navycmdr
2 hours ago
Fannie Mae: Checklist For Privatization
Bottom Line
https://seekingalpha.com/article/4758749-fannie-mae-checklist-for-privatization
Fannie Mae shares are at a critical juncture. With shares seeing more than a 500% increase
in the last six months,
I think optimism is rising that Fannie Mae will be able to privatize
and break out of their conservatorship.
This is a big opportunity, but I think the real risk now is not that Fannie Mae and its supporters
don’t pursue privatization, but what cost comes with it. How we can get mortgage rates lower is key.
With this, I remain optimistic on Fannie Mae,
and I continue to believe shares are a strong buy.
Co-Authored by Noah Cox and Brock Heilig
Feb. 15, 2025 - Noah's Arc Capital Management
Senate Finance Committee Considers Treasury Secretary Nominee Scott Bessent
Summary
--- Fannie Mae (FNMA) presents a significant opportunity, especially if privatized,
with potential stock value reaching $31-$34 per share, supported by Bill Ackman's analysis.
--- Key considerations include maintaining low mortgage rates and addressing the senior preferred
debt on Fannie Mae's balance sheet, with cautious optimism on both fronts.
--- Housing Urban Secretary Scott Turner's recent push for privatization and Treasury Secretary
Scott Bessent's focus on mortgage rates are pivotal developments since investors focused on the companies last month.
--- The main risk is the potential increase in mortgage rates post-privatization, but waiting until 2028
when Treasury warrants expire could mitigate dilution concerns for investors.
Investment Thesis
The Federal National Mortgage Association, also known as Fannie Mae (OTCQB:FNMA), is currently one of the most talked-about opportunities among retail investors, due to its potential upside. Billionaire hedge fund manager Bill Ackman is a big fan of the stock and argued in a January 16th presentation that shares have a lot of upside in the event of a spin out.
I believe one of the main keys right now is not if the Trump admin wants to privatize, but when. I think it’s quite likely that this will happen, so the main question surrounding the performance of the stock right now is how it will happen.
The administration has signaled that any privatization will need to answer a key question: will privatization keep mortgage rates low? For investors the capital stack question remains: will the senior preferred debt be wiped from the company’s balance sheet? On both of these questions I remain cautiously optimistic.
For now, I am a strong buy (much like how I am on the sister company Freddie Mac (OTCQB:FMCC), but I see these as two main questions remaining.
Background
Last month, I wrote an article about Fannie Mae’s sister company, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, also known as Freddie Mac (OTCQB:FMCC). In this article, I outlined a lot of the reasons why I was incredibly optimistic about both sister companies.
First of all, it’s important to note that both companies — and therefore, both stocks — more or less move together due to any privatization affecting both or none of them.
During that last piece of research on Freddie Mac, I described how Ackman believes the stocks could reach the $31-$34 range each if they are privatized. Given this would obviously apply to both companies, it would mean a major jump in shares, given that at the time of this writing, shares are worth $6.72 ((OTCQB:FNMA)) and $6.12 (OTCQB:FMCC) respectively.
As of right now, a month after my last writing, the story is similar, but we’ve gathered key from the Trump administration on where things could head.
With this, my point here is to show the reasonable bull case with the risks of the senior preferred shares and the desire from Treasury Secretary Bessent to keep mortgage rates low.
Where Do We Stand?
One of the biggest things that has happened in the effort to get Fannie Mae privatized is Housing Urban Secretary (HUD) Scott Turner’s push. Turner, a former NFL player, was confirmed on February 5th by the U.S. Senate to be the new head of the Department of Urban Housing and Development.
Turner announced last Thursday, February 6th, just one day after taking over his new role, that he will “quarterback” the efforts in getting Fannie Mae privatized and out of the control of the U.S. Government. During the 2008 recession, the U.S. Government took control of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as the two companies were struggling with bad mortgage debt.
In a recent interview, Turner touched on the push to privatize Fannie Mae, exclaiming that “there are partners that will be at the table and obviously we’ll be one of them,” when it comes to releasing Fannie Mae from the Government’s control.
The fact that Turner made this announcement the day after assuming his new role shows me that this is something he is very serious about and plans to attack quickly. This is encouraging to me.
He will need to get other stakeholders on board. So far there looks like there’s interest.
Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent offered his thoughts on the plan to privatize the two companies and get them out of control of the Government. According to Bessent, any release of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac from their current conservatorship would depend on the implications for mortgage rates.
Right now, the priority is tax policy — once we get through that, we will think about [reforms to Fannie and Freddie], Bessent said after an interview with Bloomberg’s Saleha Mohsin on Thursday, February 6.
Bessent added: Anything that is done around a safe and sound release is going to hinge on the effect of long-term mortgage rates.
It’s clear that keeping mortgage rates low is one of the biggest things stopping the two companies from being privatized almost immediately. However, it’s a bit of a catch-22, because Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac help keep mortgage rates low.
According to JVM Lending, mortgage rates are much lower under Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac because “the government guarantees every loan underwritten to their standards.” In this case, both Fannie and Freddie’s borrowing costs are low because their cost of funds are low because the government backstops their borrowing efforts.
Fannie’s rates are particularly low for first-time homebuyers with small down payments (under 10%). Without Fannie and Freddie, many of those buyers would have trouble getting financing at all, JVM Lending claims.
Adding to the mortgage rate risk (which has to be answered before a privatization), there is a risk of excess dilution for common shareholders, due to a 4% capital requirement. Ackman claims this bar is too high, according to his presentation.
The current 4% capital requirement is too high and would increase the cost of mortgage financing at a time when home affordability is at record lows and mortgage rates are at multiyear highs… 4% capital would require ~$270 billion to support the single-family guarantee business alone, >2x the capital held by both entities today. This would tie up ~$100bn+ of wasted capital that could be better deployed in other US businesses.
To address this (and the over dilution issue for shareholders), Ackman believes a 2.5% equity capital requirement could allow the mortgage buyer to still charge a guarantee fee and still produce enough net income to justify its capital ratios. This could mean we can keep guarantee fees at the levels roughly where they are today.
To help keep the cost of funds low for Fannie (and Freddie) the government should forgive its senior preferred shares like Ackman suggested. The US government has made far more than its principal amount back. Dropping these shares would save billions of dollars annually in interest.
Valuation
As I mentioned earlier in this article and in my previous research, Ackman believes that shares could be worth anywhere from $31 to $34 a piece if Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are released from the control of the Government. However, this will only be attainable if we see an IPO (Initial Public Offering) or a release from the Government into two private entities.
Because of this, I think we (like with Freddie) still need to figure out what the blended valuation of shares is (equal weighted chance we IPO and equal chance the IPO doesn’t go through). I believe that there is definitely a non-zero chance that this happens. I think this will give us a middle of the road scenario of what shares are worth.
As I wrote about last time, shares of Fannie Mae (like Freddie) are worth, essentially, nothing if the company is unable to separate into a private entity due to the Senior Preferred debt. However, I think this is unlikely to happen. I think the eventual outcome of what will happen is closer to Ackman’s belief of $31 to $34 per share, but it’s important to recognize that this outcome is a possibility.
In the bull case, I agree with Ackman’s opinion that shares will be worth roughly $31 to $34 if they can separate from the conservatorship and spin out in a capital efficient manner. I arrive at Ackman’s valuation based on the company trading at 10 times its last 12 months net income.
In 2023 (last full year of earnings) Fannie Mae brought in a net income of about $17.5 billion. If we multiply this number by 10, we arrive at a market cap of about $175 billion. Based on information provided and explained later in this article, the U.S. Government will own 79.9% of shares due to outstanding warrants.
This means that the Non-U.S. Government market cap is roughly $36.75 billion. With 1.158 billion shares currently outstanding, we arrive at value of roughly $31 per share. I think my conservative P/E multiple of 10 should account for the fact that the real forward P/E multiple will probably be closer to 14 (but also offset by the fact shareholders will be diluted in an IPO).
So because of this, I still agree with my opinion from my last article on Freddie Mac that to take the middle of the road approach, shares should trade at the sector median forward price-to-sales ratio to reflect both the bearish possibility that shares are worth nothing and the bullish outcome, in which shares are worth more than $30.
Currently, Fannie Mae’s forward price-to-sales ratio is 1.35, which is 53.54% lower than the sector median of 2.91. Seeking Alpha Quant gives Fannie Mae a grade of an A- on this metric. But like I mentioned in my last article, I think there is a lot of room for upside in shares if we saw them converge at the sector median of 2.91.
If we saw shares converge on this forward Price/sales ratio, this would represent about 115.5% upside from here.
I still agree with my previous thesis on its sister firm that shares should be priced more toward the bullish side than the bearish side. There has been a strong push from many inside the administration to get this deal done. I think they know (like many shareholders do) that the market will only accept a private Fannie Mae in the event that Senior Preferred debt is wiped off the balance sheet (otherwise the risk of dilution would be huge).
Risks
I think the big risk here is that mortgage rates do not go down in a simulated privatization, which is a big key in getting Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac privatized, as I mentioned earlier with Bessent’s quote.
To counter this, there is a bull case, and that is to simply wait.
It sounds odd, but the Treasury has a series of warrants that “give Treasury the right, though not the obligation, to buy common stock in the GSEs for a nominal price in the future.” These warrants expire on September 7, 2028.
According to this document from the Congressional Budget Office:
...if the Treasury exercised all of its warrants, it would own 79.9 percent of the GSEs’ common shares issued before the new stock offering. As a result, the Treasury would be in line to receive 79.9 percent of the equity value available to existing holders of common shares after the GSEs made up their capital shortfall and redeemed their senior and junior preferred shares.
If this September 7, 2028, deadline passes, the warrants will expire, which means a spinout would be a lot more feasible with far less dilution. While common shareholders (myself included) definitely don’t want to wait, this provides a scenario where the government could convert its senior preferred shares to common stock, while not diluting shares so much that the investment becomes unattractive. Given a late 2028 timeline, however, if the warrants expire a privatization would likely need to occur in the next presidential administration (post Trump). There is no guarantee they would support this.
Bottom Line
Fannie Mae shares are at a critical juncture. With shares seeing more than a 500% increase in the last six months, I think optimism is rising that Fannie Mae will be able to privatize and break out of their conservatorship.
This is a big opportunity, but I think the real risk now is not that Fannie Mae and its supporters don’t pursue privatization, but what cost comes with it. How we can get mortgage rates lower is key.
With this, I remain optimistic on Fannie Mae, and I continue to believe shares are a strong buy.
Editor's Note: This article discusses one or more securities that do not trade on a major U.S. exchange.
Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.