Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-38823

HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware						83-2538002
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1202 BMC Drive, Suite 100, Cedar Park, TX						78613
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)						(Zip Code)

(833) 495-4466

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share

HYLN

NYSE American LLC

As of November 7, 2024, 173,734,435 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	24
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	24
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	24
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
Item 5.	Other Information	25
Item 6.	Exhibits	25

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	12,881
Accounts receivable	1,257		40
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,678		18,483
Short-term investments	122,897		150,297
Assets held for sale	3,463		—
Total current assets	161,360		181,701

Property and equipment, net	17,428		9,987
Operating lease right-of-use assets	5,779		7,070
Other assets	1,173		1,439
Long-term investments	86,545		128,186
Total assets	$	272,285	$	328,383

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,654	$	4,224
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,531		847
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,975		10,051
Total current liabilities	9,160		15,122

Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	4,997		6,792
Other liabilities	400		203
Total liabilities	14,557		22,117

Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)

Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 184,335,183 and 183,071,317 shares issued at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; 173,725,113 and 183,034,255 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	18		18
Additional paid-in capital	407,259		404,045
Treasury stock, at cost; 10,610,070 and 37,062 shares as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	(14,135)		(33)
Accumulated deficit	(135,414)		(97,764)
Total stockholders’ equity	257,728		306,266
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	272,285	$	328,383

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	—	$	96	$	—	$	672
Total revenues	—		96		—		672
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	—		677		—		1,675
Total cost of revenues	—		677		—		1,675
Gross loss	—		(581)		—		(1,003)
Operating expenses
Research and development	9,462		25,115		25,741		73,472
Selling, general and administrative	5,648		8,186		18,502		30,265
Exit and termination costs	(929)		—		2,946		—
Total operating expenses	14,181		33,301		47,189		103,737
Loss from operations	(14,181)		(33,882)		(47,189)		(104,740)

Interest income	2,979		3,534		9,504		10,345
Gain on disposal of assets	—		—		3		1
Other income, net	—		26		32		14
Net loss	$	(11,202)	$	(30,322)	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.52)

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	173,612,768		181,641,060		175,302,069		180,914,250

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	183,071,317	$	18	(37,062)	$	(33)	$	404,045	$	(97,764)	$	306,266
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	945,378	—		—	—		(247)		—		(247)
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,320		—		1,320
Repurchase of treasury stock	—	—		(8,675,395)	(11,337)		—		—		(11,337)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(15,592)		(15,592)
Balance at March 31, 2024	184,016,695	$	18	(8,712,457)	$	(11,370)	$	405,118	$	(113,356)	$	280,410
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	138,419	—		—	—		(68)		—		(68)
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,125		—		1,125
Repurchase of treasury stock	—	—		(1,897,613)	(2,771)		—		—		(2,771)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(10,856)		(10,856)
Balance at June 30, 2024	184,155,114	$	18	(10,610,070)	$	(14,141)	$	406,175	$	(124,212)	$	267,840
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	180,069	—		—	—		(12)		—		(12)
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,096		—		1,096
Repurchase of treasury stock	—	—		—	6		—		—		6
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(11,202)		(11,202)
Balance at September 30, 2024	184,335,183	$	18	(10,610,070)	$	(14,135)	$	407,259	$	(135,414)	$	257,728


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		(Accumulated Deficit) Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2022	179,826,309	$	18	—	$	—	$	397,810	$	25,746	$	423,574
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	869,263	—		—	—		(176)		—		(176)
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		2,040		—		2,040
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(28,831)		(28,831)
Balance at March 31, 2023	180,695,572	$	18	—	$	—	$	399,674	$	(3,085)	$	396,607
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	456,579	—		—	—		44		—		44
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,721		—		1,721
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(35,227)		(35,227)
Balance at June 30, 2023	181,152,151	$	18	—	$	—	$	401,439	$	(38,312)	$	363,145
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	1,564,294	—		—	—		130		—		130
Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,409		—		1,409
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(30,322)		(30,322)
Balance at September 30, 2023	182,716,445	$	18	—	$	—	$	402,978	$	(68,634)	$	334,362

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollar amounts in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,140		1,796
Amortization and accretion of investments, net	(2,489)		(1,821)
Noncash lease expense	1,291		1,072
Inventory write-down	—		992
Gain on disposal of assets, including assets held for sale	(2,109)		(1)
Share-based compensation	3,541		5,170
Carrying value adjustment to assets held for sale	5,564		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(580)		996
Inventory	—		(1,057)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,215)		(1,200)
Accounts payable	(2,655)		555
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(4,018)		(3,295)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,111)		(1,254)
Net cash used in operating activities	(43,291)		(92,427)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(10,548)		(6,755)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4,110		2

Payments for security deposit, net	—		(45)
Purchase of investments	(55,383)		(170,197)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments	126,686		178,556
Net cash provided by investing activities	64,865		1,561

Cash flows from financing activities


Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	67		230
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(393)		(232)
Repurchase of treasury stock	(13,982)		—
Net cash used in financing activities	(14,308)		(2)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	7,266		(90,868)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	21,464		120,133
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	28,730	$	29,265

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Repurchase of treasury stock included in accrued expenses	$	120	$	—
Acquisitions of property and equipment included in accounts payable and other	$	227	$	512
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—	$	2,096

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except as separately indicated)

Note 1. Overview

Hyliion Holdings Corp. is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Cedar Park, Texas, with research and development facilities near Cincinnati, Ohio, that designs and develops power generators for stationary and mobile applications and provides research and development services. References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires.

Note 2. Disposals

Strategic Plan Wind Down

On November 7, 2023, the Board of the Company approved a strategic plan to wind down its powertrain business and preserve the related intellectual property (the “Plan”). We have not accounted for the impacts of the Plan as a discontinued operation through September 30, 2024 as we have not abandoned or sold the underlying intellectual property. We historically provided limited assurance-type warranties under our powertrain contracts and plan to continue to service such warranties through their remaining term, with the majority ending in 2024.

Total charges and expenses (income) related to the Plan of ($0.9) million and $2.9 million for the three and nine months, respectively, ended September 30, 2024, inclusive of recoveries from assets sold and charges to assets held for sale discussed below, are included in exit and termination costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The change in total liabilities associated with the Plan is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities as presented in Note 8, and accounts payable, and is summarized as follows (in millions):


	June 30, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		September 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.4	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.3
Contract terminations	1.0		—		(0.2)		0.8
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	1.5	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	1.2


	March 31, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		June 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.7	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	0.4
Contract terminations	2.1		—		(1.1)		1.0
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	2.9	$	—	$	(1.4)	$	1.5


	December 31, 2023		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		March 31, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	1.1	$	—	$	(0.4)	$	0.7
Contract terminations	6.5		(0.7)		(3.7)		2.1
Warranty obligations	0.4		(0.3)		—		0.1
	$	8.0	$	(1.0)	$	(4.1)	$	2.9

The above estimates of the cash expenditures and charges that the Company expects to incur in connection with the Plan, and the timing thereof, are subject to a number of assumptions and actual amounts may differ materially from estimates. In addition, the Company may incur other cash expenditures or charges not currently contemplated due to unanticipated events.

Assets Held for Sale

Through the quarter ended September 30, 2024, certain assets of our powertrain business, including Class 8 semi-trucks and capital equipment, were being actively marketed for sale, and we were actively locating buyers for these assets at prices that were reasonable in relation to their current fair value and the assets were available for immediate sale in their present condition. At the time of initial classification as held for sale, we estimated that the sale of these assets was expected to be completed within one year and it was unlikely that significant changes to the plan of sale would be made. We review assets held for sale each reporting period to determine whether the existing carrying amounts are fully recoverable in comparison to their estimated fair values less costs to sell.

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HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except as separately indicated)

We had assets held for sale of $3.5 million consisting of property and equipment in connection with the Plan at their fair value less costs to sell at September 30, 2024. We used fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including comparable assets, adjusted for condition, and recorded charges of $0.0 million and $5.6 million included in exit and termination costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the three and nine months, respectively, ended September 30, 2024. The estimates of fair value less costs to sell are subject to a number of assumptions and actual amounts may differ materially from estimates.

We recorded net benefits for recoveries related to asset sales of $0.9 million and $2.1 million included in exit and termination costs in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the three and nine months, respectively, ended September 30, 2024 and included in gain on disposal of assets in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 was derived from audited financial statements for the fiscal year then ended, but does not include all necessary disclosures required with respect to annual financial statements. In the opinion of the Company, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2023 Annual Report. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year or for any future period.

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company is an early-stage growth company and has generated negative cash flows from operating activities since inception. At September 30, 2024, the Company had total equity of $257.7 million, inclusive of cash and cash equivalents of $28.1 million and total investments of $209.4 million. Based on this, the Company has sufficient funds to continue to execute its business strategy for the next twelve months from the issuance date of the financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve assets held for sale, income taxes and valuation of share-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Concentration of Supplier Risk

The Company is dependent on certain suppliers, many of which are single source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of the Company’s products in a timely manner at prices, quality levels and volumes that are acceptable, or the Company’s inability to efficiently manage these components from these suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents only if in checking, savings or money market accounts. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions which it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances to date. The Company believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions to be minimal.

Restricted Cash

The Company provided a supplier with a letter of credit for $7.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 to secure the performance of the Company’s obligations to purchase semi-trucks related to the Founders Program, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the supplier. The Company was released from this letter of credit in the first quarter of 2024.

The Company has provided its corporate headquarters lessor with a letter of credit for $0.7 million to secure the performance of the Company’s lease obligations, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the lessor. Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	12,881	$	28,600	$	119,468
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		7,918		—		—
Restricted cash included in other assets	665		665		665		665
	$	28,730	$	21,464	$	29,265	$	120,133

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for potential account losses on the balance based on the Company’s evaluation of the anticipated impact of current economic conditions, changes in the character and size of the balance, past and expected future loss experience and other pertinent factors. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no accounts receivable due from customers or allowances for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable consisted of amounts due from performance of government contracts for which the Company was a prime and subcontractor and for sales of equipment associated with the wind down of the powertrain business.

Investments

The Company’s investments consist of corporate bonds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, state and local municipal bonds and commercial paper, all of which are classified as held-to-maturity, with a maturity date of 36-months or less at the time of purchase. The Company determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Investments are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization, along with interest, is included in interest income. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of securities sold.

Investments are impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company evaluates investments for impairment by considering the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost or amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer as well as specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell the security or the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense) and a new cost basis in the investment is established.

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level I: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date;

Level II: Significant other observable inputs other than level I prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

Level III: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of investments is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. As a result, investments are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Inventories

Through September 30, 2024, we have not yet commercialized the KARNO generator. Costs incurred for components acquired prior to our determination of reaching a commercial stage are expensed as research and development costs, resulting in zero cost basis for those components. As a result, moving-average prices for inventory that is capitalized in future periods may be significantly affected by those zero cost items.

Revenue

The Company has been performing under two contracts as both a prime and subcontractor to the United States government to provide research and development services in contractual amounts up to $2.4 million. The larger of these two contracts was modified and will be accounted for as a new contract in the quarter ending December 31, 2024. These contracts were not accounted for as revenue as they were not made in the ordinary course of business and the counterparties were not customers under GAAP. In September 2024, the Company was awarded a cost-plus-fixed fee contract up to $16.0 million by the United States Department of the Navy’s Office of Naval Research (“ONR”) to research the applicability of its KARNO generator for navy ships and stationary power applications. Under the agreement, the Company will provide up to seven KARNO generators and related research and development services through September 2026. The ONR contract represented a significant change in business strategy toward providing research and development activities in the ordinary course of business in addition to designing and developing power generators for stationary and mobile applications. The Company will account for all three contracts under ASC 606 beginning in the quarter ending December 31, 2024.

The amounts remaining to be billed on these contracts was up to $17.2 million as of September 30, 2024. We had accounts receivable due on these contracts of $0.5 million and nil at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and no allowance for doubtful accounts. Inventory is consumed in the performance of these contracts in the quarter in which it is purchased and we therefore do not record inventory at each reporting period pertaining to these contracts.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs did not meet the requirements to be recognized as an asset as the associated future benefits were at best uncertain and there was no alternative future use at the time the costs were incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, outsourced engineering services, allocated facilities costs, depreciation on equipment utilized in research and development activities, internal engineering and development expenses, materials, internally developed software and employee related expenses (including salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation) related to development of the Company’s products and services.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to enable investors to better understand the major components of an entity’s income statement. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), to enhance transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve the disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

Note 4. Investments

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, fair value and maturities of our held-to-maturity investments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	3,444	$	7	$	—	$	3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	19,674		13		(28)		19,659
State and municipal bonds	10,885		32		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	175,439		1,016		(15)		176,440
	$	209,442	$	1,068	$	(43)	$	210,467


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	35,218	$	18	$	(10)	$	35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	27,602		56		(186)		27,472
State and municipal bonds	15,262		1		(48)		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	200,401		515		(255)		200,661
	$	278,483	$	590	$	(499)	$	278,574


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	122,897	$	123,220	$	150,297	$	149,934
Due after one year through five years	86,545		87,247		128,186		128,640
	$	209,442	$	210,467	$	278,483	$	278,574

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value measurements of our financial assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	—	$	—	$	28,065
Restricted cash	665		—		—		665
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		3,451		—		3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	—		19,659		—		19,659
State and municipal bonds	—		10,917		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	—		176,440		—		176,440
	$	28,730	$	210,467	$	—	$	239,197


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,881	$	—	$	—	$	12,881
Restricted cash	8,583		—		—		8,583
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		35,226		—		35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	—		27,472		—		27,472
State and municipal bonds	—		15,215		—		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	—		200,661		—		200,661
	$	21,464	$	278,574	$	—	$	300,038

Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Production machinery and equipment	$	18,734	$	10,376
Vehicles	912		2,013
Leasehold improvements	4,074		2,236
Office furniture and fixtures	248		223
Computers and related equipment	2,086		1,963
	26,054		16,811
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,626)		(6,824)
Total property and equipment, net	$	17,428	$	9,987

We began placing new additive manufacturing equipment into service in our Cedar Park facility during the current quarter, with useful lives up to 12 years, included in production machinery and equipment.

Note 7. Share-Based Compensation

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 6.1 million and 2.2 million, respectively, restricted stock units which will vest over a period of one to three years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 1.2 million and 0.6 million, respectively, of restricted stock units and options were forfeited. Share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

In May 2024, stockholders of the Company approved the Hyliion Holdings Corp. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan which allows issuance of up to 8,000,000 shares, subject to certain adjustments.

Of the restricted stock units granted in the first quarter of 2024, 2.7 million units may vest between February 13, 2025 and December 31, 2026 contingent upon achieving underlying closing stock price thresholds. These awards were valued at $0.83 per unit using fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including an underlying share volatility of 90% and a risk-free rate of 4.35%. There were no material amounts of market-conditioned awards granted after the first quarter of 2024.

Note 8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued professional services and other	$	1,822	$	2,606
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,516		1,510
Other accrued liabilities	470		1,922
Accrued severance, contract termination, and other charges	1,167		4,013
	$	5,975	$	10,051

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

Economic Incentive Agreement

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, in connection with our operations in Cedar Park, Texas, the Company entered into an agreement with the Cedar Park Economic Development Corporation (“EDC”) that superseded prior agreements, whereby the Company would receive cash grants up to $1.1 million from the EDC at various measurement dates during the term of the agreement contingent upon the Company fulfilling and maintaining certain occupancy, investment, and employment requirements. The requirements must be met on or before specific measurement dates and maintained throughout the term of the agreement, which expires effective December 31, 2029. The Company has received payments to date of $0.4 million which remain refundable and subject to these performance requirements and are included within other liabilities as of September 30, 2024. Under the agreement, the EDC has the right to file a security interest to all assets of the Company.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. The Company believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 10. Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,202)	$	(30,322)	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	173,612,768		181,641,060		175,302,069		180,914,250

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.52)

Potential common shares excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Unexercised stock options	190,529	683,090
Unvested restricted stock units*	6,446,843	3,976,223
	6,637,372	4,659,313

* Potential common shares from unvested restricted stock units for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 include no and 653,334 shares, respectively, where no accounting grant date had been established.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiary Hyliion Inc., unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto in our 2023 Annual Report.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our strategy, prospects, plans, objectives, future operations, future revenue and earnings, projected margins and expenses, markets for our services, potential acquisitions or strategic alliances, financial position, and liquidity and anticipated cash needs and availability. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words and similar expressions or the negatives thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements. However, not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements represent our management’s expectations as of the date of this filing and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of the forward-looking statements, and you should be aware that results and events could differ materially and adversely from those contained in the forward-looking statements due to a number of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in other documents we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”) that disclose risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other documents we file from time to time with the Commission. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we do not undertake, and expressly disclaim any duty, to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, new developments, or otherwise and even if experience or future changes make it clear that any projected results expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or future quarterly reports, press releases or company statements will not be realized. Unless specifically indicated otherwise, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q do not reflect the potential impact of any divestitures, mergers, acquisitions or other business combinations that have not been completed as of the date of this filing. In addition, the inclusion of any statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q does not constitute an admission by us that the events or circumstances described in such statement are material. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. In addition, the industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors including those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These and other factors could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Hyliion is committed to creating innovative solutions that enable clean, efficient, and flexible electricity production while contributing positively to the environment in the energy economy. The KARNO generator is a modular, fuel-agnostic power generating solution, enabled by additive manufacturing, that leverages a linear heat engine to generate electricity with significant improvements in efficiency, emissions and lifecycle operating cost compared to conventional generators. The Company’s primary focus is to provide distributed power generators that operate on a wide range of fuel sources to adapt to an ever-changing energy economy. Hyliion is initially targeting the commercial sector with a locally-deployable generator designed to meet a wide range of power generation needs. This versatile generator is designed to operate on both conventional fuels and waste fuels such as landfill and flare gas. The Company plans to scale up its generator solution to address larger utility-scale power needs and to develop future variants for household use and mobile applications such as vehicles and marine vessels. Additionally, the generator technology is well-suited to provide combined heat and power (“CHP”) in various stationary applications.

Business Update - United States Government Contract

In September 2024, Hyliion was awarded a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract of up to $16 million by the United States Department of the Navy’s Office of Naval Research (“ONR”) to assess the applicability of its KARNO generator for navy vessels and stationary power applications. The contract aligns with ONR’s objective of leveraging advanced technology to reduce its carbon footprint while enhancing operating capabilities. Hyliion believes the KARNO generator can provide a versatile, efficient, and

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reliable power solution to meet the unique demands of U.S. naval operations in maritime environments. Upon successful validation and demonstration, the KARNO generator could be used as an electric power system in future platforms and for stationary power needs.

Market Opportunity

The U.S. electrical grid is facing a multitude of challenges as it strives to manage the escalating demand for electricity while adapting to evolving generating resources. The electrification of transportation, particularly the growing adoption of electric vehicles, is adding substantial load to the grid. Additionally, the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power introduces variability and necessitates grid modernization and storage solutions for stability. Hyliion believes that localized grid generation will become an increasing part of the solution to these challenges.

Hyliion also believes that the KARNO generator is suitable for a wide range of electrical power generating stationary and mobile applications and can address many concerns with conventional generators that inhibit consumers from adopting onsite generating systems today, including cost versus grid power, reliability, maintenance needs, noise, inflexibility and emissions. Additionally, the KARNO generator is expected to be able to operate using a wide range of fuel sources including carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia.

The planned initial KARNO generator variant is both power dense and easy to deploy. It consists of a single four-shaft 200 kW generating unit along with essential balance-of-plant components, all arranged within a space-efficient, rectangular configuration occupying approximately three cubic meters. Later planned developments include a 2 MW system with multiple KARNO generators inside the approximate footprint of a 20-foot shipping container. Over time, we expect larger and smaller capacity versions of the KARNO generator will be offered with power levels varying based on the number of generator shafts included or the size of component parts. The KARNO generator will initially compete in the market for power applications between 200 kW to 5 MW and later extend to larger and smaller power configurations.

We currently expect initial generator deployments to customers in late 2024 and 2025. These early deployments will test and validate KARNO generator product attributes including efficiency, emissions, maintenance requirements, durability, control systems and other parameters. We expect to receive compensation for these initial deployments as we believe the generator will provide tangible benefits to customers. We also expect that early deployments will demonstrate the effectiveness of the KARNO generator in a wide range of electrical generating applications. Target markets include:

•Prime Power: Most consumers prefer the grid versus generating power locally due to the grid’s inherent advantages of simplicity, convenience, scalability and cost effectiveness. For critical applications such as data centers, hospitals and refrigerated warehouses, local generators are needed in case of a grid power failure. The KARNO generator introduces the opportunity for certain power consumers to rethink their primary and secondary power sources. Due to its unique attributes in comparison to conventional generators, including high efficiency across power levels, minimal maintenance requirements, and reduced noise and emissions, the KARNO generator is a potentially more cost-effective base load power source for consumers, who could then utilize the electric grid as a backup source of power. This arrangement holds particular appeal for consumers facing high grid electrical costs and low fuel costs, such as natural gas.

•Vehicle Charging: The rapid growth of consumer electric vehicles is increasingly straining grid capacity and reliability. The introduction of commercial EVs, such as buses, delivery vans and large trucks is expected to intensify this challenge given their substantial power requirements during charging. Many commercial operators cite the lack of electrical capacity access as the primary obstacle to expanding their electric vehicle fleets. In this regard, we believe the KARNO generator offers a unique solution for vehicle charging. Its flexibility in fuel sources, including the ability to use hydrogen, along with its low emissions and noise levels offer advantages over internal combustion generators. A KARNO generator can also modulate power with minimal efficiency loss by activating or deactivating individual generators and by regulating the heat input to each generator. Finally, KARNO’s high power density allows it to be deployed as a localized power source for vehicle charging without displacing a large amount of parking space.

•Waste Gas Power Generation: Natural gas sourced from waste sites like landfills, water treatment plants and dairy farms is a growing market as producers seek to capture sources of methane emissions that would otherwise be released into the atmosphere or flared. Also known as renewable natural gas (“RNG”), most sources are typically treated to remove impurities such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and moisture before the gas can be utilized or injected into natural gas pipelines. We believe the KARNO generator can compete effectively as a power generator fueled by waste gases with minimal pre-treatment of the fuels.

•Flare Gas: Similarly, natural gas extracted from gas or oil wells frequently requires processing to remove natural gas liquids and impurities. At remote well sites, gas may be flared, or burned, due to insufficient pipeline capacity for transmission to consuming markets. The KARNO generator creates a new opportunity – to transform flare gas into

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valuable electricity, destined either for integration into the electric grid or for localized consumption. As with RNG, the KARNO generator is anticipated to use flare gas with limited need for pre-treatment at a gas processing facility.

•Peak Shaving: “Peaking charges” also referred to as “demand charges” are fees imposed by utilities on customers based on their highest recorded electricity usage during a billing cycle, often measured over a short interval, such as 15 minutes. These charges serve to recuperate the expenses associated with maintaining grid capacity during periods of peak demand. For customers with substantial peak demand, such as large industrial facilities and data centers, peaking charges can significantly inflate their electric bills. Additionally, time-based electricity rates are now common to reduce demand on the grid during peak times. Peak rates can be two to three times higher than base rates, increasing electricity charges even further for consumers. In this context, distributed generation sources like the KARNO generator can help to mitigate the financial impact of peaking charges and rates by supplementing grid power during peak consumption periods.

•Backup Power: The market for local backup power generators is well established but also poised for growth due to reduced reliability of the power grid, a greater share of intermittent renewable sources of electricity, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, and the need for continuous power supply in critical applications. Generator emissions are a growing concern in the backup power market due to increased focus on the health impacts of harmful compounds such as nitrogen oxides (“NOx”), carbon monoxide (“CO”), and volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”). To address these concerns, emissions control technologies are often incorporated for conventional generators and alternative sources of fuel like natural gas are replacing diesel, which is also a source of particulate matter emissions if exhaust gases are untreated. The backup power market is another opportunity for the KARNO generator which is particularly attractive for its low level of emissions and low noise level while in operation. The KARNO generator is expected to reduce CO and NOx emissions by over 95% compared to diesel generators, and potentially without the need for exhaust after-treatment. We therefore believe that KARNO generator presents an opportunity to provide solutions for end users that desire a lower emissions profile and in the event emissions regulations are further tightened.

•Mobility: Longer-term, we plan to develop variants for mobile applications including on-highway applications, rail (locomotives) and marine vessels.

Following initial deployments in late 2024, we expect to ramp up commercialization of the KARNO generator including expansion of production capacity and establishment of sales and distribution channels, potentially including market collaborations and extending our reach outside of the U.S. In the future, we intend to develop KARNO generators of different sizes and configurations to capitalize on KARNO’s unique advantages and extend these advantages across a broader range of market opportunities.

KARNO Generator System

The KARNO generator emerged out of General Electric’s long-running research and development investments in aerospace and metal additive manufacturing across multiple industries and in areas such as generator thermal and performance design. We initially envisioned utilizing the KARNO generator as new range-extending power source for the Hypertruck powertrain system, given its ability to operate on a wide range of fuel sources, including natural gas and hydrogen. After the previously announced wind down of our powertrain operations, we shifted our focus to the development and commercialization of the KARNO generator and related research and development services that we have undertaken pursuant to contracts with the United States government. We believe that the unique capabilities of the KARNO generator will make it competitive in the stationary power market, competing favorably against conventional electrical generating systems and opening up potential new markets to enhance grid power availability and reliability. The KARNO generator technology, including the technology that we acquired from General Electric and the technology developed by Hyliion subsequent to the acquisition, is protected by numerous patents and trademarks which we believe provide Hyliion extensive and lasting protection for its intellectual property.

KARNO Generator Development

Our ongoing efforts with the KARNO generator encompass activities such as its design, development and rigorous testing, along with the development of essential balance-of-plant systems including cooling and controls systems. Notably, we have reached a significant milestone by constructing the 125 kW ALPHA generator which we have been testing in our development facility. Simultaneously, we are designing and assembling a 200 kW BETA generator, which is expected to serve as our design for initial commercial deployments. We have also showcased a KARNO generator integrated as an on-board generator for our Hypertruck ERX powertrain system and with potential stationary power customers. Moreover, we successfully demonstrated the generator’s capability to feed power back to the electric grid from our Cincinnati, Ohio facility and confirmed through

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testing the capability of the generator’s oxidation system to be fueled using untreated natural gas from a Permian Basin well site.

As we progress toward our anticipated initial stationary generator deployments, scheduled for late 2024, pivotal development activities are underway, including enhancements to the linear generator system and its controls, validation of essential operating parameters, including efficiency, emissions and reliability, and build-out of balance-of-plant systems and controls. These initial generator deployments, coupled with our ongoing testing and development endeavors, will play a vital role in the validation of other critical design specifications, including the generator’s projected operating life, maintenance requirements and durability.

We expect to achieve efficiencies over time, leading to a reduction in the manufacturing and assembly costs associated with the KARNO generator. These efficiencies will stem in part from advancements in the speed and capacity of additive manufacturing machines offered by GE and other vendors. The pace of advancements in additive technology are expected to improve over time, with the output of machines we intend to acquire over the next three to four years projected to increase compared to machines available today. Additionally, we are actively pursuing design modifications that will enable specific components with simple geometry to be produced through conventional manufacturing processes. Moreover, for less critical components, we are exploring utilization of lower-cost and lightweight materials like aluminum. Lastly, we anticipate that economies of scale will reduce system component costs.

The Science of KARNO

The KARNO generator is distinguished from conventional generating systems that rely on reciprocating internal combustion engines or gas turbines to drive a rotating shaft. In contrast, the KARNO generator harnesses the power of a heat engine to propel a linear generating system. This innovative generator derives its linear motion from temperature differences inside the engine. The generation of heat within the system occurs through flameless oxidation of fuels, like natural gas, hydrogen, or propane. This thermal energy causes helium gas enclosed within a sealed cylinder to expand, thereby propelling linear motion in a connected piston-shaft system which includes a sequence of permanent magnets situated on the shaft passing through electrical coils. Subsequently, the counter-motion generated by a piston at the opposite end of the shaft flows the helium gas to the cold side of a piston in an adjacent shaft, where excess heat is efficiently dissipated. This cyclical process continues, resulting in a continuous source of electrical power for so long as heat is supplied to the generator.

Linear generators present several advantages over conventional generators, with key benefits including reduced maintenance, attributable to their simplified design with few moving parts. Additionally, they exhibit high power density and higher efficiency by circumventing the mechanical losses linked to rotating components such as bearings and gears while producing less noise and vibration. In the case of KARNO, each shaft of the generator relies on a single moving part and utilizes a pressurized helium bearing system in place of oil-based lubricants.

Heat engines offer the advantages of fuel flexibility and high operating efficiency. The KARNO generator stands out for its ability to maximize heat transfer between components and working fluids. Enabled by advances in additive manufacturing systems, parts are designed with a large number of intricate flow channels for the movement of heat, cooling water, helium and exhaust gases such that contact surface areas for heat transfer are maximized. This enables the KARNO generator to achieve high levels of efficiency.

The KARNO generator is expected to surpass the efficiency of conventional generating systems when employing various fuel sources and even outperform fuel cells when using hydrogen. Notably, its high efficiency remains consistent across a broad range of output power levels. In contrast, fuel cells reach peak efficiency at low power levels but experience diminishing efficiency as output increases towards full power. Internal combustion engines typically achieve peak efficiency within a limited operational output range and may suffer increased wear at low power levels. The KARNO generator offers a distinct advantage in power adjustment by modulating the rate of heat introduction, enabling seamless power adjustments without compromising the generator’s efficiency.

We anticipate that the KARNO generator will achieve an electrical generating efficiency of nearly 50%, calculated by considering the usable output power in relation to the energy from the fuel source. High efficiency is expected to remain relatively consistent across a wide range of output power levels, spanning from tens of kilowatts to multiple megawatts. In contrast, internal combustion diesel generators typically operate within an efficiency range of 25% to 40% over a similar power spectrum, while the U.S. electrical power grid is estimated to operate at an efficiency between 33% and 40%. Notably, best-in-class grid-level gas turbine powerplants can obtain efficiencies ranging between 45% to 55%. However, they incur transmission and distribution losses between 5% and 10% which the KARNO generator can circumvent by being strategically located near the point of power consumption.

Conventional generators emit pollutants as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel-air mixtures, with the formation of NOx compounds being particularly prominent. Unlike conventional generators, which often employ internal combustion engines operating at high temperatures with rapid and incomplete fuel combustion, the KARNO generator is designed for continuous fuel oxidation at lower temperatures than internal combustion engines and extended burn times. This is achieved partly through

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the recirculation of exhaust gases, which serves to prolong combustion duration and by pre-heating incoming air. As a result, the KARNO generator is anticipated to achieve low levels of emissions, with CO and NOx emissions expected to be reduced by over 95% compared to best-in-class diesel engines and targeting CARB 2027 standards without the need for aftertreatment.

One of the notable advantages of the KARNO generator, in comparison to traditional generating units, is the expected significant reduction in maintenance requirements and cost. Conventional generators typically incur periodic and usage-based maintenance expense that can range between 5% to 20% of their total operating cost throughout their lifespan, influenced by factors such as utilization and operating parameters. KARNO’s primary advantage arises from having only a single moving linear actuator per shaft (4 shafts per 200 kW generator), which glides linearly on low friction helium bearings. This innovative design significantly mitigates efficiency losses attributed to friction, enhances the system’s operational longevity and eliminates the need for oil-based lubricants commonly found in conventional generators. Furthermore, internal combustion engines require extensive overhauls after specific operating periods which are costly, require specialized expertise, and result in prolonged downtime. Conversely, the KARNO generator is projected to require less costly and simplified maintenance service than internal combustion engines, translating into both cost savings and reduced downtime.

The KARNO generator, functioning as a heat engine, derives advantages from its expected capability to operate across a diverse spectrum of over 20 available fuel sources and fuel mixtures. These include natural gas, propane, gasoline, jet fuel, and alternative fuels like bio-diesel, hydrogen and ammonia. Moreover, the generator can seamlessly transition between these fuels or fuel blends, requiring few or no physical modifications to its flameless oxidation system. This versatility enables a single generator to adapt to different use cases. For example, the generator may operate on natural gas for prime power generation when a pipeline connection is available and on waste gas near a landfill or dairy farm. Furthermore, as hydrogen becomes more widely available, the KARNO generator will be able to adapt to this cleaner fuel. As the energy landscape evolves, the KARNO generator’s fuel-agnostic nature positions it as a flexible solution to electricity generation needs.

Benefits of the KARNO Generator Versus Conventional Competitors

We believe the versatility and operating characteristics of the KARNO generator make it an effective system for a variety of conventional and emerging electrical generating applications. Key attributes of the KARNO generator distinguish it from its conventional generator counterparts, which may open new market opportunities:

•Generator Efficiency: The anticipated operating efficiency of the KARNO generator could result in lower cost of electricity versus conventional generating systems and, in many markets, grid power.

•Low Maintenance: With only a single moving part per shaft, the simplicity of the KARNO generator is expected to reduce both periodic maintenance expenses and expected overhaul costs.

•Fuel Agnostic: While many traditional generators operate on a single fuel source or require system modification to achieve fuel flexibility, the KARNO generator is truly fuel-agnostic, and can switch between fuel choices during operation with few or no modifications.

•Low Noise and Vibration: Unlike conventional generators, the KARNO generator operates without internal combustion, resulting in a significantly lower noise level of approximately 67 decibels at six feet, which is approximately equivalent to a typical conversation.

•Higher Power Density: The unique architecture and features of the KARNO generator that are enabled by advances in additive manufacturing, enable the generator to achieve a high level of power density. For example, a 200 kW generator occupies less than a cubic meter of volume, excluding balance-of-plant systems.

•Modularity: The power output of a KARNO generator can be modulated by changing the level of heat applied to the system. For larger power applications above 200 kW, multiple KARNO generators can be assembled to operate as a single unit and individual generators can be turned on or off to adjust the total power output of the system.

•Fast Startup Time: It is anticipated that the KARNO generator will be able to begin generating electricity from a cold start in approximately 30 to 60 seconds. Additionally, full power can be achieved in a matter of minutes. Conversely, some generating systems, such as solid oxide fuel cells, require a warm-up period of up to 30 minutes.

Key Factors Affecting Operating Results

We believe that our performance and future success depend on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including but not limited to economic uncertainties, supply chain disruptions, inflation and high interest rates as well as those discussed below and referenced in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors”.

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Commercialization of KARNO Generator

Our focus is on continuing development and testing of our fuel-agnostic KARNO stationary generator and planning for the deployment of initial revenue-generating units with customers in late 2024. We anticipate that a substantial portion of our capital resources and efforts in the near future will be focused these activities. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements, if any, will depend on many factors, including but not limited to the pace of completing initial KARNO generator design, testing and validation, the pace at which we invest in generator additive printing capacity, our plans for manufacturing KARNO generator components (whether in-house or through outsourcing to third parties), the range of product offerings we plan to bring to market and external market factors beyond our control.

Key Components of Statements of Operations

Revenue

We historically generated revenues from sales of Hybrid systems for Class 8 semi-trucks and limited quantities of Class 8 semi-trucks outfitted with the Hybrid system. As a result of the discontinuation of the electrified powertrain systems business and the shift to focus on the development and commercialization of the Company’s fuel-agnostic KARNO generator technology, we anticipate generating revenue after commercialization of our KARNO generator. Additionally, we anticipate generating revenue from research and development services under the contracts described in Note 3 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes all direct costs such as labor and materials, overhead costs, warranty costs and any write-down of inventory to net realizable value, and costs associated with research and development services revenue.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the discovery and development of our KARNO stationary generator and, prior to 2024, electrified powertrain solutions, which include:

•personnel-related expenses including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation, for personnel performing research and development activities;

•fees paid to third parties such as contractors for outsourced engineering services and to consultants;

•expenses related to components for development and testing, materials, supplies and other third-party services;

•depreciation for equipment used in research and development activities; and

•allocation of general overhead costs.

We expect to continue to invest in research and development activities to achieve operational and commercial goals.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of personnel-related expenses for our corporate, executive, finance, sales, marketing and other administrative functions, expenses for outside professional services, including legal, audit and accounting services, as well as expenses for facilities, depreciation, amortization, travel, sales and marketing costs. Personnel-related expenses consist of salaries, benefits and share-based compensation. Factors that also affect selling, general and administrative expense include the total number of employees, costs incurred as a result of operating as a public company, including compliance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, legal, audit, insurance, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services.

Exit and Termination Costs

Exit and termination costs consist of employee severance and retention payments, accelerated non-cash stock-based compensation expense, contract termination and other cancellation costs, non-cash charges including accelerated depreciation and amortization, carrying value adjustment to assets held for sale, and recoveries from resale of assets. These costs are a result of the Plan approved on November 7, 2023 to wind down our powertrain business.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income currently consists primarily of interest income earned on our investments. Since the acquisition of our KARNO generator technology, we have continued to perform as a subcontractor on a contract with the ONR and recorded such amounts, net of costs incurred, as other income (expense). Beginning in the quarter ending December 31, 2024, we expect to no longer record receipts associated with research and development activities as other income (expense).

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 (the “current quarter”) and 2023 on a consolidated basis are summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	—	$	96	$	(96)	(100.0)	%
Total revenues	—		96		(96)		(100.0)	%
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	—		677		(677)		(100.0)	%
Total cost of revenues	—		677		(677)		(100.0)	%
Gross loss	—		(581)		581		(100.0)	%
Operating expenses
Research and development	9,462		25,115		(15,653)		(62.3)	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	5,648		8,186		(2,538)		(31.0)	%
Exit and termination costs	(929)		—		(929)		N/A
Total operating expenses	14,181		33,301		(19,120)		(57.4)	%
Loss from operations	(14,181)		(33,882)		19,701		(58.1)	%

Interest income	2,979		3,534		(555)		(15.7)	%

Other income, net	—		26		(26)		(100.0)	%
Net loss	$	(11,202)	$	(30,322)	$	19,120	(63.1)	%

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)	$	0.11	(64.7)	%

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	173,612,768		181,641,060		(8,028)		(4.4)	%

Revenue and Cost of Revenues

Revenue associated with our Hybrid products decreased $0.1 million and associated cost of revenues decreased $0.7 million as a result of our strategic review and decision to discontinue our powertrain business.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased $15.7 million due to:

•A decrease of $22.5 million for the design and testing of our Hypertruck ERX system; offset by

•An increase of $6.8 million for the design and testing of our KARNO stationary generator.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $2.5 million primarily due to wind down of our powertrain business:

•A decrease of $1.1 million in personnel and benefits;

•A decrease of $0.7 million in professional services;

•A decrease of $0.4 million in insurance; and

•A decrease of $0.1 million in marketing.

Exit and Termination Costs

Exit and termination benefit was $0.9 million as a result of the adoption of the Plan and items discussed in Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including recoveries from assets sold.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased $0.6 million primarily due to the decline in investment balance.

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Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table summarizes our results of operations on a consolidated basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 (the “current nine months”) and 2023 (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Revenues
Product sales and other	$	—	$	672	$	(672)	(100.0)	%
Total revenues	—		672		(672)		(100.0)	%
Cost of revenues
Product sales and other	—		1,675		(1,675)		(100.0)	%
Total cost of revenues	—		1,675		(1,675)		(100.0)	%
Gross loss	—		(1,003)		1,003		(100.0)	%
Operating expenses
Research and development	25,741		73,472		(47,731)		(65.0)	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	18,502		30,265		(11,763)		(38.9)	%
Exit and termination costs	2,946		—		2,946		N/A
Total operating expenses	47,189		103,737		(56,548)		(54.5)	%
Loss from operations	(47,189)		(104,740)		57,551		(54.9)	%

Interest income	9,504		10,345		(841)		(8.1)	%
Gain on disposal of assets	3		1		2		200.0	%
Other income, net	32		14		18		128.6	%
Net loss	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)	$	56,730	(60.1)	%

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.21)	$	(0.52)	$	0.31	(59.6)	%

Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	175,302,069		180,914,250		(5,612)		(3.1)	%

Revenue and Cost of Revenues

Revenue associated with our Hybrid products decreased $0.7 million and associated cost of revenues decreased $1.7 million as a result of our strategic review and decision to discontinue our powertrain business.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses decreased $47.7 million due to:

•A decrease of $63.6 million for the design and testing of our Hypertruck ERX system; offset by

•An increase of $15.9 million for the design and testing of our KARNO stationary generator.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased $11.8 million primarily due to wind down of our powertrain business:

•A decrease of $7.0 million in personnel and benefits;

•A decrease of $2.4 million in professional services;

•A decrease of $0.9 million in marketing; and

•A decrease of $0.7 million in insurance.

Exit and Termination Costs

Exit and termination costs increased by $2.9 million as a result of the adoption of the Plan and items discussed in Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements, including recoveries from assets sold.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased $0.8 million primarily due to the decline in investment balance.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2024, our current assets were $161.4 million, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents of $28.1 million, short-term investments of $122.9 million and prepaid expenses of $5.7 million. Our current liabilities were $9.2 million primarily comprised of accounts payable, accrued expenses and operating lease liabilities. We also had $86.5 million of investments in longer-term liquid securities which we maintain to generate higher income on capital that we do not expect to spend in the next 12 months.

We believe the credit quality and liquidity of our investment portfolio at September 30, 2024 is strong and will provide sufficient liquidity to satisfy operating requirements, working capital purposes and strategic initiatives. The unrealized gains and losses of the portfolio may remain volatile as changes in the general interest rate environment and supply and demand fluctuations of the securities within our portfolio impact daily market valuations. To mitigate the risk associated with this market volatility, we deploy a relatively conservative investment strategy focused on capital preservation and liquidity whereby no investment security may have a final maturity of more than 36 months from the date of acquisition or a weighted average maturity exceeding 18 months. Eligible investments under the Company’s investment policy bearing a minimum credit rating of A1, A-1, F1 or higher for short-term investments and A2, A, or higher for longer-term investments include money market funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and municipal securities. Additionally, all of our debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity as we have the intent and ability to hold these investment securities to maturity, which minimizes any realized losses that we would recognize prior to maturity. However, even with this approach we may incur investment losses as a result of unusual or unpredictable market developments, and we may experience reduced investment earnings if the yields on investments deemed to be low risk remain low or decline further due to unpredictable market developments. In addition, these unusual and unpredictable market developments may also create liquidity challenges for certain of the assets in our investment portfolio.

Based on our past performance, we believe our current and long-term assets will be sufficient to continue and execute on our business strategy and meet our capital requirements for the next twelve months. We do not expect to need to raise additional equity capital for the foreseeable future. Our primary short-term cash needs are costs associated with KARNO generator development and building of our initial deployment units. Longer term, our capital needs will be determined by our go-to-market strategy, which may include development of our own KARNO generator manufacturing capacity or outsourcing this work to third parties or business partners. In December 2023, we announced an authorized share repurchase program to repurchase up to $20 million of our outstanding common stock. We repurchased $14.0 million in common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2024 but have currently paused any additional repurchases under this program. Based on current projections of operating expenses, capital spending, working capital growth and historical share repurchases, we expect to have between $220 and $230 million in cash, short-term and long-term investments remaining on our balance sheet at the end of 2024.

We expect to continue to incur net losses in the short term, as we continue to execute on our strategic initiatives by completing the development and commercialization of the KARNO generator with anticipated initial customer deployments in late 2024. However, actual results could vary materially and adversely as a result of a number of factors including, but not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

The amount and timing of our future funding requirements, if any, will depend on many factors, including the scope and results of our research and development efforts, the breadth of product offerings we plan to commercialize, the growth of sales, and our long-term plan manufacturing plan for the KARNO generator including the pace of investments in additive manufacturing assets, methods of financing these investments, as well as factors that are outside of our control.

During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, which were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Cash Flows

Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by or used in operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash from operating activities	$	(43,291)	$	(92,427)
Cash from investing activities	64,865		1,561
Cash from financing activities	(14,308)		(2)
	$	7,266	$	(90,868)

Cash from Operating Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows used in operating activities were $43.3 million. Cash used primarily related to a net loss of $37.7 million, adjusted for a $13.6 million change in working capital accounts and $7.9 million in non-cash expenses (including $6.7 million related to accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, $5.2 million related to prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $2.1 million related to gain on asset sales, partially offset by $5.6 million in assets held for sale carrying value adjustments and $3.5 million related to share-based compensation).

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows used in operating activities were $92.4 million. Cash used primarily related to a net loss of $94.4 million, adjusted for a $5.3 million change in working capital accounts and $7.2 million in certain non-cash expenses (including $5.2 million related to share-based compensation, partially offset by $2.7 million related to accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities and $1.2 million related to prepaid expenses and other assets).

Cash from Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows provided by investing activities were $64.9 million. Cash provided related to the sale or maturity of investments of $126.7 million and the proceeds from sale of assets of $4.1 million, partially offset by the purchase of investments of $55.4 million and acquired property and equipment of $10.5 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows provided by investing activities were $1.6 million. Cash provided related to the sale or maturity of investments of $178.6 million, partially offset by the purchase of investments of $170.2 million and acquired property and equipment of $6.8 million.

Cash from Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows used in financing activities were $14.3 million, primarily due to treasury stock repurchases.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash flows used in financing activities were nil.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we applied the same critical accounting policies as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, supplemented by those described below, that affect judgments and estimates of amounts recorded for certain assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

Share-Based Compensation

We account for share-based payments that involve the issuance of shares of our common stock to employees and nonemployees and meet the criteria for share-based awards as share-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The Company has elected to recognize the adjustment to share-based compensation expense in the period in which forfeitures occur. We recognize compensation expense for awards with only service conditions on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

In the first quarter of 2024, we granted 2.7 million market-conditioned restricted stock units that may vest between February 13, 2025 and December 31, 2026 contingent upon achieving underlying closing stock price thresholds. These awards were valued at $0.83 per unit using fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including an underlying share volatility of 90% and a risk-free rate of 4.35%.

If we were to utilize different assumptions including the estimate of underlying share volatility of our market-conditioned awards, share-based compensation cost could be under or overstated. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate any remaining unearned share-based compensation cost or

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incur incremental cost. Share-based compensation cost affects our research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. As a result, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer) of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that, at September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time in the ordinary course of business, the Company may be named as a defendant in legal proceedings related to various issues, including workers’ compensation claims, tort claims, or contractual disputes. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risk. Before you make a decision to buy our securities, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K you should carefully consider the specific risks set forth herein. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. As a result, the market price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additionally, the risks and uncertainties described are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may become material and adversely affect our business.

Our success in generating revenues from governmental contracts depends our ability to comply with governmental regulations related to defense spending and procurement.

Contracts with governmental organizations, including the United States government, have not been a major source of our revenues in the past. However, we anticipate such sources becoming a more significant portion of our business in the future. Our ability to comply with governmental regulations applicable to United States defense contractors, including procurement procedures, could have a material impact on our future results of operations. In addition, as a provider for the United States government, we may be subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to the award, administration and performance of United States government contracts. Non-compliance found by any one agency could result in fines, penalties, debarment, or suspension from receiving additional contracts with all United States government agencies. Given our potential dependence on US government business, suspension or debarment could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our products may not be suitable for defense applications.

Our ability to generate revenue from ONR and other United States government contracts in the future could depend on the viability of our KARNO generator in maritime and other applications for which they have not yet been tested. If we are unable to demonstrate the viability of the KARNO generator for naval and stationary applications under our government research contracts, it may have a material effect on revenues and operations.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES, USE OF PROCEEDS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our Common Stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2024:


	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1)	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2)
July 1 - 31, 2024	—	$	—	10,610,070	$	6,144,349
August 1 - 31, 2024	—	$	—	10,610,070	$	6,144,349
September 1 - 30, 2024	—	$	—	10,610,070	$	6,144,349
Total	—			10,610,070

1 Share repurchases are conducted under our share repurchase program announced in December 2023, which has no expiration date, authorizing the repurchase of up to $20 million in shares. Share purchases under this program have been paused.

2 This column includes the total value of shares available for repurchase under the Company's share repurchase program at the end of the indicated period. Shares under our share repurchase program may be repurchased in open market transactions, including pursuant to a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing, manner, price and amount of repurchases will be determined at our discretion and the share repurchase program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit Number						Description
3.1						Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated October 1, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38823) filed with the SEC on October 7, 2020).
3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, dated October 1, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38823) filed with the SEC on October 7, 2020).
31.1*						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**						Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**						Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS*						XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


Date: November 14, 2024	HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.

	/s/ Thomas Healy
	Name:	Thomas Healy
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

	/s/ Jon Panzer
	Name:	Jon Panzer
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Thomas Healy, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Hyliion Holdings Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Thomas Healy
		Thomas Healy
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jon Panzer, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Hyliion Holdings Corp.;

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.


Date: November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Jon Panzer
		Jon Panzer
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hyliion Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Thomas Healy, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report.


Date: November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Thomas Healy
	Name:	Thomas Healy
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely to accompany the report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hyliion Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jon Panzer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and


Date: November 14, 2024	By:	/s/ Jon Panzer
	Name:	Jon Panzer
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

COVER PAGE - shares	9 Months Ended
COVER PAGE - shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 07, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-38823
Entity Registrant Name	HYLIION HOLDINGS CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	83-2538002
Entity Address, Address Line One	1202 BMC Drive, Suite 100
Entity Address, City or Town	Cedar Park
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	78613
City Area Code	(833)
Local Phone Number	495-4466
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	HYLN
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		173,734,435
Entity Central Index Key	0001759631
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 28,065	$ 12,881
Accounts receivable	1,257	40
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,678	18,483
Short-term investments	122,897	150,297
Assets held for sale	3,463	0
Total current assets	161,360	181,701
Property and equipment, net	17,428	9,987
Operating lease right-of-use assets	5,779	7,070
Other assets	1,173	1,439
Long-term investments	86,545	128,186
Total assets	272,285	328,383
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	1,654	4,224
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,531	847
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	5,975	10,051
Total current liabilities	9,160	15,122
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	4,997	6,792
Other liabilities	400	203
Total liabilities	14,557	22,117
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 184,335,183 and 183,071,317 shares issued at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; $173,725,113 and $183,034,255 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	18	18
Additional paid-in capital	407,259	404,045
Treasury stock, at cost; $10,610,070 and $37,062 shares as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	(14,135)	(33)
Accumulated deficit	(135,414)	(97,764)
Total stockholders’ equity	257,728	306,266
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 272,285	$ 328,383

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	184,335,183	183,071,317
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	173,725,113	183,034,255
Treasury stock (in shares)	10,610,070	37,062

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues	$ 0	$ 96	$ 0	$ 672
Cost of revenues	0	677	0	1,675
Gross loss	0	(581)	0	(1,003)
Operating expenses
Research and development	9,462	25,115	25,741	73,472
Selling, general and administrative	5,648	8,186	18,502	30,265
Exit and termination costs	(929)	0	2,946	0
Total operating expenses	14,181	33,301	47,189	103,737
Loss from operations	(14,181)	(33,882)	(47,189)	(104,740)
Interest income	2,979	3,534	9,504	10,345
Gain on disposal of assets	0	0	3	1
Other income, net	0	26	32	14
Net loss	$ (11,202)	$ (30,322)	$ (37,650)	$ (94,380)
Net loss per share, basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.52)
Net loss per share, diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.06)	$ (0.17)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.52)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	173,612,768	181,641,060	175,302,069	180,914,250
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	173,612,768	181,641,060	175,302,069	180,914,250
Revenue from Contract with Customer, Product and Service [Extensible Enumeration]	Product sales and other	Product sales and other	Product sales and other	Product sales and other
Product sales and other
Cost of revenues	$ 0	$ 677	$ 0	$ 1,675

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		179,826,309
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 423,574	$ 18	$ 0	$ 397,810	$ 25,746
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		869,263
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	(176)			(176)
Share-based compensation	2,040			2,040
Net loss	(28,831)				(28,831)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		180,695,572
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2023	396,607	$ 18	$ 0	399,674	(3,085)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			0
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		179,826,309
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2022	423,574	$ 18	$ 0	397,810	25,746
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	(94,380)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		182,716,445
Balance at ending at Sep. 30, 2023	334,362	$ 18	$ 0	402,978	(68,634)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			0
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		180,695,572
Balance at beginning at Mar. 31, 2023	396,607	$ 18	$ 0	399,674	(3,085)
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023			0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		456,579
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	44			44
Share-based compensation	1,721			1,721
Net loss	(35,227)				(35,227)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023		181,152,151
Balance at ending at Jun. 30, 2023	363,145	$ 18	$ 0	401,439	(38,312)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023			0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		1,564,294
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	130			130
Share-based compensation	1,409			1,409
Net loss	(30,322)				(30,322)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023		182,716,445
Balance at ending at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 334,362	$ 18	$ 0	402,978	(68,634)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023			0
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	183,034,255	183,071,317
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 306,266	$ 18	$ (33)	404,045	(97,764)
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	(37,062)		(37,062)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		945,378
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	$ (247)			(247)
Share-based compensation	1,320			1,320
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)			(8,675,395)
Repurchase of treasury stock	(11,337)		$ (11,337)
Net loss	(15,592)				(15,592)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		184,016,695
Balance at ending at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 280,410	$ 18	$ (11,370)	405,118	(113,356)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024			(8,712,457)
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	183,034,255	183,071,317
Balance at beginning at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 306,266	$ 18	$ (33)	404,045	(97,764)
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	(37,062)		(37,062)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	$ (37,650)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	173,725,113	184,335,183
Balance at ending at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 257,728	$ 18	$ (14,135)	407,259	(135,414)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	(10,610,070)		(10,610,070)
Balance at beginning (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024		184,016,695
Balance at beginning at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 280,410	$ 18	$ (11,370)	405,118	(113,356)
Balance at beginning of treasury stock (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2024			(8,712,457)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		138,419
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	(68)			(68)
Share-based compensation	1,125			1,125
Repurchase of treasury stock (in shares)			(1,897,613)
Repurchase of treasury stock	(2,771)		$ (2,771)
Net loss	(10,856)				(10,856)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024		184,155,114
Balance at ending at Jun. 30, 2024	267,840	$ 18	$ (14,141)	406,175	(124,212)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024			(10,610,070)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net (in shares)		180,069
Exercise of common stock options and vesting of restricted stock units, net	(12)			(12)
Share-based compensation	1,096			1,096
Repurchase of treasury stock	6		$ 6
Net loss	$ (11,202)				(11,202)
Balance at ending (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	173,725,113	184,335,183
Balance at ending at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 257,728	$ 18	$ (14,135)	$ 407,259	$ (135,414)
Balance at ending of treasury stock (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	(10,610,070)		(10,610,070)

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (37,650)	$ (94,380)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	2,140	1,796
Amortization and accretion of investments, net	(2,489)	(1,821)
Noncash lease expense	1,291	1,072
Inventory write-down	0	992
Gain on disposal of assets, including assets held for sale	(2,109)	(1)
Share-based compensation	3,541	5,170
Carrying value adjustment to assets held for sale	5,564	0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(580)	996
Inventory	0	(1,057)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(5,215)	(1,200)
Accounts payable	(2,655)	555
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(4,018)	(3,295)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,111)	(1,254)
Net cash used in operating activities	(43,291)	(92,427)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(10,548)	(6,755)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4,110	2
Payments for security deposit, net	0	(45)
Purchase of investments	(55,383)	(170,197)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments	126,686	178,556
Net cash provided by investing activities	64,865	1,561
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options	67	230
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(393)	(232)
Repurchase of treasury stock	(13,982)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(14,308)	(2)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	7,266	(90,868)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	21,464	120,133
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	28,730	29,265
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities:
Repurchase of treasury stock included in accrued expenses	120	0
Acquisitions of property and equipment included in accounts payable and other	227	512
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$ 0	$ 2,096

Overview	9 Months Ended
Overview	Sep. 30, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Overview	Note 1. Overview Hyliion Holdings Corp. is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Cedar Park, Texas, with research and development facilities near Cincinnati, Ohio, that designs and develops power generators for stationary and mobile applications and provides research and development services. References to the “Company,” “Hyliion,” “we,” or “us” in this report refer to Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary, unless expressly indicated or the context otherwise requires.

Disposals

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Disposals

Note 2. Disposals

Strategic Plan Wind Down


	June 30, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		September 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.4	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.3
Contract terminations	1.0		—		(0.2)		0.8
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	1.5	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	1.2


	March 31, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		June 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.7	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	0.4
Contract terminations	2.1		—		(1.1)		1.0
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	2.9	$	—	$	(1.4)	$	1.5


	December 31, 2023		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		March 31, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	1.1	$	—	$	(0.4)	$	0.7
Contract terminations	6.5		(0.7)		(3.7)		2.1
Warranty obligations	0.4		(0.3)		—		0.1
	$	8.0	$	(1.0)	$	(4.1)	$	2.9

Assets Held for Sale

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Use of Estimates

Concentration of Supplier Risk

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Restricted Cash


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	12,881	$	28,600	$	119,468
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		7,918		—		—
Restricted cash included in other assets	665		665		665		665
	$	28,730	$	21,464	$	29,265	$	120,133

Accounts Receivable

Investments

Fair Value Measurements

Level I: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date;

Level III: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Inventories

Revenue

Research and Development Expense

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Note 4. Investments

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, fair value and maturities of our held-to-maturity investments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	3,444	$	7	$	—	$	3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	19,674		13		(28)		19,659
State and municipal bonds	10,885		32		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	175,439		1,016		(15)		176,440
	$	209,442	$	1,068	$	(43)	$	210,467


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	35,218	$	18	$	(10)	$	35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	27,602		56		(186)		27,472
State and municipal bonds	15,262		1		(48)		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	200,401		515		(255)		200,661
	$	278,483	$	590	$	(499)	$	278,574


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	122,897	$	123,220	$	150,297	$	149,934
Due after one year through five years	86,545		87,247		128,186		128,640
	$	209,442	$	210,467	$	278,483	$	278,574

Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value measurements of our financial assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	—	$	—	$	28,065
Restricted cash	665		—		—		665
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		3,451		—		3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	—		19,659		—		19,659
State and municipal bonds	—		10,917		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	—		176,440		—		176,440
	$	28,730	$	210,467	$	—	$	239,197


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,881	$	—	$	—	$	12,881
Restricted cash	8,583		—		—		8,583
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		35,226		—		35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	—		27,472		—		27,472
State and municipal bonds	—		15,215		—		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	—		200,661		—		200,661
	$	21,464	$	278,574	$	—	$	300,038

Property and Equipment, Net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment, Net

Note 6. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Production machinery and equipment	$	18,734	$	10,376
Vehicles	912		2,013
Leasehold improvements	4,074		2,236
Office furniture and fixtures	248		223
Computers and related equipment	2,086		1,963
	26,054		16,811
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,626)		(6,824)
Total property and equipment, net	$	17,428	$	9,987

Share-Based Compensation	9 Months Ended
Share-Based Compensation	Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Share-Based Compensation	Note 7. Share-Based Compensation During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 6.1 million and 2.2 million, respectively, restricted stock units which will vest over a period of one to three years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, 1.2 million and 0.6 million, respectively, of restricted stock units and options were forfeited. Share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.1 million and $3.5 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively. In May 2024, stockholders of the Company approved the Hyliion Holdings Corp. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan which allows issuance of up to 8,000,000 shares, subject to certain adjustments. Of the restricted stock units granted in the first quarter of 2024, 2.7 million units may vest between February 13, 2025 and December 31, 2026 contingent upon achieving underlying closing stock price thresholds. These awards were valued at $0.83 per unit using fair value hierarchy Level III inputs including an underlying share volatility of 90% and a risk-free rate of 4.35%. There were no material amounts of market-conditioned awards granted after the first quarter of 2024.

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Note 8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued professional services and other	$	1,822	$	2,606
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,516		1,510
Other accrued liabilities	470		1,922
Accrued severance, contract termination, and other charges	1,167		4,013
	$	5,975	$	10,051

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies Economic Incentive Agreement During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, in connection with our operations in Cedar Park, Texas, the Company entered into an agreement with the Cedar Park Economic Development Corporation (“EDC”) that superseded prior agreements, whereby the Company would receive cash grants up to $1.1 million from the EDC at various measurement dates during the term of the agreement contingent upon the Company fulfilling and maintaining certain occupancy, investment, and employment requirements. The requirements must be met on or before specific measurement dates and maintained throughout the term of the agreement, which expires effective December 31, 2029. The Company has received payments to date of $0.4 million which remain refundable and subject to these performance requirements and are included within other liabilities as of September 30, 2024. Under the agreement, the EDC has the right to file a security interest to all assets of the Company. Legal Proceedings The Company is periodically involved in legal proceedings, legal actions and claims arising in the normal course of business, including proceedings relating to product liability, intellectual property, safety and health, employment and other matters. The Company believes that the outcome of such legal proceedings, legal actions and claims will not have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Net Loss Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share

Note 10. Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,202)	$	(30,322)	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	173,612,768		181,641,060		175,302,069		180,914,250

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.52)


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Unexercised stock options	190,529	683,090
Unvested restricted stock units*	6,446,843	3,976,223
	6,637,372	4,659,313

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hyliion Holdings Corp. and its wholly owned subsidiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 was derived from audited financial statements for the fiscal year then ended, but does not include all necessary disclosures required with respect to annual financial statements. In the opinion of the Company, these condensed consolidated financial statements include all recurring adjustments and normal accruals necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the dates and periods presented. These condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2023 Annual Report. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full fiscal year or for any future period. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company is an early-stage growth company and has generated negative cash flows from operating activities since inception.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date, as well as reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s most significant estimates and judgments involve assets held for sale, income taxes and valuation of share-based compensation. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Concentration of Supplier Risk	Concentration of Supplier Risk The Company is dependent on certain suppliers, many of which are single source suppliers, and the inability of these suppliers to deliver necessary components of the Company’s products in a timely manner at prices, quality levels and volumes that are acceptable, or the Company’s inability to efficiently manage these components from these suppliers, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash and cash equivalents only if in checking, savings or money market accounts. Cash and cash equivalents include cash held in banks and money market accounts and are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company maintains cash in excess of federally insured limits at financial institutions which it believes are of high credit quality and has not incurred any losses related to these balances to date. The Company believes its credit risk, with respect to these financial institutions to be minimal.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash The Company provided a supplier with a letter of credit for $7.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 to secure the performance of the Company’s obligations to purchase semi-trucks related to the Founders Program, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the supplier. The Company was released from this letter of credit in the first quarter of 2024. The Company has provided its corporate headquarters lessor with a letter of credit for $0.7 million to secure the performance of the Company’s lease obligations, backed by a restricted cash deposit to pay any draws on the letter of credit by the lessor.
Accounts Receivable	Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for potential account losses on the balance based on the Company’s evaluation of the anticipated impact of current economic conditions, changes in the character and size of the balance, past and expected future loss experience and other pertinent factors.
Investments	Investments The Company’s investments consist of corporate bonds, U.S. treasury and agency securities, state and local municipal bonds and commercial paper, all of which are classified as held-to-maturity, with a maturity date of 36-months or less at the time of purchase. The Company determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Investments are classified as held-to-maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are stated at amortized cost, adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization, along with interest, is included in interest income. The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of securities sold. Investments are impaired when a decline in fair value is judged to be other-than-temporary. The Company evaluates investments for impairment by considering the length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost or amortized cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer as well as specific events or circumstances that may influence the operations of the issuer and the Company’s intent to sell the security or the likelihood that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of the entire amortized cost. Once a decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded to other income (expense) and a new cost basis in the investment is established.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based upon assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level I: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company can access at the measurement date; Level II: Significant other observable inputs other than level I prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level III: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. An asset’s or liability’s fair value measurement level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Company believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, however the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of those instruments. The fair value of investments is based on quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active. As a result, investments are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy.
Inventories	Inventories Through September 30, 2024, we have not yet commercialized the KARNO generator. Costs incurred for components acquired prior to our determination of reaching a commercial stage are expensed as research and development costs, resulting in zero cost basis for those components. As a result, moving-average prices for inventory that is capitalized in future periods may be significantly affected by those zero cost items.
Research and Development Expense	Research and Development Expense Research and development costs did not meet the requirements to be recognized as an asset as the associated future benefits were at best uncertain and there was no alternative future use at the time the costs were incurred. Research and development costs include, but are not limited to, outsourced engineering services, allocated facilities costs, depreciation on equipment utilized in research and development activities, internal engineering and development expenses, materials, internally developed software and employee related expenses (including salaries, benefits, travel, and share-based compensation) related to development of the Company’s products and services.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), to enable investors to better understand the major components of an entity’s income statement. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), to enhance transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, to improve the disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments. The pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and we expect a material impact to our disclosures as a result of adoption.

Disposals (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes in Plan Liabilities

The change in total liabilities associated with the Plan is included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities as presented in Note 8, and accounts payable, and is summarized as follows (in millions):


	June 30, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		September 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.4	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.3
Contract terminations	1.0		—		(0.2)		0.8
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	1.5	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	1.2


	March 31, 2024		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		June 30, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	0.7	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	0.4
Contract terminations	2.1		—		(1.1)		1.0
Warranty obligations	0.1		—		—		0.1
	$	2.9	$	—	$	(1.4)	$	1.5


	December 31, 2023		Charged to Expense		Costs Paid or Settled		March 31, 2024
Employee severance and retention	$	1.1	$	—	$	(0.4)	$	0.7
Contract terminations	6.5		(0.7)		(3.7)		2.1
Warranty obligations	0.4		(0.3)		—		0.1
	$	8.0	$	(1.0)	$	(4.1)	$	2.9

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	12,881	$	28,600	$	119,468
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		7,918		—		—
Restricted cash included in other assets	665		665		665		665
	$	28,730	$	21,464	$	29,265	$	120,133

Schedule of Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	12,881	$	28,600	$	119,468
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		7,918		—		—
Restricted cash included in other assets	665		665		665		665
	$	28,730	$	21,464	$	29,265	$	120,133

Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Amortized Cost, Unrealized Gains and Losses, and Fair Value

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, fair value and maturities of our held-to-maturity investments at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


			Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	3,444	$	7	$	—	$	3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	19,674		13		(28)		19,659
State and municipal bonds	10,885		32		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	175,439		1,016		(15)		176,440
	$	209,442	$	1,068	$	(43)	$	210,467


			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Commercial paper	$	35,218	$	18	$	(10)	$	35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	27,602		56		(186)		27,472
State and municipal bonds	15,262		1		(48)		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	200,401		515		(255)		200,661
	$	278,483	$	590	$	(499)	$	278,574

Schedule of Investment Maturity


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	122,897	$	123,220	$	150,297	$	149,934
Due after one year through five years	86,545		87,247		128,186		128,640
	$	209,442	$	210,467	$	278,483	$	278,574

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The fair value measurements of our financial assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2024
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	28,065	$	—	$	—	$	28,065
Restricted cash	665		—		—		665
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		3,451		—		3,451
U.S. government agency bonds	—		19,659		—		19,659
State and municipal bonds	—		10,917		—		10,917
Corporate bonds and notes	—		176,440		—		176,440
	$	28,730	$	210,467	$	—	$	239,197


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2023
	Level I		Level II		Level III		Total
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,881	$	—	$	—	$	12,881
Restricted cash	8,583		—		—		8,583
Held-to-maturity investments:
Commercial paper	—		35,226		—		35,226
U.S. government agency bonds	—		27,472		—		27,472
State and municipal bonds	—		15,215		—		15,215
Corporate bonds and notes	—		200,661		—		200,661
	$	21,464	$	278,574	$	—	$	300,038

Property and Equipment, Net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Production machinery and equipment	$	18,734	$	10,376
Vehicles	912		2,013
Leasehold improvements	4,074		2,236
Office furniture and fixtures	248		223
Computers and related equipment	2,086		1,963
	26,054		16,811
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,626)		(6,824)
Total property and equipment, net	$	17,428	$	9,987

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued professional services and other	$	1,822	$	2,606
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,516		1,510
Other accrued liabilities	470		1,922
Accrued severance, contract termination, and other charges	1,167		4,013
	$	5,975	$	10,051

Net Loss Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,202)	$	(30,322)	$	(37,650)	$	(94,380)

Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted	173,612,768		181,641,060		175,302,069		180,914,250

Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.06)	$	(0.17)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.52)

Schedule of Weighted Average Potential Common Shares


	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Unexercised stock options	190,529	683,090
Unvested restricted stock units*	6,446,843	3,976,223
	6,637,372	4,659,313

Disposals - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
Disposals - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Restructuring, Incurred Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Exit and termination costs		Exit and termination costs
Benefits for recoveries related to asset sales	$ 0	$ 0	$ 3	$ 1
Strategic Plan
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]
Charges and expenses incurred	(900)		2,900
Assets held for sale	3,500		3,500
Fair value charges	0		5,600
Benefits for recoveries related to asset sales	$ 900		$ 2,100

Disposals - Schedule of Changes in Plan Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Charged to Expense	$ 929			$ 0	$ (2,946)	$ 0
Strategic Plan
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,500	$ 2,900	$ 8,000		8,000
Charged to Expense	0	0	(1,000)
Costs Paid or Settled	(300)	(1,400)	(4,100)
Ending balance	1,200	1,500	2,900		1,200
Strategic Plan \| Employee severance and retention
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	400	700	1,100		1,100
Charged to Expense	0	0	0
Costs Paid or Settled	(100)	(300)	(400)
Ending balance	300	400	700		300
Strategic Plan \| Contract terminations
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1,000	2,100	6,500		6,500
Charged to Expense	0	0	(700)
Costs Paid or Settled	(200)	(1,100)	(3,700)
Ending balance	800	1,000	2,100		800
Strategic Plan \| Warranty obligations
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	100	100	400		400
Charged to Expense	0	0	(300)
Costs Paid or Settled	0	0	0
Ending balance	$ 100	$ 100	$ 100		$ 100

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 contract	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) contract generator	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total equity		$ 257,728,000	$ 267,840,000	$ 280,410,000	$ 306,266,000	$ 334,362,000	$ 363,145,000	$ 396,607,000	$ 423,574,000
Cash and cash equivalents		28,065,000			12,881,000
Total investments		209,400,000
Accounts receivable from customers		0			0
Allowance for doubtful accounts		$ 0			0
Maturity date (or less)		36 months
Government assistance, number of contracts \| contract		2
Received cash grants				$ 1,100,000
Accounts receivable		$ 1,257,000			40,000
Forecast
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Government assistance, number of contracts \| contract	3
Research and Development Service
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Allowance for doubtful accounts		0			0
Received cash grants		$ 2,400,000
Government assistance, number of generators \| generator		7
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount		$ 17,200,000
Accounts receivable		500,000			0
Research and Development Service \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Received cash grants		16,000,000
Supplier
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Letter of credit					$ 7,900,000
Corporate Headquarters Lessor
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Letter of credit		$ 700,000

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 28,065	$ 12,881	$ 28,600	$ 119,468
Restricted cash included in prepaid expenses and other current assets	0	7,918	0	0
Restricted cash included in other assets	665	665	665	665
Total presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows	$ 28,730	$ 21,464	$ 29,265	$ 120,133

Investments - Schedule of Amortized Cost, Unrealized Gains and Losses, and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 209,442	$ 278,483
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,068	590
Gross Unrealized Losses	(43)	(499)
Fair Value	210,467	278,574
Corporate bonds and notes
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	175,439	200,401
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,016	515
Gross Unrealized Losses	(15)	(255)
Fair Value	176,440	200,661
Commercial paper
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	3,444	35,218
Gross Unrealized Gains	7	18
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(10)
Fair Value	3,451	35,226
U.S. government agency bonds
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	19,674	27,602
Gross Unrealized Gains	13	56
Gross Unrealized Losses	(28)	(186)
Fair Value	19,659	27,472
State and municipal bonds
Schedule of Held-to-maturity Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	10,885	15,262
Gross Unrealized Gains	32	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	0	(48)
Fair Value	$ 10,917	$ 15,215

Investments - Schedule of Investment Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	$ 122,897	$ 150,297
Due after one year through five years	86,545	128,186
Amortized Cost	209,442	278,483
Fair Value
Due in one year or less	123,220	149,934
Due after one year through five years	87,247	128,640
Fair Value	$ 210,467	$ 278,574

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 28,065	$ 12,881
Restricted cash	665	8,583
Held-to-maturity investments:	210,467	278,574
Total assets	239,197	300,038
Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	3,451	35,226
U.S. government agency bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	19,659	27,472
State and municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	10,917	15,215
Corporate bonds and notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	176,440	200,661
Level I
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	28,065	12,881
Restricted cash	665	8,583
Total assets	28,730	21,464
Level I \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level I \| U.S. government agency bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level I \| State and municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level I \| Corporate bonds and notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level II
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets	210,467	278,574
Level II \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	3,451	35,226
Level II \| U.S. government agency bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	19,659	27,472
Level II \| State and municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	10,917	15,215
Level II \| Corporate bonds and notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	176,440	200,661
Level III
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets	0	0
Level III \| Commercial paper
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level III \| U.S. government agency bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level III \| State and municipal bonds
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	0	0
Level III \| Corporate bonds and notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity investments:	$ 0	$ 0

Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	$ 26,054	$ 16,811
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,626)	(6,824)
Total property and equipment, net	17,428	9,987
Production machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	$ 18,734	10,376
Estimated useful life	12 years
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	$ 912	2,013
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	4,074	2,236
Office furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	248	223
Computers and related equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, and equipment, gross	$ 2,086	$ 1,963

Share-Based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	May 31, 2024
2024 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available to be issued (in shares)						8,000,000
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Awards granted (in shares)				6,100,000	2,200,000
Forfeited in period (in shares)				1,200,000	600,000
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1.1		$ 1.4	$ 3.5	$ 5.2
Restricted stock units \| Vest between February 13, 2025 and December 31, 2026
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Awards granted (in shares)		2,700,000
Grants intrinsic value, amount (in USD per share)				$ 0.83
Volatility rate				90.00%
Risk free interest rate				4.35%
Restricted stock units \| Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period				1 year
Restricted stock units \| Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period				3 years

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities - Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued professional services and other	$ 1,822	$ 2,606
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,516	1,510
Other accrued liabilities	470	1,922
Accrued severance, contract termination, and other charges	1,167	4,013
Accrued liabilities, total	$ 5,975	$ 10,051

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Received cash grants		$ 1.1
Refundable payments received	$ 0.4

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (11,202)	$ (10,856)	$ (15,592)	$ (30,322)	$ (35,227)	$ (28,831)	$ (37,650)	$ (94,380)
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic (in shares)	173,612,768			181,641,060			175,302,069	180,914,250
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted (in shares)	173,612,768			181,641,060			175,302,069	180,914,250
Net loss per share, basic (in USD per share)	$ (0.06)			$ (0.17)			$ (0.21)	$ (0.52)
Net loss per share, diluted (in USD per share)	$ (0.06)			$ (0.17)			$ (0.21)	$ (0.52)

Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Weighted Average Potential Common Shares (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common shares excluded from computation of diluted net (loss) income per share (in shares)	6,637,372	4,659,313	6,637,372	4,659,313
Unexercised stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common shares excluded from computation of diluted net (loss) income per share (in shares)	190,529	683,090	190,529	683,090
Unvested restricted stock units
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common shares excluded from computation of diluted net (loss) income per share (in shares)	6,446,843	3,976,223	6,446,843	3,976,223
Restricted stock units (RSUs), grant date not yet established
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Common shares excluded from computation of diluted net (loss) income per share (in shares)	0	653,334	0	653,334

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