept involves identifying potential credit-worthy customers through their ongoing participation in an existing supply chain or other relationship with an existing core customer. The Trusted Business Circle is embedded into each customer’s ongoing business activity, forming an ecosystem around that existing business activity. The Trusted Business Circle contains core enterprises’ business partners, transaction partners, lending banks, major shareholders’ friends circle, etc., which provides an opportunity for information verification and cross-referencing and some protection from default as new customers will want to preserve their relationships within the Trusted Business Circle. The system can be scaled as each new participant creates its own Trusted Business Circle.

Principal of Our Risk Management

Our “Trusted Business Circle” refers to two types of relationships: (1) ”industry chain”, meaning a core enterprise surrounded by a business circle which has an industry chain upstream and downstream trading networks; and (2) ”Business Connection”, meaning core enterprises’ business partners, transaction partners, lending banks, major shareholders’ friends circle, etc. which can provide cross-referenced and additional information, transactional history, and business performance regarding potential SME customers.

Typically, SMEs have a relatively high risk profile. Especially in the context of an economic downturn, SMEs have less capability to withstand cyclical challenges compared with large privately-owned companies or state-owned enterprises. In addition, the regulatory and tax frameworks for SMEs are not standardized, which creates some regulatory and tax risk exposure. SMEs also frequently have very limited credit profile and transaction data available for evaluation during the lending process. In 2019, with the overall downturn of China’s economy has had a great impact on the most of the China’s company. Among them, SMEs are relatively weak in risk tolerance, and bear the brunt of the adverse impact, leading to a substantial increase in our provisions.

Our “Trusted Business Circle” model can, to a certain extent, resolve the issues inherent in SME loans, such as information asymmetry, risk control difficulties and high borrowing costs. Within our operating history, this model has proved extremely effective and efficient in risk control, and has enabled us to take on SME clients which would not normally have been accepted during a standard review process.

The “Industry Chain” model refers to our reliance on core industry chain enterprises to evaluate all participants of an industry chain and design customized and/or standardized financial services and products, offering integrated solutions to all enterprises within the industry chain. We typically target one core enterprise in the targeted industry chain, which is either an existing trusted client of our company or a verifiably reputable or creditworthy company, such as a state-owned enterprise. Surrounding this core enterprise, there are numbers of upstream and downstream SMEs. Through a comprehensive analysis of the information flow, capital flow and logistics among the industry chain’s participants from downstream to upstream, we pick qualified SMEs as clients.

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The “Business Connection” model refers to our reliance on business “acquaintances” to crosscheck information to mitigate risks. For example, potential clients may be directly referred by lending banks with which we are already working closely. Typically, “acquaintance” banks are able to share additional information relating to those referred clients with us for risk assessment. Moreover, those SMEs referred by banks naturally value their relationship with the banks, and would like to maintain good standing during and after any transaction with us.

Business Process Risk Management

We have a standard business process for reviewing, processing and approving a guarantee or leasing application.

We like to access first-hand information which cannot be influenced by the clients. We usually conduct due diligence on the following aspects:

Based upon the results of the due diligence review, our project manager prepares and submits a credit evaluation report for internal review and approval.

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Operational Risk Management

Operational risk is the risk resulting from inadequate or failed internal controls and systems, human error or external events. We consider operational risk to be one of the major risks in the business sector and believes that this inherent risk can be controlled or mitigated through adequate and comprehensive operational policies and procedures. We have applied the following measures:

Our SME Clients and Clients’ Expansion Strategy

Clients

For the year ended June 30, 2022, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2021, there were three customers that accounted for 63%, 19% and 14% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively.

As of June 30, 2022, two customers accounted 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing. As of June 30, 2021, three customers accounted for 70%,17% and 13%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing.

For the year ended June 30, 2022, there was one client that accounted for 100% of the Ruikai Taifu Medical consultation services revenue.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2022, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, two customers accounted 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing. As of June 30, 2022, two customers accounted for 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was one client that accounted for 100% of the Ruikai Taifu Medical consultation services revenue.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was one client that accounted for 100% of the Zhongrui Xukai Medical consultation services revenue.

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For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was three clients that accounted for 40%, 11% and 10% of the Tianjin Runcheng Medical equipment revenue.

Client Expansion Strategy

Our principal client expansion strategies are through referrals and existing clients.

Referrals inside our “Business Connection” network. We maintain good relationships with a wide array of business entities, including lending banks as well as past or existing SME clients. Some potential clients were referred by the lending banks which have existing cooperation relationships with us. From time to time, some of our potential clients approach us through past or existing clients. Referrals are not subject to any referral fees or rebate arrangements between us and our clients or lending banks.

Transaction partners inside the “Industry Chain” network. We identify well-qualified clients through past or existing clients as trusted members and core enterprises of each industry chain in our network. We approach the supplier companies of these core enterprises as potential clients. As an additional security component, we sometimes provide guarantees supported by supplier companies’ accounts receivables where the obligor is a core enterprise customer. Through intervention by us with our existing trusted core enterprise, the supplier SME might receive faster turn-around on cash as working capital, thereby mitigating the risk to us. In addition to our existing trusted SME clients, we look to well-regarded state-owned enterprises or large private companies as potential core enterprise candidates.

Government Regulations

Foreign Investments

According to the Catalogue for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries (“Foreign Investment Catalogue”) promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (“MOFCOM”) and the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) on June 27, 2017 and effective as of July 28, 2017, investments by non-Chinese entities and individuals in financial guarantee and financial leasing business are permitted activities to be undertaken through foreign investments.

Financial Leasing Businesses

According to Measures for the Administration of Foreign-funded Lease Industry promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce, effective as of March 5, 2005 and repealed on February 22,2018:

In 2019, the Ministry of Commerce announced that it would transfer the responsibility of supervising financial leasing companies to the CBRC, which will perform the relevant responsibilities from April 2019. The new supervision system has not yet been announced, but it will certainly be stricter than the original one announced by the Ministry of Commerce effective on March 5,2015.

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Employment Matters

Laws and Regulations on Social Insurance

As required under Regulation of Insurance for Labor Injury which was amended on December 8, 2010 and effective January 1, 2011, Provisional Insurance Measures for Maternity of Employees which took effect on January 1, 1995, Regulation of Unemployment Insurance which was promulgated on and took effect on January 22, 1999, the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums which was promulgated on and took effect on January 22, 1999 and the Interim Provisions on Registration of Social Insurance which was promulgated on and took effect on March 19, 1999, enterprises are required to provide their employees in the PRC with welfare schemes covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, injury insurance and medical insurance. An enterprise that fails to make social insurance contributions in accordance with the relevant regulations may be ordered to rectify the non-compliance and pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline. If the enterprise fails to rectify the non-compliance by the stipulated deadline set out by the government authorities, it can be assessed a late fee by the relevant authority in the amount of 0.2% of the amount overdue per day from the original due date.

In addition, on October 28, 2010, National People’s Congress Standing Committee promulgated the PRC Social Insurance Law, which became effective on July 1, 2011, to clarify the contents of the social insurance system in the PRC. According to the PRC Social Insurance Law, employees within the PRC must participate in pension insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance and the employers must, together with their employees or separately, pay the social insurance premiums for such employees. According to this law, employees who come from rural area shall participate in social insurance and foreigners working in the PRC may also participate in social insurance. An employer that fails to make social insurance contributions may be ordered to pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline and be subject to a late fee of 0.05% of the amount overdue per day from the original due date by the relevant authority. If the employer still fails to rectify the failure to make social insurance contributions within such stipulated deadline, it may be subject to a fine ranging from one to three times the amount overdue.

Laws and Regulations on Housing Provident Fund

According to the Regulations on Management of Housing Provident Fund, which became effective on April 3, 1999 and was amended on March 24, 2002, enterprises in the PRC must undertake registration at the appropriate managing center of Housing Provident Fund and then, upon examination by such managing center of Housing Provident Fund, undergo the procedures of opening an account of Housing Provident Fund for their employees at a relevant bank. Enterprises are also obliged to pay and deposit required amounts with Housing Provident Fund in the full amount in a timely manner. An enterprise that fails to make Housing Provident Fund contributions may be ordered to rectify the non-compliance and pay the required contributions within a stipulated deadline; otherwise, an application may be made to a local court for compulsory enforcement.

Legal Proceedings

Except as described below, we are not and have not been involved in any legal proceedings which may have, or have had, a significant effect on our business, financial position and results of operations or liquidity, and we are not aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened which may have a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. We expect that these claims would be covered by insurance, subject to customary deductibles. Any such claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of managerial resources and materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is involved in various legal actions arising in the ordinary course of its business. As of June 30, 2019, the Company was involved in 1lawsuits in China, which the Company is a defendant in relation to its financing lease business (see below). The cases are in the process of being enforced.

On October 31, 2014, King & Wood Mallesons filed a complaint in Xicheng District People’s Court of Beijing on behalf of its client for breach of contract against Jinshang Leasing, our subsidiary. On February 3, 2015, the court agreed with Jinshang Leasing that it did not have jurisdiction over the proceeding, and the case was transferred to the court in Beijing, Haidian. There has been no activity in the case since it was transferred to the Beijing Haidian court. We believe that resolution of this matter will not result in any payment that, in the aggregate, would be material to our financial position or results of operations.

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As of June 30, 2018, the Company and certain of its executive officers have been named as defendants in one civil securities lawsuit filed in U.S. District Courts. On April 20, 2017, Michel Desta filed a securities class action complaint in the District Court for the Central District of California seeking monetary damages against us, Jianming Hao, Renhui Mu, Peiling (Amy) He, and Junfeng Zhao (entitled Desta v. Wins Finance Holdings, Inc., et al.; C.D. Cal. Case No. 2:17-cv-02983) (hereafter, the “California Action”). On June 26, 2017, the Court issued an Order appointing lead plaintiffs and lead counsel, and on August 25, 2017 lead plaintiffs filed an Amended Class Action Complaint. The Amended Complaint (which did not name Peiling (Amy) He as a defendant), alleges a claim against us for securities fraud purportedly arising from alleged misrepresentations concerning Wins’ principal executive offices (which alleged misrepresentations resulted in Wins being added to, and then removed from, the Russell 2000 index). On October 24, 2017, we moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint for failure to state a claim as against us.

On March 1, 2018, the District Court for the Central District of California issued an Order denying the Company’s motion to dismiss. Thus, the civil action has proceeded to the fact gathering “discovery” stage in respect to the Company.

As a result of a private mediation conducted in November 2018, the Company agreed in principle to settle the class action, on behalf of all remaining defendants. The full terms of that settlement remain confidential (but include certain contingencies concerning shareholder participation in the settlement and required court approvals). The court granted preliminary approval of the settlement by order entered on March 4, 2019. Given that the Company has not yet received the necessary approvals from Chinese regulators as to the transfer of the settlement funds from China to the United States, the Court entered an Order dated August 11, 2020 setting a final settlement approval hearing for March 22, 2021.

On July 24, 2020, Samuel Kamau filed a shareholder class action complaint in the District Court for the Central District of California seeking unspecified monetary damages for alleged violations of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the period from October 31, 2018 to July 6, 2020 against Wins Finance Holdings Inc., Renhui Mu, and Junfeng Zhao (entitled Kamau v. Wins Finance Holdings, Inc., et al.; C.D. Cal. Case No. 2:20-cv-06656). Plaintiff’s initial complaint alleges, among other things, that Defendants purportedly violated the securities laws by failing to disclose that the repayment of a RMB 580 million “loan” to Guohong Asset Management Co., Ltd. was “highly uncertain,” and that the resignation of the Company’s former independent auditor was “foreseeably likely” given the non-payment of the foregoing loan as well as alleged material weaknesses in the Company’s control over financial reporting.

As of this date and to the best of our knowledge, neither Wins Finance nor the individual Defendants have been served or have agreed to accept service of the summons and complaint. As of this date, Plaintiff has not filed an affidavit of service with the Court concerning service upon any Defendant. In accordance with procedural rules applicable to such securities class actions, motions for appointment as lead plaintiff(s) and lead counsel were filed on or before September 24, 2020, following the Court’s resolution of which it is common for the newly-appointed lead plaintiff(s) to amend the complaint and allegations underlying the claims. There is not any update progress since from June 30, 2020.

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The following is an organizational chart setting forth the ownership of our company’s subsidiaries as of the date of this Annual Report:

Our Current Corporate Structure

Our company office space at (a) 1177 Avenue of the Americas, 5th Floor New York, NY 10036, (b) 1F, Building 1B, No. 58. Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100024, the PRC, and We believe that its office space is sufficient for its current purposes.

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ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report beginning on page F-1. The following discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Item 3D “Key Information - Risk factors.” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

As at 30 June 2020, the Company determined that it had lost control of the subsidiaries Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. The management of the Company concluded that the Company had no option but to de-consolidate Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee from its financial reporting as at June 2020. The effect of de-consolidation is that in future, the financial results of the subsidiaries are no longer reported in the Company’s Annual Report (i.e. the report will be at a company, not group level) and the investment in the subsidiaries is written down in the Company’s accounts as a disposal without consideration.

On January 6 2021, the company entered into an agreement to transfer the equity of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee to a third party. The investment loss was $164.10 million due to the disposal of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee for the year ended June 30, 2020. The disposal of these assets have had a material and adverse effect on our financial results, but the Company’s other businesses have been unaffected by the disposal and continue to operate normally.

We are now even more focused upon achieving our core mission which is to help SMEs in China with their funding needs while offering this constituency creative solutions across a wider financial spectrum. We will seek leasing clients across China rather than on strictly a regional or local basis and plan to (1) focus on a few specific industries with experience and connections, such as clean energy, electric vehicles, education equipment and medical devices; and (2) to revitalize our advisory services business through innovative solutions and long-term capital funding planning. We plan upon working harder than ever to achieve sustainable results to both restore and reward our shareholders’ confidence in a niche sector where we believe we are well positioned and have the opportunity to achieve substantial market share.

Starting from 2022, in the next 5-10 years, Wensheng Financial will further develop the medical sector and improve its income sources and profit margin (compared with the net interest margin of debt financing projects (about 2)%, the return rate of equipment sales and consumables sales in the general medical field will be increased to about 15)%. Wensheng Financial will continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers (Tianjin Boshuobi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Xinbo Medical Technology Co., Ltd. are expected to be completed in thecoming ywars). Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). In 2023, the medical sector has become the main source of income for Wins,Continue to do financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.

Overview

Wins Finance, a Cayman Island holding company with business operations in China. We have two lines of business, (i) as an integrated lending solution provider mainly serving small-and-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province and Beijing, China providing two financial products and one supplementary service, and (ii) in medical equipment sales and medical service consulting.

As a lending solutions provider we provide the following services:

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As a medical equipment sales and medical service consulting business we provide:

The medical sector improve its income sources and profit margin compared with the net interest margin of debt financing projects (about 2%), the return rate of equipment sales and consumables sales in the general medical field will be increased (about 15%). Wins plan to continue to acquire private medical groups, medical equipment and consumables manufacturers (Tianjin Boshuobi technology Co., Ltd. and Xinbo Medical Technology Co., Ltd.They are expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2024). Increase the sales of medical equipment and consumables (orthopedic consumables, optic-optical super, Pet-CT, etc.). We estimate that the sales amount will be about 300 million yuan in 2024 (all of which will be merged into the financial statements of ZhongRuixukai and Tianjinruncheng). In August 2023, we acquired Shiyue Gongtu Medical Equipment Co., LTD Continue to do financial business and provide financing services for listed companies and large state-owned enterprises.

Our financial guarantee business was mainly conducted by Dongsheng Guarantee, which was incorporated on February 22, 2006 in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province . It typically provides a one-year term of guarantee for customers’ loans and the guarantee scope typically covers the principal amount and interest. Guarantee fee, which is calculated with reference to the principal amount, annual guarantee fee rate and the term of the guarantee, ranges from 2% to 4%.

However, on June 9, 2020, the Changzhi Public Security Bureau enforced a judgement against Jinchen Agriculture and its subsidiary Dongsheng Guarantee, and all the information and assets of those companies was frozen. Because of this, Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee are no longer under our control and their operations have been seriously and adversely affected. We have not consolidated the financial results of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee with our results for 2020 and 2019 due to our lack of control of these entities. On January 6, 2021, Wins Finance and Shanghai Guyuan signed an asset disposal agreement, pursuant to which on January 6, 2021, Wins Finance, sold its entire interest in Shanxi Jinchen Agriculture Ltd. (“Jinchen Agriculture”) (including its subsidiary Shanxi Dongsheng Finance Guarantee Co., Ltd. (“Dongsheng Guarantee”)) to Shanghai Guyuan (the “Purchaser”) in exchange for the Purchaser assuming the obligations of Jinchen Agriculture.

In addition, The investment loss was $175.43 million for the year ended June 30, 2021,due to the disposal of Jinchen Agriculture and Dongsheng Guarantee. As of fiscal year end June 30, 2020, the assets and the liabilities of the disposal group were classified as ‘held for sale’ and were $163.25 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The disposal of these assets have had a material and adverse effect on our financial results, but the Company’s other businesses have been unaffected by the disposal and continue to operate normally.

Credit risks, including impairment losses on the investment in financial leases, are inherent in our business. Our risk control system, based upon our "Trusted Business Circle" of core enterprises, has proved practical and efficient given the limitations in the current credit system in China. During these periods there were several financial leasing contracts outstanding. The impaired losses of our lease receivables were $0.6 million and $2.2 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On October 11, 2021, we established Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD., which specializes in the medical equipment sales business. On April 7,2022，We acquired a 71.43% interest in Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD.In the future, we believe that the medical business will become our main source of income. On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables.

In the future, Wins’s medical business will mainly focus on the following areas:

1)Sales of domestic medical characteristic equipment and consumables.. We have established a sales agent system covering the whole country, and now we are selling PET-CT products (Beijing Ruishi Kang, Beijing Sanuo United, Shanghai United

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Film), crema ultrasound (Xinbo Medical), B-ultrasound (Shanghai United Film, Samsung), orthopedic consumables (Tianjin Boshuobi) and other products.

2)Cancer diagnosis and treatment center. We will establish regional cancer diagnosis and treatment centers in major regions of China through mergers and acquisitions and new construction, providing the whole process services of examination, consultation, treatment, recovery and rehabilitation in the field of cancer. It is estimated that in the next five years, we will manage 20,000 beds, set up 15-30 regional cancer screening centers (Pet-CT), and establish a cancer disease cooperation network with 300 county-level grassroots public hospitals to jointly build pathology centers, cancer screening centers, and “medical green channel”

A.Key Factors that Affect Operating Results

Our operating subsidiaries are incorporated, and our operations and assets are primarily located, in the PRC. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are affected by China’s economic and regulation conditions in the following factors: (a) an economic downturn in China or any regional market in China;(b) economic policies and initiatives undertaken by the PRC government; (c) changes in the PRC or regional business or regulatory environment affecting the SME and microenterprise sector; (d) changes to prevailing market interest rates; (e) a higher rate of bankruptcy; (f) the deterioration of the creditworthiness of SMEs and microenterprises in general; and (g) the change of currency exchange rate of RMB to USD. Unfavorable changes could affect demand for the services that we provide and could materially and adversely affect the results of operations. Although we have generally benefited from China’s economic growth and the policies to encourage lending to SMEs, we are also affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in the PRC economic conditions and regulations governing the non-banking financial industry.

Our results of operations are also affected by the impairment allowance for the investment in financial leases which are a non-cash item and represent an assessment of the risk of future impairment losses. The amount of provisions or allowances has been recorded based on management’s assessment. We may increase or decrease the allowance for impairment losses for investment in financial leases based on any such change of economic conditions and the change of management’s assessment. Any change in the loan losses would have an effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We hold a significant amount of investment securities in assets management products issued by banks and financial institutions, including government bonds, corporate bonds and central bank notes. The interest income on these assets highly depends on market interest rate in the market of investment products especially government bonds and corporate bonds, and the management ability of the asset management companies. Any changes on the market conditions will affect our interest income from those investments and then the financial results.

PRC Limitation on Overseas Listing and Share Issuances

Asour securities have traded in the United States since 2015, (a) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether we are subject to the M&A Regulations (as defined hereinafter); and (b) our businesses do not relate to any sensitive industry identified by Chinese Law, we believe that we are not required to obtain any licenses or approvals, under applicable PRC laws and regulations, for offering securities to foreign investors. We also believe we are not required to obtain approvals from any PRC government authorities, including the CSRC or the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”), or any other government entity, to operate and to issue our securities to foreign investors and to trade in the U.S. As of the date of this report, we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanctions or regulatory objection to our offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities. However, applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations of PRC may change, and the relevant PRC government agencies could reach a different conclusion and may subject us to a stringent approval process from the relevant government entities in connection with our continued trading in the U.S., and the issuance of shares or the maintenance of our status as a publicly traded company outside China. It is uncertain when and whether we will be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to continue to trade in the U.S. in the future and offer our securities to foreign investors. If we (i) do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, should the approval be required in the future by the PRC government, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, and we are denied permissions or approvals from Chinese authorities to trade in the U.S. or offer our securities to foreign investors, we may not be able to trade in the U.S. or be subject to other severe consequences, which would materially affect the interest of the investors. In addition, any changes in PRC law, regulations, or interpretations may severely affect our operations.

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Recent PCAOB Developments

Wins Finance Holdings Inc. is a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. For the years ended June 30, 2023 our auditor is Audit Alliance LLP who is located on Singapore. Audit Alliance LLP is subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. Future Developments in China laws may restrict our auditor’s ability or willingness to continue auditing our business. If Wins cannot be inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchanges, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the U.S., will be prohibited.

Transfers of Cash

Wins Finance Holdings Inc. does not make use of variable interest entity (“VIE”) structures. Our principal operating entities in China are either wholly or partially owned subsidiaries under our offshore parent companies, and we do not have any other operating entity with which our subsidiaries have any contractual controlling relationship.

Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to an overseas entity, for example an entity located in Hong Kong, only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entities in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of our board of directors.

The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of Renminbi (“RMB”), the legal currency of the PRC, into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any.

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Results of Operations

Year Ended June 30, 2022 Compared to Year Ended June 30, 2021

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Net Revenue

Our net revenue consists of commissions and fees on our direct financing lease interest income and Medical consulting revenue. Net revenue increased by $ 2.5million, or 125 % to $0.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to $(2.0) million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase is mainly due to a lower provision for lwease payment receivables.

Direct financing lease income

Direct financing lease interest income

Direct financing lease interest income increase by $ 0.06 million, or 22.89 %, to $0.30 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.24 million for the year ended June 30, 2022.

Interest expense for capital lease

Interest expense for capital leases represents the interest incurred on the long-term loans from banks and other financial institutions for financial support for capital leases. Interest expense for capital leases decreased by $0.1 million, or 100 %, to 0.1 thousand for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to nil thousand for the year ended June 30, 2022. The decrease is mainly due to the full repayment of outstanding loans from banks and other financial institutions.

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Provision for lease payment receivable

We accrue allowances for the impairment on our investment in direct financing leases based on historical experience and an estimate of collectability of the lease receivables. Provision for lease payment receivable decreased by $1.8, to $0.6million, for the year ended June 30, 2023, from $2.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the outbreak of COVID-19, affecting the lessee’s ability to repay the rental expense and the Company had made specific allowance for the lease payment as at June 30 2023 based on the specific risk of collectability of the lessee was identified. Jinshang Leasing made a specific allowance of $110.65 million and $119.07 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for customers individually evaluated for impairment. Jinshang Leasing also made a general allowance of nil million and $3.8 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for customers collectively evaluated for impairment. On grounds of prudence, if the client default, we will make allowance for all uncollected principal and interests (including the amount due and not due) as provision.

Net direct financing lease interest income after provision for receivables

Net direct financing lease interest income after provision for receivables was $(0.4) million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to $(2.0) million for the year ended June 30, 2022.

Medical consulting revenuee

Medical consulting revenue was $0.005 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. Consulting revenue is primarily provided to customers for medical-related services provided in the course of transactions. This revenue is a new type of business revenue that began being be generated in the year ended June 30, 2022. We plan to expand this segment in the future. Medical consulting revenue is primarily provided to customers for medical-related services provided in the course of transactions.

Sales of medical equipment

Sales of medical equipment revenue was $1.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. The medical sector business has become the main source of revenue for wins.

Non-interest expenses

Non-interest expenses mainly consisted of business tax and surcharges, salary and benefits for employees, office rental expenses, traveling costs, depreciation of equipment, lawyer’s fees, professional fees, consultation fees and office supplies. Non-interest expenses decrease by $0.18 million, or19.90%, to $0.70million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to $0.87million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily caused by a decrease in other operating expenses.

Non-interest expenses - Other operating expenses

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The decrease in other operating expenses was mainly caused by: (i) a decrease inaudit fees amounting $0.06 million in the years ended June 30, 2023; and (ii) the others contain the impairment loss.

Income taxes

The income tax rate of our PRC subsidiaries is 25% pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law. According to the Tax Regulation Caishui [2012] No. 25 issued by the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China, credit guarantee institutions for SMEs are subject to a pre-tax deduction for the provision of default losses equal to 1% of the outstanding guarantee balance, and 50% of guarantee income in current year should be deferred and taxable in the next year. According to Tax Regulation Caishui [2008] No.1, the income from investment in assets management products is subject to a tax-exemption.

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Income tax credit decreased by $24.6 million to a tax credit of $0.01 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to a tax credit of $738 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase of the medical business revenue increased. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, losses before taxes excluding the interest on investment securities and offshore expenses was $(0.19) million and $(2.86) million, respectively.

Net loss from continuing operation

As a result of the above, net loss from continuing operations was $ 0.19 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, compared to net loss from continuing operations of $2.86 million for the year ended June 30, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates using information then currently available. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause Wins Finance to revise its estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term include the determination of the allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and for guarantee losses.

Significant accounting estimates reflected in the financial statements include, but are not limited to: (i) the allowance for doubtful receivables; (ii) estimates of losses on unexpired contracts and financial guarantee service contracts; (iii) accrual of estimated liabilities; (iv) useful lives of long-lived assets; (v) impairment of long-lived assets; (vi) valuation allowance for deferred tax assets; (vii) contingencies; and (viii) share-based compensation.

Operating segments

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, requires companies to report financial and descriptive information about their reportable operating segments, including segment profit or loss, certain specific revenue and expense items, and segment assets. All of the Company’s activities are interrelated, and each activity is dependent and assessed based on how each of the activities of the Company supports the others.

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for both the financing lease business and the guarantee business. The Company’s net revenues are all generated from customers in the PRC. Hence, The Company operates and manages its business within one reportable segment, which is to provide financial services in the PRC domestic market

For the year ended June 30, 2022, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2021, there were three customers that accounted for 63%, 19% and 14% of the Jinshang Leasing’s revenue, respectively.

As of June 30, 2022, two customers accounted 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing. As of June 30, 2021, three customers accounted for 70%,17% and 13%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing.

For the year ended June 30, 2022, there were one that accounted for 100% of the Ruikai Taifu Medical consultation services revenue.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing's revenue, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2022, there were two customers that accounted for 91% and 9% of the Jinshang Leasing's revenue, respectively.

As of June 30, 2023, two customers accounted 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing. As of June 30, 2022, two customers accounted for 55% and 45%, respectively, of the minimum lease payments receivable of Jinshang Leasing.

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For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was one client that accounted for 100% of the Ruikai Taifu Medical consultation services revenue.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was one client that accounted for 100% of the Zhongrui Xukai Medical consultation services revenue.

For the year ended June 30, 2023, there was three clients that accounted for 40% ,11% and 10% of the Tianjin Runcheng Medical equipment revenue.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use.

Net investment in direct financing lease

Lease contracts that Jinshang Leasing enters with financing lease customers transfer substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of the leased assets, other than legal title, to the customers. These financing lease contracts are accounted for as direct financing leases in accordance with ASC 840-10-25 and ASC 840-40-25. At the inception of a transaction, the cost of the leased property is capitalized at the present value of the minimum lease payment receivables and the unguaranteed residual value of the property at the end of the lease. The difference between the sum of (i) the minimum lease payment receivables and the unguaranteed residual value and (ii) the cost of the leased property is recognized as unearned income. Unearned income is recognized over the period of the lease using the effective interest rate method.

Net investment in direct financing leases is recorded at net realizable value consisting of minimum lease payments to be received less allowance for uncollectible, as needed, and less the unearned income. The allowance for lease payment receivable losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. The allowance is based on Jinshang Leasing’s loss history, known and inherent risks in the transactions, adverse situations that may affect the lessee’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying asset, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. While management uses the best information available upon which to base estimates, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used for the purposes of analysis.

Jinshang Leasing provides “Specific Allowance” for the lease payment receivable of lease transactions if any specific collectability risk is identified, and a “General Allowance”, based on total minimum lease payment receivable balance of those transactions with no specific risk identified, to be used to cover unidentified probable loss. Jinshang Leasing performs periodic and systematic detailed reviews to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability, and may adjust its estimates on allowance when new circumstances arise.

Revenue recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. ASC 606 establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing its existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments, transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, the Company concluded that there was no change to the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of ASC 606 and therefore there were no material changes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASC 606.

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Direct financing lease interest income

Direct financing lease interest income is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method over the term of the lease by applying the rate that discounts the estimated future minimum lease payment receivables through the period of the lease to the amount of the net investment in the direct financing lease at inception.

The accrual of financing lease interest income is discontinued when a customer becomes 90 days or more past due on its lease or interest payments to Jinshang Leasing, unless Jinshang Leasing believes the interest is otherwise recoverable. Leases may be placed on non-accrual earlier if Jinshang Leasing has significant doubt about the ability of the customer to meet its lease obligations, as evidenced by consistent delinquency, deterioration in the customer’s financial condition or other relevant factors. Payments received while the lease is on non-accrual are applied to reduce the amount of the recorded value. Jinshang Leasing resumes accruing the interest income when Jinshang Leasing determines that the interest has again become recoverable, as, for example, if the customer resumes payment of the previous interest, and shows material improvement in its operating performance, financial position, and similar indicators.

Contract Balances

For the year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any significant incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers incurred and/or costs incurred in fulfilling contracts with customers within the scope of ASC Topic 606, that shall be recognized as an asset and amortized to expenses in a pattern that matches the timing of the revenue recognition of the related contract.

As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company does not have any contract assets (unbilled receivables) since revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is fulfilled and the payment from customers is not contingent on a future event.

Advances received from customers related to unsatisfied performance obligations are recorded as contract liabilities (unearned income), which will be recognized as revenues upon the satisfaction of performance obligations through the transfer of related promised services to customers.

Allocation to Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient in paragraph ASC Topic 606-10-50-14 and did not disclose the information related to transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, because either the performance obligation of the Company’s contracts with customers has an original expected duration of one year or less or the Company has a right to consideration from a borrower or a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the borrower or the customer of the Company’s performance completed to date, therefore the Company may recognize revenue in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice or collect.

Property and equipment

Plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, with 3% salvage value. The average estimated useful lives of property and equipment are discussed in Note 6.

The Company eliminates the cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired from the corresponding accounts and includes any gain or loss in the statements of income. The Company charges maintenance, repairs and minor renewals directly to expenses as incurred; major additions and improvements of equipment are capitalized

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company applies the provisions of ASC No. 360 Subtopic 10, “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (ASC 360-10) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). ASC 360-10 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

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The Company tests long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment at least annually or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that the net carrying amount of the assets is greater than their fair value. Assets are grouped and evaluated at the lowest level for their identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to the future estimated cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows at the rate the Company utilizes to evaluate potential investments. The Company estimates fair value based on the information available in making whatever estimates, judgments and projections are considered necessary. There were no impairment losses on long-lived assets in the years ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Non-marketable equity investments

On August 28, 2018, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an agreement to acquire a 30% equity interest in HuiYue Finance Leasing (Ningbo) Co., Ltd. (“HuiYue”). HuiYue will be a joint venture between the Company, Mercury International Financial Leasing (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. (formerly translated as Chenxing International (Tianjin) Financial Leasing Co., Ltd) and Zhongtou Jinchuang (China) Financial Holding Group Co., Limited (formerly translated as Sino Investment Jinchuang Financial Holding Co., Ltd). The Company was originally required to pay RMB 300 million ($43.7 million) for its 30% interest in HuiYue.

On October 26, 2018, the parties to the agreement entered into an amendment providing that the Company would acquire only a 15% equity interest in HuiYue (instead of the originally contemplated 30%) for RMB150 million ($21.8 million). Pursuant to the agreement, the Company was required to pay the capital within thirty years, from the date of change of HuiYue’s company registration. The first payment of RMB 20 million ($2.9 million) was made on October 30, 2018. HuiYue will focus on the financial leasing of equipment relating to port logistics, construction machinery, energy conservation and medicine in Ningbo, China. The Company believes that participating in this investment has the opportunity to boost the Company’s growth in the leasing sector by leveraging the local financial, governmental and client resources of the Company.

The Company elected to record its equity investments in this privately held company using the measurement alternative at cost, less impairment, with subsequent adjustments for observable price changes resulting from orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, since the Company does not have significant influence over HuiYue and its investment in HuiYue is without readily determinable fair value. There was no observable price change for the year ended June 30, 2021.

On February 22 2021, a subsidiary of the Company entered into an agreement to Convert Hui Yue’s equity into the creditor’s right of Shenzhen Jiruhai Technology Co., LTD.

On June 16,2021, Beijing Fu Sheng Xing Trading Co., LTD (“Fu Sheng Xing”) was established under the laws of the PRC. Full Shine owns 40% interest in Fu Sheng Xing.

On October 11, 2021, we established Dalian Ruikai Taifu Investment Management Co., LTD., which specializes in the medical equipment sales business. On April 7,2022，We acquired a 71.43% interest in Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., LTD.

On September 19, 2022, Zhongrui Xukai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. acquired 51% shares of Tianjin Runcheng Medical Technology Co., LTD., which is engaged in the sales of medical devices and consumables.

In the future, Wins’s medical business will mainly focus on the following areas:

1)Sales of domestic medical characteristic equipment and consumables.. We have established a sales agent system covering the whole country, and now we are selling PET-CT products (Beijing Ruishi Kang, Beijing Sanuo United, Shanghai United Film), crema ultrasound (Xinbo Medical), B-ultrasound (Shanghai United Film, Samsung), orthopedic consumables (Tianjin Boshuobi) and other products.

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2)Cancer diagnosis and treatment center. We will establish regional cancer diagnosis and treatment centers in major regions of China through mergers and acquisitions and new construction, providing the whole process services of examination, consultation, treatment, recovery and rehabilitation in the field of cancer. It is estimated that in the next five years, we will manage 20,000 beds, set up 15-30 regional cancer screening centers (Pet-CT), and establish a cancer disease cooperation network with 300 county-level grassroots public hospitals to jointly build pathology centers, cancer screening centers, and “medical green channel” services. Some tumor patients were transferred to our cancer diagnosis and treatment center for chemoradiotherapy.

Equity investments in HuiYue accounted for using the measurement alternative are subject to periodic impairment reviews. The Company’s impairment analysis considers both qualitative and quantitative factors that may have a significant effect on the fair value of these equity securities.

All gains and losses on non-marketable equity securities, realized and unrealized, are recognized in non-interest income (expenses).Dividend income is recognized when the right to receive the payment is established.

Fair value measurements

ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments (“Topic 825”) requires disclosure of fair value information for financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheets, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial assets and liabilities from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

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Level 1 -      inputs are based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

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Level 2 -      inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

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Level 3 -      inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

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As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, financial instruments of the Company primarily consisted of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivables, other receivables, and bank and other loans which were carried at cost or amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets, and carrying amounts approximated their fair values because of their generally short maturities or the rate of interest of these instruments approximate the market rate of interest.

Foreign currency translation

The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States Dollar (“US dollars” or “USD”). The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in the PRC is the Chinese Yuan, or Renminbi (“RMB”).

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are converted into functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occurred. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of operations.

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For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries are prepared using RMB and translated into the Company’s functional currency at the exchange rates quoted by www.oanda.com. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during each reporting period, and stockholders’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity.

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Interest expense

Interest expense arising from the loans providing funds for financial leasing contracts is classified as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of income.

Non-interest expenses

Non-interest expenses primarily consist of salary and benefits for employees, travel cost, entertainment expense, depreciation of equipment, office rental expense, professional service fees, office supplies, and similar items.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740 requires a Company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment of the changes.

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded

Operating leases

The Company leases its office premises under lease agreements that qualify as operating leases. The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 and related standards (collectively ASC 842, Leases), which replaced previous lease accounting guidance, on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method of adoption. The Company elected the transition method expedient which allows entities to initially apply the requirements by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. As a result of electing this transition method, prior periods have not been restated.

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among other things, government investigations and tax matters. In accordance with ASC No. 450 Sub topic 20, “Loss Contingencies”, the Company records accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

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Disposal groups (or non-current assets) held-for-sale and discontinued operations

Disposal groups (or non-current assets) are classified as held for sale when their carrying amount is to be recovered principally through a sale transaction and a sale is considered highly probable. The disposal groups or the non- current assets (except for certain assets as explained below) are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets (other than investments in subsidiaries and associates) and investment properties, which are classified as held for sale, would continue to be measured in accordance with the significant accounting policies.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company’s business, the operations and cash flows of which can be clearly distinguished from the rest of the group and which represent a separate major line of business or geographic area of operations, or is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale.

When an operation is classified as discontinued, a single amount is presented in the income statement, which comprises the post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation and the post-tax gain or loss recognized on the measurement to fair value less costs to sell, or on the disposal, of the assets or disposal groups constituting the discontinued operation.

We have funded working capital and other capital requirements primarily by equity contribution from shareholders, cash flow from operations, and bank and other loans. Cash is required to maintain security deposits at banks, to issue capital leases to customers, to repay debts, to make default payments, salaries, office rental expenses, income taxes and other operating expenses.

Our management believes that current levels of cash and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changed business conditions or other developments, and may also need additional cash resources in the future if we wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, strategic cooperation or other similar actions. If it is determined that the cash requirements exceed the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand, we may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain a credit facility.

The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows from continuing operations for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

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Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.07 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, while net cash used in operating activities was approximately $0.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 mainly consisted of $0.06million of cash used in Provision for lease payment receviable. The net cash used in operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2022 mainly consisted of $0.2 million of cash used in minimum lease payment receivable.

Net cash provided by investing activities was$(0.02) million for the year ended June 30, 2023, while net cash used in investing activities was $(0.07) million for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 mainly consisted of $0.01 million of related to purchase of subsidiaries and other business units. Net cash used in financing activities was $(0.09) million for the year ended June 30, 2023, while net cash used in financing activities was nil for the year ended June 30, 2022. shareholders.

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Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following table presents our material contractual obligations as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

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During the year ended June 30, 2018, Jinshang Leasing and a third party jointly entered into certain finance lease contracts with a customer with total contract amount of $70.1 million (RMB464 million). Jinshang Leasing provides financing to the customer of $6.2 million (RMB44 million) (included in Note 4 - net investment in direct financing leases) and the third party provides the remaining financing of $59.4 million (RMB420 million), for a period up to August 2020. Jinshang Leasing also acts as a guarantor and is obligated to pay the third party if the customer fails to pay the obligations when they become due. As of June 30, 2021, the maximum guarantee issued by Jinshang Leasing was $71.5 million (RMB462 million). As of June 30, 2023, the maximum guarantee issued by Jinshang Leasing was $63.9 million (RMB462 million).

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses” (“ASU 2016-13”), which introduces new guidance for credit losses on instruments within its scope. The new guidance introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including, but not limited to, trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and net investments in leases. The new guidance also modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities and requires the entities to determine whether all or a portion of the unrealized loss on an available-for-sale debt security is a credit loss. The standard also indicates that entities may not use the length of time a security has been in an unrealized loss position as a factor in concluding whether a credit loss exists. The ASU is effective for Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years and effective for public companies excluding EGC and smaller reporting companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2016-13 on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12 (“ASU 2019-12”), Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The Group is not early adopting the standard and it is in the process of evaluation the impact of adoption of this new standard on its consolidated financial statements.

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Impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

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In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04—Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This amendment provides that for an entity that presents earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260, the effects of a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is recognized as a dividend should be an adjustment to net income (or net loss) in the basic EPS calculation. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt the amendments in this Update in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

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In July 2021, the FASB issued 2021-05—Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments. Topic 842 requires that a lessor determine whether a lease should be classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease at lease commencement on the basis of specified classification criteria. Under Topic 842, a lessor is not permitted to estimate most variable payments and must exclude variable payments that are not estimated and do not depend on a reference index or a rate from the lease receivable. Subsequently, those excluded variable payments are recognized entirely as lease income when the changes in facts and circumstances on which those variable payments are based occur. Consequently, the net investment in the lease for a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease with variable payments of a certain magnitude that do not depend on a reference index or a rate may be less than the carrying amount of the underlying asset derecognized at lease commencement. As a result, the lessor recognizes a selling loss at lease commencement (hereinafter referred to as a day one loss) even if the lessor expects the arrangement to be profitable overall. Certain preparers and practitioners have continued to highlight that recognizing a day-one loss for a sales-type lease with variable payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate results in reporting outcomes that do not faithfully represent the underlying economics either at lease commencement or over the lease term. Those stakeholders emphasized that users of financial statements are not provided with financial information that is relevant or decision useful in those cases. Rather, the reporting of a loss is counter to the economics of those arrangements, and, thus, the accounting previously required fails to represent the underlying economics neutrally and faithfully. Lease arrangements with variable payment structures based on the performance or use of underlying assets are becoming more prevalent, particularly in the energy industry, and stakeholders from that industry requested that the Board amend the leases guidance to address this issue. This issue also may exist for a direct financing lease with variable payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate. Those stakeholders further highlighted that lessors did not recognize a day-one loss under Topic 840, Leases, because of the longstanding practice to account for certain leases with variable payments as operating leases based on an interpretation of a classification criterion in Topic 840. That classification criterion was not retained in Topic 842. Additionally, the resulting day-one loss issue was not identified or discussed by the Board in deliberations leading to the issuance of Update 2016-02. The amendments in this Update address stakeholders’ concerns by amending the lease classification requirements for lessors to align them with practice under Topic 840. Lessors should classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met:

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1.The lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease in accordance with the classification criteria in paragraphs 842-10-25-2 through 25-3.

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2.The lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss.

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When a lease is classified as operating, the lessor does not recognize a net investment in the lease, does not derecognize the underlying asset, and, therefore, does not recognize a selling profit or loss. The leased asset continues to be subject to the measurement and impairment requirements under other applicable GAAP 3 before and after the lease transaction. The amendments in this Update amend Topic 842, which has different effective dates for public business entities and most entities other than public business entities. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, for all entities, and interim periods within those fiscal years for public business entities and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, for all other entities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

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Impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted(con’t)

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In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-07—Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Determining the Current Price of an Underlying Share for Equity-Classified Share-Based Awards. The measurement objective in Topic 718 for share-based awards is fair value based, and the current price input is measured at fair value. This input is used in determining an award’s fair value. The practical expedient in this Update allows a non-public entity to determine the current price of a share underlying an equityclassified share-based award using the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method. The practical expedient in this Update is effective prospectively for all qualifying awards granted or modified during fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early application, including application in an interim period, is permitted for financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance as of October 25, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

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Except as mentioned above, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and consolidated statements of cash flows.

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ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

The following table sets forth information for our executive officers, directors and director nominees as of the date of this Annual Report. Unless otherwise stated, the address for our directors and executive officers is c/o WINS Finance Holdings Inc. 1F, Building 7, No. 58 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100024, PRC.

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Executive Officers and Directors

Renhui Mu has served as Chief Operating Officer since October 2015 and as a Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since April 2017. Mr. Mu has served as our Co-Chief Executive Officer from October 2015 to April 2017. Mr. Mu joined the Company in October 2013 and served as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer since such date. Previously, Mr. Mu served as a Deputy General Manager of China CITIC Bank (China) Enterprise Bank Department and General Manager of CITIC Bank (China) Enterprise Bank Beijing Branch from January 2010 to September 2013. From December 2006 to December 2009, Mr. Mu served as Vice President of ABN Beijing Branch Enterprise Bank Department. From January 2005 to December 2006, Mr. Mu served as Vice President of Energy and Resource Department in HSBC Bank. From 2000 to January 2005, Mr. Mu served as investment director in the water business department of Hong Kong Inter China Holdings Company. Mr. Mu is a licensed attorney. He obtained his Master degree of civil law and commercial law from Tsinghua University and his Bachelor degree of Arts in English from Tsinghua University in the PRC.

Yuchan Cheng has served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2020. Ms. Yuchan Cheng served as finance director at Runfa Investment Group, a private investment company focuses on the energy industry, from April 2019 to June 2020. From May 2017 to January 2019, she served as finance Director at Beijing Tong Cheng Yi Long Network Technology Co. LTD, an internet finance company. Ms Cheng also served as finance director at OMEGA International Group, an U.S. privately owned company focusing on professional services (consulting, finance/accounting, legal) from August 2013 to March 2017. She served as finance manager at China National Software & Service Co, LTD from November 2008 to July 2013. Ms. Cheng is a certified Tax Agent and Senior Accountant. She got her Bachelor of Management from Beijing Jiaotong University.

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Mr. Jianhua Huang founded Beijing Guoye Fugui Fund Management Company and served as vice general manager from January 2016. From November 2013 to December 2015, Mr. Huang served as manager of investment department at Zhejiang Jinzhou Pipeline Technology Co. LTD. From March 2011 to October 2013, Mr. Huang served as vice manager of investment department at Jilin Aodong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. From Jun 2008 to December 2011, he served as vice manager of financial department at Anhui Fengyuan Group Co. LTD. Mr. Jianhua Huang is an economist, and experienced on investment management, financing, and acquisition and reorganization. Mr. Huang got his college degree of finance from Hubei Institute of Finance and Economics.

Jiyi Li has served as an independent director for the Company since June 2020. Mr. Jiyi Li founded Beijing Microdouble Technology Ltd, an IT company focus on on-line children robot training, in 2018 and has served as its General Manager since then. Previously, Mr. Li served as investment partner at Shengjing Wanglian Technology LLC, a funding company equity invested into SMEs, from August 2015 to January 2018. From October 2012 to August 2015, Mr. Li served as co-founder at Beijing Yunzheng IT Ltd, an on-line finance company. From September 2011 to October 2012, Mr. Li served as secretary of the board and managing partner at Shengjing Wanglian Technology LLC. From February 2008 to September 2011 he served as secretary of the board at Beijing Sumavision Technology LLC. Mr. Li is a licensed attorney. He got his Master of civil law and commercial law from Tsinghua University.

Mr. Wang peng (“Mr. Wang”), has served as an independent director for the Company since April 14，2022. Mr. Wang has experience in the fields of economy, finance, medical care, technology, medical investment management, supply chain management, and corporate mergers and acquisitions. He has an in-depth understanding of emerging industries driven by technological innovation, medical financial investment, and corporate development strategies. From September 1985 to March 1996, Mr. Wang served as attending physician at emergency department of Tianjin Haihe Hospital. From March 1996 to March 2015, he served as trade and freight manager at Tianjin Yinda Trading Company Ltd., a subsidiary of Band of China Tianjin Branch. From April 2015 to April 2022, Mr. Wang served as a consultant at Beijing Tianjian Huaxia Hospital Management Co., Ltd. He also served as general manager at Beijing Xingbang Tianjian Technology Ltd., a subsidiary operating company of Beijing Tianjian Huaxia Hospital Management Co., Ltd. from April 2015 to April 2022. Mr. Wang, Peng received his bachelor degree of medicine at Tianjin Medical University in July 1985.

Arrangements Concerning Election of Directors; Family Relationships

Our current board of directors consists of five directors. We are not a party to, and are not aware of, any voting agreements among our shareholders. In addition, there are no family relationships among our executive officers and directors.

The aggregate compensation paid and other payments expensed by us to our directors and executive officers with respect to the year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $ 242,896 and $170,406 respectively. This amount includes approximately $ 42,333 and $15,968 for the year ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 respectively, set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses, but does not include business travel, professional and business association dues and expenses reimbursed to office holders, and other benefits commonly reimbursed or paid by companies in our industry.

Employment Agreements with Executive Officers

We have entered into a written employment agreement with Renhui Mu and Yuchan Cheng. These agreements contain provisions customary for a company in our industry regarding non-competition and confidentiality of information, but do not provide for a minimum term of employment. The enforceability of covenants not to compete in China and the United States may be subject to limitations.

Our agreement with each of Mr. Mu and Ms. Cheng does not provide for benefits upon the termination of employment with us, other than payment of salary and benefits during the required notice period for termination of the agreement.

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Board of Directors

Independence of Directors

We follow the rules of Nasdaq in determining whether a director is independent. The Nasdaq listing standards define an “independent director” as a person, other than an executive officer of a company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the issuer’s board of directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Consistent with these considerations, our board of directors has determined that Xiaofeng Zhong, Jiyi Li and Weiqi Chen are independent directors of our company. Our independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight

Mr. Mu serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors and as Chief Executive Officer of our company. We believe in the importance of independent oversight and we will endeavor to ensure that this oversight is truly independent and effective through a variety of means, including:

Given the small size of the Board of Directors, we do not believe that Mr. Mu’s combined role of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman impact the independent oversight of our majority independent board

Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors

Audit Committee Information

The audit committee of our board of directors is comprised of Jianhua Huang, Jiyi Li and Xin He. serves as the chairman of the audit committee. Each of the members of the audit committee is independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. The purposes of the audit committee, as specified in our Audit Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to: