VANCOUVER, Jan. 21, 2015 /CNW/ - Tasman Metals
Ltd. ("Tasman" or the "Company") (TSXV:TSM)
(Frankfurt:T61) NYSE-MKT: TAS). Mr Mark Saxon, President & CEO, is pleased to
provide a summary of the Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) with an
effective date of 13th January
2015 for the 100% owned Norra Karr heavy rare earth element
(REE) deposit in Sweden. The PFS confirms Norra Karr to be an
economically robust project, with a long mine life, and the
capacity to be a major producer of the most critical REE's,
dysprosium (Dy), yttrium (Y), neodymium (Nd) and terbium (Tb).
PFS Highlights
- After-tax Net Present Value (NPV) of US$313 million using a 10% discount rate
- Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 24% pre tax and 20%
after tax using a 10% discount rate
- Initial capital cost of US$378
million including contingency – low for long mine life
heavy REE producer
- Major exposure to the most critical REE's, with 74% of
revenue from magnet metals Dy, Nd, Pr, Tb, Sm
- Norra Karr is the only REE project at PFS stage within the
European Union
- Project able to produce more than 200 tonnes of dysprosium
oxide per year for at least 20 years
- Unconstrained mine life is in excess of 60 years with
extensive mineralization below and along strike from 20-year
pit
- No requirement in flowsheet or economic model for proprietary
or commercially untested technologies
Key Project Attributes
- 25-year mining lease is already granted
- Highest heavy rare earth oxide to total rare earth oxide ratio
(HREO/TREO) of all major Western projects at 53%
- Conventional open pit mining, with a constrained 20 year life
of mine stripping ratio of 0.73
- Attractive location with extensive transport/power/water
infrastructure in place and close to major European REE
consumers
- High quality heavy REE-rich concentrate as reported in the
Company's July 9, 2014 press
release
- High leverage to anticipated increase in REE prices. Most
revenue from Dy, Nd, Tb – the most in demand metals. Only
2.6% of revenue from cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) which are
forecast to remain in long term oversupply
- High level of reliance on local equipment, reagents and
labour
"The release of this PFS is a major milestone for Tasman, and
I congratulate our team of staff and consultants for the
achievement" said Mark Saxon,
Tasman's President and CEO. "Norra Karr now stands out as
one of the major potential producers of dysprosium in the Western
World. There are very few projects known that can deliver
more than 200 tonnes of dysprosium oxide per year for more than 20
years to the high strength permanent magnet market, and perhaps
none other that can do so with less than US$400 million capital investment.
The extensive existing infrastructure surrounding Norra Karr,
the strong mining industry and political stability of Sweden, and presence of a highly skilled local
workforce provides industrial consumers of permanent magnets with a
high degree of confidence that a long lived and sustainable
European REE supply alternative to China is possible.
Our PFS engineering and design has focused on identifying the
lowest risk process solutions for Norra Karr, therefore neither the
economics nor the flow sheet rely on commercially untested
technologies. Through Norra Karr, the opportunity now exists
for Sweden to re-take its historic
lead in rare earth element production and research, and become part
of the next generation of REE-inspired design and
innovation.
The Tasman team is excited to take the next steps towards
project development."
PFS Key Financial and Operating Metrics
Key results and operational assumptions of the Norra Karr PFS
are provided in Tables 1 - 3 below.
Table 1: PFS Financial Results, Norra Karr Project,
January 2015.
|
|
FINANCIAL
RESULT
|
VALUE
|
Initial capital cost
(million)
|
US$378
|
Pre-tax / After-tax
IRR
|
24% / 20%
|
Pre-tax / After-tax
NPV at 10% discount rate (million)
|
US$456 /
US$313
|
After-tax payback
period
|
4.9 years
|
Mine life
(constrained to 20 years)
|
20 years
|
TREO basket
price/kg
|
US$64.57
|
Average annual
operating cash flow (after-tax) (million)
|
US$96
|
Table 2: PFS Financial Results at Various Discount Rates,
Norra Karr Project, January 2015.
(base case highlighted in grey)
|
|
|
DISCOUNT RATE
(%)
|
NPV - POST
TAX
(US$
M)
|
NPV - PRE
TAX
(US$
M)
|
6
|
620.2
|
837.1
|
8
|
443.9
|
619.1
|
10
|
312.7
|
456.2
|
12
|
213.7
|
332.8
|
Table 3: PFS Operating Assumptions, Norra Karr Project,
January 2015.
|
|
OPERATIONAL
METRICS
|
VALUE
|
Average annual ore
mining rate (million tonnes)
|
1.18
|
Average Annual Total
Rare Earth Oxide (TREO) production (tonnes)
|
5,119
|
Average Annual
Saleable TREO production (tonnes) (excludes Ho, Er, Tm,
Yb)
|
4,733
|
Average Mining Grade,
% TREO
|
0.59%
|
Average Mining Grade,
ppm Dy2O3
|
269
|
Life of Mine (20
year) Strip ratio (waste to ore)
|
0.73 : 1
|
Beneficiation Plant
recovery rate
|
89%
|
Hydrometallurgical
Average annual Feed Rate (tonnes)
|
5,235
|
Hydrometallurgical
Recovery Rate
|
86%
|
Overall
Recovery
|
77%
|
Separation Charge per
kg TREO (Converting Mixed to Individual REO's)
|
US$19
|
Operating cost per
tonne processed, including REO separation
|
US$179.60
|
Operating cost per kg
TREO, including REO separation
|
$US39.69
|
Project Overview
Norra Karr lies in south-central Sweden, 15km NNE of the township of Gränna and
300km SW of the capital Stockholm
in mixed forestry and farming land. The project is 100% owned
by Tasman, with a 25-year Mining Lease in place surrounded by an
extensive area of exploration licences.
Norra Karr is a zirconium (Zr) and heavy REE enriched
peralkaline nepheline syenite intrusion which covers 450m x 1,500m
in area. The deepest extents of the REE mineralized intrusion
have not been delineated, but exceed 350m. Mineralogical
studies show nearly all of the REE in the deposit is found within
the mineral eudialyte, with only trace britholite and mosandrite.
Eudialyte at Norra Kärr is relatively rich in REE's compared
to most other similar deposits globally, and also contains a very
high proportion of high value heavy REE's.
Spatial distribution of rare earth bearing minerals at Norra
Karr is very consistent. TREO grade, mineral grain size and
HREO/TREO% varies only slightly across the deposit in a concentric
manner. REE bearing minerals do not vary with either strike
or depth to any significant degree.
Uranium (U) and thorium (Th) levels at Norra Karr are considered
very low for an REE-enriched intrusion and do not significantly
exceed background levels in surrounding areas. Thorium and
uranium average value 6 ppm and 13 ppm respectively.
This PFS and economic assessment is based on conventional open
pit mining of a newly calculated Mineral Resource that was
constrained to provide for a 20-year mine life. An average
annual rare earth oxide (REO) output of some 5,100 tonnes is
envisaged, reflecting the recommendations of a market study for the
most critical REE's. Ore is processed via a simple flowsheet,
comprising crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, sulphuric acid
leaching and precipitation of a purified mixed REE-oxalate which is
calcined to form a mixed REO product.
The PFS model provides for REE separation to individual saleable
oxides by an external partner on a commercial basis. Such REE
separation facilities operate within Europe today.
Engineering and design work under the PFS has focussed on
identifying the lowest risk process solutions. The result is
a simple operation, with consistent use of commercially available
technology, and use of external partners where appropriate.
Sweden is very highly regarded for
quality, efficiency and world-leading productivity, skills
essential in the consistent delivery of high purity REE
products.
Conclusions within this PFS are supported by very extensive
drilling, sampling, process testwork and REE consumer
discussions. The PFS is considered a complete study,
addressing in addition to mining and processing, all required on
site and off site infrastructure, land access, reagent and fuel
transport and storage, power access, water recycling and
purification, waste rock and tailings storage, and final
closure.
GBM Minerals Engineering Consultants Limited (GBM), an
independent specialist metallurgy, minerals processing,
infrastructure and engineering consulting group based in
Twickenham, UK coordinated and
authored the PFS. Other members of the PFS team include
Wardell Armstrong International Limited (WAI), Golder Associates Oy
(Golder Associates) and Denco Strategic Research & Consulting
Inc (Denco), all of whom are independent to Tasman. The
Company anticipates filing a technical report reflecting the
results of the PFS under its profile at www.sedar.com within 45
days of the date of this news release.
Project Output and Pricing
Forecast REE output as modeled under the PFS is provided in
Table 4, along with pricing assumptions used in the PFS financial
models. Pricing assumptions were provided by independent
consultants at Denco following a detailed market study, and lie at
the lower end of those assumed by heavy REE peer companies in
recent studies. No value has been ascribed to REE's with very
small markets and no public pricing.
Demand for high-strength magnets are widely forecast to grow at
5-10% annually and the REE's used in these magnets (Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb,
Sm) presents the strongest opportunity in the REE sector.
Magnet metals comprise 74% by revenue and 26% by volume at Norra
Karr, indicating the project presents strong exposure to this high
growth market. The elements identified by the U.S. Department
of Energy as critical to "clean energy" with supply uncertainty
(Nd, Dy Eu, Tb, Y), comprise 85% by revenue and 49% by volume at
Norra Karr.
The basket price of Norra Karr is one of the highest in the REE
sector, due to the high percentage contribution of Dy, Tb, Y and
Nd.
Table 4: Annual REO Output and Assumed Pricing, Norra Karr
Project, January 2015.
RARE EARTH
OXIDE
|
MAJOR
USAGE
|
RECOVERY
(%)
|
AVG
ANNUAL
PRODUCTION
(tonnes)
|
ASSUMED
PRICE /
KG
(US
$)
|
%
OF
REVENUE
|
|
Lanthanum
|
La2O3
|
CATALYSTS
|
78
|
485
|
$7
|
1.0
|
LIGHT
REE
|
Cerium
|
Ce2O3
|
GLASS
|
78
|
1,090
|
$5
|
1.6
|
Praseodymium
|
Pr2O3
|
MAGNETS
|
79
|
144
|
$115
|
5.0
|
Neodymium
|
Nd2O3
|
MAGNETS
|
79
|
580
|
$80
|
14.1
|
Samarium
|
Sm2O3
|
MAGNETS
|
79
|
160
|
$8
|
0.4
|
Europium
|
Eu2O3
|
LIGHTING
|
79
|
20
|
$700
|
4.2
|
HEAVY
REE
|
Gadolinium
|
Gd2O3
|
MEDICINE
|
79
|
177
|
$40
|
2.1
|
Terbium
|
Tb2O3
|
MAGNETS
|
79
|
36
|
$950
|
10.3
|
Dysprosium
|
Dy2O3
|
MAGNETS
|
79
|
243
|
$575
|
42.3
|
Holmium
|
Ho2O3
|
MINOR USE
|
78
|
52
|
$0
|
0
|
Erbium
|
Er2O3
|
MINOR USE
|
77
|
162
|
$0
|
0
|
Thulium
|
Tm2O3
|
MINOR USE
|
77
|
24
|
$0
|
0
|
Ytterbium
|
Yb2O3
|
MINOR USE
|
76
|
148
|
$0
|
0
|
Lutetium
|
Lu2O3
|
MEDICINE
|
75
|
20
|
$900
|
5.5
|
Yttrium
|
Y2O3
|
LIGHTING
|
72
|
1,778
|
$25
|
13.5
|
Norra Karr TREO
Basket Price
|
|
|
$64.57
|
|
|
Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimate
For the purposes of the PFS and following a supply and demand
study of various REE market segments by Denco, WAI was requested to
optimize the Mineral Resource and pit that would allow for
production of 5,000 tonnes per year of separated REO over a
constrained mine life of 20 years. This production rate was
chosen due to the globally significant output of dysprosium,
yttrium and terbium from Norra Karr under this scenario.
Using this production rate and duration guidance provided by
Tasman, WAI produced an optimized pit model to estimate the in-pit
Mineral Resource as provided in Table 5. The Mineral Resource
estimation was completed using a 3D block modeling approach
utilising Datamine Studio 3® software. A TREO cut-off grade
of 0.4% shall be considered as the "base case".
WAI was supplied with a database of geological and geotechnical
logging as well as assay results. The database contained sample
data from surface diamond drilling containing a total of 119 holes
(20,420m) from which 9,986 samples have been assayed. All
work completed by Tasman was considered to be of a high standard,
with robust QA/QC protocols in place that demonstrated precision
and accuracy of samples.
Cautionary Note
to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Indicated Mineral
Resources. This section uses the term "indicated mineral
resources". We advise U.S. investors that while that term is
recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. U.S.
Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of an
indicated mineral resource will ever be converted into
reserves.
|
Table 5: Indicated Mineral Resource for Norra Karr Project,
Effective Date 13th January
2015.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TREO
%
Cut-Off
Grade
|
Tonnes
(M)
|
TREO
(%)
|
%
HREO
in
TREO
|
Dy2O3
(%)
|
Y2O3
(%)
|
Eu2O3
(%)
|
La2O3
(%)
|
Nd2O3
(%)
|
Ce2O3
(%)
|
Gd2O3
(%)
|
Tb2O3
(%)
|
Pr2O3
(%)
|
Sm2O3
(%)
|
Lu2O3
(%)
|
0.2
|
36.82
|
0.55
|
53.2
|
0.0253
|
0.2005
|
0.0020
|
0.0519
|
0.0603
|
0.1156
|
0.0183
|
0.00371
|
0.01504
|
0.01647
|
0.00227
|
0.4
|
31.11
|
0.61
|
52.6
|
0.0273
|
0.2178
|
0.0022
|
0.0573
|
0.0668
|
0.1282
|
0.0200
|
0.00403
|
0.01668
|
0.01815
|
0.00238
|
0.6
|
17.12
|
0.68
|
52.2
|
0.0299
|
0.2429
|
0.0025
|
0.0621
|
0.0769
|
0.1441
|
0.0226
|
0.00447
|
0.01896
|
0.02083
|
0.00251
|
Notes:
1)
|
Mineral Resources are
not Mineral Reserves and do not have demonstrated economic
viability.
|
2)
|
Mineral Resources
are reported inclusive of any reserves.
|
3)
|
The Mineral
Resources reported have been constrained on the basis of a 20yr
pit.
|
4)
|
Mineral Resources
are reported for combined Migmatitic Grennaite, Pegmatitic
Grennaite, Grennaite with Catapleiite and Eudialyte Lakarpite
mineralization only
|
5)
|
The Mineral
Resources reported represent estimated contained metal in the
ground and has not been adjusted for metallurgical
recovery.
|
6)
|
Total Rare Earth
Oxides (TREO) includes: La2O3,
Ce2O3, Pr2O3,
Nd2O3, Sm2O3,
Eu2O3, Gd2O3,
Tb2O3, Dy2O3,
Ho2O3, Er2O3,
Tm2O3, Yb2O3,
Lu2O3,
Y2O3.
|
7)
|
Heavy Rare Earth
Oxides (HREO) includes: Eu2O3,
Gd2O3, Tb2O3,
Dy2O3, Ho2O3,
Er2O3, Tm2O3,
Yb2O3, Lu2O3,
Y2O3.
|
8)
|
Preferred Base
Case Mineral Resources are reported at a TREO % cut-off grade of
0.4% TREO.
|
9)
|
Metal prices used
for 20yr pit constraint comprise:
|
Cerium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.005
|
Neodymium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.105
|
Dysprosium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.470
|
Praseodymium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.075
|
Erbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Samarium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.007
|
Europium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.700
|
Terbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.725
|
Gadolinium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.020
|
Thulium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Holmium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Yttrium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.015
|
Lanthanum
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.007
|
Ytterbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Lutetium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
1.300
|
|
|
|
10)
|
The potential
development of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by
legal, political, environmental or other risks.
|
WAI has completed an open pit design based on the Mineral
Resource block model of Norra Karr. Datamine NPV Scheduler
software was used to generate an optimized design based on
technical and economic parameters supplied by Tasman and GBM, and
mining costs derived by WAI. Taking into account of modifying
factors (loss/dilution, geotechnics) an open pit mine design was
based on the optimized pit shell to provide an estimate of Mineral
Reserves.
Probable Mineral Reserves are reported at this stage due to the
confidence of Mineral Resources, as provided in Table 6, with a
full break down of REE's in Table 7. Probable Mineral
Reserves total 23.6 million tonnes (Mt) of ore material at 0.59%
TREO. Mined waste totals 17.3 Mt for total 20-year mining of 40.8
Mt, life of mine stripping ratio (total waste:total ore) of 0.73,
and an average pit slope angle of 53 degrees Mineral Reserve
estimates have been based on a targeted 20 year mine life. The
unconstrained mine life, at current economic parameters, is in
excess of 60 years.
Cautionary Note
to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Proven and Probable
Reserves. The references in the following tables to
"probable mineral reserves" are Canadian mining terms as defined in
accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of
Disclosure for Mineral Projects and the Canadian Institute of
Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the "CIM") - Standards on Mineral
Resources and Mineral Reserves – Definitions and Guidelines,
adopted by the CIM Council, as amended . These definitions differ
from the definitions in SEC Industry Guide 7 under the United
States Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Under SEC Industry Guide
7 standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve"
unless the determination has been made that the mineralization
could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time
the reserve determination is made. Among other things, all
necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issuance
imminent in order to classify mineralized material as reserves
under the SEC standards. Accordingly, the following information may
not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S.
companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements
under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and
regulations thereunder.
|
Table 6: Probable Mineral Reserves for Norra Karr Project,
Effective Date 13th January
2015.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes
(M)
|
TREO
(%)
|
HREO
%
|
%
HREO
in
TREO
|
Dy2O3
(%)
|
Y2O3
(%)
|
Eu2O3
(%)
|
La2O3
(%)
|
Nd2O3
(%)
|
Ce2O3
(%)
|
Gd2O3
(%)
|
Tb2O3
(%)
|
Pr2O3
(%)
|
Sm2O3
(%)
|
Lu2O3
(%)
|
23.6
|
0.592
|
0.314
|
53.1
|
0.0269
|
0.215
|
0.0022
|
0.0551
|
0.0648
|
0.124
|
0.0196
|
0.00396
|
0.0161
|
0.0178
|
0.00234
|
Notes:
1)
|
Mineral Reserves are
reported based on material contained within the Final Mine
Design.
|
2)
|
Mineral Reserves are
constrained to a designed 20yr mine life.
|
3)
|
Mineral Reserves are
reported for combined Migmatitic Grennaite and Pegmatitic
Grennaite only,
|
4)
|
Mineral Reserves
reported have been adjusted for mining factors, at 3.5 % dilution
and 5.0 % loss.
|
5)
|
Mineral Reserves are
reported to 3 significant figures.
|
6)
|
Total Rare Earth
Oxides (TREO) includes: La2O3, Ce2O3, Pr2O3, Nd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3,
Gd2O3, Tb2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3,
Y2O3.
|
7)
|
Heavy Rare Earth
Oxides (HREO) includes: Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Tb2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3,
Tm2O3, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, Y2O3.
|
8)
|
Metal prices used
for 20yr pit constraint comprise:
|
Cerium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.005
|
Neodymium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.105
|
Dysprosium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.470
|
Praseodymium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.075
|
Erbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Samarium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.007
|
Europium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.700
|
Terbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.725
|
Gadolinium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.020
|
Thulium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Holmium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Yttrium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.015
|
Lanthanum
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.007
|
Ytterbium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
0.000
|
Lutetium
Oxide
|
US$/g
|
1.300
|
|
|
|
9)
|
Indicated Mineral
Resources are inclusive of Mineral Reserves.
|
10)
|
Mineral Resources
that are not Mineral Reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability.
|
11)
|
The potential
development of Mineral Resources may be materially affected by
legal, political, environmental or other risks.
|
Table 7: Composition of TREO in 20-Year Mineral Reserve,
Norra Karr
|
|
|
|
RARE
EARTH
OXIDE
|
GRADE
(%)
|
RELATIVE
DISTRIBUTION
|
|
Lanthanum
(La)
|
0.0551
|
9.3%
|
LIGHT
REE
|
Cerium
(Ce)
|
0.1240
|
20.9%
|
Praseodymium
(Pr)
|
0.0161
|
2.7%
|
Neodymium
(Nd)
|
0.0648
|
10.9%
|
Samarium
(Sm)
|
0.0178
|
3.0%
|
Total Light
REO
|
0.2778
|
46.9%
|
|
|
|
|
Europium
(Eu)
|
0.0022
|
0.37%
|
HEAVY
REE
|
Gadolinium
(Gd)
|
0.0196
|
3.3%
|
Terbium
(Tb)
|
0.0040
|
0.7%
|
Dysprosium
(Dy)
|
0.0269
|
4.5%
|
Holmium
(Ho)
|
0.0059
|
1.0%
|
Erbium
(Er)
|
0.0184
|
3.1%
|
Thulium
(Tm)
|
0.0028
|
0.5%
|
Ytterbium
(Yb)
|
0.0172
|
2.9%
|
Lutetium
(Lu)
|
0.0023
|
0.4%
|
Yttrium
(Y)
|
0.2150
|
36.3%
|
Total Heavy
REO
|
0.3143
|
53.1%
|
|
|
|
|
|
TREO
|
0.5920
|
100%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
Metals
|
|
|
|
ZrO2
|
1.84
|
|
|
Hf
|
0.0286
|
|
|
U
|
0.0013
|
|
|
Th
|
0.0006
|
|
|
Samples submitted by Tasman Metals Ltd used with the Mineral
Resource calculation quoted above were analyzed by the ME-MS81
technique by ALS Chemex Ltd's laboratories in Pitea, Sweden and Vancouver, Canada, where duplicates, repeats,
blanks and known standards were inserted according to standard
industry practice. Where over-range for ME-MS81, Zr was determined
using the ME-XRF10 technique. The Qualified Person for the
Company's exploration projects, Mark
Saxon, President and Chief Executive Officer of Tasman and a
member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and
Australian Institute of Geoscientists oversaw this data
collection.
Mining
The Norra Karr REE deposit, as modelled in this PFS is a single
body of mineralization, some 300m x 700m in size at surface, which
begins under 0.5m average of soil cover. Under the PFS,
mining at Norra Karr is planned as a single simple open pit that
will extend from surface to a maximum depth of 160m over a 20 year
mine life. It is anticipated that average annual tonnes of
ore mined would be 1.18 million while waste rock mined would be
0.84 million. Many intersections of mineralized rock that
exceed the 0.4% TREO cut-off lie below the 20-year pit.
For reference, Sweden's largest
open pit mine is Aitik, where in excess of 60 million tonnes of
rock are mined each year. The closest active mine to Norra
Karr is the Zinkgruvan Mine of Lundin Mining that lies only 90km to
the north, where approximately 1.2 million tonnes of ore are mined
annually.
As both grade and mineralogy is homogeneous throughout the Norra
Karr deposit, no stockpiling of ore or blending is envisaged as
necessary under the PFS. Due to relatively recent glacial
action in the Nordic countries, little weathering exists near
surface at Norra Karr, limiting metallurgical complexity.
The mining methods designed under the PFS have taken account of
two constraints, blasting fragmentation and a nearby highway.
Fragmentation has been required to meet a maximum size of 600mm,
and in conjunction planned blasting has been designed within a
safety envelope for a nearby highway to the west of the project
site. The PFS contemplates open pit mining operations
consisting of conventional hydraulic shovel and rigid body trucks
with ancillary support vehicles. Mining operations would be
carried out over a single eight hour shift per day for five days
per week, with the exception of drilling which shall be undertaken
over two eight hours shifts per day for five days per week.
The open pit mine design in the PFS has targeted the pit ramp
entrance on the southern end of the pit, directly towards the
processing facilities. Ore will be hauled from within the pit
directly to the run of mine (ROM) pad, where a wheel loader will
load material into a primary jaw crusher and into the processing
circuit.
Processing
Flowsheet design as incorporated in the PFS is the result of
three years of mineralogical, comminution, beneficiation and
leaching research and testwork at a variety of leading
facilities. Much of this work has been under the guidance of
GBM, who have integrated all results in the process
design.
Early research on Norra Karr identified that almost all
(>95%) of REE's are hosted by the zircono-silicate mineral
eudialyte. Furthermore, despite some mineral colour variation
across the deposit, the eudialyte is fairly homogeneous throughout,
and consistently elevated in heavy REE's. Microprobe and
LA-ICP-MS data has indicated that eudialyte from Norra Karr is some
of the richest in REE known globally, and is typically 3-5 times
richer in REE's than that found in Zr-REE deposits on the
Kola Peninsula in Russia, where previous eudialyte processing
research attempted to extract zirconium. Eudialyte is well
known to be easily soluble in weak acid at room temperature.
Eudialyte is weakly (para) magnetic, and therefore magnetic
separation has been the focus of processing research. After
early success, three equipment manufacturing companies were engaged
to optimise the magnetic separation process. Metso's HGMS
equipment gave the most satisfactory performance, resulting in a
clean and high recovery eudialyte-rich mineral concentrate.
Gangue in this mineral concentrate is limited to the mafic mineral
aegirine, which is not acid soluble under normal leaching
conditions.
Optimization has continued with Metso equipment at the
Geological Survey of Finland
(GTK), under the guidance of Metso Minerals. This
optimization has increased REE recovery in beneficiation to in
excess of 86% in less than 35% of the original mass, such that
flotation is no longer deemed necessary as was envisaged under the
Norra Karr Preliminary Economic Assessment published June
2013. Magnetic separation shall use standard commercial
equipment and does not require process chemicals.
Beneficiation recovery higher than 90% is now anticipated and
targeted.
Following early testwork at a range of laboratories, most
extensive hydrometallurgical research has been completed by ANSTO
Minerals in Australia. ANSTO tested a process of sulphuric
acid leaching, leach solution purification, REE solvent extraction
and precipitation of an REE-concentrate. Further process
optimization shall focus on more efficient reagent use, or reagent
substitution for more cost effective alternatives.
Sulphuric acid was chosen due to its relatively low cost, and
its widespread availability in Sweden. A railway line which
passes only 25km from Norra Karr currently transports bulk
sulphuric acid from Swedish company Boliden's Swedish and Finnish
base metal smelters. Boliden was selected as the preferred
supplier of sulphuric acid under the PFS, with combined train and
road transport capability to site.
Under the hydrometallurgical process developed, leaching is
undertaken at ambient temperature and pressure. High
temperature roasting is not required to dissolve eudialyte.
Improvements in magnetic separation efficacy during 2014
significantly reduced the amount of sulphuric acid-consuming gangue
minerals within the eudialyte-rich mineral concentrate. As a
result, sulphuric acid consumption per tonne of ore has fallen to
85 kg/tonne.
A heavy REE enriched, low impurity oxalate has been precipitated
by ANSTO with a grade of approximately 45% REE. This oxalate
can be easily calcined to a high grade REE-oxide subject to
customer requirements. The composition of this oxalate is
provided in Table 8.
ANSTO is an acknowledged expert in radionuclide behaviour and
deportment, and the process behaviour of the small amount of
uranium, thorium and daughter products are well understood.
The beneficiation and hydrometallurgy flowsheet is provided in
Figure 1.
Table 8: Composition of REE-oxalate precipitated by ANSTO
Minerals from Norra Karr project, with REO relative abundance (when
converted to oxide)
|
|
|
|
Element
|
Weight
% REE
in
Oxalate
Solid
|
REO
as
%
of
TREO
|
|
La
|
4.94
|
10.7
|
LIGHT
REE
|
Ce
|
10.75
|
23.2
|
Pr
|
1.46
|
3.1
|
Nd
|
6.76
|
14.5
|
Sm
|
1.65
|
3.5
|
Eu
|
0.27
|
0.6
|
HEAVY
REE
|
Gd
|
1.66
|
3.5
|
Tb
|
0.35
|
0.7
|
Dy
|
2.19
|
4.6
|
Ho
|
0.49
|
1.0
|
Er
|
1.29
|
2.7
|
Tm
|
0.18
|
0.4
|
Yb
|
1.14
|
2.4
|
Lu
|
0.15
|
0.3
|
Y
|
12.21
|
28.6
|
Total
REE
|
45.48
|
100 %
|
|
|
|
|
|
Light REE
%
|
|
55.1
|
|
Heavy REE
%
|
|
44.9
|
|
Environmental & Permitting
Sweden is home to a significant
and diverse mining industry, and a well tested and transparent
Minerals Act that has been in effect since 1992.
In 2013, Tasman was granted a 25-year Mining Lease for the Norra
Karr project. The Mining Lease gives Tasman the full mineral
rights for an initial period of 25 years, when it is then
automatically renewed in 10 year increments if the mine is in
operation. The lease was granted by the Swedish Mining
Inspectorate (Bergsstaten) after the assessment of environmental
impact data that was collected by independent consultants and
submitted by Tasman. To commence mining, in addition to the
Mining Lease an Environmental Permit must be granted to the
project, pursuant to the provisions of the Swedish Environmental
Code (1998:808). The application for an Environment Permit must
include an Environmental Impact Assessment.
Golder Associates were engaged under the PFS to review
environmental and social data collected by independent experts
commissioned by Tasman, provide input to the PFS report, undertake
an environmental and social issues red flag assessment and review
and comment upon all issues relating to permitting. Numerous
baseline studies have been completed on and around the Mining
Lease, however further studies are expected to be needed for
environmental permitting. Certain nature values have been
identified on site, however these are not expected to present major
obstacles to project development. Furthermore, management believes
it is unlikely that further studies will find or identify nature
values of a character or magnitude that would stop the project from
progressing.
All site water discharge will be directed away from the
catchment area of the nearby Lake Vättern. The receiving
watercourse flows southward of the site area towards smaller lakes
and eventually into the Baltic Sea. The predicted discharge from
the mine is high compared to natural flow rates in the stream and
would represent a significant portion of the entire
streamflow. This is expected to result in strict control of
discharge water quality.
Current process design incorporates a water recycling plant,
resulting in a substantial reduction of both make up water intake
and the discharge water flow rate. A detailed water
management plan will be developed in later stages of project
development. The water management plan should be based on further
information about quality as well as quantity of the water
discharge. Potential need for treatment of the discharge beyond
that considered under the PFS will be investigated in the detailed
water management plan.
A conceptual level mine closure plan has been prepared for the
project under the PFS. The mine closure plan will be further
refined in the Feasibility Study design stage and during
operations, to meet any conditions imposed by the Environmental
Permit. Mine closure targets are set so as to ensure safety
and no significant on-site or off-site impact.
Capital Expenditures
The estimated startup capital cost for the Norra Karr project,
as provided in Table 9, is considered low amongst its peer group of
heavy REE projects that can support a mine life in excess of 20
years. The Capital Cost estimates for the mining operation
were developed by GBM with contribution from Golder Associates and
WAI. The extensive existing road/power/rail infrastructure
and the presence of a local skilled work force, minimizes the need
for off-site infrastructure investment, whilst the ambient
temperature and pressure processing conditions reduces the need for
high capital cost process equipment. Tasman is very aware
that the project's success is dependent on providing an
environmentally and socially sustainable REE supply chain, and
therefore significant investments are planned to be made in the
management and minimization of water and solid waste streams.
Furthermore, Tasman has focused on the use of Nordic equipment and
reagent suppliers wherever possible, to ensure maximum local
benefit and minimize any equipment or supply down time.
Initial capital cost for Norra Karr is estimated to be a
relatively low US$378.3 million,
including $40.1 million in
Contingency and US$25.3 million in
Working Capital. It is estimated that an additional
US$44.3 million shall be required
during the life of the project in sustaining capital.
Table 9: Estimated Initial Capital Requirement for Norra Karr
Project Under PFS, January, 2015
|
|
COST
AREA
|
INITIAL
CAPITAL
(US$
M)
|
Mining
|
$21.9
|
Process &
Tailings
|
$169.5
|
Waste
Management
|
$14.3
|
Product
Handling
|
-
|
Infrastructure and
Utilities
|
$18.1
|
General
|
$7.5
|
DIRECT
TOTAL
|
$231.3
|
|
|
EPCM
|
$36.2
|
Field
Indirect
|
$45.3
|
Contingency
|
$40.1
|
INDIRECT
TOTAL
|
$121.6
|
|
|
FIXED CAPITAL
TOTAL
|
$352.9
|
|
|
Working
Capital
|
$25.3
|
|
|
TOTAL CAPITAL
INVESTMENT
|
$378.3
|
Operating Costs
The Operating Cost estimates for the mine were developed by GBM
with contribution from Golder Associates and WAI, as provided in
Table 10. The Operating Cost for Norra Karr incorporates
mining, milling, magnetic separation, leaching, purification,
precipitation, calcination and transport of a mixed REE-oxide
concentrate, as well as water management, tailings disposal,
transport of material to and from site, general and administration
fees along with associated infrastructure and services.
The Operating Cost estimate also assumes a separation or tolling
charge of US$19 per kg, following
discussion with various potential industry partners.
Operating costs are viewed as in keeping with peer heavy REE
projects, and includes significant investments in water recycling,
purification and efficient storage of tailing and waste rock.
Table 10: Operating Cost for Norra Karr Project Under PFS,
January, 2015
|
|
|
OPERATING
COSTS
|
AVG
ANNUAL
(US$
M)
|
COST PER
KG
REO
|
% OF
TOTAL
OPEX
|
|
|
|
|
|
MINING
COSTS
|
$6.57
|
$1.35
|
3.4%
|
|
|
|
|
|
PROCESSING
COSTS
|
|
|
|
|
Labour
|
$8.35
|
$1.71
|
4.3%
|
|
Reagents
|
$35.70
|
$7.32
|
18.4%
|
|
Maintenance and
Consumables
|
$7.89
|
$1.62
|
4.1%
|
|
Utilities
|
$12.88
|
$2.64
|
6.7%
|
|
Water Treatment and
Waste Management
|
$24.40
|
$5.00
|
12.6%
|
|
|
|
|
|
GENERAL AND
ADMIN
|
$5.08
|
$1.04
|
2.6%
|
|
|
|
|
|
REFINING/SEPARATION COSTS
|
$92.6
|
$19.00
|
47.9%
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
$193.51
|
$39.69
|
100.0%
|
|
|
|
|
|
NPV Sensitivity Analysis
Beyond the base case analysis, a sensitivity analysis was
performed on the economic model to assess the impact for changes in
the REE price deck as well as changes to the operational costs. The
results of the sensitivity analysis are provided in Table 11, which
demonstrate that the economic model is most sensitive to changes in
the REO basket prices, followed by initial capital expenditures and
finally increases or decreases in operational costs.
Table 11: Norra Karr, Sensitivity Analysis of Cost
Assumptions under PFS (base case highlighted in grey)
|
|
|
Selling Price of
REO Basket
|
NPV (US$ M)
@10%
|
IRR
|
US$54.8
/kg
|
Decrease
15%
|
$61.6
|
12%
|
US$58.0
/kg
|
Decrease
10%
|
$145.3
|
15%
|
US$61.2
/kg
|
Decrease
5%
|
$229.0
|
17%
|
US$64.5
/kg
|
Base Case
|
$312.6
|
20%
|
US$67.7
/kg
|
Increase
5%
|
$396.3
|
22%
|
US$70.9
/kg
|
Increase
10%
|
$480.0
|
24%
|
US$74.1
/kg
|
Increase
15%
|
$563.7
|
27%
|
|
|
|
Initial Capital
Expenditure (US$ M)
|
NPV (US$ M)
@10%
|
IRR
|
US$ 340.5
m
|
Decrease
10%
|
$342.1
|
22%
|
US$ 359.4
m
|
Decrease
5%
|
$327.5
|
21%
|
US$ 378.3
m
|
Base Case
|
$312.6
|
20%
|
US$ 397.2
m
|
Increase
5%
|
$297.9
|
19%
|
US$ 416.1
m
|
Increase
10%
|
$283.2
|
18%
|
US$ 435.0
m
|
Increase
15%
|
$268.5
|
18%
|
US$ 453.9
m
|
Increase
20%
|
$253.8
|
17%
|
|
|
|
Operating Costs/kg
TREO Output
|
NPV(US$ M)
@10%
|
IRR
|
$35.7
|
Decrease
10%
|
$363.9
|
21%
|
$37.7
|
Decrease
5%
|
$338.3
|
21%
|
$39.7
|
Base Case
|
$312.7
|
20%
|
$41.7
|
Increase
5%
|
$287.1
|
19%
|
$43.7
|
Increase
10%
|
$261.5
|
18%
|
$45.6
|
Increase
15%
|
$235.9
|
18%
|
$47.6
|
Increase
20%
|
$210.3
|
17%
|
Rare Earth Pricing and Markets
Pricing assumptions used in the PFS financial model were
provided by independent consultants at Denco following a market
study on various industry segments, and discussions with various
industry partners, as provided in Table 12.
REE pricing is more challenging to forecast than other
commodities, as they are traded on a contract basis and have
varying pricing points based on purity, transaction volume and
other supply conditions. Sources for current REE pricing include
news publications such as Metal-Pages, Asian Metal and Industrial
Minerals. These sources can provide regularly updated contract
pricing data, though the volume of material sold that correspond
with each price point is not known.
REE pricing is impacted by more than just supply and
demand. Prices have been volatile for the last decade as
China introduced export quotas in
2005 and significantly reduced them in 2010, which sent some rare
earth prices up over 10 times. Prices in 2011 were at
unprecedented highs, which resulted in stockpiling, recycling and
research into the reduction of usage in certain applications.
Currently, prices are depressed as demand growth has slowed and
inventory (including illegal product) continues to work through the
system.
The involvement of centralized Chinese planning in the REE
sector remains highly relevant, with 2014 witnessing very
significant attempts to consolidate production under state-owned
enterprises, increase supply chain integration and reduce black
market smuggling of higher priced heavy REE's. Despite this,
production and separation capacity for light REE's remains in
severe over supply within China. Chinese government influence
is widely forecast to remain high in the REE sector. A new
Chinese export-tax system, replacing the quota system, is
anticipated to provide both price control and volume constraint in
the future.
The long term price forecast used in the PFS is lower than the
trailing 3-year average for all elements but above current prices
for some elements today (Nd, Tb, Dy and Y). Higher prices are
primarily supported by demand growth for permanent magnets and the
slow ramp up of heavy rare earth mines outside of China. Tasman believes that pricing for
La and Ce will continue to be depressed in the long-term due to new
production from Lynas and Molycorp as well as the continued ramp up
of production from both facilities. As noted, only 2.6% of revenue
from Norra Karr under the PFS is derived from La and Ce.
Table 12: Rare Earth Oxide Price Assumptions for Norra Karr
PFS, January 2015
|
|
|
|
REE
OXIDE
|
PFS
Pricing
(US$/kg)
|
Current (Dec
2014)
(US$/kg)
|
Trailing 3 year
Avg
(US$/kg)
|
Ce₂O₃
|
5.00
|
4.65
|
11.88
|
La₂O₃
|
7.00
|
4.85
|
11.99
|
Pr₂O₃
|
115.00
|
117.00
|
110.94
|
Nd₂O₃
|
80.00
|
58.00
|
84.32
|
Sm₂O₃
|
8.00
|
16.50
|
27.59
|
Eu₂O₃
|
700.00
|
705.00
|
1,455.48
|
Gd₂O₃
|
40.00
|
46.50
|
65.34
|
Tb₂O₃
|
950.00
|
615.00
|
1,199.23
|
Dy₂O₃
|
575.00
|
340.00
|
670.69
|
Ho₂O₃
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Er₂O₃
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Tm₂O₃
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Yb₂O₃
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Lu₂O₃
|
900.00
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Y₂O₃
|
25.00
|
14.00
|
44.40
|
NK
Basket
|
$64.46
|
$41.42
|
$80.65
|
Project Opportunities
The Company, in conjunction with the PFS consultants, has
identified a range of areas warranting further investigation during
the planned project optimization phase. Opportunities
relating to process improvements and cost reductions of the
existing flowsheet are underway, however additional opportunities
for by-product development may be available. Norra Karr's
unique location in Europe
surrounded by well developed infrastructure and in close proximity
to the large European population allows the supply of bulk
materials to be considered.
Opportunities under consideration include:
- further development of nepheline/feldspar product for ceramic
and glass markets;
- development of saleable Zr and Hf products for nuclear or
ceramic industries;
- development of silca-based thermal insulation products;
- recycling and substitution of high cost reagents;
- in-house separation/group separation;
- removal of Ce/La on site to increase basket price;
- recovery increase;
- alternate water management solutions;
- alternate mining scenarios; and/or
- increasing mine life or production rate with expanded
resource.
NI 43-101 Compliance
A technical report supporting the PFS is being prepared by GBM
Minerals Engineering Consultants Limited under the guidance of
Michael Short, Principal Consultant
for GBM Minerals Engineering Consultants Limited who is a
"Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 –
Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
The Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve estimates were
completed by Wardell Armstrong International Limited under the
supervision of Greg Moseley and Mark
Mounde, who are both "Qualified Persons" in accordance with
National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral
Projects.
The process and infrastructure design and cost estimation for
the integrated processing plant for the Study was completed by GBM
Minerals Engineering Consultants Limited under the supervision of
Michael Short who is a "Qualified
Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards
of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
Scientific and technical information contained in this news
release in relation to metallurgical test work was completed by GBM
Minerals Engineering Consultants Limited under the supervision of
Michael Short who is a "Qualified
Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 – Standards
of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
The environmental and social section and the permitting review
was completed by Golder Associate Oy under the supervision of
Gareth Digges La Touche who is a
"Qualified Person" in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 –
Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects.
Tasman's Qualified Person, Mr. Mark
Saxon, President and Chief Executive Officer of Tasman and a
Fellow of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and
Member of the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, has reviewed
and verified the contents of this news release.
About Tasman Metals Ltd.
Tasman is a Canadian mineral exploration and development company
focused on critical metals including REE's and tungsten in
Scandinavia. Tasman is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange under the
symbol "TSM" and the NYSE-MKT under the symbol
"TAS". REE and tungsten demand is increasing, due to
the metals' unique properties that make them essential for high
technology and industry. Since over 80% of REE and tungsten
supply is sourced from China, the
European Commission promotes policy to develop domestic supply of
critical metals to ensure the security of industry. Tasman
receives research funding from the European Commission.
Tasman's exploration portfolio is uniquely placed, with the
capacity to deliver strategic metals from politically stable,
mining friendly jurisdictions with developed infrastructure and
skills. The Company's Norra Karr and Olserum projects in
Sweden are two of the most
significant known heavy REE resources in the world, enriched in
dysprosium, yttrium, terbium and neodymium. The Company is
now focused on the safe, sustainable and responsible development of
its Scandinavian mineral portfolio.
On behalf of the Board,
"Mark
Saxon"
Mark Saxon, President &
CEO
The TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider
(as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture
Exchange), the NYSE - MKT nor the Frankfurt Stock Exchange accepts
responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this news
release.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Mineral
Resources and Reserves. In this news release, the definition of
"mineral resources" is that used by the Canadian securities
administrators and conforms to the definition utilized by CIM in
the "CIM Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves – Definitions
and Guidelines" adopted on August 20, 2000 and amended
December 11, 2005.
The standards employed in estimating the mineral resources
referenced in this news release differ significantly from the
requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC") and the resource information reported
may not be comparable to similar information reported by
United States companies. The
term "resources" does not equate to "reserves" and
normally may not be included in documents filed with the SEC.
"Resources" are sometimes referred to as
"mineralization" or "mineral deposits." While
the terms "mineral resource", "measured mineral
resource", "indicated mineral resource" and "inferred
mineral resource" are recognized and required by Canadian
regulations, they are not defined terms under standards in
the United States and normally are
not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements
filed with the SEC. The terms "mineral reserve," "proven
mineral reserve" and "probable mineral reserve" are
Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with National
Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral
Projects ("NI 43-101") and the CIM - CIM Definition
Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the
CIM Council, as may be amended from time to time by the CIM. These
definitions differ from the definitions in the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission Industry Guide 7 ("SEC Industry Guide 7") under
the Securities Act of 1933. Under Canadian rules, estimates of
inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or
prefeasibility studies, except in rare cases. Disclosure of
"contained ounces" in a resource is permitted disclosure under
Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits
issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute
"reserves" by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without
reference to unit measures.
The estimation of measured, indicated and inferred mineral
resources involves greater uncertainty as to their existence and
economic feasibility than the estimation of proven and probable
reserves. U.S. investors are cautioned (i) not to assume that
measured or indicated resources will be converted into reserves and
(ii) not to assume that estimates of inferred mineral resources
exist, are economically or legally minable, or will be upgraded
into measured or indicated mineral resources. It cannot be
assumed that the Company will identify any viable mineral resources
on its properties or that any mineral reserves, if any, can be
recovered profitably, if at all. As such, information contained in
this news release and the documents incorporated by reference
herein concerning descriptions of mineralization and resources
under Canadian standards may not be comparable to similar
information made public by United
States companies in SEC filings.
Cautionary Statements. Certain statements found in this
release may constitute forward-looking statements as defined in the
U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Forward-looking statements reflect the speaker's current views with
respect to future events and financial performance and include any
statement that does not directly relate to a current or historical
fact. Such statements reflect the current risks, uncertainties and
assumptions related to certain factors including, without
limitations, competitive factors, general economic conditions,
customer relations, uncertainties related to the availability and
costs of financing, the completion of the Norra Karr PFS, the
interpretation and actual results of the Norra Karr PFS, changes in
corporate goals, unexpected expenditures, unexpected geological
conditions, success of future development initiatives, imprecision
in resource estimates, ability to obtain necessary permits and
approvals, relationships with vendors and strategic partners, the
interest rate environment, governmental regulation and supervision,
seasonality, technological change, changes in industry practices,
changes in world metal markets, changes in equity markets,
environmental and safety risks, and one-time events. Should
any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or
should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results
may vary materially from those described herein. Forward-looking
statements cannot be guaranteed and actual results may vary
materially due to the uncertainties and risks, known and unknown,
associated with such statements. Shareholders and other readers
should not place undue reliance on "forward-looking statements," as
such statements speak only as of the date of this release.
SOURCE Tasman Metals Ltd.