AS
FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MARCH 5, 2025
Registration
Statement No. 333-________
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549
FORM
S-8
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
TRIO
PETROLEUM CORP.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
|
|
87-1968201 |
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) |
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification No.) |
5401
Business Park South, Suite 115
Bakersfield,
CA |
|
93309 |
(Address
of Principal Executive Offices) |
|
(Zip
Code) |
Trio
Petroleum Corp. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as Amended by Amendment No. 1
Trio
Petroleum Corp. Non-Plan Based Shares
(Full
title of the plan)
Robin
Ross
Chief
Executive Officer
Trio
Petroleum Corp.
5401
Business Park South, Suite 115
Bakersfield,
CA 93309
(Name
and address of agent for service)
(661)
324-3911
(Telephone
number, including area code, of agent for service)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,”
“smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer ☐ |
Accelerated
filer ☐ |
Non-accelerated
filer ☒ |
Smaller
reporting company ☒ |
|
Emerging
growth company ☒ |
If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
EXPLANATORY
NOTE
Trio
Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) has prepared this registration statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”)
in accordance with the requirements of Form S-8 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), (i)
for the purpose of registering 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common
Stock”), available for issuance under the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), as amended by Amendment
No. 1 to increase the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance thereunder, which amendment was approved by the Company’s
stockholders on August 15, 2024 (the “Amended Plan”), and (ii) for the purpose of resale or reoffer thereof, 210,000
shares of Common Stock issued prior to the filing of this Registration Statement and held by the selling stockholders named herein in
connection with such selling stockholders’ provision of services to the Company.
Pursuant
to the Registration Statement (the “Prior Registration Statement”) on Form S-8 filed by the Company on May 4, 2023 (Registration
No. 333-271639), the Company previously registered an aggregate of 200,000 (on a post-Reverse Split (as hereinafter defined) basis)
shares of Common Stock. The additional shares of Common Stock being registered by this Registration Statement are of the same class
as those securities registered on the Prior Registration Statement and represent an increase in the total shares available for issuance
under the Plan by 300,000. Pursuant to General Instruction E to Form S-8, the registrant incorporates by reference into this Registration
Statement the contents of the Prior Registration Statement, including all exhibits filed therewith or incorporated therein by reference,
except as expressly modified herein.
On November 14, 2024, the Company effectuated
a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its Common Stock (the “Reverse Split”). The Common Stock began trading on the NYSE American
on a post-Reverse Split basis at the beginning of trading on November 15, 2024. Unless otherwise specifically provided, all share and
per share information presented herein reflects the Reverse Split.
This
Registration Statement contains two parts: Part I and Part II.
Part
I contains a “reoffer” prospectus prepared in accordance with Part I of Form S-3 (in accordance with Instruction C of the
General Instructions to Form S-8). The reoffer prospectus permits reoffers and resales of those shares referred to above that constitute
“restricted securities,” within the meaning of Form S-8, by the selling stockholders named herein. Certain information relating
to future issuances under the Plan is omitted from Part I, as further described below in the next paragraph and under the heading, “Item
1. Plan Information.”
Part
II contains information required to be set forth in the Registration Statement pursuant to Part II of Form S-8. Pursuant to the Note
to Part I of Form S-8, the Plan information specified by Part I of Form S-8 is not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
The
Company will provide, without charge, to any person, upon written or oral request of such person, a copy of each document incorporated
by reference in Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement (which documents are also incorporated by reference in the reoffer prospectus
as set forth in Form S-8), other than exhibits to such documents that are not specifically incorporated by reference.
Part
I
INFORMATION
REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS
Item
1. Plan Information
The
documents containing the information in Part I relating to the registrant’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”),
as amended by Amendment No. 1 (the “Amended Plan”), will be sent or given to participants in the Amended Plan as specified
by Rule 428(b)(1) promulgated under the Securities Act. In accordance with the instructions to Part I of Form S-8, such documents will
not be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as prospectuses or prospectus
supplements pursuant to Rule 424 promulgated under the Securities Act. These documents and the documents incorporated by reference pursuant
to Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, taken together, constitute the prospectus that meets the requirements of Section
10(a) of the Securities Act (the “Section 10(a) Prospectus”) in respect of future issuances under the Amended Plan.
Item
2. Registrant Information and Employee Plan Annual Information
Upon
written or oral request, any of the documents incorporated by reference in Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, which are
also incorporated by reference in the Section 10(a) Prospectus, other documents required to be delivered to eligible participants pursuant
to Rule 428(b) promulgated under the Securities Act, or additional information about the Amended Plan, will be made available without
charge by contacting our Corporate Secretary, c/o Trio Petroleum Corp., 5401 Business Park South, Suite 115, Bakersfield, CA 93309.
REOFFER
PROSPECTUS
210,000
SHARES
TRIO
PETROLEUM CORP.
COMMON
STOCK
This
prospectus relates to 210,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Trio Petroleum
Corp. (“Trio,” the “Company,” “TPET,” “we” or “our”) which may be offered
from time to time by the selling stockholders of the Company, named herein, for such stockholders’ own account. We will not receive
any proceeds from any sale of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus.
The
selling stockholders may offer and sell the Shares at various times and in various types of transactions, including sales in the open
market, sales in negotiated transactions and sales by a combination of these methods. The Shares may be sold at the market price of our
common stock at the time of a sale, at prices relating to the market price over a period of time, or at prices negotiated with the buyers
of shares. The Shares may be sold through underwriters or dealers which the selling stockholders may select. If underwriters or dealers
are used to sell the Shares, we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement. For a description of the various
methods by which the selling stockholders may offer and sell the Shares described in this prospectus, see the section entitled “Plan
of Distribution.”
Our
common stock is listed on quoted on the NYSE American under the symbol “TPET.” On March 3, 2025, the closing price
of our common stock was $1.38.
THE
SHARES BEING OFFERED ARE SPECULATIVE AND INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. THEY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY BY PERSONS WHO CAN AFFORD THE
LOSS OF THEIR ENTIRE INVESTMENT. SEE “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 15 OF THIS PROSPECTUS FOR A DISCUSSION OF INFORMATION
THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH AN INVESTMENT IN OUR SECURITIES.
NEITHER
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED
UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not, and the selling stockholders have not, authorized anyone
to provide you with different information from that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize.
The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of
this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer
to buy the securities in any circumstances under which the offer or solicitation is unlawful. Neither the delivery of this prospectus
nor any distribution of securities in accordance with this prospectus shall, under any circumstances, imply that there has been no change
in our affairs since the date of this prospectus.
The
date of this prospectus is March 5, 2025.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain
statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”). Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements represent our intentions,
plans, expectations and beliefs and are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our future results, financial condition,
results of operations and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many
of these statements by looking for words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,”
“estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “would,” “may” or other similar expressions
in this prospectus. Many of the factors that will determine these items are beyond our ability to control or predict. For a further discussion
of factors that could materially affect the outcome of our forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” herein and
other risk factors included in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
For
these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date
of this prospectus or the date of any document incorporated by reference. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements
attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained
or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements
to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.
THE
COMPANY
Overview
TPET
is a California-based oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with its principal executive
offices located at 5401 Business Park South, Suite 115, Bakersfield, California 93309, and with operations in Monterey County, California,
and Uintah County, Utah. The Company was incorporated on July 19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund, and operate oil
and gas exploration, development and production projects, initially focusing on one major asset in California, the South Salinas Project
(“South Salinas Project”).
We have had revenue-generating
operations since the McCool Ranch Oil Field was restarted on February 22, 2024, and as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, we
recorded approximately $200,000 in net revenues from our McCool Ranch Oil Field.
TPET
was formed to initially acquire from Trio Petroleum LLC (“Trio LLC”) an approximate 82.75% working interest, which was subsequently
increased to an approximate 85.775% working interest, in the large, approximately 9,300-acre South Salinas Project that is located in
Monterey County, California, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management team to develop and operate
those assets. TPET holds an approximate 68.62% interest after the application of royalties (“net revenue interest”) in the
South Salinas Project. Trio LLC holds an approximate 3.8% working interest in the South Salinas Project. TPET and Trio LLC are separate
and distinct companies.
California
is a significant part of TPET’s geographic focus and we recently acquired a 22% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field
(the “McCool Ranch Oil Field”, “McCool Ranch Field” or “McCool Ranch”) in Monterey County, California.
TPET’s interests extend beyond California, however, and we recently acquired an interest in the Asphalt Ridge Project in Uintah
County, Utah. We may acquire additional assets both inside and outside of California and Utah.
Trio
LLC is a licensed Operator in California and currently operates the South Salinas Project and the McCool Ranch Oil Field on behalf of
TPET and other working interest owners. Trio LLC operates these assets pursuant to joint operating agreements (“JOAs”) between
and among Trio LLC and the non-operating, third-party, working interest owners. The non-operating parties have agreed under the JOAs
to have the Operator explore and develop these assets for the production of oil and gas as provided thereunder. Trio LLC, as Operator,
generally conducts and has significant control of operations, subject to the limitations and constraints of the JOAs, and acts in the
capacity of an independent contractor. Operator is obligated to conduct its activities under the JOAs as a reasonable prudent operator,
in good workmanlike manner, with due diligence and dispatch, in accordance with good oilfield practices, and in compliance with applicable
laws and regulations.
For the fiscal year
ended October 31, 2024, we generated $213,204 of revenues, reported a net loss of $9,626,797 and net cash used in operating activities
of $3,840,744. For the year ended October 31, 2023, we generated no revenues, reported a net loss of $6,544,426 and net cash used in
operating activities of $4,036,834. As of October 31, 2023 and 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $10,446,882 and $20,073,679 respectively.
There is substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern as a result of our accumulated deficit and no source
of revenue sufficient to cover our cost of operation as well as our dependence on private equity and financings. See “Risk Factors-Risks
Relating to Our Business-We have a history of operating losses, our management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about
our ability to continue as a going concern and our auditor has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue
as a going concern in its audit report for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.”
Recent
Business Developments
Changes
to Company Management
Changes
were made in June 2024 to our management team, including the following: (i) Robin Ross, one of the original founders of the Company,
became our new Chairman and a Director; (ii) Stanford Eschner, our former Executive Chairman, became our Vice Chairman; and (iii) Frank
Ingriselli stepped down from his position as Vice Chairman and also from his position as a member of the Board of Directors. Additionally,
in July 2024, Michael Peterson resigned as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company and Robin Ross became our new CEO
as of that date. Further, effective as of October 11, 2024, James H. Blake was added as an additional Class II member of the Board of
Directors.
Effective
as of January 2, 2025, Terence B. Eschner’s position as President of the Company was terminated and Steven Rowlee’s position
as Chief Operating Officer was also terminated.
Changes
to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
On
May 6, 2024, the Company dismissed BF Borgers CPA PC (“Borgers”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting
firm, as a result of Borgers no longer being able to audit the Company’s financial statements, pursuant to an order by the SEC
against Borgers (the “SEC Order”). Effective May 8, 2024, the Company retained Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush
& Associates”) as its new independent registered public accounting firm. Also, pursuant to the requirements of the SEC Order,
Bush & Associates re-audited the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, which
financial statements were filed with Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on
June 13, 2024.
South
Salinas Project
Efforts
to obtain from Monterey County conditional use permits and a full field development permit for the South Salinas Project are progressing.
Efforts to obtain from the California Geologic Energy Management Division (“CalGEM”) and from the California Water Boards
a permit for a water disposal project at the South Salinas Project are also progressing. In the meantime, the Company recently determined
that existing permits allow production testing to continue at the HV-3A discovery well at Presidents Field and, consequently, testing
operations were restarted at this well on March 22, 2024. Oil production from this well has occurred with a generally favorable oil-water
ratio and the Company has idled operations currently pending an assessment of the viability of increasing the well’s gross production
rate, for example by adding up to 650 feet of additional perforations in the oil zone and/or acidizing the well for borehole cleanup.
First oil sales from the HV-3A well occurred in the third calendar quarter of 2024.
McCool
Ranch Oil Field
On
October 16, 2023, TPET entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio LLC (the “McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) pertaining
to the McCool Ranch Oil Field. Pursuant to this agreement, effective October 1, 2023, we acquired an approximate 22% working interest
in and to certain oil and gas assets at the McCool Ranch Field, which is located in Monterey, County, California, just seven miles from
our flagship South Salinas Project. The assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch
Field. The acquired property is a relatively new oil field (discovered in 2011) developed with six oil wells, one water-disposal well,
steam generator, boiler, three 5,000 barrel tanks, 250 barrel test tank, water softener, two freshwater tanks, two soft water tanks,
in-field steam pipelines, oil pipelines and other facilities. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production,
cyclic-steam injection and water disposal. We are acquiring the working interest at McCool Ranch through primarily work commitment expenditures
that are being allocated to restart production at the field and establish cash flow for us, with upside potential given the numerous
undrilled infill and development well locations. Oil production was restarted on February 22, 2024.
McCool
Ranch operations have been successfully restarted, including the restarting of oil production at the HH-1, 35X and 58X wells. The HH-1
well has a short horizontal completion in the Lombardi Oil Sand, whereas the 35X and 58X wells are both vertical wells with similar oil
columns in the Lombardi Oil Sand and with similar subsurface borehole completions. The HH-1 well at McCool Ranch upon restart was initially
producing about 47 BOPD.
The
HH-1 and 35X wells collectively have been producing about 10 to 15 BOPD. The 58X well is temporarily idle. Oil production at the HH-1
and 35X wells has been “cold” (i.e., without steam). Both wells have been temporarily idled pending further assessment to
place on steam during the first half of 2025.
The
aforementioned initial three wells at McCool Ranch were each restarted and produced “cold” (i.e. without steam injection),
which allows for lower operating costs, with expectation that each would be produced cold as long as profitable. The Company is assessing
the transition of each well from cold to cyclic-steam production, also known as “huff and puff,” which is expected
to significantly increase production. The wells at McCool Ranch historically have responded favorably when cyclic-steam operations have
been applied.
The
Company is assessing the viability of restarting the last two wells in the restart program, the HH-3 and HH-4 wells, in the first half
of 2025. The HH-3 and HH-4 wells will have horizontal completions similar to but longer than that of the HH-1 well. All water produced
from these wells will be disposed in the on-site water disposal well.
The
HH-1 well was initially produced cold for about 380 days in 2012-2013, during which time peak production was about 156 BOPD, average
production was about 35 BOPD and cumulative production was about 13,147 barrels of oil (“BO”). The 58X well was initially
produced cold for about 230 days in 2011-2013, during which time peak production was about 41 BOPD, average production was about 13 BOPD
and cumulative production was about 2,918 BO.
KLS
Petroleum Consulting LLC (“KLSP”), a third-party, independent engineering firm, recommends that McCool Ranch be developed
with horizontal wells, each landed in the Lombardi Oil Sand with a 1,000-foot lateral. Management estimates that TPET’s property
can probably accommodate approximately 22 additional such horizontal wells. TPET expects to add the reserve value of the McCool Ranch
Field to the Company’s reserve report after a further period of observation and review of the oil production that was restarted
on February 22, 2024.
Asphalt
Ridge Option Agreement
On
November 10, 2023, TPET entered into a Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement (the “Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement”)
with Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (“HSO”). Pursuant to the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement, the Company acquired an option to purchase
up to a 20% working interest in certain leases at a long-recognized, major oil accumulation in northeastern Utah, in Uintah County, southwest
of the city of Vernal, totaling 960 acres. HSO holds the right to such leases below 500 feet depth from surface and the Company acquired
the option to participate in HSO’s initial 960-acre drilling and production program (the “HSO Program”) on such leases
(the “Asphalt Ridge Leases”). TPET also holds the right of first refusal to participate with up to 20% working
interest on the greater approximate 30,000-acre leasehold at terms offered to other third-parties. On December 29, 2023, the Company
and HSO entered into an Amendment to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Agreement (the “Amendment to the Asphalt Ridge Option
Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company and HSO amended the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement to provide that, within three (3)
business days of the effective date of the Amendment to the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement, the Company would fund $200,000 of the $2,000,000
total purchase price in advance of HSO satisfying the closing conditions set forth in the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement, in exchange
for the Company receiving an immediate 2% interest in the Asphalt Ridge Leases, which advanced funds would be used solely for the building
of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development plan. In January 2024, the Company funded an additional $25,000
resulting in a 2.25% working interest in the Asphalt Ridge Leases.
The
Asphalt Ridge Project, according to J. Wallace Gwynn of Energy News, is estimated to be the largest measured tar sand resource in the
United States, and is unique given its low wax and negligible sulfur content, which is expected to make the oil produced very desirable
for many industries, including shipping.
Asphalt
Ridge is a prominent, northwest-southeast trending topographic feature (i.e., a dipping slope called a hog’s back or cuesta) that
crops-out along the northeast flank of the Uinta Basin. The outcrop is comprised largely of Tertiary and Cretaceous age sandstones that
are locally highly-saturated with heavy oil and/or tar. The oil-saturated sandstones extend into the shallow subsurface of the Uinta
Basin to the southwest, which is the site of the Asphalt Ridge Development Project, and where the sandstones are estimated in various
independent studies to contain billions of barrels of oil-in-place. The project leasehold comprises over 30,000 acres and trends northwest-southeast,
along the trend of Asphalt Ridge, over a distance of about 20 miles.
The
area has been underdeveloped for decades due, in large part, to lease ownership issues and the definition of heavy oil falling under
mining regulations in the State of Utah. These factors created conflict between surface rights and subsurface mineral rights and were
obstacles to developing the asset using proven advanced cyclic-steam production techniques. Necessary permits have now been secured that
should allow drilling to commence by our operating partner. HSO hopes to continue to work with the State of Utah to supplement prior
receipt of permits with other state incentives, including working with the State on an arrangement requiring only an 8% state royalty
in connection with this project.
An
early development phase contemplates the development of 240 acres with an estimated 119 wells in the Northwest Asphalt Ridge Area. The
plan is to develop the 240 acres using advanced cyclic-steam production techniques, including initial CO2 injection. This phase contemplates
seventeen 7-spot hexagonal well patterns on 2 ½ acre spacing (a 7-spot has a central steam/CO2 injection well that is surrounded
by six producing oil wells). Upgrades have been made to existing roads and well pads as part of this early development phase.
Two
oil-saturated Cretaceous sandstones are targeted for development at Asphalt Ridge: the Rimrock Sandstone and the underlying Asphalt Ridge
Sandstone. TPET expects to add the reserve value, if any, of the Asphalt Ridge Project to the Company’s reserve report after a
brief period of observation and review of the oil development operations that commenced in the second quarter of 2024.
During
the quarterly period ended April 30, 2024, we announced the commencement of drilling activities at Asphalt Ridge. The first well, HSO
8-4 (API# 4304757202), was spud on May 10, 2024 and drilled to a total depth of 1,020 feet. The well found 100 feet of Rimrock Sandstone
tar-sand pay zone with good oil saturation and good porosity. Thirty feet of the Rimrock was cored. A small, representative piece of
Rimrock core was placed in water and brought to boiling point, and within a few minutes the sand disaggregated and the bitumen became
liquid, mobile-oil, floating on top of the water – this simple laboratory test indicates that the bitumen becomes mobile-oil at
relatively low temperatures and supports our contention that oil extraction using subsurface thermal-recovery methods may be very successful.
A second well, the HSO 2-4 (API# 430475201), was spud on May 19, 2024 and drilled to a total depth of 1,390 feet. The well drilled through
both the Rimrock tar-sand, which had a thickness of 135 feet, and the Asphalt Ridge tar-sand, which had a thickness of 59 feet. Oil production
has commenced using downhole heaters, whereas the operator plans to transition to production using advanced cyclic-steam and steam-drive
methods.
The
Company has until April 10, 2025, to pay HSO an additional $1,775,000 to exercise an option for the remaining 17.75% working interest
in the initial 960 acres. If this option is not exercised on or before the deadline or any extension thereof, the option will expire
and the Company will forfeit any further right to acquire this additional 17.75% working interest in the initial 960 acres.
Carbon
Capture and Storage Project as part of Company’s South Salinas Project
TPET
is committed to attempting to reduce its own carbon footprint and, where possible, that of others. For this reason, TPET is taking initial
steps to launch a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project as part of the South Salinas Project. The South Salinas Project covers a vast
area and is uniquely situated at a deep depocenter where there are thick geologic zones (e.g., Vaqueros Sand, up to approximately 500’
thick), about two miles deep, which could potentially accommodate and permanently store vast volumes of CO2. Four existing deep wells
in the South Salinas Project (i.e., the HV 1-35, BM 2-2, BM 1-2-RD1 and HV 3-6 wells) are excellent candidates for use as CO2 injection
wells. A CCS project in the future may help reduce TPET’s carbon footprint by sequestering and permanently storing CO2 deep underground
at one or more deep wells, away from drinking water sources. Furthermore, three of the aforementioned deep wells are directly located
on three idle oil and gas pipelines that could be used to import CO2 to the Company’s CCS Project. TPET has opened discussions
with third parties who wish to reduce their own greenhouse gas emissions and who may be interested in participating in our CCS project.
TPET believes it feasible to develop the major oil and gas resources of the South Salinas Project and to concurrently establish a substantial
CCS project and potentially a CO2 storage hub and/or Direct Air Capture (DAC) hub.
Entry
into a Letter of Intent to Acquire Novacor Exploration Ltd. Oil and Gas Assets in Saskatchewan, Canada
On
December 18, 2024, TPET entered into a non-binding Letter of Intent (“LOI”) for the acquisition of a 100% working interest
in certain petroleum and natural gas assets held by Novacor Exploration Ltd. (“Novacor”), which are located in the prolific
Lloydminster, Saskatchewan heavy oil region (the “Proposed Novacor Acquisition”). The stated purchase price of the Proposed
Novacor Acquisition is CD$2 million (approximately US$1.4 million based on exchange rates on the date of the LOI) payable US$650,000
in cash and the remainder in shares of common stock of Trio, which TPET would agree to use its commercially reasonable efforts to register
for resale in a registration statement filed with the SEC. Upon execution of the LOI, the Company paid Novacor a good faith deposit of
$65,000, which will be applied to the cash portion of the purchase price at closing. Other than obligations of confidentiality and exclusivity
contained in the LOI, no other terms are binding until definitive acquisition documents are signed by the parties. The definitive acquisition
documents would likely contain customary representations and warranties of the parties and certain conditions to closing, including approval
of the Proposed Novacor Acquisition by the board of directors of each of Novacor and TPET, and a condition that TPET raises sufficient
financing to consummate the Proposed Novacor Acquisition. Unless extended by the mutual agreement of the parties, the LOI will terminate
on the earlier of (i) the mutual agreement of Novacor and TPET, (ii) the execution of definitive acquisition documents or (iii) on February
15, 2025, which date was extended to March 15, 2025, by an amendment to the LOI dated January 29, 2025.
Market
Opportunity
We
believe that we can establish oil and gas operations that have the potential to achieve profitability in California and Utah, where we
currently have projects, and elsewhere.
The
oil and gas industry is operationally challenging in California, where we have the South Salinas and McCool Ranch assets, due primarily
to regulatory issues and to efforts to facilitate an energy transition away from fossil fuels, but California nevertheless is a major
consumer of petroleum products, and TPET believes that it has the capacity to continue to operate in California and that the market for
oil and gas in California will remain strong for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, TPET is attempting to launch a Carbon Capture and
Storage Project as part of the South Salinas Project, consistent with efforts in California to reduce carbon footprint. The Company hopes
and expects TPET’s commitment to reduce carbon footprint through a Carbon Capture and Storage Project to be viewed favorably by
California regulatory bodies, perhaps helping to facilitate operations at the South Salinas Project and elsewhere.
The
oil and gas industry currently appears operationally favorable in Utah, where we have the Asphalt Ridge asset. TPET believes that the
overall operating environment and the market for oil and gas in Utah should remain favorable for the foreseeable future.
TPET’s
operations may help meet the USA’s demanding oil and gas needs that are expected to remain strong for the foreseeable future, while
supporting the country’s goal of energy independence, and supporting local and state economies with tax revenue and jobs. TPET’s
Carbon Capture and Storage Project may help reduce the Company’s and California’s carbon footprint.
Estimated
undeveloped reserves and cash flow
The
following table summarizes the Company’s estimated undeveloped reserves and cash flow at the South Salinas Project, as of April
30, 2024. The Company expects to have estimates of reserves and cash flow for the McCool Ranch Field and for the Asphalt Ridge Project,
after further observations of initial operations at those properties, which is expected by the second calendar quarter of 2025.
Table
1: Estimated Undeveloped Reserves and Cash Flow
A. |
Phase
1 Undeveloped Reserve Categories |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 1 |
|
|
2,017,620.0 |
|
|
|
2,133,250.0 |
|
|
|
2,373,161.7 |
|
|
$ |
107,374,250.00 |
|
|
$ |
33,698,230.00 |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 1 |
|
|
3,841,380.0 |
|
|
|
7,449,100.0 |
|
|
|
5,082,896.7 |
|
|
$ |
307,886,460.00 |
|
|
$ |
139,189,600.00 |
|
B. |
Phase
2 Undeveloped Reserve Categories |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 2 |
|
|
3,227,940.0 |
|
|
|
3,392,940.0 |
|
|
|
3,793,430.0 |
|
|
$ |
168,622,080.00 |
|
|
$ |
45,938,680.00 |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 2 |
|
|
6,759,630.0 |
|
|
|
11,735,140.0 |
|
|
|
8,715,486.7 |
|
|
$ |
527,635,330.00 |
|
|
$ |
210,766,130.00 |
|
C. |
Phase
3 (Full Development) Undeveloped Reserve Categories |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 3 |
|
|
34,940,100.0 |
|
|
|
36,918,030.0 |
|
|
|
41,093,105.0 |
|
|
|
1,837,183,060.0 |
|
|
|
394,874,030.0 |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 3 |
|
|
90,057,820.0 |
|
|
|
149,348,300.0 |
|
|
|
114,949,203.3 |
|
|
|
7,054,575,390.0 |
|
|
|
2,185,998,350.0 |
|
D. |
(P2)
Undeveloped Reserves for Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 1 |
|
|
2,017,620.0 |
|
|
|
2,133,250.0 |
|
|
|
2,373,161.7 |
|
|
$ |
107,374,250.00 |
|
|
$ |
33,698,230.00 |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 2 |
|
|
3,227,940.0 |
|
|
|
3,392,940.0 |
|
|
|
3,793,430.0 |
|
|
$ |
168,622,080.00 |
|
|
$ |
45,938,680.00 |
|
|
Probable
(P2) Undeveloped of Phase 3 |
|
|
34,940,100.0 |
|
|
|
36,918,030.0 |
|
|
|
41,093,105.0 |
|
|
$ |
1,837,183,060.00 |
|
|
$ |
394,874,030.00 |
|
|
Total
Probable (P2) Undeveloped of Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
|
40,185,660.0 |
|
|
|
42,444,220.0 |
|
|
|
47,259,696.7 |
|
|
$ |
2,113,179,390.00 |
|
|
$ |
474,510,940.00 |
|
E. |
(P3)
Undeveloped Reserves for Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 1 |
|
|
3,841,380.0 |
|
|
|
7,449,100.0 |
|
|
|
5,082,896.7 |
|
|
$ |
307,886,460.00 |
|
|
$ |
139,189,600.00 |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 2 |
|
|
6,759,630.0 |
|
|
|
11,735,140.0 |
|
|
|
8,715,486.7 |
|
|
$ |
527,635,330.00 |
|
|
$ |
210,766,130.00 |
|
|
Possible
(P3) Undeveloped of Phase 3 |
|
|
90,057,820.0 |
|
|
|
149,348,300.0 |
|
|
|
114,949,203.3 |
|
|
$ |
7,054,575,390.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,185,998,350.00 |
|
|
Total
Possible (P3) Undeveloped of Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
|
100,658,830.0 |
|
|
|
168,532,540.0 |
|
|
|
128,747,586.7 |
|
|
$ |
7,890,097,180.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,535,954,080.00 |
|
F. |
Undeveloped
Reserve Categories for Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Oil
Reserves
(Stock
Tank
Barrels) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Gas
Reserves
(1000
CF,
or
MCF) |
|
|
Net
Trio
Undeveloped
Reserves
(Barrels
Oil
Equivalent) |
|
|
Trio
Undiscounted
Net
Cash
Flow
($) |
|
|
Trio
Net
Cash
Flow
Discounted
at
10% ($) |
|
|
Total
Probable (P2) Undeveloped of Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
|
40,185,660.0 |
|
|
|
42,444,220.0 |
|
|
|
47,259,696.7 |
|
|
$ |
2,113,179,390.00 |
|
|
$ |
474,510,940.00 |
|
|
Total
Possible (P3) Undeveloped of Phases 1, 2 & 3 |
|
|
100,658,830.0 |
|
|
|
168,532,540.0 |
|
|
|
128,747,586.7 |
|
|
$ |
7,890,097,180.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,535,954,080.00 |
|
Reasonable
Expectations of Reserve Analyses
This
prospectus provides a summary of risks and detailed discussions of risks relating to our business and risks relating to our common
stock. The Company recognizes these risks as being real and substantial.
Nevertheless,
the Company has reasonable expectations that the Company’s South Salinas Project should prove to be economically viable
assets, that the Company should have adequate funding to develop these assets, that there should exist the legal
right to develop these assets, and that the Company should be able to establish long-term production and to deliver oil and
natural gas to markets, recognizing as discussed elsewhere hereunder that there are technical risks and that there
may be project delays and/or obstacles related to obtaining necessary permits from regulatory agencies and/or related to other matters.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there is no assurance that any of the foregoing expectations will be realized. Furthermore and more
specifically, the Company has a reasonable expectation that the primary governmental regulatory agencies that are currently and/or that
will be involved in the permitting processes, which agencies will primarily be CalGEM, State Water Boards and Monterey County, should
determine to approve the Company’s applications for permits for various reasons that are discussed elsewhere in this prospectus,
although there can be no assurance of our obtaining any of such approvals.
Additionally, TPET
does not yet have a final reserve report for the McCool Ranch Oil Field, but plans to add the reserve value of the McCool Ranch Field
to the Company’s reserve report after a brief period of observation and review of the oil production that was restarted on February
22, 2024. Nevertheless, TPET has reasonable expectations that the McCool Ranch Oil Field should prove to have economic reserves based,
in part, on an in-progress evaluation by KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC (“KLSP”), a third-party, independent engineering firm,
and based on various historical analyses by other independent third-party reservoir engineers, and based also on the experience of the
field operator Trio LLC. TPET has reasonable expectation that the McCool Ranch Oil Field should prove to have economic reserves, that
the Company should have adequate funding to develop the reserves, and that there should exist the legal right to develop the Company’s
reserves at McCool Ranch, including the rights to full-field development and to long-term production, rights to cyclic-steam operations
and water disposal and similar matters, recognizing as discussed elsewhere hereunder that there are technical risks and that there may
be project delays and/or obstacles related to obtaining necessary permits from regulatory agencies and/or related to other matters. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, there is no assurance that any of the foregoing expectations will be realized. Furthermore and more specifically, the
Company has a reasonable expectation that the primary governmental regulatory agencies that are currently and/or that will be involved
in the permitting processes, which agencies will primarily be CalGEM, State Water Boards and Monterey County, should determine to approve
the Company’s applications for permits for various reasons that are discussed elsewhere in this prospectus.
An initial two wells
were drilled at our Asphalt Ridge Project in the second calendar quarter of 2024, and both wells were completed across the encountered
tar sands and testing operations have commenced at both wells. TPET has not yet assigned reserves to the Asphalt Ridge Project. However,
TPET has reasonable expectations that reserves may be assigned to the Asphalt Ridge Project after a brief period of observation and review
of the oil development operations that are in progress at the aforementioned initial two wells, that the Company should have adequate
funding to develop the reserves, and that there should exist the legal right to develop the Company’s reserves in the Asphalt Ridge
Project, including the rights to full-field development and to long-term production, recognizing as discussed elsewhere hereunder that
there are technical risks and that there may be project delays and/or obstacles related to obtaining necessary permits from regulatory
agencies and/or related to other matters. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there is no assurance that any of the foregoing expectations
will be realized, including, without limitation, the ability to raise sufficient funds to exercise the option to acquire the additional
17.75% working interest in the Asphalt Ridge Leases on or before the expiration date of the option on April 10, 2025, or on or before
any extension thereof. TPET expects to add the reserve value, if any, of the Asphalt Ridge Project to the Company’s reserve report
after a brief period of observation and review of the oil development operations that commenced in the second calendar quarter of 2024.
For
additional information on risks and detailed discussions of risks, see
“Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We may face delays and/or obstacles in project development due to difficulties
in obtaining necessary permits from federal, state, county and/or local agencies, which may materially affect our business;” “Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We face substantial uncertainties in estimating the characteristics of our assets,
so you should not place undue reliance on any of our measures;” “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—The
drilling of wells is speculative, often involving significant costs that may be more than our estimates, and drilling may not result
in any discoveries or additions to our future production or future reserves, or it may result in disproving or diminishing our current
reserves; “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Seismic studies do not guarantee that oil or gas is present
or, if present, will produce in economic quantities;” and “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—We
are subject to numerous risks inherent to the exploration and production of oil and natural gas.”
Business
Strategies
Our
primary business strategies and objectives currently are to develop our existing assets at the South Salinas Project, McCool Ranch Oil
Field and Asphalt Ridge Project, and to acquire projects that generate immediate cash flow or offer transformative growth potential with
strategic investment. TPET’s current strategy and focus at the South Salinas Project is multifaceted and includes restarting oil
and gas production at the HV-3A discovery well at Presidents Field, securing approval from CalGEM and WaterBoards of a proposed short-term
water-disposal program that should significantly reduce lease operating costs, evaluating options for drilling the HV-2 and HV-4 wells,
evaluating options for accelerating the further testing of Humpback Field and particularly the Vaqueros Sand and the Monterey Formation
Blue-Zone reservoir objectives, launching a Carbon Capture and Storage Project, pursuing permits for full field development, and similar
matters. Efforts to obtain from Monterey County conditional use permits and a full field development permit for the South Salinas Project
are progressing. Efforts to obtain from the California Geologic Energy Management Division (“CalGEM”) and from the California
Water Boards a permit for a water disposal project at the South Salinas Project are also progressing. In the meantime, the Company recently
determined that existing permits allow production testing to continue at the HV-3A discovery well at Presidents Field and, consequently,
testing operations were restarted at this well on March 22, 2024. Oil production from this well has occurred with a generally favorable
oil-water ratio and the Company has idled operations currently pending an assessment of the viability of increasing the well’s
gross production rate, for example by adding up to 650 feet of additional perforations in the oil zone and/or acidizing the well for
borehole cleanup. First oil sales from the HV-3A well occurred in the third calendar quarter of 2024.
TPET’s
current strategy and focus at McCool Ranch is to optimize production at the recently restarted HH-1, 58X and 35X wells, to restart the
HH-3 and HH-4 wells, and subsequently to commence permitting and drilling new wells in the field. KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC (“KLSP”),
a third-party, independent engineering firm, recommends that McCool Ranch be developed with horizontal wells, each landed in the Lombardi
Oil Sand with a 1,000-foot lateral. Management estimates that TPET’s property can probably accommodate approximately 22 additional
such horizontal wells. TPET expects to add the reserve value of the McCool Ranch Field to the Company’s reserve report after a
further period of observation and review of the oil production that was restarted on February 22, 2024.
TPET’s
current strategy and focus at the Asphalt Ridge asset is to monitor the results of the new 2-4 and 8-4 wells and additional planned wells,
and to exercise the option to secure a full 20% working interest in the Asphalt Ridge Project; provided, however, that if we do not raise
sufficient funds prior to the expiration date of April 10, 2025, or any extension thereof, it is unlikely that we will be able to pay
the $1,775,000 required for exercise of the option for the remaining 17.75% working interest in the Asphalt Ridge Project and we would
continue to own our current 2.25% working interest. We believe this asset has potential to produce significant future revenues for the
Company. TPET expects to add the reserve value, if any, of the Asphalt Ridge Project to the Company’s reserve report after a further
period of observation and review of the oil production at the new wells, which is expected by the end of the second calendar quarter
of 2025.
TPET’s
primary strategies and objectives are focused on growing the Company into a highly profitable, independent oil and gas company.
Trio
LLC’s Services as an Operator in California
Trio
LLC is a licensed Operator in California and currently operates the South Salinas Project and the McCool Ranch Oil Field on behalf of
TPET and other working interest owners. Trio LLC operates these assets pursuant to joint operating agreements (“JOAs”) between
and among Trio LLC and the non-operating, third-party, working interest owners. The non-operating parties have agreed under the JOAs
to have the Operator explore and develop these assets for the production of oil and gas as provided thereunder. Trio LLC, as Operator,
generally conducts and has significant control of operations, subject to the limitations and constraints of the JOAs, and acts in the
capacity of an independent contractor. Operator is obligated to conduct its activities under the JOAs as a reasonable prudent operator,
in good workmanlike manner, with due diligence and dispatch, in accordance with good oilfield practices, and in compliance with applicable
laws and regulations.
TPET
holds an approximate 85.775% working interest and Trio LLC an approximate 3.8% working interest in the South Salinas Project. TPET and
Trio LLC each hold an approximate 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field. TPET and Trio LLC are separate and distinct
companies.
Trio
LLC has significant prior experience in oil and gas operations, exploration and production in California and an experienced management
team. Some of the members of Trio LLC’s management team are also senior executives of the Company.
Our
Growth Strategy
TPET’s
goal is the building and growing of a substantial independent oil and gas company by developing and/or producing the South Salinas Project,
McCool Ranch Oil Field and Asphalt Ridge Asset (as may be limited by our ability to exercise the option for the remaining 17.75% working
interests in the Asphalt Ridge Leases), and by acquiring and developing other oil and gas assets. Since our initial public offering,
we have added working interests in the McCool Ranch Oil Field and the Asphalt Ridge Project to our asset portfolio, growing from one
project to three projects. Additionally, the Company is evaluating other oil and gas projects that are candidates for acquisition. Our
primary business strategies and objectives currently are to develop our existing assets at the South Salinas Project, McCool Ranch Oil
Field and Asphalt Ridge Project, and to acquire projects that generate immediate cash flow or offer transformative growth potential with
strategic investment.
Competition
There
are many large, medium, and small-sized oil and gas companies and third-parties that are our competitors. Many of these competitors have
extensive operational histories, experienced oil and gas industry management, profitable operations, and significant reserves and funding
resources. Our efforts to acquire additional oil/gas properties in California and elsewhere may be met with competition.
Government
Regulation
We
are subject to a number of federal, state, county and local laws, regulations and other requirements relating to oil and natural gas
operations. The laws and regulations that affect the oil and natural gas industry are under constant review for amendment or expansion.
Some of these laws, regulations and requirements result in challenges, delays and/or obstacles in obtaining permits, and some carry substantial
penalties for failure to comply. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business, can
affect and even obstruct our operations and, consequently, can affect our profitability. These burdens include regulations relating to
transportation of oil and gas, drilling and production and other regulatory matters.
Recent
Loan and Financings
March
2024 Debt Financing
The
Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 27, 2024 (the “March 2024 SPA”) with an institutional investor
(the “March 2024 Investor”), which March 2024 Investor signed and funded on April 5, 2024, and pursuant to which the Company
raised gross proceeds of $184,500 and received net proceeds of $164,500, after payment of offering expenses (the “March 2024 Debt
Financing”). The March 2024 SPA contains certain representations and warranties by the March 2024 Investor and the Company and
customary closing conditions.
In
connection with the March 2024 Debt Financing, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the March 2024 Investor, dated March
27, 2024, in the principal amount of $211,500, having an original issue discount of $27,000 or approximately 13% (the “March 2024
Investor Note”). Interest accrues on the March 2024 Investor Note at a rate of 12% per annum and the maturity date of the March
2024 Investor Note is January 30, 2025 (the “March 2024 Investor Note Maturity Date”). The March 2024 Investor Note provides
for five payments of principal and accrued interest which are payable: (i) $118,440 on September 30, 2024; (ii) $29,610 on October 30,
2024; (iii) $29,610 on November 30, 2024; (iv) $29,610 on December 30, 2024; and (v) $29,610 on January 30, 2025. The Company may prepay
the March 2024 Investor Note, in full and not in part, any time during the 180 day period after the issuance date of the March 2024 Investor
Note at a 3% discount to the outstanding amount of principal and interest due and payable; provided, that in the event of a prepayment,
the Company will still be required to pay the full amount of interest that would have been payable through the term of the March 2024
Investor Note, in the amount of $25,380. The March 2024 Investor Note contains provisions constituting an Event of Default (as such term
is defined in the March 2024 Investor Note) and, upon an Event of Default, the March 2024 Investor Note will be accelerated and become
due and payable in an amount equal to 150% of all amounts due and payable under the March 2024 Investor Note with interest at a default
rate of 22% per annum. In addition, upon an Event of Default, the March 2024 Investor has the right to convert all or any outstanding
amount of the March 2024 Investor Note into shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price equal to the greater of
(i) 75% of the Market Price (as such term is defined in the March 2024 Investor Note) or (ii) the conversion floor price, which is $0.07117
(the “Floor Price”); provided, however, that the Floor Price shall not apply after October 5, 2024, and thereafter, the conversion
price will be 75% of the Market Price. Issuance of shares of common stock to the March 2024 Investor is subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations and not more than 19.99% of the shares of common stock outstanding on March 29, 2024 may be issued upon conversion
of the March 2024 Investor Note. The conversion price is also subject to certain adjustments or other terms in the event of (i) mergers,
consolidations or recapitalization events or (ii) certain distributions made to holders of shares of common stock.
The March 2024 Investor Note was repaid, in full,
as of January 30, 2025.
Loan
from Former Chief Executive Officer
On
March 26, 2024, our former Chief Executive Officer, Michael L. Peterson, who then served as a consultant to the Company, until October
11, 2024, made a loan to us in the principal amount of $125,000 (the “Peterson Loan”). The Company repaid the entire outstanding
principal balance of the Peterson Loan and all accrued interest thereon on November 26, 2024.
April
2024 Financing
On April 16, 2024,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Initial April 2024 SPA”) with an institutional investor (the
“Initial April 2024 Investor”). Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Initial April 2024 SPA, the Initial April 2024
Investor provided financing to the Company for gross proceeds in the amount of $360,000 resulting in net proceeds to the Company, after
offering expenses, of $310,000 (the “Initial April 2024 Financing”). The Company also issued to the Initial April 2024 Investor
37,500 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, as and for a commitment fee in connection with the Initial April 2024 Financing
(the “Commitment Shares”). In connection with the Initial April 2024 Financing, the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible
Promissory Note to the Initial April 2024 Investor in the principal amount of $400,000, having an original issue discount of $40,000,
or 10% (the “Initial Investor April 2024 Note”).
To secure the obligations
of the Company to repay the Initial April 2024 Investor Note, the Company and the Initial April 2024 Investor entered into a Security
Agreement, dated April 16, 2024 (the “Initial April 2024 Security Agreement”).
On April 24, 2024,
the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement (the “A&R April 2024 SPA”), amending and
restating the Initial April 2024 SPA, in its entirety, and amending the Initial April 2024 Financing by adding an additional institutional
investor (the “Additional April 2024 Investor” and collectively with the Initial April 2024 Investor, the “April 2024
Investors”). Pursuant to the terms of the A&R April 2024 SPA, the Additional April 2024 Investor provided financing to the
Company, on the same terms as provided by the April 2024 Initial Investor, for gross proceeds in the amount of $360,000 resulting in
net proceeds to the Company, after offering expenses, of $328,000 for total net proceeds to the Company of $638,000 (the “April
2024 Financing”). As a result of the financing provided by the Additional April 2024 Investor, April 2024 Investor Notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $800,000 are outstanding and mature on August 16, 2024. The April 2024 Investor Notes provide for mandatory
prepayment, in full, if the Company raises gross proceeds of not less than $1,000,000, in one or a series of related transactions, at
any time that the April 2024 Investor Notes are outstanding.
The Company also issued
to the Additional April 2024 Investor 37,500 Commitment Shares, as and for a commitment fee in connection with the April 2024 Financing,
so that after such issuance the Company had issued an aggregate of 1,500,000 Commitment Shares to the April 2024 Investors.
In connection with the Amended April 2024 Financing,
the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note to the Additional April 2024 Investor in the principal amount of $400,000,
having an original issue discount of $40,000, or 10% (the “Additional April 2024 Investor Note”) and otherwise on substantially
the same terms as the Initial Investor April 2024 Investor Note. The Company also issued to the Initial April 2024 Investor an Amended
and Restated Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note, amending and replacing the Initial Investor April 2024 Note (the “A&R
Initial Investor April 2024 Note” and collectively with the Additional April 2024 Investor Note, the “April 2024 Investor
Notes”). The April 2024 Investor Notes are each convertible into shares of common stock (“Conversion Shares”) at an
initial per share conversion price of $5.00, subject to certain adjustments. Pursuant to the provisions of the A&R April 2024 SPA,
the Company granted to the April 2024 Investors certain “piggy-back registration rights” for the registration for resale
of the Commitment Shares and the Conversion Shares. Additionally, for a period beginning on April 16, 2024 and terminating 18 months
after the later of (i) August 16, 2024 or the full repayment of the April 2024 Investor Notes, the Company provided the April 2024 Initial
Investors with a joint right to participate in future financings in an aggregate amount up to 100% of any debt financing and up to 45%
of any other type of financing. Further, the Company is prohibited from entering into any variable rate transactions for as long as the
April 2024 Initial Investors hold any of the Commitment Shares; provided, however, that the Company is permitted to enter into At-the-Market
offerings with a nationally recognized broker-dealer.
As a result of the
Amended April 2024 Financing, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Security Agreement, dated April 24, 2024, with the April
2024 Investors (the “A&R April 2024 Security Agreement”), amending and restating the Initial April 2024 Security Agreement,
in its entirety, and adding the Additional April 2024 Investor as a secured party. Under the terms of the A&R April 2024 Security
Agreement, the Company has granted
to the April 2024 Investors a senior security interest in and to substantially all of the Company’s assets and properties.
The
Company entered into two amendments the April 2024 Investor Notes extending the maturity date of the April 2024 Note through October
16, 2024, changing the conversion price to a formula based on a five-day average of the closing price of the Company’s common stock
on the NYSE American and adding a floor conversion price of $3.00 per share. As of the date of this prospectus, the April 2024 Investor
Notes have been fully converted and are no longer outstanding.
The April 2024 Investor Notes were repaid, in
full, as October 18, 2024, and the security interest securing payment of the April 2024 Investor Notes was also terminated.
June
2024 Convertible Debt Financing
On June 27, 2024, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement (the “June 2024 SPA”) with the same April 2024 Investors (the “June 2024 Investors”).
Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the June 2024 SPA, each June 2024 Investor provided financing of $360,000 to the Company (net
of a 10% original issuance discount as described below) in the form of the June 2024 Notes (as defined below) for aggregate gross proceeds
in the amount of $720,000 (the “June 2024 Financing”). In consideration of the June 2024 Investors’ funding under the
June 2024 SPA, on June 27, 2024, the Company issued and sold to each June 2024 Investor: (A) a Senior Secured 10% Original Issue Discount
Convertible Promissory Note in the aggregate principal amount of $400,000 (the “June 2024 Notes”) and (B) a warrant to purchase
37,230 shares (the “June 2024 Warrant Shares”) of the company’s common stock, at an initial exercise price of $7.905
per share of common stock, subject to certain adjustments (the “June 2024 Warrants”).
The June 2024 Notes
are initially convertible into shares of common stock (the “June 2024 Conversion Shares”) at a conversion price of $7.90500
per share, subject to certain adjustments (the “June 2024 Notes Conversion Price”), provided that the June 2024 Conversion
Price shall not be reduced below $2.40 (the “June 2024 Floor Price”), and provided further that, subject to the applicable
rules of the NYSE American, the Company may lower the June 2024 Floor Price at any time upon written notice to the June 2024 Investors.
The June 2024 Notes do not bear any interest, except in the case of an Event of Default (as such term is defined in the June 2024 Notes),
and the June 2024 Notes mature on June 27, 2025. Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, interest shall accrue on the June 2024
Notes at a rate equal to 10% per annum or, if less, the highest amount permitted by law.
Pursuant to the provisions
of the June 2024 SPA, for a period beginning on June 27, 2024 and terminating 18 months of the anniversary of the June 2024 SPA, the
Company provided the June 2024 Investors with the right to participate in future financings in an amount up to 100% of any debt financing
and up to 45% of any other type of financing. Each June 2024 Investor has the right to participate in future financing based upon such
June 2024 Investor’s pro rata portion of the aggregate original principal amount of such June 2024 Investor’s Note purchased
under the June 2024 SPA. Further, the Company is prohibited from entering into any “variable rate transactions” until such
time no June 2024 Investor holds any of the June 2024 Notes, provided, however, that the Company is permitted (i) to enter into At-the-Market
offerings with a nationally recognized broker-dealer or to (ii) enter into a variable rate transaction with either of the June 2024 Investors.
Commencing on the 90th
day following the original issue date of the June 2024 Notes, the Company is required to pay to the June 2024 Investors
the outstanding principal balance under the June 2024 Notes in monthly installments, on such date and each one (1) month anniversary
thereof, in an amount equal to 103% of the total principal amount under the June 2024 Notes multiplied by the quotient determined by
dividing one by the number of months remaining until the maturity date of the June 2024 Notes, until the outstanding principal amount
under the June 2024 Notes has been paid in full or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the June 2024 Notes in
accordance with their terms. All monthly payments are payable by the Company in cash, provided that under certain circumstances, as provided
in the June 2024 Notes, the Company may elect to pay in shares of common stock.
The Company may repay
all or any portion of the outstanding principal amount of the June 2024 Notes, subject to a 5% pre-payment premium; provided that (i)
the Equity Conditions (as such term is defined in the June 2024 Notes) are then met, (ii) the closing price of the common stock on the
trading day prior to the date that a prepayment notice is provided by the Company is not below the then June 2024 Conversion Price, and
(iii) a resale registration statement registering June 2024 Conversion Shares and June Financing Warrant Shares has been declared effective
by SEC. If the Company elects to prepay the June 2024 Notes, the June 2024 Investors have the right to convert all of the principal amount
of the June 2024 Notes at the applicable June 2024 Conversion Price into June 2024 Conversion Shares.
Further, if the Company
directly or indirectly receives proceeds from and closes any kind of financing including through the issuance of any equity or debt securities,
generating, in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, gross proceeds of not less than $1,000,000, the June 2024 Investors
may request a prepayment of all or any portion of the principal amount of the June 2024 Notes and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon
(if any) from the proceeds received by the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if all or a portion of the proceeds of any such financing
closed after the issue date of the June 2024 Notes and prior to the closing of a public offering of the Company’s securities are
to be used to fund the $1,775,000 payable by the Company for the Lafayette Energy/Heavy Sweet Oil option to obtain an additional 17.75%
working interest in the Utah Asphalt Ridge project, then only net proceeds in excess of the $1,775,000 payable for such option may be
applied to any prepayment of the June 2024 Notes.
In connection with the June 2024 SPA, on June
27, 2024, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the June 2024 Investors pursuant to which the Company is required
to, within 30 days after the closing date of the June 2024 Financing, file with the SEC a registration statement to register the June
2024 Conversion Shares and the June Financing Warrant Shares and to cause such resale registration statement to be effective within 60
days after the applicable filing date. In addition, in connection with the June 2024 SPA and in the event the transactions contemplated
under the June 2024 SPA would require to comply with the applicable NYSE/NYSE American Rules requiring stockholder approval for the Company’s
issuance of shares of common stock in excess of 20% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on the date thereof, the Company
agreed to enter into voting agreements with certain Company stockholders, directors and officers, pursuant to which, each stockholder
party thereto will agree to vote its shares of common stock to approve the issuance of the securities under the June 2024 SPA.
To secure the obligations of the Company to
repay the June 2024 Notes, the Company has granted to the June 2024 Investors a senior security interest in and to all of the Company’s
assets and properties, subject to certain exceptions, as set forth in that certain Security Agreement, dated June 27, 2024, between the
Company and the June 2024 Investors.
On September 16, 2024, the Company amended the
conversion price applicable to the June 2024 Notes to a formula based on a five-day average of the closing price of the Company’s
common stock on the NYSE American, provided that such conversion price is not less than the Floor Conversion Price of $2.40 per share.
The June 2024 Notes were repaid, in full, on January
7, 2025, and the security interest securing payment of the June 2024 Notes was also terminated.
August
2024 Debt Financing
August
1, 2024 Financing
The
Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 1, 2024 (the “August 1st SPA”) with the “March
2024 Investor”, pursuant to which the March 2024 Investor provided additional debt financing to the Company, and pursuant to which
the Company raised gross proceeds of $134,000 and received net proceeds of $110,625, after payment of offering expenses (the “August
1st Debt Financing”). The August 1st SPA contains certain representations and warranties by the March 2024
Investor and the Company and customary closing conditions.
In
connection with the August 1st Debt Financing, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the March 2024 Investor,
dated August 1, 2024, in the principal amount of $152,000, having an original issue discount of $18,000 or approximately 11.8% (the “August
1st Investor Note”). Interest accrues on the August 1st Investor Note at a rate of 12% per annum and the
maturity date of the August 1st Investor Note is May 30, 2025. The August 1st Investor Note provides for five payments
of principal and accrued interest which are payable: (i) $85,120 on January 30, 2025; (ii) $21,280 on February 28, 2025; (iii) $21,280
on March 30, 2025; (iv) $21,280 on April 30, 2025; and (v) $21,280 on May 30, 2025 for a total of $170,240. The Company, subject to certain
limitations, may prepay the August 1st Investor Note, in full and not in part, any time during the 180 day period after the
issuance date of the August 1st Investor Note at a 3% discount to the outstanding amount of principal and interest due and
payable; provided, that in the event of a prepayment, the Company will still be required to pay the full amount of interest that would
have been payable through the term of the August 1st Investor Note, in the amount of $18,240. The remaining terms of the August
1st Investor Note are the same at the March 2024 Investor Note, except that the floor price is $0.18.
As of October 31, 2024, the balance of the August
1, 2024 Financing was $128,588, with noncash interest expense recognized for the amortization of debt discounts of $17,963 for the year
ended October 31, 2024.
In January and February 2025, the Company made
cash payments of $85,120 and $21,280, respectively, towards the August 1st Investor Note, and as of February 24, 2025, the
balance of the August 1, 2024 Financing was $40,349.
August
6, 2024 Financing
The
Company executed a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 6, 2024 (the “August 6th SPA”) with a new institutional
investor (the “August 2024 Investor”), pursuant to which the August 2024 Investor provided debt financing to the Company,
and pursuant to which the Company raised gross proceeds of $225,000 and received net proceeds of $199,250, after payment of offering
expenses (the “August 6th Debt Financing”). The August 6th SPA contains certain representations and
warranties by the August 2024 Investor and the Company and customary closing conditions.
In
connection with the August 6th Debt Financing, the Company issued an unsecured promissory note to the August 2024 Investor,
dated August 6, 2024, in the principal amount of $255,225, having an original issue discount of $30,225 or approximately 11.8% (the “August
6th Investor Note”). Interest accrues on the August 6th Investor Note at a rate of 12% per annum and the
maturity date of the August 6th Investor Note is May 30, 2025. The August 6th Investor Note provides for five payments
of principal and accrued interest which are payable: (i) $142,926 on January 30, 2025; (ii) $35,731 on February 28, 2025; (iii) $35,731
on March 30, 2025; (iv) 35,731 on April 30, 2025; and (v) $35,731 on May 30, 2025. The Company, subject to certain limitations, may prepay
the August 6th Investor Note, in full and not in part, any time during the 180 day period after the issuance date of the August
6th Investor Note at a 3% discount to the outstanding amount of principal and interest due and payable; provided, that in
the event of a prepayment, the Company will still be required to pay the full amount of interest that would have been payable through
the term of the August 6th Investor Note, in the amount of $30,627. The remaining terms of the August 6th Investor
Note are the same at the August 1st Investor Note.
Employees
As
of March 5, 2025, we had one employee, who is located in Canada.
Real
Property
Other
than our interest in the South Salinas Project described herein, we do not own any real property.
Legal
Proceedings
There
are no pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or in which any director, officer or affiliate of ours, any owner of record
or beneficially of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, or security holder is a party adverse to us or has a material
interest adverse to us.
Corporate
Information
Our
principal executive offices are located at 5401 Business Park South, Suite 115, Bakersfield, CA 93309, and our telephone number is (661)
324-3911.
RISK
FACTORS
Our
future operating results could differ materially from the results described in our SEC filings due to the risks and uncertainties described
below. You should consider carefully the following information about risks in evaluating our business. If any of the following risks
actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely
affected. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business
operations in these circumstances, the market price of our securities would likely decline. In addition, we cannot assure investors that
our assumptions and expectations will prove to be correct. Important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from
those indicated or implied by forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”
for a discussion of some of the forward-looking statements that are qualified by these risk factors. Factors that could cause or contribute
to such differences include those factors discussed below.
Summary
of Risk Factors
Investing
in our common stock involves risks. In addition, our business and operations are subject to a number of risks, which you should be aware
of prior to making a decision to invest in our common stock. These risks are discussed more fully in this “Risk Factors”
section. Below is a summary of these risks.
Risks
Relating to Our Business
● |
We
have a history of operating losses, our management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue
as a going concern and our auditor has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in
its audit report for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023. |
● |
We
may face delays and/or obstacles in project development due to difficulties in obtaining necessary permits from federal, state, county
and/or local agencies, which may materially affect our business. |
● |
Due
to our contractor model for drilling operations, we will be vulnerable to any inability to engage one or more drilling rigs and associated
drilling personnel. |
● |
If
we fail to raise sufficient funds prior to April 10, 2025, to exercise our option to acquire up to an additional 17.75% working interest
in an initial 960 acres of the Asphalt Ridge Leases, we could lose significant opportunity to participate with a greater working
interest in the expected development of a substantial number of additional wells in such 960 acres, which could result in substantially
less revenues receivable by us. |
● |
We
have faced, and may in the future face, conflicts of interest in negotiations with related parties, including in negotiations with
Lafayette Energy Corp. and/or Trio LLC, entities which certain of our employees, officers and directors
serve as employees, officers or directors, for example concerning assets where TPET and one of these entities have interests. |
● |
We
are operating in a highly capital-intensive industry, and any sales of produced oil and gas may be insufficient to fund, sustain,
or expand revenue-generating operations. |
● |
We
face substantial uncertainties in estimating the characteristics of our assets, so you should not place undue reliance on any of
our measures. |
● |
There
are uncertainties and risks in the drilling
of wells, often involving significant costs that may be more than our estimates, and drilling may not result in any
discoveries or additions to our future production or future reserves, or it may result in disproving or diminishing our current reserves. |
● |
We
have been an exploration stage entity and our future performance is uncertain. |
● |
We
are dependent on certain members of our management and technical team. |
● |
Seismic
studies do not guarantee that oil or gas is present or, if present, will produce in economic quantities. |
● |
The
potential lack of availability of, or cost of, drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, personnel, and crude oil field services could
adversely affect our ability to execute on a timely basis exploration and development plans within any budget. |
● |
Our
business plan requires substantial additional capital, which we may be unable to raise on acceptable terms in the future, which may
in turn limit our ability to develop our exploration, appraisal, development and production activities. |
● |
A
substantial or extended decline in global and/or local oil and/or natural gas prices may adversely affect our business, financial
condition and results of operations. |
● |
Unless
we replace our petroleum reserves, our reserves and production will decline over time. Our business is dependent on the successful
development of our various current petroleum assets and projects and/or on continued successful identification and exploitation of
other petroleum assets and prospects, whereas the identified locations in which we drill in the future may not yield oil or natural
gas in commercial quantities. |
● |
Our
inability to access appropriate equipment and infrastructure in a timely manner may hinder our access to oil and natural gas markets
or delay our future oil and natural gas production. |
● |
We
are subject to numerous risks inherent to the exploration and production of oil and natural gas. |
● |
We
are subject to drilling and other operational environmental hazards. |
● |
The
development schedule of oil and natural gas projects, including the availability and cost of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies,
personnel and oilfield services, is subject to delays and cost overruns. |
● |
Participants
in the oil and gas industry are subject to numerous laws that can affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business. |
● |
We
and our operations are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety regulations which may result in material liabilities
and costs. |
● |
Our
operations may be dependent on sources of electricity and/or natural gas that may be unreliable or costly. |
● |
We
expect continued and increasing attention to climate change and energy transition issues and associated regulations to constrain
and impede the oil/gas industry. |
● |
We
may incur substantial losses and become subject to liability claims as a result of future oil and natural gas operations, for which
we may not have adequate insurance coverage. |
● |
We
may be subject to risks in connection with acquisitions and the integration of significant acquisitions may be difficult. |
● |
If
we fail to realize the anticipated benefits of a significant acquisition, our results of operations may be adversely affected. |
● |
The
requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, result in more litigation and divert management’s attention. |
● |
We
are subject to the examination of our tax returns and other tax matters by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, states in which we
conduct business, and other tax authorities. If our effective tax rates were to increase, or if the ultimate determination of our
taxes owed is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our financial condition, operating results and cash flows could
be materially adversely affected. |
● |
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and
exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability
to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees. |
● |
Our
business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by inflationary pressures. |
Risks
Relating to Our Common Stock
● |
There
can be no assurance that an active and liquid trading market for our common stock will continue or that we will be able to continue
to comply with the NYSE American’s continued listing standards. |
● |
Our
share price may be volatile, and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses. |
● |
A substantial portion of our
total issued and outstanding shares may be sold into the market at any time. This could cause the market price of our common stock
to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well. |
● |
The
concentration of our share capital ownership among our largest stockholders, and their affiliates, will limit your ability
to influence corporate matters. |
● |
Our
common stock may be subject to the “penny stock” rules in the future. It may be more difficult to resell securities classified
as “penny stock.” |
● |
Certain
of our executive officers and directors have significant duties with, and spend significant time serving, entities that may compete
with us in seeking acquisitions and business opportunities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating time or
pursuing business opportunities. |
● |
For
as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those
relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies. |
● |
We
do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment
is if the price of our shares appreciates. |
Implications
of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company
We
qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”).
As an “emerging growth company” we may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to
public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
● |
the
option to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related “Management’s Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus; |
● |
not
being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the
“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”); |
● |
not
being required to comply with any requirements that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory
audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial
statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis); |
● |
reduced
disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and |
● |
exemptions
from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute
payments not previously approved. |
Risks
Relating to Our Business
We
have a history of operating losses, our management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as
a going concern and our auditor has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its audit
report for the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023.
For
the year ended October 31, 2024, we generated revenues of $213,204, reported a net loss of $9,626,797 and cash flows used in operating
activities of $3,840,744. For the year ended October 31, 2023, we generated no revenues, reported a net loss of $6,544,426, and cash
flows used in operating activities of $4,036,834. As of October 31, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $20,073,679. Our management
has concluded that our accumulated deficit and limited source of revenue sufficient to cover our cost of operation as well as our dependence
on private equity and other financings raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and our auditor has
included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its audit report for the years ended October
31, 2024 and 2023.
Our
financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. These adjustments would likely
include substantial impairment of the carrying amount of our assets and potential contingent liabilities that may arise if we are unable
to fulfill various operational commitments. In addition, the value of our securities, would be greatly impaired. Our ability to continue
as a going concern is dependent upon generating sufficient cash flow from operations and obtaining additional capital and financing.
If our ability to generate cash flow from operations is delayed or reduced and we are unable to raise additional funding from other sources,
we may be unable to continue in business.
We
may face delays and/or obstacles in project development due to difficulties in obtaining necessary permits from federal, state, county
and/or local agencies, which may materially affect our business.
We
are subject to a number of federal, state, county and local laws, regulations and other requirements relating to oil and natural gas
operations. The laws and regulations that affect the oil and natural gas industry are under constant review for amendment or expansion.
Some of these laws, regulations and requirements result in challenges, delays and/or obstacles in obtaining permits, and some carry substantial
penalties for failure to comply. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business, can
affect and even obstruct our operations and, consequently, can affect our profitability.
Various
permits for exploratory drilling and production-testing are in-hand for the South Salinas Project, whereas permits for long-term production,
conditional use permits, water disposal and other matters have not yet been obtained. There are challenges and uncertainties in obtaining
permits, which may result in delays and/or obstacles to developing our oil/gas assets. California and Colorado are two States that are
considered to have challenging regulatory environments and Monterey County in California also has this reputation. We may experience
delays and/or obstacles to exploiting our assets, and also may be required to make large expenditures to comply with governmental laws
and regulations and to obtain permits.
The
Company currently has permits from Monterey County for the HV-1, HV-2, HV-3A and HV-4 wells, permitting each of these wells to be tested
by producing it for its own 18 month period with the Company selling the produced oil and/or gas, and disposing of produced water from
these wells by trucking it offsite to a licensed water-disposal facility and, if necessary, flaring on-site any natural gas that is not
used on-site in field operations. The Company is currently seeking a permit from CalGEM and State Water Boards to dispose of produced
water at the Project.
The
Company is seeking and/or expects to seek from regulatory agencies any and all additional permits as may be necessary, which may include
but not be limited to conditional use permits, drilling permits, permits for full-field development, permits for long-term production,
permits for additional water disposal wells, permits for transport of oil and gas via pipelines, and such similar permits as are customarily
required in oil and gas exploration and development projects. Delays and/or obstacles in obtaining necessary permits may materially affect
our business, for example:
● |
it
will not be possible to produce the HV-1, HV-2, HV-3A and HV-4 wells after their individual eighteen-month production-test periods
without additional permits; |
● |
project
economics will be less favorable if all necessary permits for on-site water disposal are not approved; |
● |
it
will not be possible to drill new wells other than the HV-2 and HV-4 wells without new permits; |
● |
it
will not be possible to utilize five of the existing Project wells (i.e., the BM 2-2, BM 1-2-RD1, HV 2-6, HV 3-6 and/or HV 1-35)
without new permits, including conditional use permits from Monterey County, and other customary permits from local and State agencies; |
● |
it
will not be possible to initiate full-field development without new permits; and |
● |
it
will not be possible to establish long-term production without new permits. |
Due
to our contractor model for drilling operations, we will be vulnerable to any inability to engage one or more drilling rigs and associated
drilling personnel.
Our
operation plan currently depends on using the services of independent drilling contractors such as Ensign Energy that operate their own
drilling rigs using their own personnel. Lack of rig availability from independent drilling contractors would hinder our operations.
Our assets include operations in California and Ensign, for example, has indicated that it is moving its drilling rigs out of California
due to decline of California’s oil and gas industry. Lack of rig availability may be a problem if there is a drilling boom and
rigs are reserved by other operators into the foreseeable future, or contrarily if there is a general lack of rigs as may occur if the
oil industry is in a slump and rigs are taken out of service. The capacities of standard oil field service companies in general (i.e.,
in addition to drilling contractors) in California have declined and continue to decline in parallel with the continuing decline of California’s
oil and gas industry.
If
we fail to raise sufficient funds prior to April 10, 2025, to exercise our option to acquire up to an additional 17.75% working interest
in an initial 960 acres of the Asphalt Ridge Leases, we could lose significant opportunity to participate with a greater working interest
in the expected development of a substantial number of additional wells in such 960 acres, which could result in substantially less revenues
receivable by us.
On
November 10, 2023, we entered into a Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement (the “Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement”)
with Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (“HSO”). Pursuant to the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement, we acquired an option to purchase up to
a 20% working interest in the Asphalt Ridge Leases. To date, we have exercised this option for a 2.25% working interest in an initial
960 acres of the Asphalt Ridge Leases. Under the Asphalt Ridge Option Agreement, as amended, we currently have an option until April
10, 2025, to acquire an additional 17.75% working interest in the 960 acres in consideration for payment of $1,775,000, or to acquire
any lesser amount of working interest at proportionately reduced cost (e.g., $100,000 payment to acquire 1% working interest). In the
event that we do not raise sufficient funds to use the net proceeds to make some or all of such payment, or we otherwise choose not to
exercise such option for any of the remaining 17.75% working interest, then we will retain only our current 2.25% working interest ownership
in the original 960 acres, whereas we will retain options on an additional 1,920 acres and a right of first refusal on an additional
approximate 30,000 acres. While it is still too early to fully assess the potential reserves that we would be losing by not exercising
the option for the additional 17.75% working interest in the initial 960 acres, the loss of such opportunity could be significant and
could result in reducing our future revenue with a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
We
have faced, and may in the future face, conflicts of interest in negotiations with related parties, including in negotiations with Lafayette
Energy Corp and/or Trio LLC, entities which certain of our employees, officers and directors serve as employees, officers or directors,
for example concerning assets where TPET and one of these entities have interests.
TPET
and Lafayette Energy Corp (“LEC”) both have equity interests in the Asphalt Ridge Project, Utah. TPET and Trio LLC both have
equity interests in the South Salinas Project and the McCool Ranch Oil Field, California.
Gregory
L. Overholtzer, our Chief Financial Officer, is also employed by Lafayette Energy Corp (“LEC”) as its Chief Financial Officer.
TPET and LEC both have interests in the Asphalt Ridge Asset in Utah. TPET has an option at this asset and potential conflicts of interests
may arise. Mr. Overholtzer, through his relationship with LEC, might benefit in the event TPET is unable to exercise its option to acquire
this asset.
Stanford
Eschner, who we employed as our Vice Chairman until December 31, 2024 and who continues as our Vice Chairman in a non-employee capacity,
and Steven Rowlee, who we employed as our Chief Operating Officer until December 31, 2024 and was officially released from his duties
by the Board as of January 2, 2025, are also employed by Trio LLC. Stanford Eschner is Trio LLC’s Chairman and Steven Rowlee is
its Vice President. Terence B. Eschner, who we employed as our President until December 31, 2024 and was officially released from his
duties by the Board as of January 2, 2025, also works as a consultant to Trio LLC through his company Sarlan Resources, Inc. Trio LLC
and its management team are part owners of the Company and will continue as Operator of the South Salinas Project and the McCool Ranch
Oil Field on behalf of Trio Corp and of the other working interest partners.
In
October 2023, the Company acquired an approximate 22% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field from Trio LLC, which the Company
announced in a press release on October 18, 2023. The Company is acquiring this interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field primarily through
work commitment expenditures that will be allocated to restart production at the field.
Since
Trio LLC is partly owned and controlled by members of our management, acquisitions of Trio LLC’s assets by the Company constitute
related party transactions and, therefore, a special committee of our board of directors, currently comprised of Mr. Ross, Mr. Randall
and Mr. Hunter (the “Trio Special Committee”) was formed to evaluate and negotiate the terms of such acquisitions. In addition,
in accordance with our Related Person Transaction Policy, we will have such transactions reviewed and approved by our Board’s Audit
Committee. TPET has engaged KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC (“KLSP”) to conduct comprehensive analyses and to provide valuations
of such assets, which analyses have been delivered to the Company and evaluated by the Trio Special Committee.
Since
LEC is partly owned and controlled by current and former members of our management, transactions including acquisitions between TPET
and LEC relating to the Asphalt Ridge Asset and/or to other assets constitute related party transactions, we have formed a special committee
of our board of directors, comprised of Mr. Pernice, Mr. Randall and Mr. Hunter (the “Lafayette Special Committee”) to evaluate
and negotiate the terms of any such future transactions. In addition, in accordance with our Related Person Transaction Policy, we will
have any such future transactions reviewed and approved by our Board’s Audit Committee. TPET will engage KLS Petroleum Consulting
LLC (“KLSP”) or other third-party experts, as deemed necessary by TPET’s management and/or by the Lafayette Special
Committee, to conduct comprehensive analyses and to provide valuations of such assets, which analyses will be delivered to the Company
and evaluated by the Trio Special Committee.
We
may enter into future transactions with LEC and/or Trio LLC. These transactions can give rise to potential conflicts of interest. We
believe that the terms and conditions of our transactions have been, and will continue to be at arm’s length and on commercial
terms that are normal, considering the characteristics of the goods or services involved. However, there can be no assurance that if
such transactions had been concluded between or with third parties, such parties would have negotiated or entered into agreements or
carried out such transactions under the same or substantially similar terms and conditions. Notwithstanding the fact that we have created
the Trio Special Committee and the Lafayette Special Committee to address these potential conflicts of interest, such potential conflicts
of interests could result in the value of our securities being worth less than similarly situated companies without conflicts of interest,
or becoming devalued in the future. Additionally, such conflicts of interest could also lead to future stockholder litigation against
such conflicted officers and directors and/or the Company, which could force us to expend significant resources defending and could result
in material damages being required to be paid by the Company.
We
are operating in a highly capital-intensive industry, and any sales of produced oil and gas may be insufficient to fund, sustain, or
expand revenue-generating operations.
The
oil/gas drilling exploration and production business are capital intensive due to the cost of experienced personnel; equipment and other
assets required to drill, produce and store oil; regulatory compliance costs; potential liability exposures and financial impact; and
risk of unpredictable volatility in oil market prices and predatory pricing by competitors. Drilling requires an upfront payment of operational
costs with no guarantee that actual oil/gas production will cover such expenses. “Dry” holes and/or non-economic results
at planned oil/gas wells could deplete available funding raised by the Company and render the Company insolvent. The actual amount and
timing of our future capital expenditures may differ materially from our estimates as a result of, among other things, market oil prices,
actual drilling results, the availability of drilling rigs and other services and equipment, and regulatory, technological, and competitive
developments.
Future
cash flow from our operations and access to capital are subject to a number of variables, including: (i) the market prices at which our
produced oil and gas are sold; (ii) our oil and/or gas reserves; (iii) our ability to acquire, locate and produce new oil/gas reserves;
and (iv) the levels of our operating expenses.
We
face substantial uncertainties in estimating the characteristics of our assets, so you should not place undue reliance on any of our
measures.
In
this prospectus, we provide numerical and other measures of the characteristics, including with regard to size and quality, of our assets.
These measures may be incorrect, as the accuracy of these measures are functions of available data, geological, geophysical, petrophysical
and engineering interpretation and judgment. Any analogies drawn by us from other wells, discoveries or producing fields may not prove
to be accurate indicators of the success of developing reserves from our assets. Furthermore, we may have inaccurately evaluated the
accuracy of the data from analog wells or prospects produced by other parties, which we may have used.
There
are uncertainties in reserve forecasts and in associated estimates of future cash flows in the South Salinas Project due to uncertainties
in various matters including, for example, in the following:
● |
the
areal extent of the oil and/or gas fields and/or prospects; |
● |
the
gross and net thicknesses of the geologic zones that comprise the oil and/or gas reservoirs (note: “oil and gas reservoirs”
are geologic zones that contain oil and/or gas); |
● |
the
porosity, permeability and fluid saturations (i.e., oil, gas and/or water saturation) of the oil and/or gas reservoirs; |
● |
the
oil, gas and/or water production rates that will be achieved initially and during extended reservoir performance; |
● |
the
volumes of oil and/or gas that can be economically extracted from the oil and/or gas reservoirs; |
● |
the
extent of natural fractures that will be encountered in the naturally-fractured Monterey Formation oil and gas reservoirs (e.g.,
the Monterey Yellow Zone and Monterey Blue Zone that are discussed hereunder and in the Reserve Report and Reserve Supplement Report); |
● |
pore
volume compressibility and its impact on reservoir pressure and thus on reservoir performance; and |
● |
the
oil- and gas-prices during the life of the Project. |
It
is possible that few or none of our wells to be drilled in the future will find accumulations of oil/gas in commercial quality or quantity.
Any significant variance between actual results and our assumptions could materially affect the quantities of oil attributable to any
particular prospect.
The
drilling of wells is speculative, often involving significant costs that may be more than our estimates, and drilling may not result
in any discoveries or additions to our future production or future reserves, or it may result in disproving or diminishing our current
reserves.
Exploring
for and developing oil involves a high degree of operational and financial risk, which precludes definitive statements as to the time
required and costs involved in reaching certain objectives. The budgeted costs of planning, drilling, completing and operating wells
are often exceeded and can increase significantly when drilling costs rise due to a tightening in the supply of various types of oilfield
equipment and related services or unanticipated geologic and/or mechanical conditions. Before a well is spud, we may incur significant
geological and geophysical (seismic) costs, which are incurred whether a well eventually produces commercial quantities of oil/gas, or
is drilled at all. Drilling may be unsuccessful for many reasons, including geologic conditions, weather, cost overruns, equipment shortages
and mechanical difficulties. Exploratory wells bear a much greater risk of loss than development wells. Furthermore, the successful drilling
of a well does not necessarily result in the commercially viable development of a field. A variety of factors, including regulatory,
geologic and/or market-related, can cause a field to become uneconomic or only marginally economic. All of our prospects will require
significant additional exploration and development, regulatory approval and commitments of resources prior to commercial development.
The successful drilling of a single well may not be indicative of the potential for the development of a commercially viable field. Furthermore,
if our actual drilling and development costs are significantly more than our estimated costs, we may not be able to continue our business
operations as proposed and may be forced to modify our development plans.
We
have been an exploration stage entity and our future performance is uncertain.
We
have been an exploration stage entity and will continue to be so until we generate revenue. Exploration stage entities face substantial
business risks and may suffer significant losses. We have generated substantial net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities
since our inception and expect to continue to incur substantial net losses as we continue our exploration and appraisal program. We face
challenges and uncertainties in financial planning as a result of the unavailability of historical data and uncertainties regarding the
nature, scope and results of our future activities. We will need to develop additional business relationships, establish additional operating
procedures, hire additional staff, and take other measures necessary to conduct our intended business activities. We may not be successful
in implementing our business strategies or in completing the development of the facilities necessary to conduct our business as planned.
In the event that one or more of our drilling programs is not completed, is delayed or terminated, our operating results will be adversely
affected and our operations will differ materially from the activities described in this prospectus. There are uncertainties surrounding
our future business operations that must be navigated if we transition from an exploration stage entity and commence generating revenues,
some of which may cause a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We
are dependent on certain members of our management and technical team.
Investors
in our common stock must rely upon the ability, expertise, judgment and discretion of our management and the success of our technical
team in identifying, discovering, evaluating and developing reserves. Our performance and success are dependent, in part, upon key members
of our management and technical team, and their loss or departure could be detrimental to our future success. We depend to a significant
degree upon our recently appointed Chief Executive Officer, Robin Ross, and our Chief Financial Officer, Gregory L. Overholtzer. Our
performance and success are dependent to a large extent on the efforts and continued employment of Mr. Ross and Mr. Overholtzer. We do
not believe that Mr. Ross and Mr. Overholtzer could be quickly replaced with personnel of equal experience and capabilities, and their
successor(s) may not be as effective. If Mr. Ross and Mr. Overholtzer, or any of our other key personnel resign or become unable to continue
in their present roles and if they are not adequately replaced, our business operations could be adversely affected.
In
making a decision to invest in our common stock, you must be willing to rely to a significant extent on our management’s discretion
and judgment. A significant amount of the interests in our Company held by members of our management were previously vested. While the
Company currently has an equity incentive plan in place, there can be no assurance that our management and technical team will remain
in place. The loss of any of our management and technical team members, and specifically, Mr. Ross, our recently appointed Chief Executive
Officer, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, as well as on the market price of
our common stock.
Seismic
studies do not guarantee that oil or gas is present or, if present, will produce in economic quantities.
Oil
exploration and production companies, like the Company, rely on seismic studies to assist in assessing prospective drilling opportunities
on oil and gas properties, as well as on properties that a company may acquire. Such seismic studies are merely an interpretive tool
and do not necessarily guarantee that oil or gas is present or, if present, will produce in economic or profitable quantities.
The
potential lack of availability of, or cost of, drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, personnel, and crude oil field services could adversely
affect our ability to execute on a timely basis exploration and development plans within any budget.
We
may encounter an increase in the cost of securing needed drilling rigs, equipment, and supplies, which is increasingly a risk in California
where the oil and gas industry is contracting, due to regulatory challenges/obstacles, and some service companies are reducing their
presence in California or leaving the state entirely. Larger producers may be more likely to secure access to such equipment by offering
more lucrative terms. If we are unable to acquire access to such resources or can obtain access only at higher prices, its ability to
convert oil reserves into cash flow could be delayed, and the cost of producing from those oil reserves could increase significantly,
which would adversely affect results of operations and financial condition. Our current drilling operations are limited, and availability
of essential drilling assets may not become a risk factor until such time as we increase drilling operations.
Our
business plan requires substantial additional capital, which we may be unable to raise on acceptable terms in the future, which may in
turn limit our ability to develop our exploration, appraisal, development and production activities.
We
expect our capital outlays and operating expenditures to be substantial over the next several years as we expand our operations. Obtaining
and/or reprocessing and/or reinterpreting seismic data, as well as exploration, appraisal, development and production activities entail
considerable costs, and we expect that we will need to raise substantial additional capital, through future private or public equity
offerings, strategic alliances or debt financing.
Our
future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:
● |
the
scope, rate of progress and cost of our exploration, appraisal, development and production activities; |
|
|
● |
oil
prices; |
● |
our
ability to produce oil or natural gas; |
|
|
● |
the
terms and timing of any drilling and other production-related arrangements that we may enter into; |
|
|
● |
the
cost and timing of governmental regulatory approvals of permits; and |
|
|
● |
the
effects of competition from other companies and/or third-parties operating in the oil and gas industry. |
Additional
capital may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, if we are successful raising additional capital through the
sale of our securities, at such time our existing stockholders would, in all likelihood, be further diluted and new investors may demand
rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, the
financing may involve covenants that restrict our business activities. If we choose to farm-out our interests, we may lose operating
control or influence over such assets.
Assuming
we are able to timely commence exploration, appraisal, development and/or production activities, and/or to maintain oil/gas production,
and/or to maintain force majeure status, then our rights to our mineral leasehold should extend for certain periods of time and/or for
life of production. If we are unable to meet our commitments we may be subject to significant potential forfeiture of all or part of
the mineral leasehold. If we are not successful in raising additional capital, we may be unable to continue our future exploration and
production activities or successfully exploit our assets, and we may lose the rights to develop said assets.
A
substantial or extended decline in global and/or local oil and/or natural gas prices may adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
The
prices that we will receive for our oil and natural gas will significantly affect our revenue, profitability, access to capital and future
growth rate. Historically, the oil and natural gas markets have been volatile and will likely continue to be volatile in the future.
The prices that we will receive for our future production and the levels of our future production depend on numerous factors. These factors
include, but are not limited to, the following:
● |
changes
in supply and demand for oil and natural gas; |
|
|
● |
the
actions of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”); |
|
|
● |
speculation
as to the future price of oil and natural gas and the speculative trading of oil and natural gas futures contracts; |
|
|
● |
global
economic conditions; |
|
|
● |
political
and economic conditions, including embargoes in oil-producing countries or affecting other oil-producing activities, particularly
in the Middle East, Africa, Russia and South America; |
|
|
● |
the
continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military and other action, including U.S. military operations in the Middle East; |
|
|
● |
the
level of global oil and natural gas exploration and production activity; |
|
|
● |
the
level of global oil inventories and oil refining capacities; |
|
|
● |
weather conditions and natural disasters; |
|
|
● |
technological advances affecting energy
consumption; |
|
|
● |
governmental regulations and taxation policies; |
|
|
● |
proximity and capacity of transportation
facilities; |
|
|
● |
the price and availability of competitors’
supplies of oil and natural gas; and |
|
|
● |
the price and availability of alternative
fuels. |
Lower
oil prices may not only decrease our revenues on a per share basis but also may reduce the amount of oil that we can produce economically.
A substantial or extended decline in oil and natural gas prices may materially and adversely affect our future business, financial condition,
results of operations, liquidity or ability to finance planned capital expenditures.
Unless
we replace our petroleum reserves, our reserves and production will decline over time. Our business is dependent on the successful development
of our various current petroleum assets and projects and/or on continued successful identification and exploitation of other petroleum
assets and prospects, whereas the identified locations in which we drill in the future may not yield oil or natural gas in commercial
quantities.
Production
from oil properties may decline as reserves are depleted, with the rate of decline depending on reservoir characteristics and other factors.
Similarly, our current reserves will decline as the reserves are produced. Our future oil reserves and production, and therefore our
cash flows and income, are highly dependent on our success in efficiently developing our current reserves and/or economically finding
or acquiring additional recoverable reserves. While our team members have had success in identifying and developing commercially exploitable
deposits and drilling locations in the past, we may be unable to replicate that success in the future. We may not identify any more commercially
exploitable deposits or successfully drill, complete or produce more oil reserves, and the wells which we have drilled and currently
plan to drill at our assets may not discover or produce any further oil or gas or may not discover or produce additional commercially
viable quantities of oil or gas to enable us to continue to operate profitably. If we are unable to replace our future production, the
value of our reserves will decrease, and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.
Our
inability to access appropriate equipment and infrastructure in a timely manner may hinder our access to oil and natural gas markets
or delay our future oil and natural gas production.
Our
ability to market our future oil/gas production will depend substantially on the availability and capacity of processing facilities,
tanker trucks, pipelines and other infrastructure. Our failure to obtain such facilities on acceptable terms could materially harm our
business. We will rely on access to drilling rigs suitable for our projects. The availability of drilling rigs may be problematic or
delayed, and we may not be able to gain timely access to suitable rigs. We may be required to shut-in oil/gas wells because of the absence
of markets or because facilities are inadequate or nonexistent. If that were to occur, then we would be unable to realize revenue from
those wells until arrangements were made to deliver the production to market, which could cause a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
Additionally,
the exploitation and sale of associated and non-associated natural gas and liquids will be subject to timely commercial processing and
marketing of these products, which may depend on the contracting, financing, building and operating of infrastructure by third parties.
We
are subject to numerous risks inherent to the exploration and production of oil and natural gas.
Oil
and natural gas exploration and future production activities involve many risks that a combination of experience, knowledge and interpretation
may not be able to overcome. Our future will depend on the success of our exploration and future production activities and on the development
of infrastructure that will allow us to take advantage of our discoveries. As a result, our oil and natural gas exploration and future
production activities are subject to numerous risks, including the risk that drilling will not result in commercially viable oil and
natural gas production. Our decisions to purchase, explore or develop discoveries, prospects or licenses will depend in part on the evaluation
of seismic data through geophysical and geological analyses, production data and engineering studies, the results of which are often
inconclusive or subject to varying interpretations.
Furthermore,
the marketability of expected oil and natural gas production from any future discoveries and prospects will also be affected by numerous
factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, market fluctuations of prices, proximity, capacity and availability of processing
facilities, transportation vehicles and pipelines, equipment availability and government regulations (including, without limitation,
regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, allowable production, domestic supply requirements, importing and exporting of oil
and natural gas, environmental protection and climate change). The effect of these factors, individually or jointly, may result in us
not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
In
the event that our currently undeveloped discoveries and prospects are developed and become operational, they may not produce oil and
natural gas in commercial quantities or at the costs anticipated, and our projects may cease production, in part or entirely, in certain
circumstances. Discoveries may become uneconomical as a result of an increase in operating costs to produce oil and natural gas. Our
actual operating costs may differ materially from our current estimates. Moreover, it is possible that other developments, such as increasingly
strict environmental, climate change, health and safety laws and regulations and enforcement policies thereunder and claims for damages
to property or persons resulting from our operations, could result in substantial costs and liabilities, delays, an inability to complete
the development of our discoveries or the abandonment of such discoveries, which could cause a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
We
are subject to drilling and other operational environmental hazards.
The
oil and natural gas business involves a variety of operating risks, including, but not limited to:
● |
fires,
blowouts, spills, cratering and explosions; |
● |
mechanical
and equipment problems, including unforeseen engineering complications; |
● |
uncontrolled
flows or leaks of oil, well fluids, natural gas, brine, toxic gas or other pollution; |
● |
gas
flaring operations; |
● |
formations
with abnormal pressures; |
● |
pollution,
other environmental risks, and geological problems; and |
● |
weather
conditions and natural disasters. |
The
development schedule of oil and natural gas projects, including the availability and cost of drilling rigs, equipment, supplies, personnel
and oilfield services, is subject to delays and cost overruns.
Historically,
some oil and natural gas development projects have experienced delays and capital cost increases and overruns due to, among other factors,
the unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs and other essential equipment, supplies, personnel and oilfield services. To the extent
we locate commercially viable reserves through our exploration and development activities, the cost to develop our projects will not
have been fixed and will remain dependent upon a number of factors, including the completion of detailed cost estimates and final engineering,
contracting and procurement costs. Our construction and operation schedules may not proceed as planned and may experience delays or cost
overruns. Any delays may increase the costs of the project, requiring additional capital, and such capital may not be available in a
timely and cost-effective fashion.
Participants
in the oil and gas industry are subject to numerous laws that can affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.
Exploration
and production activities in the oil and gas industry are subject to local laws and regulations. We may be required to make large expenditures
to comply with governmental laws and regulations, particularly in respect of the following matters:
● |
permits
for drilling, long-term production, water disposal, conditional use and other matters; |
● |
licenses
for drilling operations; |
● |
tax
increases, including retroactive claims; |
● |
unitization
of oil accumulations; |
● |
local
content requirements (including the mandatory use of local partners and vendors); and |
● |
environmental
requirements and obligations, including remediation or investigation activities. |
Under
these and other laws and regulations, we could be liable for personal injuries, property damage and other types of damages. Failure to
comply with these laws and regulations also may result in the suspension or termination of our operations and subject us to administrative,
civil and criminal penalties. Moreover, these laws and regulations could change, or their interpretations could change, in ways that
could substantially increase our costs. These risks may be higher in developing countries in which we may at some point in the future
decide to conduct our operations, where there could be a lack of clarity or lack of consistency in the application of these laws and
regulations. Any resulting liabilities, penalties, suspensions or terminations could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations.
We
and our operations are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety regulations which may result in material liabilities and
costs.
We
and our operations are subject to various international, foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and
regulations governing, among other things, the emission and discharge of pollutants into the ground, air or water, the generation, storage,
handling, use and transportation of regulated materials and the health and safety of our employees. We are required to obtain environmental
permits from governmental authorities for our operations, including drilling permits for our wells. We have not been or may not be at
all times in complete compliance with these permits and the environmental laws and regulations to which we are subject, and there is
a risk that these laws and regulations could change in the future or become more stringent. If we violate or fail to comply with these
laws, regulations or permits, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators, including through the revocation of our permits
or the suspension or termination of our operations. If we fail to obtain permits in a timely manner or at all (due to opposition from
community or environmental interest groups, governmental delays or any other reasons), or if we face additional requirements imposed
as a result of changes in or enactment of laws or regulations, such failure to obtain permits or such changes in or enactment of laws
could impede or affect our operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We,
as an interest owner or as the designated operator of certain of our current and future discoveries and prospects, could be held liable
for some or all environmental, health and safety costs and liabilities arising out of our actions and omissions as well as those of our
block partners, third-party contractors or other operators. To the extent we do not address these costs and liabilities or if we do not
otherwise satisfy our obligations, our operations could be suspended or terminated. We have contracted with and intend to continue to
hire third parties to perform services related to our operations. There is a risk that we may contract with third parties with unsatisfactory
environmental, health and safety records or that our contractors may be unwilling or unable to cover any losses associated with their
acts and omissions. Accordingly, we could be held liable for all costs and liabilities arising out of the acts or omissions of our contractors,
which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We
maintain insurance at levels that we believe are consistent with industry practices, but we are not fully insured against all risks.
Our insurance may not cover any or all environmental claims that might arise from our future operations or at any of our asset areas.
If a significant accident or other event occurs and is not covered by insurance, such accident or event could have a material adverse
effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Our
operations may be dependent on sources of electricity and/or natural gas that may be unreliable or costly.
Oil
and gas operations, including our operations, commonly require significant electricity and/or natural gas as power sources to operate
facilities. Some oil and gas operations are power self-sourced, for example producing natural gas to run facilities including to generate
electricity. Some oil operations historically were permitted to burn crude oil to power operations but this is commonly not permitted
today due to associated greenhouse gas emissions. Our South Salinas Project may produce sufficient natural gas to be power self-sourced
and even to deliver gas to market. The McCool Ranch Oil Field produces black oil without associated natural gas, and historically has
received natural gas through an existing pipeline that has had excess capacity. The excess capacity available might not be adequate to
meet our demand. If establishing and/or maintaining reliable sources of affordable electricity and/or natural gas are problematic or
delayed, this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We
expect continued and increasing attention to climate change and energy transition issues and associated regulations to constrain and
impede the oil/gas industry.
We
expect continued and increasing attention to climate change and to the energy transition away from fossil fuels. Various countries and
regions have agreed to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases, including methane (a primary component of natural gas) and carbon dioxide
(a byproduct of oil and natural gas combustion). The regulation of greenhouse gases and the physical impacts of climate change in the
areas in which we, our customers and the end-users of our products operate could adversely impact our operations and the demand for our
products.
Environmental,
health and safety laws are complex, change frequently and have tended to become increasingly stringent over time. Our costs of complying
with current and future climate change, environmental, health and safety laws, the actions or omissions of our block partners and third
party contractors and our liabilities arising from releases of, or exposure to, regulated substances may adversely affect our results
of operations and financial condition.
We
may incur substantial losses and become subject to liability claims as a result of future oil and natural gas operations, for which we
may not have adequate insurance coverage.
We
intend to maintain insurance against risks in the operation of the business we plan to develop and in amounts in which we believe to
be reasonable. Such insurance, however, may contain exclusions and limitations on coverage. For example, we are not insured against political
or terrorism risks. We may elect not to obtain insurance if we believe that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to
the risks presented. Losses and liabilities arising from uninsured and underinsured events could materially and adversely affect our
business, financial condition and results of operations.
We
may be subject to risks in connection with acquisitions and the integration of significant acquisitions may be difficult.
We
periodically evaluate acquisitions of prospects, properties, mineral leases, licenses, reserves and other strategic transactions that
appear to fit within our overall business strategy. The successful acquisition of these assets requires an assessment of several factors,
including:
● |
oil
and/or gas reserves; |
● |
future
oil and natural gas prices and their differentials; |
● |
development
and operating costs; and |
● |
potential
environmental and other liabilities. |
The
accuracy of these assessments is inherently uncertain. In connection with these assessments, we perform a review of the subject assets
that we believe to be generally consistent with industry practices. Our review will not reveal all existing or potential problems nor
will it permit us to become sufficiently familiar with the assets to fully assess their deficiencies and potential recoverable reserves.
Inspections may not always be performed on every well, and environmental problems are not necessarily observable even when an inspection
is undertaken. Even when problems are identified, the seller may be unwilling or unable to provide effective contractual protection against
all or part of the problems. We may not be entitled to contractual indemnification for environmental liabilities and could acquire assets
on an “as is” basis. Significant acquisitions and other strategic transactions may involve other risks, including:
● |
diversion
of our management’s attention to evaluating, negotiating and integrating significant acquisitions and strategic transactions; |
● |
the
challenge and cost of integrating acquired operations, information management and other technology systems and business cultures
with those of ours while carrying on our ongoing business; |
● |
difficulty
associated with coordinating geographically separate organizations; and |
● |
the
challenge of attracting and retaining personnel associated with acquired operations. |
The
process of integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or loss of momentum in, the activities of our business. Members of
our senior management may be required to devote considerable amounts of time to this integration process, which will decrease the time
they will have to manage our business. If our senior management is not able to effectively manage the integration process, or if any
significant business activities are interrupted as a result of the integration process, our business could suffer.
If
we fail to realize the anticipated benefits of a significant acquisition, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
The
success of a significant acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to realize anticipated growth opportunities from combining
the acquired assets or operations with those of ours. Even if a combination is successful, it may not be possible to realize the full
benefits we may expect in estimated proved reserves, production volume, cost savings from operating synergies or other benefits anticipated
from an acquisition or realize these benefits within the expected time frame. Anticipated benefits of an acquisition may be offset by
operating losses relating to changes in commodity prices, or in oil and gas industry conditions, or by risks and uncertainties relating
to the exploratory prospects of the combined assets or operations, or an increase in operating or other costs or other difficulties,
including the assumption of environmental or other liabilities in connection with the acquisition. If we fail to realize the benefits
we anticipate from an acquisition, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
The
requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, result in more litigation and divert management’s attention.
As
a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street
Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE American and other applicable securities rules and regulations.
Complying with these rules and regulations has increased our legal and financial compliance costs, made some activities more difficult,
time consuming or costly, and increased demand on our systems and resources, including management. The Exchange Act requires, among other
things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.
We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. In order to maintain and, if required,
improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources
and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which
could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may also need to hire additional employees or engage outside consultants
to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses.
In
addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for
public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations
and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity and, as a result, their application
in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty
regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to
invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative
expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our
efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due
to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business
may be adversely affected.
These
new rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and, in the future, we
may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more
difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and
compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.
By
disclosing information in this prospectus and in other filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will
become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties.
If those claims are successful, our business could be seriously harmed. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved
in our favor, the time and resources needed to resolve them could divert our management’s resources and seriously harm our business.
We
are subject to the examination of our tax returns and other tax matters by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, states in which we conduct
business, and other tax authorities. If our effective tax rates were to increase, or if the ultimate determination of our taxes owed
is for an amount in excess of amounts previously accrued, our financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially
adversely affected.
U.S.
federal, state and local tax laws are being re-examined and evaluated. New laws and interpretations of the law are taken into account
for financial statement purposes in the quarter or year that they become applicable. Tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizing the
tax positions of companies. If U.S. federal, state or local tax authorities change applicable tax laws, our overall taxes could increase,
and our business, financial condition or results of operations may be adversely impacted.
In
addition, any significant changes enacted by the current U.S. presidential administration to the Code or specifically to the Tax Cuts
and Jobs Act (the “U.S. Tax Act”) enacted in 2017, or to regulatory guidance associated with the U.S. Tax Act, could materially
adversely affect our effective tax rate.
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive
forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit its stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable
judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum,
the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought
on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty or other wrongdoing by any of our directors, officers,
employees or agents to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware
General Corporate Law (“DGCL”) or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended and restated bylaws, (4)
any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or amended
and restated bylaws, or (5) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Under our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation, this exclusive form provision will not apply to claims which are vested in the exclusive jurisdiction of a court or
forum other than the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or for which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not
have subject matter jurisdiction. For instance, the exclusive forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation
does not apply to actions arising under federal securities laws, including suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by
the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), the Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), or the rules
and regulations thereunder. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that any person or entity holding, purchasing or otherwise acquiring any
interest in shares of our capital stock will be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to this choice of forum provision. It
is possible that a court of law could rule that the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation
is inapplicable or unenforceable if it is challenged in a proceeding or otherwise. Therefore, the exclusive forum provision in our amended
and restated certificate of incorporation will not relieve us of our duty to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and
regulations thereunder, and stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with these laws, rules and regulations.
In
addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative
forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive
forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, or the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. We note, however, that there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision and that investors
cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Section 22 of the Securities Act creates
concurrent jurisdiction for state and federal courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities
Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
This
exclusive forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with
us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us or our directors, officers or other employees.
In addition, stockholders who do bring a claim in the state or federal court in the State of Delaware could face additional litigation
costs in pursuing any such claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Delaware. The state or federal court of the State of
Delaware may also reach different judgments or results than would other courts, including courts where a stockholder would otherwise
choose to bring the action, and such judgments or results may be more favorable to us than to our stockholders. However, the enforceability
of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation have been challenged in legal proceedings,
and it is possible that a court could find this type of provision to be inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more
of the specified types of actions or proceedings. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and
restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we might incur additional costs associated with
resolving such action in other jurisdictions.
Our
business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by inflationary pressures.
As
of the date of this prospectus, inflationary pressures have led to increased construction materials and labor costs, specifically associated
with steel, cement, and other materials. We believe we will continue to experience such pressures in future quarters, as well as potential
delays in our contractors’ ability to requisition such materials. These pressures have led to an overall increase in budgeted construction
costs. No assurance can be given that the costs of our projects will not exceed budgets. Any such cost overruns or delays could have
a material adverse effect on our business.
Risks
Relating to Our Common Stock
There
can be no assurance that an active and liquid trading market for our common stock will continue or that we will be able to continue to
comply with the NYSE American’s continued listing standards.
Our
common stock began trading on the NYSE American exchange in April 2023, as a result of our consummation of an initial public offering
of our shares of common stock. Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “TPET.” There can
be no assurance an active and liquid trading market in our common stock will continue.
There
is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain such listing for any period of time by perpetually satisfying the NYSE American’s
continued listing requirements. Our failure to continue to meet these requirements may result in our common stock being delisted from
the NYSE American.
If
we are not able to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements or standards of the NYSE American, our common stock could
be delisted from the NYSE American.
Our
common stock is listed on the NYSE American. In order to maintain this listing, we must maintain a certain share price, financial and
share distribution targets, including maintaining a minimum amount of stockholders’ equity and a minimum number of public stockholders.
In addition to these objective standards, the NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer (i) if, in its opinion, the issuer’s
financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory; (ii) if it appears that the extent of public distribution or the
aggregate market value of the security has become so reduced as to make continued listing on the NYSE American inadvisable; (iii) if
the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets or ceases to be an operating company; (iv) if an issuer fails to comply with
the NYSE American’s listing requirements; (v) if an issuer’s securities sell at what the NYSE American considers a “low
selling price” which the exchange generally considers $0.10 per share, the NYSE American may suspend trading of the common stock,
until the issuer corrects this via a reverse split of shares after notification by the NYSE American; or (vi) if any other event occurs
or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE American, in its opinion, inadvisable. There are no assurances how
the market price of the common stock will be impacted in future periods as a result of the general uncertainties in the capital markets
and any specific impact on our Company as a result of the recent volatility in the capital markets.
On
February 26, 2024, we received written notice (the “Notice”) from the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) indicating
that we were not in compliance with the continued listing standard set forth in Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide
(“Section 1003(f)(v)”) because the shares of our common stock had been selling for a substantial period of time at a low
price per share. The Notice had no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our shares of common stock and our common stock continued
to trade on the NYSE American under the symbol “TPET” with the designation of “.BC” to indicate that the Company
was not in compliance with the NYSE American’s continued listing standards. Additionally, the Notice did not result in the immediate
delisting of our common stock from the NYSE American.
On
May 1, 2024, we received notice from the NYSE American (the “Stock Price Compliance Notice”) informing us that we had resolved
the continued listing deficiency with respect to the low price of our common stock and regained compliance with the continued listing
requirements, because the 30-day average price of our common Stock was $0.25 ($5.00 on a post-reverse split basis) as of April 30, 2024.
The Stock Price Compliance Notice also provided that the NYSE American could still commence delisting proceedings and immediately suspend
trading of our common stock if it trades at levels viewed to be abnormally low, which is generally viewed as a price at or below $0.10.
On
November 5, 2024, the Company received notice from NYSE American that the NYSE American had suspended trading of our shares of common
stock, until the effectiveness of the Reverse Stock Split, because our common stock was consistently selling at a low selling price per
share in violation of Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide. Upon effecting the Reverse Stock Split, our common stock
began trading again on the NYSE American on November 15, 2024. If, in the future, the price of our common stock falls out of compliance,
again, with the continued listing requirements of the NYSE American, this could result in a de-listing of our common stock from trading
on the NYSE American.
In
the event that our common stock is delisted from the NYSE American and is not eligible for quotation on another market or exchange, trading
of our common stock could be conducted in the over-the-counter market or on an electronic bulletin board established for unlisted securities,
such as the Pink Sheets or the OTC Markets. In such event, investors may face material adverse consequences, including, but not limited
to, a lack of trading market for the common stock, reduced liquidity and market price of the common stock, decreased analyst coverage
of our common stock, and an inability for us to obtain any additional financing to fund our operations that we may need.
If
our common stock is delisted, our common stock may be subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations
that define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions,
such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules
impose additional sales practice requirements and burdens on broker-dealers (subject to certain exceptions) and could discourage broker-dealers
from effecting transactions in our stock, further limiting the liquidity of our shares, and an investor may find it more difficult to
acquire or dispose of the common stock on the secondary market.
These
factors could have a material adverse effect on the trading price, liquidity, value and marketability of the common stock.
Our
share price may be volatile, and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses.
Our
share price has been extremely volatile in the past and may continue to be so in the future. Since our IPO, our common stock has traded
at prices ranging from $60.00 and $0.79 (on a post-reverse stock split basis). The stock market in general has experienced extreme volatility
that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. This is particularly applicable to small-capitalized
companies with relatively smaller public floats like us. As a relatively small-capitalization company with a relatively small public
float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, extreme price run-ups, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization
companies. In particular, our common stock may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large
spreads in bid and ask prices. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance,
financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our common stock.
The market price for our common stock may be influenced
by many factors. Specifically, oil and gas stocks are also particularly volatile because the price of oil itself is highly volatile,
which is largely driven by the complex interplay of supply and demand factors, heavily influenced by geopolitical events, making it sensitive
to disruptions in production or sudden shifts in global demand, often causing large price swings in a short period of time; this
directly impacts the profitability of oil and gas companies, leading to stock price fluctuations. Large moves in the price of our common
stock either up or down, is also more likely on or around the times we make public announcements relating to our business, including updates
in drilling operations at our sites.
The market price for our common stock may
be influenced by many other factors, including, but not limited to:
● |
the
price of oil and natural gas; |
● |
the
success of our exploration and development operations, and the marketing of any oil and natural gas we produce; |
● |
regulatory
developments in the United States and/or in any foreign countries where we may have operations in the future; |
● |
the
recruitment or departure of key personnel; |
● |
quarterly
or annual variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us; |
● |
market
conditions in the industries in which we compete and issuance of new or changed securities; |
● |
analysts’
reports or recommendations; |
● |
the
failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock or changes in financial estimates by analysts; |
● |
the
inability to meet the financial estimates of analysts who follow our common stock; |
● |
the
issuance of any additional securities of ours; |
● |
investor
perception of our company and of the industry in which we compete; and |
● |
general
economic, political and market conditions. |
Broad
market and industry factors may significantly affect the market price of our securities, regardless of our actual operating performance.
These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our common stock shortly following this offering. In addition,
if the trading volumes of our common stock are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influence prices
of our common stock. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of our common stock to fluctuate greatly, with large percentage
changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of our common stock may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment
or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political
conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses
on their investment in our common stock. A decline in the market price of our common stock also could adversely affect our ability to
issue additional shares of common stock or other securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future.
If the market
price of shares of our common stock after this offering does not ever exceed the offering price, you may not realize any return on your
investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment.
In
addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and in the market price of a particular company’s
securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against
us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
The
concentration of our share capital ownership among our largest stockholders, and their affiliates, will limit your ability to
influence corporate matters.
As
of February 24, 2025, our five largest stockholders collectively owned approximately 9.2% of our issued and outstanding
common stock. Consequently, these stockholders have significant influence over all matters that require approval by our stockholders,
including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership will limit your
ability to influence corporate matters, and as a result, actions may be taken that you may not view as beneficial.
Our
common stock may be subject to the “penny stock” rules in the future. It may be more difficult to resell securities classified
as “penny stock.”
Our
common stock may be subject to “penny stock” rules (generally defined as non-exchange traded stock with a per-share price
below $5.00) in the future. While our common stock is not currently considered a “penny stock” since it is listed on the
NYSE American, if we are unable to maintain listing and our common stock is no longer listed on the NYSE American, unless we maintain
a per-share price above $5.00, our common stock will become a “penny stock.” These rules impose additional sales practice
requirements on broker-dealers that recommend the purchase or sale of penny stocks to persons other than those who qualify as “established
customers” or “accredited investors.” For example, broker-dealers must determine the appropriateness for non-qualifying
persons of investments in penny stocks. Broker-dealers must also provide, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt
from the rules, a standardized risk disclosure document that provides information about penny stocks and the risks in the penny stock
market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with current bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, disclose the compensation
of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, furnish monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny
stock held in the customer’s account, provide a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for
the purchaser, and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction.
Legal
remedies available to an investor in “penny stocks” may include the following:
| ● | If
a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in violation of the requirements listed
above, or other federal or states securities laws, the investor may be able to cancel the
purchase and receive a refund of the investment. |
| ● | If
a “penny stock” is sold to the investor in a fraudulent manner, the investor
may be able to sue the persons and firms that committed the fraud for damages. |
These
requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity, if any, in the secondary market for a security that becomes
subject to the penny stock rules. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers
from effecting transactions in our securities, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our securities. These requirements
may restrict the ability of broker-dealers to sell our common stock and may affect your ability to resell our common stock.
Many
brokerage firms will discourage or refrain from recommending investments in penny stocks. Most institutional investors will not invest
in penny stocks. In addition, many individual investors will not invest in penny stocks due, among other reasons, to the increased financial
risk generally associated with these investments.
For
these reasons, penny stocks may have a limited market and, consequently, limited liquidity. We can give no assurance at what time, if
ever, our common stock will not be classified as a “penny stock” in the future.
Certain
of our executive officers and directors have significant duties with, and spend significant time serving, entities that may compete with
us in seeking acquisitions and business opportunities and, accordingly, may have conflicts of interest in allocating time or pursuing
business opportunities.
Certain
of our executive officers and directors, who are responsible for managing the direction of our operations, hold positions of responsibility
with other entities (including affiliated entities) that are in the oil and natural gas industry. These executive officers and directors
may become aware of business opportunities that may be appropriate for presentation to us as well as to the other entities with which
they are, or may become, affiliated. Due to these existing and potential future affiliations, they may present potential business opportunities
to other entities prior to presenting them to us, which could cause additional conflicts of interest. They may also decide that certain
opportunities are more appropriate for other entities with which they are affiliated, and as a result, they may elect not to present
those opportunities to us. These conflicts may not be resolved in our favor. For additional discussion of our management’s business
affiliations and the potential conflicts of interest of which our stockholders should be aware, see “Certain Relationships and
Related Party Transactions.”
For
as long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those
relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies.
We
are classified as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which
may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to, among other things: (i) provide an auditor’s
attestation report on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant
to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (ii) comply with any new requirements adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm
rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about
the audit and the financial statements of the issuer; (iii) provide certain disclosures regarding executive compensation required of
larger public companies; or (iv) hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation. We will remain an emerging growth company
for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if we have more than $1.235 billion of revenues in a fiscal year, have
more than $700 million in market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible
debt over a three-year period.
To
the extent that we rely on any of the exemptions available to emerging growth companies, you will receive less information about our
executive compensation and internal control over financial reporting than issuers that are not emerging growth companies. If some investors
find our common stock to be less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock
price may be more volatile.
We
do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is
if the price of our shares appreciates.
We
do not plan to declare dividends on shares of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, your only opportunity to achieve
a return on your investment in us will be if the market price of our common stock appreciates, which may not occur, and you sell your
shares at a profit. There is no guarantee that the price of our common stock that will prevail in the market will ever exceed the price
that you pay.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
The
proceeds from the sale of the shares offered pursuant to this prospectus are solely for the account of the selling stockholders. We will
not receive any of the proceeds from any sale of shares by the selling stockholders. See “Selling Stockholders” and
“Plan of Distribution” below.
DETERMINATION
OF OFFERING PRICE
The
selling stockholders may sell the shares offered pursuant to this prospectus at prices and at terms prevailing or at prices related to
the current market price, or in negotiated transactions.
SELLING
STOCKHOLDERS
We
are registering for resale an aggregate of 210,000 shares of common stock held by the selling stockholders named herein to permit
the selling stockholders identified below and their pledgees, donees, transferees and other successors-in-interest that receive their
securities from a selling stockholder as a gift, partnership distribution or other non-sale related transfer after the date of this prospectus
to resell these shares when and as they deem appropriate. The selling stockholders may resell all, a portion, or none of the shares,
at any time and from time to time. The selling stockholders may also sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of some or all of the shares
in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. We do not know when or in what amounts the selling stockholders
may offer the shares of common stock for sale under this prospectus.
The
following table sets forth:
| ● | the
name of each selling stockholder; |
| ● | the
number and percentage of shares of our common stock that each selling stockholder beneficially
owned as of March 5, 2025 prior to the offering for resale of the shares under this
prospectus; |
| ● | the
number of shares that may be offered for resale for the account of each selling stockholder
under this prospectus; and |
| ● | the
number and percentage of shares of our common stock to be beneficially owned by each selling
stockholder after the offering of the resale shares (assuming all of the offered resale shares
are sold by such selling stockholder). |
Information
with respect to beneficial ownership is based upon information obtained from the selling stockholders. Because the selling stockholders
may offer all or part of the shares which they own, and because its offering is not being underwritten on a firm commitment basis, no
estimate can be given as to the amount of shares that will be held upon termination of this offering.
The
number of shares in the column “Number of Shares Being Offered Hereby” represents all of the shares of our common stock that
each selling stockholder may offer under this prospectus. We do not know how long the selling stockholders will hold the shares before
selling them or how many shares they will sell. The shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus may be offered from time to
time by the selling stockholders listed below. We cannot assure you that any of the selling stockholders will offer for sale or sell
any or all of the shares of common stock offered by them by this prospectus.
As of March 5, 2025, there were 6,956,694 shares
of our common stock outstanding.
Name of Selling Stockholder | |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to the Offering | | |
Number of Shares Being Offered Hereby | | |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned Upon Completion of the Offering | | |
Percentage of Shares Beneficially Owned Upon Completion of the Offering | |
Robin Ross (1) | |
| 137,750 | (2) | |
| 150,000 | (3) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Gregory L. Overholtzer (4) | |
| 15,000 | (5) | |
| 10,000 | (6) | |
| 5,000 | | |
| * | |
William J. Hunter (7) | |
| 28,000 | (8) | |
| 12,500 | (6) | |
| 15,500 | | |
| * | |
John Randall (9) | |
| 16,000 | (10) | |
| 12,500 | (6) | |
| 3,500 | | |
| * | |
Thomas J. Pernice (11) | |
| 17,500 | (12) | |
| 12,500 | (6) | |
| 5,000 | | |
| * | |
James H. Blake (13) | |
| 12,500 | (14) | |
| 12,500 | (6) | |
| - | | |
| - | |
*
Less than 1%
(1) |
Mr.
Ross is our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman. |
|
|
(2) |
Represents
(i) 112,750 shares of common stock, and (ii) 25,000 shares of common stock issuable under vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”)
within 60 days of March 5, 2025 (i.e. by May 4, 2025). Excludes 25,000 shares of common stock issuable under RSUs after May 4, 2025. |
|
|
(3) |
Represents
(i) 100,000 shares of restricted stock, and (ii) 50,000 shares of common stock issuable under RSUs, of which (a) 12,500 are vested as of March 5, 2025,
(b) 12,500 vest on March 19, 2025, (c) 12,500 vest on June 19, 2025, and (d) 12,500 vest on September 19, 2025. |
|
|
(4) |
Mr.
Overholtzer is our Chief Financial Officer. |
|
|
(5) |
Includes
10,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to Mr. Overholtzer pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which will fully vest on April 21, 2025. |
|
|
(6) |
Represents shares of restricted stock. |
|
|
(7) |
Mr.
Hunter is a member of our Board. |
|
|
(8) |
Includes
12,500 shares of restricted stock awarded to Mr. Hunter pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which fully vested on January 21, 2025. |
|
|
(9) |
Mr.
Randall is a member of our Board. |
|
|
(10) |
Includes
12,500 shares of restricted stock awarded to Mr. Randall pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which fully vested on January 21, 2025. |
|
|
(11) |
Mr.
Pernice is a member of our Board. |
|
|
(12) |
Includes
12,500 shares of restricted stock awarded to Mr. Pernice pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which fully vested on January 21, 2025. |
|
|
(13) |
Mr.
Blake is a member of our Board. |
|
|
(14) |
Includes
12,500 shares of restricted stock awarded to Mr. Blake pursuant to the 2022 Plan, which will fully vest on April 21, 2025. |
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
The
purpose of this reoffer prospectus is to allow the selling stockholders to offer for sale and sell all or a portion of the shares acquired
in connection with the provision of officer and/or director services to the Company. The selling stockholders may sell the shares of
common stock registered pursuant to this reoffer prospectus directly to purchasers or through broker-dealers or agents, who may receive
compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholders or the purchasers. These commissions
as to any particular broker-dealer or agent may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved. Neither we nor
any selling stockholders can presently estimate the amount of this compensation.
The
common stock offered under this reoffer prospectus may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices
at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated
prices. These sales may be effectuated in transactions, which may involve block transactions, on any national securities exchange
on which the Company’s common stock may be then-listed.
The
aggregate proceeds to the selling stockholders from the sale of the shares will be the purchase price of the common stock less discounts
and commissions, if any. The selling stockholders reserve the right to accept and, together with her agents from time to time, to reject,
in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of the shares to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds
from a sale of the shares by the selling stockholders.
The
selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that participate in the sale of the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters”
within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or profit they earn on any resale
of the shares may be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. If a selling stockholder is an “underwriter”
under the Securities Act, such selling stockholder will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
The
shares to be offered or resold by means of this reoffer prospectus by the selling stockholders may not exceed, during any three-month
period, the amount specified in Rule 144(e) under the Securities Act. In addition, any securities covered by this reoffer prospectus
which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 of the Securities Act rather than pursuant
to this reoffer prospectus.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The
validity of the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus will be passed upon by Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis,
PLLC.
EXPERTS
The
consolidated financial statements of Trio Petroleum Corp. incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 2) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025,
have been audited by Bush & Associates, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in Bush & Associates’
report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and has been so incorporated in reliance upon Bush & Associates’ report
given upon its authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The
validity of the shares of common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus will be passed upon by Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis,
PLLC.
INDEMNIFICATION
OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation limits our directors’ liability to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware
law, which prohibits our amended and restated certificate of incorporation from limiting the liability of our directors for the following:
| ● | any
breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; |
| ● | acts
or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation
of law; |
| ● | unlawful
payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; or |
| ● | any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. |
If
Delaware law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director, then the
liability of our directors will be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, as so amended.
Our
amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware
law and that we shall have the power to indemnify our employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by law. Our amended and restated
bylaws will also permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising
out of his or her actions in this capacity, regardless of whether we would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense,
liability or loss under Delaware law.
We
also entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to indemnification provided
for in our amended and restated bylaws. These agreements, among other things, provide for indemnification of our directors and executive
officers for expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by such persons in any action or proceeding arising out of this
person’s services as a director or executive officer or at our request. We believe that these provisions in our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified
persons as directors and executive officers.
The
above description of the limitation of liability and indemnification provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation,
our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to these
documents, each of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
The
limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also
reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us
and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against
directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant
to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers
as to which indemnification is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification
by any director or officer.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We
file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, each as may be amended from time to
time, with the SEC in order to meet our timely and continuous disclosure requirements. We may also file additional documents with the
SEC if they become necessary in the course of the Company’s operations. All such filings are available at the SEC Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the Public Reference
Room. Our filings are also available free of charge at the website of the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. A copy of any document incorporated
by reference into the registration statement of which this reoffer prospectus forms a part but which is not delivered with this reoffer
prospectus will be provided by us without charge to any person to whom this reoffer prospectus has been delivered upon oral or written
request to that person. Requests for such documents should be directed to our Corporate Secretary, c/o Trio Petroleum Corp., 5401 Business
Park South, Suite 115, Bakersfield, CA 93309, telephone number (661) 324-3911.
INCORPORATION
OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
Except
to the extent any information therein is deemed furnished and not filed pursuant to securities laws and regulations, the Company hereby
incorporates by reference into the registration statement of which this reoffer prospectus forms a part the following documents:
| ● | The
Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on January 17, 2025,
and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 2) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, filed with
the SEC on February 27, 2025; |
| ● | All
other reports filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), since the end of the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2024; and |
| ● | The
description of the Company’s securities contained in Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the SEC
on January 29, 2024, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating
such description. |
All
documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and all reports on Form 8-K subsequent
to the date hereof and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this reoffer prospectus
forms a part that indicates that all securities offered have been sold or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall
be deemed also to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part hereof from the dates of filing of such documents; provided,
however, that, to the extent any information therein is deemed furnished and not filed pursuant to securities laws and regulations,
such information shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded
for purposes of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part to the extent that a statement contained herein or in
any other subsequently filed document which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.
Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of the registration
statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
210,000
Shares
TRIO
PETROLEUM CORP.
Common
Stock
Reoffer
Prospectus
March
5, 2025
PART
II
INFORMATION
REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Item
3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
Except
to the extent any information therein is deemed furnished and not filed pursuant to securities laws and regulations, the Company hereby
incorporates by reference into this registration statement the following documents:
| ● | The
Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on January 17, 2025,
and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 2) for the fiscal
year ended October 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025; |
| ● | All
other reports filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), since the end of the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2024; and |
| ● | The
description of the Company’s securities contained in Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, filed with the SEC
on January 29, 2024, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating
such description. |
All
documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and all reports on Form 8-K subsequent
to the date hereof and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this registration statement that indicates that all securities
offered have been sold or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed also to be incorporated by reference
herein and to be a part hereof from the dates of filing of such documents; provided, however, that, to the extent any information
therein is deemed furnished and not filed pursuant to securities laws and regulations, such information shall not be deemed incorporated
by reference into this registration statement.
Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded
for purposes of this registration statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document
which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded
shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this registration statement.
Item
4. Description of Securities.
Not
applicable.
Item
5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.
The
consolidated financial statements of Trio Petroleum Corp. incorporated in this prospectus by reference from the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 2) for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 27,
2025, have been audited by Bush & Associates CPA LLC (“Bush & Associates”), an independent registered public accounting
firm, as stated in Bush & Associates’ report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and has been so incorporated in reliance
upon Bush & Associates’ report given upon its authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Item
6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section
102 of the Delaware General Corporate Law (“DGCL”) permits a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of directors
of a corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where
the director breached his duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law,
authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal
benefit. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that no director of the registrant shall be personally liable
to it or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any provision of law imposing
such liability, except to the extent that the DGCL prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of
fiduciary duty.
Section
145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or
a person serving at the request of the corporation for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise in
related capacities against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by the person in connection with an action, suit or proceeding to which he was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party
to any threatened, ending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of such position, if such person acted in good faith and
in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal action or proceeding,
had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of actions brought by or in the right of the corporation,
no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable
to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the
adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity
for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.
Our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will indemnify each person who was or is a party or threatened to
be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of us) by
reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve,
at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise (all such persons being referred to as an “Indemnitee”), or by reason of any action
alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and
amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom,
if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interests,
and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we will indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is a party to an action
or suit by or in the right of us to procure a judgment in our favor by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was, or has agreed
to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee
or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason
of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) and, to
the extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding,
and any appeal therefrom, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed
to, our best interests, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person
shall have been adjudged to be liable to us, unless a court determines that, despite such adjudication but in view of all of the circumstances,
he or she is entitled to indemnification of such expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Indemnitee has been
successful, on the merits or otherwise, he or she will be indemnified by us against all expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually
and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Expenses must be advanced to an Indemnitee under certain circumstances.
We
have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers. These indemnification agreements may require us,
among other things, to indemnify our directors and officers for some expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and
settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of his or her service as one of our directors
or officers, or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request.
We
maintain a general liability insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of our corporation arising out
of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.
The
above description of the limitation of liability and indemnification provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation,
our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to these
documents, each of which is filed as an exhibit to this registration statement.
The
limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also
reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us
and our stockholders. A stockholder’s investment may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against
directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant
to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed
in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. There is no pending litigation or proceeding naming any of our directors or officers
as to which indemnification is being sought, nor are we aware of any pending or threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification
by any director or officer.
Item
7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.
The
shares being registered pursuant to the reoffer prospectus included herein were issued to the selling stockholders in transactions exempt
from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, as transactions by an issuer not involving
a public offering. The selling stockholders represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a
view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and instruments
issued in such transactions. Such selling stockholders had adequate access, through the relationship with the registrant, to information
about the registrant.
Item
8. Exhibits.
Exhibit
No. |
|
Description |
3.1 |
|
Amended
& Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Trio Petroleum Corp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s
Amendment No. 4 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023). |
3.2 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Company’s Amendment No. 4 to Form
S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Common Stock Certificate evidencing the shares of Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form
S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
4.2 |
|
Senior
Secured Original Issue 7% Discount Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form
8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
4.3 |
|
Common
Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October
4, 2023). |
4.4 |
|
Placement
Agent Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October
4, 2023). |
4.5 |
|
Trio
Petroleum Corp. Senior Secured Original Issue 7% Discount Convertible Promissory Note with an original issuance date of January 2,
2024. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024). |
4.6 |
|
Trio
Petroleum Corp. Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated January 2, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s
Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024). |
4.7 |
|
Trio
Petroleum Corp. Placement Agent Warrant Agreement - Common Stock Purchase Warrant dated January 2, 2024. (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024). |
4.8 |
|
Trio
Petroleum Corp. Unsecured Subordinated Promissory Note in the principal amount of $125,000, with an issuance date of March 26, 2024
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 1, 2024). |
4.9 |
|
Promissory
Note in the principal amount of $211,500, with an issue date of March 27, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s
Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 8, 2024). |
4.10 |
|
Senior
Secured Convertible Promissory Note with an original issuance date of April 24, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of
the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2024). |
4.11 |
|
Amended
and Restated Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note with an original issuance date of April 16, 2024 and an amended and restated
note issuance date of April 24, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission
on April 25, 2024). |
4.12 |
|
Amendment No. 1 to Promissory Note, dated January 28, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2025). |
5.1* |
|
Opinion of Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis PLLC. |
10.1 |
|
Bid
Proposal and Daywork Drilling Contract – U.S., by and Between Trio Petroleum LLC and Ensign United States Drilling (California)
Inc., dated April 19, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with
the Commission on April 25. 2023), |
10.2 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed
with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.3† |
|
2022
Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission
on September 12, 2022). |
10.4† |
|
Employment
Agreement with Gregory L. Overholtzer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380),
filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022. |
10.5 |
|
Purchase
and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380),
filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.6 |
|
First
Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s
Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.7 |
|
Second
Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company’s
Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.8 |
|
Third
Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s
Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.9 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s
Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 5, 2023). |
10.10 |
|
Blue
Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed
with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.11 |
|
First
Amendment to Blue Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.12 |
|
Red
Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed
with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.13 |
|
First
Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.14 |
|
Second
Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.15 |
|
Third
Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022). |
10.16 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022. |
10.17 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Red Lease with Bradley Minerals (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Form S-1 (File No.
333-267380), filed with the Commission on September 12, 2022. |
10.18 |
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form
S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended). |
10.19 |
|
Convertible
Promissory Note (included in Exhibit 10.18). |
10.20 |
|
Warrant
Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.18). |
10.21 |
|
Security
Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.18). |
10.22 |
|
Registration
Rights Agreement with GenCap Fund I LLC (included in Exhibit 10.18). |
10.23 |
|
September
2022 Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1
(File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended). |
10.24 |
|
Original
Issue Discount Note (included in Exhibit 10.23). |
10.25 |
|
Pre-Funded
Warrant (included in Exhibit 10.23). |
10.26 |
|
Registration
Rights Agreement (included in Exhibit 10.23). |
10.27 |
|
Joint
Operating Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380),
filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended). |
10.28 |
|
December
2022 Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Company’s Amendment No. 5 to Form S-1 (File
No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on January 20, 2023, as amended). |
10.29 |
|
December
2022 Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of the Company’s Amendment No. 5 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380),
filed with the Commission on January 20, 2023, as amended). |
10.30 |
|
First
Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Company’s
Amendment No. 6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended). |
10.31 |
|
Second
Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Company’s
Amendment No. 7 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 28, 2023, as amended). |
10.32 |
|
Extension
Letter for Note Payable with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company’s Amendment No.
7 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 28, 2023, as amended). |
10.33 |
|
Third
Amendment to Convertible Promissory Note with GenCap Fund I LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Company’s
Amendment No. 8 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended). |
10.34 |
|
Second
Extension Letter for Note Payable with Trio Petroleum LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Company’s Amendment
No. 8 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended). |
10.35 |
|
Extension
Letter for Original Issue Discount Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the Company’s Amendment No. 8 to Form
S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on March 17, 2023, as amended). |
10.36† |
|
Form
of Employment Agreement with Stanford Eschner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6
to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended). |
10.37† |
|
Form
of Employment Agreement with Terence B. Eschner (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Company’s Amendment No.
6 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended). |
10.38† |
|
Form
of Employment Agreement with Steven Rowlee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Company’s Amendment No. 6 to
Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on February 6, 2023, as amended). |
10.39 |
|
Underwriting
Agreement, dated April 17, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission
on April 20, 2023). |
10.40 |
|
Security
Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.41 |
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.42 |
|
Mortgage,
Deed of Trust, Assignment of Production, Security Agreement and Financing Statement, dated as of October 4, 2023, from Trio Petroleum
Corp. to Fidelity National Corporation in trust for the benefit of the Investor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the
Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.43 |
|
Placement
Agent Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2023 by and between Spartan Capital Securities LLC and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.44 |
|
Registration
Rights Agreement, dated October 4, 2023, by and between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.5 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.45 |
|
Voting
Agreement entered into by the Company and Frank C. Ingriselli. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company’s
Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on October 4, 2023). |
10.46 |
|
Amendment
to Transaction Documents between the Investor and Trio Petroleum Corp., dated December 29, 2023. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 2, 2024). |
10.47 |
|
Leasehold
Acquisition and Development Agreement, dated November 10, 2023, entered into by and between Trio Petroleum Corp and Heavy Sweet Oil
LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 5, 2024). |
10.48 |
|
Amendment
to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Agreement, dated December 29, 2023, entered into by and between Trio Petroleum Corp and
Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January
5, 2024) |
10.49 |
|
Amended
and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the Investors signatory thereto, dated as of April 24, 2024 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2024). |
10.50 |
|
Amended
and Restated Security Agreement between the Company and the Secured Parties signatory thereto, dated as of April 24, 2024 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 25, 2024). |
10.51† |
|
Form
of Employment Agreement between the Company and Robin Ross, dated as of July 11, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2
of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 15, 2024). |
10.52 |
|
Form
of Consulting Agreement between the Company and Michael L. Peterson, dated as of July 21, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on July 15, 2024). |
10.53 |
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement between the Company and the Investor signatory thereto, dated as of March 27, 2024 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on April 8, 2024). |
10.54 |
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement between the Company and the Investor signatory thereto, dated as of August 1, 2024 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on August 5, 2024). |
10.55 |
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement between the Company and the Investor signatory thereto, dated as of August 6, 2024 (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on August 8, 2024). |
10.56 |
|
Second
Amendment to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Agreement, dated August 5, 2024, entered into by and between Trio Petroleum Corp
and Heavy Sweet Oil LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on
August 8, 2024). |
10.57† |
|
Form of Amendment No. 1 to Trio Petroleum Corp. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Company’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Commission on July 1, 2024). |
10.58 |
|
Media Advertising Agreement, dated September 9, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on September 12, 2024). |
10.59 |
|
Amendment No. 3 to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on September 27, 2024). |
10.60† |
|
Independent Contractor Agreement, dated as of January 1, 2025, between Trio Petroleum Corp. and Greg Overholtzer (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 8, 2025). |
10.61 |
|
Note Exchange Agreement, dated as of January 28, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 29, 2025). |
10.62 |
|
Amendment No. 5 to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280816), filed with the Commission on February 5, 2025). |
10.63 |
|
Amendment to NovaCor LOI, dated January 29, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Amendment No. 3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-280816), filed with the Commission on February 5, 2025). |
10.64 |
|
Amendment No. 4 to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on February 26, 2025). |
10.65 |
|
Amendment No. 5 to Leasehold Acquisition and Development Option Agreement, dated as of January 27, 2025. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on February 26, 2025). |
10.66 |
|
Consulting Agreement with Redwood Empire Financial Communications, LLC, dated January 1, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s Registration Statemen ton Form S-1 (File No. 333-280816), filed with the Commission on February 28, 2025). |
19.1 |
|
Insider Trading Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 19.1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on January 29, 2024). |
23.1* |
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |
23.2* |
|
Consent of Anthony, Linder & Cacomanolis, PLLC (included in Exhibit 5.1). |
23.3* |
|
Consent of KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC. |
24.1* |
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page). |
99.1 |
|
Reserves Attributable to Trio Petroleum Corp South Salinas Area for Development Plan Phases 1 and 2 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended). |
99.2 |
|
S. Salinas Area, Full Development Reserves Supplement to SEC Report Dated 1-28-2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of the Company’s Amendment No. 2 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-267380), filed with the Commission on November 18, 2022, as amended). |
99.3 |
|
Reserve Attributable to Trio Petroleum Corp. South Salinas Area for Phased and Full Development (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Form S-1 (File No. 333-280816), filed with the Commission on August 8, 2024, as amended). |
107* |
|
Filing Fee Table |
101.INS* |
|
Inline
XBRL Instance Document |
101.SCH* |
|
Inline
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
101.CAL* |
|
Inline
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
101.DEF* |
|
Inline
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
101.LAB* |
|
Inline
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
101.PRE* |
|
Inline
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
*
Filed herewith
†
Includes management contracts and compensation plans and arrangements
Item
9. Undertakings.
(a) |
The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes: |
|
(1) |
To
file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: |
(i)
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this Registration Statement (or the most recent
post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth
in this Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total
dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated
maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate,
the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation
of Registration Fee” table in the effective Registration Statement; and
(iii)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement
or any material change to such information in this Registration Statement; provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii)
of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained
in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that
are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.
|
(2) |
That,
for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
|
|
|
|
(3) |
To
remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering. |
(b) |
The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of
the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of
an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act), that is incorporated by reference
in this Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and
the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
|
|
(c) |
Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In
the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding)
is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will,
unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed
by the final adjudication of such issue. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all
the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Bakersfield, State of California, on March 5, 2025.
|
TRIO
PETROLEUM CORP. |
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/
Robin Ross |
|
|
Robin
Ross |
|
|
Chief
Executive Officer |
POWER
OF ATTORNEY
KNOW
ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Robin Ross his or her true
and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place
and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this Registration Statement
(any of which amendments may make such changes and additions to this Registration Statement as such attorneys-in-fact may deem necessary
or appropriate) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any other documents that may be required in connection therewith,
granted unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents
and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or
their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Robin Ross |
|
Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board |
|
March 5, 2025 |
Robin
Ross |
|
(principal
executive officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Gregory L. Overholtzer |
|
Chief
Financial Officer |
|
March 5, 2025 |
Gregory
L. Overholtzer |
|
(principal
financial officer and principal accounting officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Stanford Eschner |
|
Vice
Chairman and Director |
|
March 5, 2025 |
Stanford
Eschner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
William J. Hunter |
|
Director |
|
March 5, 2025 |
William
J. Hunter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
John Randall |
|
Director |
|
March 5, 2025 |
John
Randall |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Thomas J. Pernice |
|
Director |
|
March 5, 2025 |
Thomas
J. Pernice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
James H. Blake |
|
Director |
|
March 5, 2025 |
James
H. Blake |
|
|
|
|
Exhibit 5.1
ANTHONY, LINDER & CACOMANOLIS, PLLC
LAURA
ANTHONY, ESQ.
CRAIG
D. LINDER, ESQ.*
JOHN CACOMANOLIS, ESQ.**
Associates
and OF COUNSEL:
CHAD
FRIEND, ESQ., LLM
MICHAEL R. GEROE, ESQ., CIPP/US***
JESSICA
HAGGARD, ESQ. ****
christopher
t. hines *****
PETER
P. LINDLEY, ESQ., CPA, MBA
JOHN
LOWY, ESQ.******
STUART
REED, ESQ.
LAZARUS
ROTHSTEIN, ESQ.
SVETLANA
ROVENSKAYA, ESQ.*******
HARRIS TULCHIN, ESQ. ******** |
WWW.ALCLAW.COM
WWW.SECURITIESLAWBLOG.COM
DIRECT E-MAIL: LANTHONY@ALCLAW.COM
|
*licensed in CA, FL and NY
**licensed in FL and NY
***licensed in CA, DC, MO and NY
****licensed in Missouri
*****licensed in CA and DC
******licensed in NY and NJ
*******licensed in NY and NJ
********licensed in CA and HI (inactive in HI)
March 5, 2025
Trio Petroleum Corp.
5401 Business Park South, Suite 115
Bakersfield, CA 93309
Re: Registration Statement
on Form S-8
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as counsel for Trio Petroleum Corp.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration
Statement”), filed by the examined the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), on the date hereof relating to (i) 300,000 shares (the
“Plan Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), issuable pursuant
to the Trio Petroleum Corp. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as Amended by Amendment No. 1 (the “2022 Plan”); and (ii) the resale
of 210,000 restricted shares (the “Resale Shares” and together with the Plan Shares, the “Shares”) of
Common Stock previously granted, pursuant to written agreements , to the selling stockholders named in the Registration Statement.
In that connection, we have examined originals, or
copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate records and other instruments as we have deemed
necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion, including, without limitation: (a) the Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation of the Company; (b) the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company; (c) certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors
of the Company; and (d) the 2022 Plan.
In rendering our opinion, we have assumed the genuineness
of all signatures, the legal capacity and competency of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals
and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as duplicates or copies. As to all questions of fact
material to this opinion that have not been independently established, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers
and representatives of the Company.
Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and
subject to compliance with applicable state securities laws, we are of the opinion that (i) the Plan Shares, when and if issued pursuant
to the terms of the 2022 Plan will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and (ii) the Resale Shares will be, when sold in
the manner described in the Registration Statement, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
Our opinion expressed herein is limited to the internal
laws of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of the United States, and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other
law.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with
the Commission as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are within the category
of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated
thereunder.
|
Very truly yours, |
|
|
|
ANTHONY LINDER & CACOMANOLIS, PLLC |
|
|
|
/s/ Anthony Linder & Cacomanolis, PLLC |
1700 Palm
Beach Lakes Blvd., Suite 820 ● West Palm Beach, Florida ● 33401 ● PHONE: 561-514-0936 ● FAX 561-514-0832
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm
To
Whom It May Concern:
We
hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our report dated
January 17, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements appearing in the entity’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended October 31, 2024.
Very
truly yours,
/s/
Bush & Associates CPA LLC |
|
Bush
& Associates CPA LLC (PCAOB 6797) |
|
Henderson,
Nevada |
|
March
5, 2025 |
|
179
N. Gibson Rd., Henderson, NV 89014 ● 702.703.5979 ● www.bushandassociatescpas.com
Exhibit 23.3
CONSENT
OF KLS PETROLEUM CONSULTING LLC
We
hereby consent to (i) the use of the name KLS Petroleum Consulting LLC (“KLSP”), (ii) references to KLSP as an independent,
third-party, petroleum engineering firm, and (iii) the use of information from our report entitled “Reserves Attributable to Trio
Petroleum Corp South Salinas Area for Development Plan Phases 1 and 2,” (“Prior Reserve Report 1”) and the other entitled
“S. Salinas Area, Full Development Reserves Supplement to SEC Report Dated 1-28-2022,” (“Prior Reserve Report 2”)
both of which had an effective date of October 31, 2021. KLSP has provided an updated reserve report with an effective date of April
30, 2024, which is entitled “Reserves Attributable to Trio Petroleum Corp. South Salinas Area for Phased and Full Development”
(the “Current Reserve Report”), which is included as an exhibit filed on the date hereof with the Registration Statement
on Form S-8 of Trio Petroleum Corp. We further consent to the inclusion of each of the Prior Reserve Report 1, the Prior Reserve Report
2 and the Current Reserve Report as exhibits in the Registration Statement.
KLS
PETROLEUM CONSULTING LLC |
|
|
|
By: |
/s/
Kenneth L. Schuessler, P.E. |
|
Name: |
Kenneth
L. Schuessler, P.E. |
|
Title: |
Managing
Member |
|
March
5, 2025 |
|
Exhibit 107
CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLE
Form S-8
(Form Type)
Trio Petroleum Corp.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Security
Type |
|
Security Class Title |
|
Fee Calculation Rule |
|
Amount Registered (1) |
|
|
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share |
|
|
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price |
|
|
Fee Rate |
|
Amount of Registration Fee |
|
Equity |
|
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
Other (2) |
|
|
300,000 |
(3) |
|
$ |
1.19 |
(4) |
|
$ |
357,000.00 |
|
|
$153.10 per $1,000,000 of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price |
|
$ |
54.66 |
|
Equity |
|
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
|
Other (2) |
|
|
210,000 |
(5) |
|
|
1.19 |
(4) |
|
|
249,900.00 |
|
|
$153.10 per $1,000,000 of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price |
|
|
38.26 |
|
Total Offering Amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
606,900.00 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
92.92 |
|
Total Fee Offsets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
Net Fee Due |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
92.92 |
|
|
(1) |
Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement also covers any additional securities that may from time to time be offered or issued in respect of the securities registered by this registration statement as a result of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction. |
|
(2) |
Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h). |
|
(3) |
Represents shares of the issuer’s common stock issuable pursuant to the issuer’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance thereunder, which amendment was approved by the issuer’s stockholders on August 15, 2024. |
|
(4) |
Estimated
solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h) under the Securities Act. Based
on the average of the high ($1.32) and low ($1.06) sale prices of the common stock, as reported on NYSE American on
March 4, 2025, which date is within five business days prior to filing this registration statement. |
|
(5) |
Represents shares of the issuer’s common stock issued prior to the filing of this registration statement and held by the selling stockholders named in this registration statement in connection with such selling stockholders’ provision of services to the issuer. |
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