Prospectus Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) (424b3)

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-259731

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NO. 2

(To the Prospectus dated May 19, 2022)

Up to 64,020,756 Shares of Common Stock

Up to 13,824,992 Shares of Common Stock Issuable Upon Exercise of Warrants

Up to 5,200,000 Warrants to Purchase Common Stock

This prospectus supplement supplements the prospectus, dated May 19, 2022 (the “Prospectus”), which forms a part of our registration statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-259731). This prospectus supplement is being filed to update and supplement the information in the Prospectus with certain information contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2022 (the “Quarterly Report”). Accordingly, we have attached the Quarterly Report to this prospectus supplement.

The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement relate to the issuance by us of an aggregate of up to 13,824,992 shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “common stock”), which consists of (i) up to 5,200,000 shares of common stock that are issuable upon the exercise of 5,200,000 warrants (the “Private Warrants”) originally issued in a private placement to LGL Systems Acquisition Holding Company, LLC (the “Sponsor”) in connection with the initial public offering of LGL Systems Acquisition Corp. (“LGL”) and (ii) up to 8,624,992 shares of common stock that are issuable upon the exercise of 8,624,992 warrants (the “Public Warrants” and, together with the Private Warrants, the “Warrants”) originally issued in the initial public offering of LGL.

The Prospectus and this prospectus supplement also relate to the offer and sale from time to time by the selling securityholders named in the Prospectus or their permitted transferees (the “selling securityholders”) of (i) up to 64,020,756 shares of common stock consisting of (a) up to 12,500,000 shares of common stock issued in a private placement pursuant to subscription agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) entered into on March 15, 2021, (b) up to 2,904,375 shares of common stock issued in a private placement to the Sponsor in connection with the initial public offering of LGL (the “Founder Shares”), (c) up to 5,200,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Warrants and (d) up to 43,416,381 shares of common stock (including up to 81,412 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to outstanding options, 7,465,923 shares of common stock issuable in connection with the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units, and 560,703 shares of common stock that were issued as Earnout Shares on September 17, 2021) pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 26, 2021, between us and the selling securityholders granting such holders registration rights with respect to such shares and (ii) up to 5,200,000 Private Warrants.

The common stock and Warrants are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbols “IRNT” and “IRNT.WS,” respectively. On June 14, 2022, the last reported sales price of our common stock on NYSE was $2.55 per share and the last reported sales price of our Warrants was $0.4199 per warrant.

This prospectus supplement should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto, which is to be delivered with this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement is qualified by reference to the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto, except to the extent that the information in this prospectus supplement updates and supersedes the information contained therein.

This prospectus supplement is not complete without, and may not be delivered or utilized except in connection with, the Prospectus, including any amendments or supplements thereto.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements. The Prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described in the section titled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 of the Prospectus and under similar headings in any amendments or supplements to the Prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus supplement or the Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus Supplement dated June 14, 2022

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-39125

IronNet, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		83-4599446
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

7900 Tysons One Place, Suite 400
McLean, VA		22102
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (443) 300-6761

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	IRNT	The New York Stock Exchange
Warrants to purchase common stock	IRNT.WS	The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated Filer	☒
Smaller reporting company	☒	Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 101,146,144 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding as of June 14, 2022.

IronNet, Inc.

Table of Contents

FORM 10‑Q


		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION		2
Item 1. Financial Statements		2
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		2
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations		3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss		4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity		5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		6
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		15
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		23
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		24
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION		24
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		25
Item 1A. Risk Factors		25
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		30
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities		30
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		30
Item 5. Other Information		30
Item 6. Exhibits		31
SIGNATURES		32

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

IronNet, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ and share data in thousands, except par value per share)

(unaudited)


	April 30,			January 31,
	2022			2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	31,390		$	47,673
Accounts receivable		10,213			1,991
Unbilled receivables		1,198			4,637
Related party receivables and loan receivables		3,233			3,233
Accounts, related party and loans receivable		14,644			9,861
Inventory		5,416			4,581
Deferred costs		2,349			2,599
Prepaid warranty		1,138			829
Prepaid expenses		3,130			3,660
Other current assets		2,081			1,458
Total current assets	$	60,148		$	70,661
Deferred costs		3,838			3,243
Property and equipment, net		6,077			5,606
Prepaid warranty		1,294			1,229
Deposits and other assets		2,811			493
Total assets	$	74,168		$	81,232

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,687		$	2,348
Accrued expenses		12,633			4,709
Deferred revenue		19,680			16,049
Deferred rent		-			159
Income tax payable		523			542
Other current liabilities		1,651			689
Total current liabilities		36,174			24,496
Deferred rent		-			769
Deferred revenue		18,851			17,517
Warrants		7			7
Other long-term liabilities		2,505			-
Total liabilities	$	57,537		$	42,789
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock; $0.0001 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; 100,426 and 88,876 shares issued and outstanding at April 30, 2022 and January 31, 2022, respectively		10			9
Additional paid-in capital		467,296			455,849
Accumulated other comprehensive income		179			271
Accumulated deficit		(450,854	)		(417,686	)
Total stockholders’ equity		16,631			38,443
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	74,168		$	81,232

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

IronNet, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

($ in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
Product, subscription and support revenue	$	6,443		$	6,137
Professional services revenue		245			240
Total revenue		6,688			6,377
Cost of product, subscription and support revenue		2,330			1,754
Cost of professional services revenue		165			184
Total cost of revenue		2,495			1,938
Gross profit		4,193			4,439
Operating expenses
Research and development		10,727			6,891
Sales and marketing		10,667			7,149
General and administrative		15,586			5,720
Total operating expenses		36,980			19,760
Operating loss		(32,787	)		(15,321	)
Other income		10			8
Other expense		(380	)		(129	)
Loss before income taxes		(33,157	)		(15,442	)
Provision for income taxes		(11	)		(58	)
Net loss	$	(33,168	)	$	(15,500	)

Basic and diluted net loss per common share		(0.33	)		(0.23	)
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted		99,305			67,182

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

IronNet, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

($ in thousands) (unaudited)


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
Net loss	$	(33,168	)	$	(15,500	)
Foreign currency translations adjustment, net of tax		(92	)		(2	)
Comprehensive loss	$	(33,260	)	$	(15,502	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

IronNet, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 and 2021

($ in thousands, number of common stock in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Common Stock					Additional Paid- In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Subscription Notes Receivable			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Shares			Amount
Balance at January 31, 2022		88,876		$	9	$	455,849		$	(417,686	)	$	271			-		$	38,443
Exercise of stock options and delivery of vested restricted stock units		11,565			1		92			-			-			-			93
Statutory tax withholding related to net-share settlement of restricted stock units		(15	)	-			(91	)		-			-			-			(91	)
Stock-based compensation		-			-		11,446			-			-			-			11,446
Net loss		-			-		-			(33,168	)		-			-			(33,168	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0		-			-		-			-			(92	)	-				(92	)
Balance at April 30, 2022		100,426		$	10	$	467,296		$	(450,854	)	$	179		-			$	16,631

Balance at January 31, 2021 as recasted (1)		66,934		$	7	$	180,853		$	(175,039	)	$	40		$	(835	)	$	5,026
Issuance of common stock		414			-		209			-			-			-			209
Interest earned on subscription notes receivable		-			-		4			-			-			(4	)		-
Payments on subscription notes receivable		-			-		-			-			-			62			62
Stock-based compensation		-			-		17			-			-			-			17
Net loss		-			-		-			(15,500	)		-			-			(15,500	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax of $0		-			-		-			-			(2	)		-			2
Balance at April 30, 2021		67,348		$	7	$	181,083		$	(190,539	)	$	38		$	(777	)	$	(10,189	)

(1) The shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, prior to the Merger, have been recast as shares of Common Stock reflecting the exchange ratio established in the Merger of approximately 0.8141070 as further discussed in Footnote 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

IronNet, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

($ in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(33,168	)	$	(15,500	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		628			224
Gain on sale of fixed assets		(3	)		-
Employee stock based compensation		11,446			17
Non-cash interest expense		90			-
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts, related party, and loans receivable		(4,783	)		231
Deferred costs		(346	)		(929	)
Inventories		(835	)		83
Prepaid expenses		529			(687	)
Other current assets		265		-
Prepaid warranty		(373	)		201
Deposits and other assets		382			(44	)
Accounts payable		(661	)		1,355
Accrued expenses		(50	)		728
Income tax payable		(19	)		58
Other current liabilities		99
Deferred rent	-				(33	)
Deferred revenue		4,965			2,184
Other long-term liabilities		(350	)		-
Net cash used in operating activities		(22,184	)		(12,112	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(912	)		(741	)
Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets		2			-
Net cash used in investing activities		(910	)		(741	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units		93			209
Statutory tax withholding related to net-share settlement of restricted stock units		(91	)	-
Cash received to fund employee's tax obligation for vested RSUs		17,909		-
Cash remitted to fund employee's tax obligation for vested RSUs		(9,066	)	-
Payment of commitment fee		(1,750	)	-
Payment of common stock issuance costs		(96	)	-
Payment of finance lease obligations		(96	)	-
Proceeds from stock subscriptions	-				62
Net cash provided by financing activities		6,903			271
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(92	)		11
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(16,283	)		(12,570	)
Cash and cash equivalents
Beginning of the period		47,673			31,543
End of the period	$	31,390		$	18,973
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities
Payments on subscription notes receivable	-				62
Interest earned on subscription notes receivable	-				4

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

IronNet, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(shares and dollars in thousands, unless stated otherwise)

Organization and Summary of Changes in Significant Accounting Policies

IronNet, Inc., formerly known as LGL Systems Acquisition Corporation (“Legacy LGL”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 30, 2019 for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.

On March 15, 2021, Legacy LGL entered into an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger (“Merger Agreement”), as amended on August 6, 2021, by and among Legacy LGL, LGL Systems Merger Sub Inc. (the “Merger Sub”) and IronNet Cybersecurity, Inc. (“Legacy IronNet”). On August 26, 2021, the Merger Agreement was consummated and the Merger was completed (the “Merger”). In connection with the Merger, Legacy LGL changed its name to IronNet, Inc., and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) ticker symbols for its Class A common stock and warrants were changed to “IRNT” and “IRNT.WS” respectively.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, Legacy LGL has been treated as the acquired company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on Legacy IronNet's existing stockholders being the majority stockholders and holding majority voting power in the combined company, Legacy IronNet's senior management comprising the majority of the senior management of the combined company, and Legacy IronNet's ongoing operations comprising the ongoing operations of the combined company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of Legacy IronNet issuing shares for the net assets of Legacy LGL, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Legacy LGL were recognized at fair value (which was consistent with carrying value), with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. As a result of Legacy IronNet being the accounting acquirer in the Merger, the financial reports filed with the SEC by the Company subsequent to the Merger are prepared as if Legacy IronNet is the accounting predecessor of the Company. The historical operations of Legacy IronNet are deemed to be those of the Company. Thus, the financial statements included in this report reflect (i) the historical operating results of Legacy IronNet prior to the Merger; (ii) the consolidated results of the Company, following the Merger on August 26, 2021; (iii) the assets and liabilities of Legacy IronNet at their historical cost; and (iv) the Company’s equity structure for all periods presented. The recapitalization of the number of shares of common stock is reflected retroactively to the earliest period presented based on the exchange ratio established in the Merger and will be utilized for calculating loss per share in all prior periods presented. The exchange ratio in the Merger was 0.8141070 of a share of Company common stock per fully-diluted share of Legacy IronNet common stock.

Throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted, "we," "us," "our," "IronNet," the "Company," and similar terms refer to Legacy IronNet and its subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Merger, and IronNet, Inc. and our subsidiaries after the Merger.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting. The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements of IronNet, Inc. and accompanying notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2022. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The Company’s fiscal year ends on January 31. References to fiscal 2023, for example, refer to the fiscal year ending January 31, 2023. The results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending January 31, 2023 or any future period.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments (except as otherwise noted), necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of April 30, 2022, its results of operations for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, changes in stockholders’ equity for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, and cash flows for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the period of benefit for deferred commissions, the useful life of property and equipment, stock-based compensation expense, fair value of warrants, and income taxes. If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which the financial statements are based change in future periods, actual amounts may differ from those included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Liquidity

As of April 30, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $31,390 and collectable receivables of $14,644 and no debt. The Company has also secured an equity line with Tumim Stone Capital, LLC, under which the Company may sell shares of its common stock for proceeds of up to $175,000, subject to various conditions and limitations set forth in the purchase agreement with Tumim, which amounts may be available to the Company to fund future operations in the absence of any material adverse conditions. The Company, based on its cash on hand and its financial forecast, as well as plans which could be executed to moderate internal and external expenditures as needed, has concluded that it has sufficient liquidity to fund its planned operations for a period of at least 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements. The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to the rate of our growth, its ability to attract and retain customers and their willingness and ability to pay for the Company's products and services, and the timing and extent of spending to support its multiple and ongoing efforts to market and continue to develop its products. Further, the Company may enter into future arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, strategic partnerships, and technologies. As such, the Company may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, the Company may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to it or at all. If additional funds are not available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might become necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326). This standard requires a new method for recognizing credit losses that is referred to as the current expected credit loss

(“CECL”) method. The CECL method requires the recognition of all losses expected over the life of a financial instrument upon origination or purchase of the instrument, unless the Company elects to recognize such instruments at fair value with changes in profit and loss (the fair value option). This standard is effective for the Company for the earlier of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 or the time at which the Company no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company ("EGC") under SEC rules. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on its financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncement Adopted in Fiscal 2023

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“Topic 842”), which outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model that supersedes the previous lease guidance. The guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) - Targeted Improvements, which provides the option of an additional transition method that allows entities to initially apply the new lease guidance at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company adopted the standard on February 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective basis. Using the modified retrospective approach, the Company determined an incremental borrowing rate at the date of adoption based on the total lease term and total minimum rental payments.

The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. The Company elected the package of practical expedients which permits the Company to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) any initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the effective date. The Company also elected the practical expedient to use hindsight when determining the lease term, and the practical expedient lease considerations to not allocate lease considerations between lease and non-lease components for real estate leases. As such, real estate lease considerations are treated as a single lease-component and accounted for accordingly. The Company excludes leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the application of Topic 842.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of $974 and $2,654 of current operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities, respectively, and $2,685 in corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets on that date. The difference between the approximate value of the ROU lease assets and lease liabilities is attributable to deferred rent, which is comprised of tenant improvement allowance and rent abatement. The adoption of the new standard also resulted in recording $187 in current finance lease liabilities and $182 in corresponding ROU assets for finance leases as of the adoption date. The difference between the finance lease ROU lease assets and lease liabilities is not significant. The cumulative change in the beginning accumulated deficit was $0.02 million due to the adoption of Topic 842 and there was no material impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company’s comparative periods continue to be presented and disclosed in accordance with legacy guidance in Topic 840. Refer to Note 8 for additional information.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. ASU 2020-06 is applicable for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 or the time at which the Company no longer qualifies as an EGC, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected to early adopt this ASU as of February 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 had an immaterial impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the three-month period ended April 30, 2022.

Segment and Geographic Information

Segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company operates as one operating segment.

The following table presents revenue by geographic location:


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021
United States	$	6,109	$	5,462
International		579		915
Total	$	6,688	$	6,377

Substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States.

2. Revenue

Software, Subscription and Support Revenue

The Company sells a collective defense software solution that provides a near real time collective defense infrastructure that is comprised of two product offerings, IronDefense and IronDome. The software platform is delivered through both on-premises licenses bundled with on-premises hardware and through subscription software.

Our security appliance deliverables include proprietary operating system software and hardware together with regular threat intelligence updates and support, maintenance, and warranty. We combine intelligence dependent hardware and software licenses with the related threat intelligence and support and maintenance as a single performance obligation, as it delivers the essential functionality of our cybersecurity solution. As a result, we recognize revenue for this single performance obligation ratably over the expected term with the customer. Judgment is required for the assessment of material rights relating to renewal options associated with our contracts.

Revenue from subscriptions, which allow customers to use our security software over a contracted period without taking possession of the software, and managed services, where we provide managed detection and response services for customers, is recognized over the contractual term. The cloud- based subscription revenue, where we also provide hosting, recognized for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 was $5,215 and $4,014, respectively. Overall software, subscription, and support revenue recognized for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, were $6,443 and $6,137, respectively.

Professional Services Revenue

The Company sells professional services, including cyber operations monitoring, security, training and tailored maturity assessments. Revenue derived from these services is recognized as the services are delivered.

Customer Concentration

For the three months ended April 30, 2022, two customers accounted for 22% or $1,463 of the Company's revenue, and for the three months ended April 30, 2021, three customers accounted for 32%, or $2,045, of the Company’s revenue. Two customers represented 48% and 49% of the total accounts receivable balance as of April 30, 2022 and January 31, 2022, respectively.

Significant customers are those which represent at least 10% of the Company’s total revenue for a period. The following table presents customers that represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue in the respective periods:


	For the Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
Customer A	*				12	%
Customer B	*				10	%
Customer C		11	%		10	%
Customer D		11	%	*
		22	%		32	%

* - less than 10%

Deferred Costs

Deferred costs consists of deferred contract fulfillment costs and deferred commissions. The Company defers contract fulfillment costs that include appliance hardware. The balances in deferred costs are as follows:


Balance at February 1, 2021	$	2,805
Amounts recognized in cost of revenue		(388	)
Costs deferred		229
Balance at April 30, 2021	$	2,646

Balance at February 1, 2022	$	4,604
Amounts recognized in cost of revenue		(610	)
Costs deferred		100
Balance at April 30, 2022	$	4,094

The balance of deferred commissions at April 30, 2022 and January 31, 2022 were $2,093 and $1,238, respectively. Deferred commissions are included in the deferred costs on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which $728 is current and $1,365 is long-term as of April 30, 2022.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue represents amounts received from and/or billed to customers in excess of revenue recognized. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The balance in deferred revenue is as follows:


Balance at February 1, 2021	$	34,044
Revenue recognized		(5,143	)
Amounts deferred		7,480
Foreign exchange		(151	)
Balance at April 30, 2021	$	36,230

Balance at February 1, 2022	$	33,566
Revenue recognized		(6,680	)
Amounts deferred		11,645
Balance at April 30, 2022	$	38,531

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of April 30, 2022, the remaining performance obligations totaled $48,527. The Company’s future recognition of revenue will be as follows:


Years Ending January 31,
2023 (9 months)	$	18,540
2024		16,505
2025		10,806
2026		2,676
	$	48,527

3. Equity

Common Stock

As of April 30, 2022, the Company had 500,000 shares of common stock authorized and 100,426 shares of common stock issued and outstanding with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

Each share of Common Stock has 1 vote.

Common Stock Purchase Agreement

On February 11, 2022, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Tumim Stone Capital, LLC (“Tumim”), pursuant to which Tumim has committed to purchase up to $175,000 of common stock (the “Total Commitment”), at the Company's direction from time to time, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions in the Purchase Agreement. Also on February 11, 2022, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with Tumim (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC a registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act (the “ELOC Registration Statement”), the shares of common stock that may be issued to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. The SEC declared the ELOC Registration Statement effective on March 17, 2022.

The sales of common stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, if any, are subject to certain limitations and may occur, from time to time at the Company's sole discretion, over the approximately 36-month period commencing upon the initial satisfaction of all conditions to Tumim’s purchase obligations set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement Date”).

From and after the Commencement Date, the Company has the right, but not the obligation from time to time to direct Tumim to purchase amounts of common stock, subject to certain limitations in the Purchase Agreement, specified in purchase notices that will be delivered to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement (each such purchase, a “Purchase”). Shares of common stock will be issued from the Company to Tumim at either a (i) 3% discount to the average daily volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) of the common stock during the three consecutive trading days from the date that a purchase notice with respect to a particular purchase (a “VWAP Purchase Notice”) is delivered from the Company to Tumim (a “Forward VWAP Purchase”), or (ii) 5% discount to the lowest daily VWAP during the three consecutive trading days from the date that a VWAP Purchase Notice with respect to a particular purchase is delivered from the Company to Tumim (an “Alternative VWAP Purchase”). There is no upper limit on the price per share that Tumim could be obligated to pay for the common stock under the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of common stock to be sold in a Purchase will be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, at the time the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement were signed, the Company paid a cash fee of $1,750, or 1% of the Total Commitment, to Tumim as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of the Company's common stock under the Purchase Agreement. The cash paid related to the Commitment Fee was recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as a financing activity. This fee will be recognized over the period of the agreement as a component of other expense and a corresponding reduction to additional paid in capital.

As of April 30, 2022, there have been no purchases of common stock under the Purchase Agreement.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 100,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s Board of Directors. At April 30, 2022, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Public Warrants

Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares at a price of $11.50 per share. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. The Public Warrants became exercisable in September 2021 and expire in September 2026 or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

•

in whole and not in part;

•

at a price of $0.01 per warrant;

•

upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; and

•

if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the Company’s common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like and subject to adjustment as described below) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third business day prior to the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement.

As of April 30, 2022, the Company had 8,596 Public Warrants outstanding and not exercised.

4. Stock Incentive Plan

Legacy IronNet’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved Legacy IronNet’s 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) on September 29, 2014, and on October 17, 2014, respectively. The 2014 Plan was periodically amended, most recently on June 7, 2019. The 2014 Plan permitted the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs"), non-qualified stock options (“NSOs"), stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs"), and other stock-based awards. ISOs were only able to be granted to Legacy IronNet’s employees and to Legacy IronNet’s subsidiary corporations’ employees. All other awards could be granted to employees, directors and consultants of Legacy IronNet and to any of Legacy IronNet’s parent or subsidiary corporation’s employees or consultants. As of August 26, 2021, the closing date of the Merger, no additional awards will be granted under the 2014 Plan. The terms of the 2014 Plan will continue to govern the terms of outstanding equity awards that were granted prior to the closing date.

On August 26, 2021, per the Merger Agreement, the outstanding Legacy IronNet ISO and RSU grants issued under the 2014 Plan were converted to their post-transaction equivalents based on the conversion ratio, totaling 18,972 shares in the Company when exercised or converted.

The 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) was approved by Legacy LGL’s board of directors and by its stockholders on August 26, 2021. Under the 2021 Plan, upon its effectiveness, the Company was able to grant ISOs, RSUs and other equity securities to acquire, to convert into, or to receive up to 13,500 shares of common stock. The terms of the 2021 Plan include an evergreen provision that provides for an automatic share increase on February 1 of each year, in an amount equal to 5.0% of the sum of (a) the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on January 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year, plus (b) the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan as of January 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year, but which have not yet been issued. In accordance with the evergreen provision, on February 1, 2022, the number of shares that can be issued under the 2021 Plan increased by 4,934 shares, with a new limit following the increase of 18,434 shares.

As of April 30, 2022, 8,028 shares remained available to issue under the 2021 Plan.

All awards under the 2014 Plan and the 2021 Plan (together, the “Stock Incentive Plans”) normally vest over a forty-eight month period, some of which have a first year cliff vest for the first 25% of their vesting, during which time no vesting occurs. In limited cases, vesting as short as twelve months with no cliff, vesting based on performance criteria and acceleration under certain events have also been permitted; however, such exceptions apply to less than 20% of the shares underlying awards currently outstanding under the Stock Incentive Plans.

Stock Options

The exercise price of each ISO granted under the Stock Incentive Plans may not be less than the fair market value per share of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The Board of Directors establishes the term and the vesting of all options issued under the Stock Incentive Plans; however, in no event will the term exceed ten years.

Presented below is a summary of stock options under the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan, as no stock options have been granted under the 2021 Plan:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Intrinsic Value of Outstanding Options
Outstanding at February 1, 2022		1,317		$	0.55		4.9	$	3,773
Granted	-			-		-		-
Exercised		(291	)		0.50		4.6		635
Forfeited or expired		(1	)		0.54		5.4	-
Outstanding at April 30, 2022		1,025		$	0.56		4.7	$	2,174
Exercisable at April 30, 2022		1,025		$	0.56		4.7	$	2,174

For the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded an insignificant amount and $17 of compensation cost related to stock options, respectively. The fair value of the shares under stock options granted that vested, net of forfeitures, during the three month periods ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 totaled $(635) and $(2,951), respectively, primarily as a result of the forfeitures recognized during the periods exceeding previous estimates.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted. The Black-Scholes model takes into account the fair value of an ordinary share and the contractual and expected term of the stock option, expected volatility, dividend yield, and risk-free interest rate. Prior to becoming a public company, the fair value of the Company’s common stock was determined utilizing an external third-party pricing specialist.

Restricted Stock Units

In addition to the applicable time or performance-based vesting criteria, the RSUs granted under the 2014 Plan contained an additional vesting requirement that required the occurrence of a liquidity event. On August 26, 2021, the date of the Merger, the Board of Directors resolved that the Merger constituted a liquidity event, which triggered the liquidity event criteria for vesting under then outstanding RSU awards.

Presented below is a summary of the status of outstanding RSUs:


	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at February 1, 2022		10,310		$	9.57
Granted		6,908		3.82
Vested		(1,806	)	11.54
Forfeited or expired		(463	)	9.18
Non-vested at April 30, 2022		14,949		$	6.04

For the three months ended April 30, 2022, the Company recorded $11,441 of stock-based compensation expense, net of actual forfeitures, related to RSUs, of which $8,588 is associated with RSUs on a graded vesting schedule and $2,853 is associated with RSUs on a straight-line vesting schedule. No stock-based compensation was recognized associated with RSUs in the three months ended April 30, 2021.

Subsequent to the closing of the Merger, the fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant or any further modification.

Stock compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2014 Plan, which contain both service and performance conditions, is recognized on a graded-scale basis, recognizing expense over the respective vesting period for each tranche of shares under each award granted. Stock compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan have only service vesting conditions and expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis for all RSU awards with only service conditions. In the event that an RSU holder is terminated before the award is fully vested for RSUs granted under either Plan, the full amount of the unvested portion of the award will be recognized as a forfeiture in the period of termination.

The Company's default tax withholding method for RSUs is the sell-to-cover method, under which shares with a market value equivalent to the tax withholding obligation are sold on behalf of the holder of the RSUs upon vesting and settlement to cover the tax withholding liability and the cash proceeds from such sales are then remitted by the Company to taxing authorities.

As of April 30, 2022, there was $57,215 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs without performance obligations. The weighted average remaining vesting period was 3.38 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP")

In August 2021, Legacy LGL’s Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the ESPP. The ESPP became effective immediately upon the Closing of the Merger.

The purpose of the ESPP is to provide a means by which our eligible employees and certain designated companies may be given an opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock, to assist us in retaining the services of eligible employees, to secure and retain the services of new employees and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for our success.

The Plan includes two components: a 423 Component and a Non-423 Component. We intend that the 423 Component will qualify as options issued under an “employee stock purchase plan” as that term is defined in Section 423(b) of the Code. Except as otherwise provided in the ESPP or determined by our board of directors, the Non-423 Component will operate and be administered in the same manner as the 423 Component.

The ESPP contains an evergreen provision that provides for an automatic annual share increase on February 1 of each year, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on January 31st of the preceding fiscal year, and (ii) 2,000 shares of Common Stock. In accordance with the evergreen provision, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP increased by 889 shares on February 1, 2022, Inclusive of the prior limit of 2,700 shares, the new limit following the increase was 3,589 shares.

As of April 30, 2022, there were no purchases of shares for any eligible employee.

5. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction or paid to settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards utilize a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels, which are described below:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

These levels are not necessarily an indication of the risk of liquidity associated with the financial assets or liabilities disclosed. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement, as required under ASC 820-10 “Fair Value Measurement.”

The Company’s Private Warrants have similar terms and are subject to substantially the same redemption features as the Public Warrants, as the transfer of a Private Warrant to anyone who is not a permitted transferee would result in the Private Warrant being converted to a Public Warrant. The Company determined that the fair value of each Private Warrant is equivalent to that of a Public Warrant. There have been observable transactions in the Company's Public Warrants and the Public Warrants had adequate trading volume between independent investors on the public market to provide a reliable indication of value. As of April 30, 2022, the fair value of the Private Warrants was equal to that of the Public Warrants as they had substantially the same terms. However, as they are not actively traded, they are listed as a Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy table below.

Investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered cash equivalents, while all other investments are classified as short-term or long-term based on their maturities and their availability for use in current operations.

The following table presents our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	April 30, 2022								January 31, 2022
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	102	$	—	$	—	$	102	$	102	$	—	$	—	$	102
Warrants		—		7		—		7		—		7		—		7
Total assets	$	102	$	7	$	—	$	109	$	102	$	7	$	—	$	109

6. Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:


	April 30,		January 31,
	2022		2022
Accrued expenses	$	1,979	$	2,438
Taxes payable on behalf of employees related to vested RSUs		7,885	-
Unvouched payables		2,769		2,271
	$	12,633	$	4,709

The increase in accrued expenses is primarily comprised of the cash proceeds from the sale of shares on behalf of the holders of vested RSUs to cover the associated tax withholding liability under the sell-to-cover method, which will be remitted by the Company to the appropriate taxing authorities.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may become defendants in certain shareholder claims and other litigation. The Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. To date, no such liability has been recorded.

8. Leases

The Company leases certain office space and equipment and determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. ROU assets for operating leases are included in the deposits and other assets caption and ROU assets associated with finance leases are included within the property and equipment, net caption of the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The current portions of operating and finance lease liabilities are included in the other current liabilities caption and the long-term portion of operating lease liabilities is presented in the other long-term liabilities payable caption of the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. The ROU asset is adjusted for any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. If the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company uses quoted interest rates obtained from financial institutions as an input to derive its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for the lease. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet, and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For lease agreements entered into or reassessed after the adoption of Topic 842, the Company combines lease and non-lease components.

The Company leases office space under the terms of noncancelable operating leases that expire at various dates through November 2026. Certain operating lease agreements provide for an annual 2.75% escalation of the base rent. The Company is also responsible for operating expenses, which are classified as variable lease costs. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, typically at the Company’s own discretion. Renewal options are regularly evaluated and the renewal period will be included in the lease term when exercise of the renewal option is considered reasonably certain. There are not active leases that have a renewal option that is reasonably certain of being exercised.

The Company holds leases that include both lease (e.g., payments including rent, taxes, and insurance costs) and non-lease components (e.g., common-area or other maintenance costs). As the Company has elected the practical expedient to group lease and non-lease components for all leases, these are accounted for as a single lease component. The Company's leases do not include any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lease expense for both operating and finance leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Interest expense incurred on finance lease liabilities is calculated using the effective interest method and is recorded in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement to lease certain computer and technology equipment, which has not commenced. The Company does not have control over the construction or design of these assets.

The lease balances are located in the following positions on the condensed consolidated balance sheet:


	Balance Sheet Location	April 30, 2022
Assets
Operating	Deposits and other assets	$	2,385
Financing	Property and equipment, net		159

Liabilities
Current
Operating	Other current liabilities	$	755
Financing	Other current liabilities		92
Non-current
Operating	Other long-term liabilities		2,506
Financing			-

Total lease costs for the three months ended April 30, 2022 were:


Operating lease cost	$	341
Short-term lease cost		542
Variable lease cost		46
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		23
Interest on lease liabilities		1
Total finance lease cost	$	24

The following table summarizes future scheduled lease payments as of April 30, 2022:


	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Remaining nine months of fiscal 2023	$	745		$	—
2024		755			96
2025		775			-
2026		797			-
2027		658			-
Total		3,730			96
Less: Imputed Interest		(469	)		(4	)
Present value of net lease payments	$	3,261		$	92

Lease liability, current portion	$	755		$	92
Lease liability, net of current portion		2,506			-
Total lease liability	$	3,261		$	92

Supplemental information and non-cash activities related to operating and finance leases are as follows:


Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	416
Operating cash flows from finance leases		1
Financing cash flows from finance leases		96
	$	513
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases		4.33
Finance leases		1.75
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases		6.25
Finance leases	5.67

Disclosures Related to Periods Prior to Adoption of the New Lease Standard

The Company recorded rent expense of $295 for the three months ended April 30, 2021.

The minimum aggregate future obligations under noncancelable operating leases as of January 31, 2022 were as follows:


Year ending January 31,
2023	$	1,025
2024		755
2025		775
2026		797
2027		658
	$	4,010

As the Company did not hold finance leases as of January 31, 2022, there were no future minimum lease payments under finance leases at that time.

9. Income Taxes

The income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate as adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. The effective income tax rate was (0.1)% and (0.4)% for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the full valuation allowances on the Company’s net domestic deferred tax assets and impact of foreign tax rate differential.

10. Related Party Transactions

Product, subscription and support revenue from Related Parties

Certain investors and companies who the Company is affiliated with purchased software, subscription and support revenue during the periods presented. The Company recognized $527 and $436 of revenue from contracts with related parties for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The corresponding receivable was $3,233 as of each of April 30, 2022 and January 31, 2022.

11. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss per common share

The Company computes basic earnings per share (EPS) by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted EPS reflects the effect of potential shares that would be issued if stock option awards, RSUs, warrants, and preferred shares, to the extent issued, were converted into common stock, to the extent dilutive.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders:


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
Numerator: Net loss	$	(33,168	)	$	(15,500	)
Denominator: Basic and Diluted Weighted-average shares in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders		99,305			67,182
Net loss attributable to common stockholders—basic and diluted	$	(0.33	)	$	(0.23	)

Since the Company was in a net loss position for all periods presented, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders will be the same as the basic net loss per share, as, in a net loss position, the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would be antidilutive. The potential shares of common stock excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented due to their antidilutive impacts are as follows:


	As of April 30, 2022		As of April 30, 2021
Shares of common stock issuable from stock options		1,025		1,731
Total RSUs unvested		14,949		17,635
Warrants		8,606	-
Potential common shares excluded from diluted net loss per share		24,580		19,366

There were no Legacy IronNet Warrants outstanding as of April 30, 2021 due to the fact that the Legacy LGL interim condensed consolidated balance sheet was consolidated and combined with Legacy IronNet as of the effective date of the Merger in August 2021.

12. Deferred Payroll Taxes

In fiscal year 2021, Legacy IronNet elected to defer the Company's portion of payroll taxes, as permitted under the CARES Act. 50% of the deferred balance was paid in December 2021, with the remaining 50% due on December 31, 2022. The balance of the payroll tax deferral is $689 as of April 30, 2022 and is included in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

13. Retirement Plans

We provide a retirement savings plan for the benefit of our employees, including our executive officers. The plan is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified 401(k) plan so that contributions, and income earned on such contributions, are not taxable to participants until withdrawn or distributed from the plan (except in the case of contributions under the 401(k) plan designated as Roth contributions). The 401(k) plan provides that each participant may contribute up to an annual statutory limit. Participants who are at least 50 years old can also contribute additional amounts based on statutory limits for “catch-up” contributions. Under the plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her deferred salary contributions. Employee contributions are held and invested by the plan’s trustee as directed by participants. We also fully match employee contributions up to the first 4% of salary, which amounts are fully vested.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “IronNet,” “we,” “us,” “our”, “the Company” and other similar terms refer to IronNet, Inc. and its subsidiaries after giving effect to the Merger.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report"), and the annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended January 31, 2022 and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on May 2, 2022 (the "Annual Report"). The interim condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report are presented in U.S. dollars rounded to the nearest thousand, with the amounts in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) rounded to the nearest tenth of a million. Therefore, differences in the tables between totals and sums of the amounts listed may occur due to such rounding.

This Quarterly Report contains statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “will,” “plan,” “design,” “may,” “should,” or similar language are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change throughout the year, and any forward-looking statements based upon these projections or expectations may change prior to the end of the next quarter or year. Readers of this Quarterly Report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and in the Annual Report under the captions “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” The impact of COVID-19 and its variants, as well as geopolitical tensions, such as Russia’s recent incursion into Ukraine, may also exacerbate these risks, any of which could have a material effect on us. All forward-looking statements included herein are made only as of the date hereof. Our fiscal year end is January 31, and our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. Our fiscal years ending January 31, 2023 and ended January 31, 2022 are referred to herein as "fiscal 2023" and "fiscal 2022," respectively.

Overview

GEN. Keith B. Alexander (Ret.) founded our company in 2014 to solve the major cybersecurity problem he witnessed and defined during his tenure as former head of the NSA and founding Commander of U.S. Cyber Command: You can’t defend against threats you can’t see. Our innovative approach provides the ability for groups of organizations—within an industry sector, supply chain, state or country, for example—to see, detect and defend against sophisticated cyber attacks earlier and faster than ever before.

IronNet has defined a new market category called Collective Defense. IronNet has developed the Collective Defense platform, a solution that can identify anomalous (potentially suspicious or malicious) behaviors on computer networks and share this intelligence anonymously and in real time among Collective Defense community members. Collective Defense communities comprise groups of organizations that have common risks, such as a supply chain, a business ecosystem, or across an industry sector, a state, or a country. This cybersecurity model delivers timely, actionable, and contextual alerts and threat intelligence on attacks targeting enterprise networks, and functions as an early-warning detection system for all community members.

This new platform addresses a large and unwavering compound problem: limited threat visibility for increasingly borderless enterprises across sectors and at the national level, paired with ineffective threat knowledge sharing across companies and sectors and a “go it alone” approach to cybersecurity. These operational gaps, combined with market dynamics like the increased velocity of sophisticated cyber attacks and the deepening scarcity of qualified human capital, have set our mission to transform how cybersecurity is waged.

Our Business

We have focused on the development and delivery of a suite of advanced cybersecurity capabilities for detection, alerting, situational awareness and hunt/remediation combined into a comprehensive Collective Defense platform. We compliment these capabilities, delivered to both commercial and public sector enterprises, with professional services.

Software, Subscription and Support Revenue

Our primary line of business is the delivery of integrated software capabilities through our Collective Defense platform. The platform is comprised of two flagship products:

IronDefense is an advanced Network Detection Response ("NDR") solution that uses AI-driven behavioral analytics to detect and prioritize anomalous activity inside individual enterprises. IronNet leverages advanced AI/ML algorithms to detect previously unknown threats, which are those that have not been identified and “fingerprinted” by industry researchers), in addition to screening known threats, and applies its Expert System to prioritize the severity of the behaviors—all at machine speed and cloud scale.

IronDome is a threat-sharing solution that facilitates a crowdsource-like environment in which the IronDefense threat detections from an individual company are shared among members of a Collective Defense community, consisting of our customers who have elected to permit their information to be anonymously shared and cross-correlated by our IronDome systems. IronDome analyzes threat detections across the community to identify broad attack patterns and provides anonymized intelligence back to all community members in real time, giving all members early insight into potential incoming attacks. Automated sharing across the Collective Defense community enables faster detection of attacks at earlier stages.

Our Collective Defense platform is designed to deliver strong network effects. Every customer contributing its threat data (anonymously) into the community is able to reap benefits from the shared intelligence of the other organizations. The collaborative aspect of Collective Defense, and the resulting prioritization of alerts based on their potential severity, helps address the known problem of “alert fatigue” that plagues overwhelmed security analysts.

Our Collective Defense platform is largely cloud-deployed (public or private), though it is also available in on-premise and hybrid environments, and is scalable to include small-to-medium businesses and public-sector agencies as well as multinational corporations. We provide professional cybersecurity services such as incident response and threat hunting, as well as programs to help customers assess cybersecurity governance, maturity, and readiness. Our cybersecurity services are designed to create shared long-term success measures with our customers, differentiating us from other cybersecurity vendors by working alongside customers as partners and offering consultative and service capabilities beyond implementation.

Our Collective Defense platform is a subscription-based pricing and flexible delivery model, with 80.9% of our revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2022 related to deployments involving our key public cloud providers Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure. We also support private cloud, or HCI such as Nutanix as well as on-premise environments through hardware and virtual options. To make it as easy as possible for customers to add Collective Defense into

their existing security stack, we have built a rich set of APIs that enable integrations with standard security products, including SIEM, SOAR, EDR, NGFW tools, and cloud-native logs from the major public cloud providers.

Professional Services

We sell professional services, including development of national cybersecurity strategies, cyber operations monitoring, security, training, red team, incident response and tailored maturity assessments. Revenue derived from these services is recognized as the services are delivered.

Financing to Date

Historically, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements of common stock, warrants and redeemable convertible preferred stock.

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, a number of purchasers (each, a “Subscriber”) purchased an aggregate of 12,500,000 shares of our common stock (the “PIPE Shares”), for a purchase price of $10.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $125.0 million. As a result of the Merger, we also received $13.3 million held in Legacy LGL’s trust account from proceeds related to public trust shares, net of stockholder redemptions. Transaction costs related to the issuance of the trust shares were $9.0 million.

During the three months ended April 30, 2022, we incurred a net loss of $33.2 million, of which $11.4 million related to non-cash expense related to stock-based compensation, and used $22.2 million in cash to fund our operations. As of April 30, 2022, we had $31.4 million of cash on hand to continue to fund our operations.

We expect our capital and operating expenditures to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

continue to invest in research and development related to new technologies;

increase our investment in marketing and advertising, as well as the sales and distribution infrastructure for our products and services;

maintain and improve operational, financial, and management information systems;

hire additional personnel;

obtain, maintain, expand, and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and

enhance internal functions to support our operations as a publicly-traded company.

Key Factors Affecting Performance

New Customer Acquisition

Our future growth depends in large part on our ability to acquire new customers. If our efforts to attract new customers are not successful, our revenue may decline in the future. Our IronDefense and IronDome platforms are designed to be used in conjunction with point solutions to capture and share critical data and findings to enable our behavioral analytics to identify threats and for defenders to respond more accurately and quickly. We believe that we have significant room to capture additional market share and intend to continue to invest in sales and marketing to engage prospective customers, increase brand awareness, and drive adoption of our solution.

Customer Retention

Our ability to increase revenue depends in large part on our ability to retain existing customers.

Investing in Business Growth

Since inception, we have invested significantly in the growth of our business. While remaining judicious and targeted in our investments, we intend to continue to invest in our research and development team to lead product improvements, our sales team to broaden our brand awareness and our general and administrative expenses to increase for the foreseeable future given the additional expenses for finance, compliance and investor relations as we grow as a public company. In addition to our internal growth, we may also consider acquisitions of businesses, technologies, and assets that complement and bolster additional capabilities to our product offerings.

Key Business Metrics

We monitor the following key metrics to measure our performance, identify trends, formulate business plans and make strategic decisions.

Recurring Software Customers

We believe that our ability to increase the number of subscription and other recurring contract type customers on our platform is an indicator of our market penetration, the growth of our business, and our potential future business opportunities. We have a history of growing the number of customers who have contracted for our platforms on a recurring basis, which does not include our professional services customers. Our recurring software customers include customers who have a recurring contract for either or both of our IronDefense and IronDome platforms. These platforms are generally sold together, but they also can be purchased on a standalone basis. We have consistently increased the number of such customers period-over-period, and we expect this trend to continue as we increase subscription offerings to small and medium-sized businesses, in addition to increased subscription offerings for our larger enterprise customers. The following table sets forth the number of recurring software customers as of the dates presented:


	April 30,
	2022			2021

Recurring Software Customers		91			44
Year-over-year growth		107	%		120	%

Annual Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)

ARR is calculated at a particular measurement date as the annualized value of our then existing customer subscription contracts and the portions of other software and product contracts that are to be recognized over the course of the contracts and that are designed to renew, assuming any contract that expires during the 12 months following the measurement date is renewed on its existing terms. The following table sets forth our ARR as of the dates presented:


		April 30,
		2022			2021
	($ in millions)
Annual recurring revenue		$	30.1		$	25.6
Year-over-year growth			18	%		54	%

Because we have contracts from government entities whose back to back renewal may be delayed due to availability of funding between budget and authorization cycles, potential changes in contract vehicles and increased requirements, ARR may temporarily decline over the periods where these interruptions are active across reporting period ends. During the quarter ended April 30, 2022, $4.9 million of ARR from such temporarily interrupted adversely affected the ending ARR of $30.1 million and the annual year over year increase of 18%. Had those contracts renewed without interruption, the Company would have reported an ARR of $35.0 million and an increase of 37%.

Dollar-Based Average Contract Length

Our dollar-based average contract length is calculated from a set of customers against the same metric as of a prior period end. Because many of our customers have similar buying patterns and the average term of our contracts is more than 12 months, this metric provides a means of assessing the degree of built-in revenue repetition that exists across our customer base.

We calculate our dollar-based average contract length as follows:

Numerator: We multiply the average total length of the contracts, measured in years or fractions thereof, by the respective revenue recognized for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, as applicable.

Denominator: We use the revenue attributable to software and product customers for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021 in the numerator. This effectively represents the revenue base that is being generated by those customers.

Dollar-based average contract length is obtained by dividing the Numerator by the Denominator. Our dollar-based average contract length increased from 2.8 to 3.2 years, or 14%, as of the end of the three month period ended April 30, 2022 as compared to the end of the three month period ended April 30, 2021. The re-emergence of longer term contracts in our average has led to the increase in our average contract length as of the end of the most recent reporting period. As a longer term trend, we continue to expect our average contract length to trend downward over time as our overall revenue and customer base continues to increase and broaden. Declines in average contract length are not reflective of the average lifetime of a customer.


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021
	(in years)
Dollar-based average contract length		3.2		2.8

Calculated Billings

Calculated billings is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is a key metric to measure our periodic performance. Calculated billings represent our total revenue plus the change in deferred revenue in a period. Calculated billings in any particular period aims to reflect amounts invoiced to customers to access our software-based, cybersecurity analytics products, cloud platform and professional services, together with related support services, for our new and existing customers. We typically invoice our customers on multi-year or annual contracts in advance, either annually or monthly.

Calculated billings increased by $3.0 million, or 35%, for the three months ended April 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended April 30, 2021. We expect that calculated billings will be affected by timing of entering into agreements with customers and the mix of billings in each reporting period as we typically invoice customers multi-year or annually in advance and, to a lesser extent, monthly in advance.

While we believe that calculated billings may be helpful to investors because it provides insight into the cash that will be generated from sales of our subscriptions, this metric may vary from period-to-period for a number of reasons, and therefore has a number of limitations as a quarter-to-quarter or year-over-year comparative measure. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our metric of calculated billings as a tool for comparison. Because of these and other limitations, you should consider calculated billings along with revenue and our other GAAP financial results.

The following table presents a reconciliation of revenue, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to calculated billings:


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021		2022 vs 2021
	($ in millions)
Revenue	$	6.7	$	6.4	$	0.3		5	%
Add: Total Deferred revenue, end of period		38.5		36.2		2.3		6	%
Less: Total Deferred revenue, beginning of period		33.6		34.0		(0.4	)	(1	)%
Calculated billings	$	11.6	$	8.6	$	3.0		35	%

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenues are derived from sales of product, subscriptions, subscription-like software products and software support contracts as well as from professional services. Products, subscriptions and support revenues accounted for 96% our revenue in each of the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021. Professional services revenues accounted for 4% of our revenue in each of the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.

Our typical customer contracts and subscriptions range from one to five years. We typically invoice customers annually, in advance. We combine intelligence

dependent hardware and software licenses as well as subscription-type deliverables with the related threat intelligence and support and maintenance as a single

performance obligation, as it delivers the essential functionality of our cybersecurity solution. Most companies also participate in the IronDome collective defense software solution that provides them access to our collective defense infrastructure linking participating stakeholders. As a result, we recognize revenue for this single performance obligation ratably over the expected term with the customer. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in deferred revenue or

they are recorded in revenue if the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Judgment is required for the assessment of material rights relating to renewal options associated with our contracts.

Professional services revenues are generally sold separately from our products and include services such as development of national cyber security strategies, cyber operations monitoring, security, training, red team, incident response and tailored maturity assessments. Revenue derived from these services is recognized as the services are delivered.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product, subscription and support revenue includes expenses related to our hosted security software, employee-related costs of our customer facing support, such as salaries, bonuses and benefits, an allocated portion of administrative costs and the amortization of deferred costs.

Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of employee-related costs, such as salaries, bonuses and benefits, cost of contractors and an allocated portion of administrative costs.

Gross Profit

Gross profit, calculated as total revenue less total costs of revenue is affected by various factors, including the timing of our acquisition of new customers, renewals from existing customers, the data center and bandwidth costs associated with operating our cloud platform, the extent to which we expand our customer support organization, and the extent to which we can increase the efficiency of our technology and infrastructure through technological improvements. Also, we view our professional services in the context of our larger business and as a significant lead generator for future product sales. Because of these factors, our services revenue and gross profit may fluctuate over time.

Operating Expenses

Research and development

Our research and development efforts are aimed at continuing to develop and refine our products, including adding new features and modules, increasing their functionality, and enhancing the usability of our platform. Research and development costs primarily include personnel-related costs and acquired software costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and related expenses, including salaries, bonuses and benefits for our sales and marketing employees, sales commissions that are recognized as expenses over the period of benefit, marketing programs, travel and entertainment expenses, and allocated overhead costs. We capitalize our sales commissions and recognize them as expenses over the estimated period of benefit.

We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, further penetrate the market and expand our global customer base. In particular, we will continue to invest in growing and training our sales force, broadening our brand awareness and expanding and deepening our channel partner relationships. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of our revenue over the long term, although our sales and marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

General and administrative

General and administrative costs include salaries, stock-based compensation expenses, and benefits for personnel involved in our executive, finance, legal, people and culture, and administrative functions, as well as third-party professional services and fees, and overhead expenses.

We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we hire additional personnel and enhance our systems, processes, and controls to support the growth in our business as well as our increased compliance and reporting requirements as a public company.

Other income

Other income consists primarily of interest income.

Other expense

Other expense consists primarily of interest expense and foreign currency losses.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of federal and state income taxes in the United States and income taxes and withholding taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 and 2021

The following tables set forth our consolidated statement of operations data for each period presented:


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			Percentage of Revenue			2021			Percentage of Revenue			Change $			Change %
	($ in thousands)
Product, subscription and support revenue	$	6,443			96	%	$	6,137			96	%	$	306			5	%
Professional services revenue		245			4	%		240			4	%		5			2	%
Total revenue		6,688			100	%		6,377			100	%		311			5	%
Cost of product, subscription and support revenue		2,330			35	%		1,754			28	%		576			33	%
Cost of professional services revenue		165			2	%		184			3	%		(19	)		(10	)%
Total cost of revenue		2,495			37	%		1,938			30	%		557			29	%
Gross profit		4,193			63	%		4,439			70	%		(246	)		(6	)%
Operating expenses
Research and development		10,727			160	%		6,891			108	%		3,836			56	%
Sales and marketing		10,667			159	%		7,149			112	%		3,518			49	%
General and administrative		15,586			233	%		5,720			90	%		9,866			172	%
Total operating expenses		36,980			553	%		19,760			310	%		17,220			87	%
Operating loss		(32,787	)		-490	%		(15,321	)		-240	%		(17,466	)		114	%
Other income		10		-				8		-				2			25	%
Other expense		(380	)		-6	%		(129	)		-2	%		(251	)		195	%
Loss before income taxes		(33,157	)		-496	%		(15,442	)		-242	%		(17,715	)		115	%
Provision for income taxes		(11	)	-				(58	)		-1	%		47			(81	)%
Net loss	$	(33,168	)		-496	%	$	(15,500	)		-243	%	$	(17,668	)		114	%

Revenue

Total revenue increased by $0.3 million or 5% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2022.

Product, subscription and support revenue increased by $0.3 million or 5% primarily due to the net effect of the Company’s transition from contracts that had material nonrecurring elements which would not renew in full, replaced by revenues from contract forms that were designed to fully renew with legacy customers and signing new customers.

Professional services revenue increased $0.01 million or 2% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2022.

Cost of Revenue

Total cost of revenue increased by $0.6 million or 29%, in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2022. Cost of product, subscription and support revenue increased by $0.6 million or 33%, in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2022. The increase was due primarily to an increase in customer count, costs incurred to fully ramp cloud hosting environments related to a significant revenue customer that was onboarded in fiscal year 2021, and an increase of $0.2 million in equipment warranty costs related to inventory on hand held in readiness for large future contracts.

Cost of professional service cost of revenue decreased by $0.02 million in the three months ended April 30, 2022.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Mix changes in cost of revenue resulted in a decrease in software, subscription, and support gross margin to 64% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to 71% in the same period in fiscal 2022, and an increase in professional services gross margin to 33% in the three months ended April 30, 2022 as compared to 23% in the same period in fiscal 2022. The period over period decrease in margin for software was primarily the result of cloud costs for a significant revenue customer that ramped up in the second half of fiscal 2022 and an increase in warranty costs related to inventory held in readiness for large future contracts. Without the warranty costs related to inventory on hand, software margins would have been 67%. Professional services margin will continue to be volatile contract to contract as we scale our business.

We expect that gross margins will improve in the near term. Margins may remain volatile compared to fiscal 2022 due to the continuing presence of large contracts in our revenue mix.

The following tables show gross profit and gross margin, respectively, for software products and support revenue and professional services revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022		2021		Change $			Change %
	($ in thousands)
Product, subscription and support gross profit	$	4,113	$	4,383	$	(270	)		(6	)%
Professional services gross profit		80		56		24			43	%
Total gross profit	$	4,193	$	4,439	$	(246	)		(6	)%


	2022			2021			Change
Product, subscription and support margin		63.8	%		71.4	%		(7.6	)%
Professional services margin		32.7	%		23.3	%		9.4	%
Total gross margin		62.7	%		69.6	%		(6.9	)%

Operating expenses

Research and development

Research and development expenses increased by $3.8 million or 56% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to non-cash stock compensation expenses of $2.5 million and ramping resources to support product development. The remaining increase of $1.3 million was driven by the ramping of external costs to support product development and the increase in internal headcount, with some increase driven by cloud computing costs. At 160% of total revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2022, as compared to 108% in the same period in fiscal 2022, we expect that our overall research and development expenditure rate as a percentage of revenues will decline in the future.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing cost increased by $3.5 million or 49% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to non-cash stock compensation of $1.9 million. The remaining increase of $1.6 million is due to the expansion of our sales and marketing efforts. At 159% of revenues in the three months ended April 30, 2022 as compared to 112% in the same period in fiscal 2022, we expect that our overall sales and marketing expenditure rates as a percentage of revenues will decline in the future.

General and administrative

General and administrative costs increased by $9.9 million or 172% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily due to non-cash stock compensation of $7.0 million and an increase in costs related to becoming a publicly traded company and the overall efforts to grow and support business operations, including increased headcount, directors and officers insurance costs, and the implementation of systems to support operations as a public company. General and administrative expenses in the three months ended April 30, 2022 were at 233% of total revenues as compared to 90% in the same period in fiscal 2022. We expect that our overall general and administrative expenditure rates as a percentage of revenues will decline in the future.

Other income

The net fluctuation of other income was immaterial to the results of operations.

Other expense

Other expense increased by $0.3 million or 195% in the three months ended April 30, 2022, primarily as the result of a settlement of a pre-Merger claim against LGL.

Provision for income taxes

The change in provision for income taxes was immaterial to the results of operations primarily due to our continued net loss position, the accumulation of net loss carryforwards, and offsetting valuation allowance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception. Through April 30, 2022, we have funded our operations with proceeds from sales of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock, proceeds related to the public trust shares held by Legacy LGL that were received as part of the Merger and recapitalization, loans, and receipts from sales of our products and services to customers in the ordinary course of business. As of April 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $31.4 million, with no debt outstanding. Our primary source of liquidity is cash flows from operating activities, which may be supplemented by our equity line of credit facility described below.

Tumim Stone Capital Committed Equity Financing

On February 11, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Tumim, pursuant to which Tumim has committed to purchase up to $175 million of common stock (the “Total Commitment”), at our direction from time to time, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions in the Purchase Agreement. Also on February 11, 2022, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Tumim (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which we have filed with the SEC a registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act the shares of common stock that may be issued to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, at the time we signed the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, we paid a cash fee of $1.75 million, or 1% of the Total Commitment, to Tumim as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of our common stock under the Purchase Agreement.

The sales of common stock by us to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be subject to certain limitations and may occur, from time to time at our sole discretion, over the approximately 36-month period commencing upon the date of initial satisfaction of all conditions to Tumim’s purchase obligations set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the “Commencement Date”). From and after the Commencement Date, we will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time at our sole discretion, to direct Tumim to purchase certain amounts of our common stock, subject to certain limitations in the Purchase Agreement, that we specify in purchase notices that we deliver to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement (each such purchase, a “Purchase”). Shares of common stock will be issued to Tumim at either a (i) 3% discount to the average daily volume weighted average price (the “VWAP”) of the common stock during the three consecutive trading days from the date that a purchase notice with respect to a particular purchase (a “VWAP Purchase Notice”) is delivered to Tumim (a “Forward VWAP Purchase”), or (ii) 5% discount to the lowest daily VWAP during the three consecutive trading days from the date that a VWAP Purchase Notice with respect to a particular purchase is delivered to Tumim (an “Alternative VWAP Purchase”). Each VWAP Purchase Notice to Tumim will specify whether the applicable purchase is a Forward VWAP Purchase or an Alternative VWAP Purchase, and will direct that Tumim purchase the applicable number of shares of common stock at the applicable purchase price. There is no upper limit on the price per share that Tumim could be obligated to pay for the common stock under the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of common stock to be sold in a Purchase will be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction.

Based on the current price of our common stock as of the date of this report, we estimate that we would be able to raise approximately $25 million in proceeds under the Purchase Agreement due to the ownership limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

Outlook and Liquidity Requirements

As of April 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $31.4 million and collectable receivables of $14.6 million. We continue to benefit from being debt free, having paid off previous balances on our PPP Loan and SVB Bridge facility, as well as continuing to fund our operations from the proceeds of the business combination with Legacy LGL that closed on August 26, 2021, pursuant to which we secured gross funding of $138.25 million. We have also secured a $175 million equity line with Tumim Capital, which remains available, subject to a number of conditions and limitations on the amount we may draw at a particular point in time and in the aggregate, to fund future operations in the absence of any material adverse conditions. Based on our forecast and the proceeds from the recent merger, as well as plans which could be executed to moderate internal and external expenditures as needed, we believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund operations for a period of at least 12 months from the issuance of these financial statements.

This estimate does not take into account potential sales of our common stock to Tumim under the Purchase Agreement, or payments under new contracts with strategic customers that we currently expect to enter into prior to the end of the fiscal year, each of which could extend this period. We also plan to continue to maintain efficient operations and to reduce certain expenses over the next several quarters in an effort to make the most effective use of our cash on hand.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to the rate of our growth, our ability to attract and retain customers and their willingness and ability to pay for our products and services, and the timing and extent of spending to support our efforts to market and develop our products. Further, we may enter into future arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, strategic partnerships, and technologies. As such, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to

raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If additional funds are not available to us on acceptable terms, or at all, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Cash Flows

For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended April 30,
	2022			2021
	(in millions)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(22.2	)	$	(12.1	)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(0.9	)	$	(0.7	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	6.9		$	0.3

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended April 30, 2022 was $22.2 million, which primarily resulted from a net loss of $33.2 million, of which $11.4 million was attributable to non-cash stock based compensation. The remaining $21.8 million of the net loss accounted for much of the net cash used in operating activities, with an increase in the receivables balance of $4.8 million due to lower cash collections, largely being offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $4.9 million from customer payments that had not yet been recognized as revenue.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended April 30, 2021 was $12.1 million, which resulted from a net loss of $15.5 million adjusted for non-cash charges of $0.2 million for depreciation and amortization expense. Cash used in operating activities during the three months ended April 30, 2021 benefited from the increased in deferred revenue of $2.2 million, offset by an increase in deferred and prepaid expenses of $1.6 million.

The $10.1 million increase in net cash used in operating activities in the three months ended April 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2022 was driven by an increase in cash operating expenses of approximately $5.5 million, primarily due to the new recurring costs of operating as a public company of $2.6 million and increases in sales and marketing expense of $1.3 million and research and development costs of $1.6 million, an increase in receivables of $5.0 million, a decrease in other current assets of $0.2 million, and a decrease in accounts payable of $2.0 million, offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $2.8 million and other minor cash activity.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities of $0.9 million and $0.7 million during the three months ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was due solely to purchases of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $6.9 million during the three months ended April 30, 2022 was primarily due to $8.8 million net cash proceeds received to fund employees' tax withholding obligations associated with vested RSUs, which is disbursed to the appropriate taxing authorities, offset by the $1.8 million payment to Tumim for the commitment fee.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $0.3 million during the three months ended April 30, 2021 was primarily due to net proceeds from our issuance of common stock of $0.2 million and proceeds from stock subscriptions of $0.1 million.

Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments consist of lease obligations for office space. For more information regarding our lease obligations, see Note 8 to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have made and expect to continue to make additional investments in our product, scale our operations, and continue to enhance our security measures. We will continue to expand the use of software systems to scale with our overall growth.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, as well as related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

The critical accounting policies, assumptions and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements are described below.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenues are derived from sales of software, subscriptions, support and maintenance, and other services. We satisfy performance obligations to recognize revenue for a single performance obligation ratably over the expected term with the customer.

Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer—A contract with a customer to account for exists when (i) we enter into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and the parties are committed to perform, and (iii) we determine that collection of substantially all consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for goods or services that will be transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract—Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from us, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, we apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

Determination of the transaction price—The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer.

Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract—We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price based on the observable selling price of our products and services.

Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations—We satisfy performance obligations either over time or at a point in time. Revenue is recognized at or over the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

We capitalize incremental costs of obtaining a non-cancelable subscription and support revenue contract and on professional services revenue as contract acquisition costs. The capitalized amounts consist primarily of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. The capitalized amounts are recoverable through future revenue streams under all non-cancelable customer contracts. Amortization of capitalized costs, which occurs on a straight line basis, is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Contract fulfillment costs include appliance hardware and installation costs that are essential in providing the future benefit of the solution, which are also capitalized. We amortize our contract fulfillment costs ratably over the contract term in a manner consistent with the related revenue recognition on that contract and are included in cost of revenue.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock compensation expense for stock options is recognized on a straight line basis and with a provision for forfeitures matched to historical experience for matured grant cohorts. Stock compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2014 Plan, which contain both service and performance conditions, is recognized on a graded-scale basis matched to the length and vesting tranches for each grant. Stock compensation expense for RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan have only service vesting conditions. Expense will be recognized on a straight-line basis for all RSU awards with only service conditions. In the event that a RSU grant holder is terminated before the award is fully vested for RSUs granted under either Plan, the full amount of the unvested portion of the award will be recognized as a forfeiture in the period of termination. The fair value of RSUs is based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant.

We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to estimate the fair value of options on the date of grant. The use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. We grant stock options at exercise prices determined equal to the fair value of common stock on the date of the grant. The fair value of our common stock at each measurement date is based on a number of factors, including the results of third-party valuations, our historical financial performance, and observable arms-length sales of our capital stock including convertible preferred stock, and the prospects of a liquidity event, among other inputs. We estimate an expected forfeiture rate for stock options, which is factored into the determination of stock-based compensation expense. The volatility assumption is based on the historical and implied volatility of our peer group with similar business models. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The dividend yield percentage is zero because we do not currently pay dividends nor do we intend to do so in the future.

These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the use of different assumptions may have resulted in stock-based compensation expense that was different from the amounts recorded.

As of April 30, 2022, there was $57.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested RSUs without performance obligations. The weighted average remaining vesting period was 3.38 years.

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Section A- Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous lease guidance. We adopted this standard and related amendments in the first quarter of fiscal 2023, using the modified retrospective approach.

The modified retrospective approach provides a method for recording existing leases at adoption with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. We elected the package of practical expedients which permits us to not reassess (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) any initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases as of the effective date. We also elected the practical expedient lease considerations to not allocate lease considerations between lease and non-lease components for real estate leases. As such, real estate lease considerations are treated as a single lease-component and accounted for accordingly.

We applied a portfolio approach to effectively account for the lease liabilities and right-of-use lease assets. We exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the application of Topic 842.

Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of $1.1 million and $2.7 million of current lease liabilities and long-term lease liabilities, respectively, and $2.9 million in corresponding right-of-use lease assets. The difference between the approximate value of the right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities is attributable to deferred rent, which is comprised of tenant improvement allowance and rent abatement. The cumulative change in the beginning accumulated deficit was $0.02 million due to the adoption of Topic 842. There was no material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations or consolidated statements cash flows. Comparative periods continue to be presented in accordance with legacy guidance in Topic 840.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for our assessment of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Commitments and Contingencies

Refer to Note 7, Commitments and contingencies, of the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with certain new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an EGC or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our consolidated financial statements may or may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public companies’ effective dates.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations in the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business.

Foreign Currency Risk

The significant majority of our sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, with a small number of contracts denominated in foreign currencies. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States, denominated in foreign currencies and subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Singapore Dollar, British Pound, Japanese Yen and Australian Dollar. Additionally, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would not have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2023 or fiscal 2022. As the impact of foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical operating results, we have not entered into derivative or hedging transactions, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency becomes more significant.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as such terms are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of April 30, 2022. Based upon that evaluation, our co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of April 30, 2022 due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended April 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and the dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with appropriate authorizations of our management and board of directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management determined that, as of January 31, 2022, we did not have a sufficient number of personnel with an appropriate degree of accounting and internal controls knowledge, experience, and training to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters commensurate with our accounting and reporting requirements, which resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of our financial reporting objectives, which constitutes a material weakness. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses:

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We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for stock-based compensation modifications. This material weakness resulted in the restatement of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended October 31, 2021. The error was corrected within our Annual report on Form 10-K, filed on May 2, 2022, resulting in the consolidated financial statements being correctly stated for the year ended January 31, 2022.

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We did not design and maintain effective controls over the review of journal entries and account reconciliations. Specifically, certain personnel have had the ability to both (i) create and post journal entries within our general ledger system, and (ii) prepare and review account reconciliations. This material weakness did not result in a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements.

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We did not design and maintain effective controls over information technology ("IT") general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain: (i) program change management controls for the financial systems to ensure that information technology program and data changes affecting financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately; (ii) appropriate user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs and data to appropriate personnel; (iii) computer operations controls to ensure data backups are authorized and restorations monitored; and (iv) testing and approval controls for program development to ensure that new software development is aligned with business and IT requirements. This material weakness did not result in a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements.

These material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Remediation Plan

We have continued implementation of a plan to remediate these material weaknesses. These remediation measures are ongoing and include the following:

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we hired and continued to hire additional accounting and finance resources with public company experience, including expertise in technical accounting and complex transactions, in addition to utilizing third-party consultants and specialists, to supplement our internal resources;

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we are revising account reconciliation controls within all business processes to require proper segregation of duties of preparer and reviewer utilizing the additional personnel mentioned above;

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we are implementing comprehensive access control protocols to implement restrictions on user and privileged access to certain applications and establishing additional controls over the preparation and review of journal entries; and

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we are redesigning and strengthening financial system and application change management controls, testing and approval controls for program development, as well as data backup and restoration controls.

The elements of our remediation plan can only be accomplished over time and are subject to continued review, implementation and testing by management, as well as oversight by the audit committee of our board of directors, to determine that it is achieving our objectives. We are in the process of designing and implementing a variety of steps to remediate these weaknesses. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan has been fully designed and implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except as set forth below, we are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, and we are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceeding against us that we believe could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

Securities Litigation

On April 22, 2022, a federal securities class action lawsuit, captioned Grad v. IronNet, Inc., et al., No. 1:22-cv-004499 (E.D. Va.), was filed by our purported

stockholder in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, or the Court, on behalf of a proposed class consisting of those who acquired our securities between September 15, 2021 and December 20, 2021. The complaint names us, our co-Chief Executive Officers, and our Chief Financial Officer as defendants and asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for alleged misrepresentations and/or omissions in a September 14, 2021 press release regarding our business and financial prospects, our ability to predict the timing of significant customer opportunities, and our disclosure controls and procedures. The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages on behalf of the putative class and an award of costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees.

Motions by members of the proposed class to be appointed lead plaintiff are due by June 21, 2022. On May 20, 2022, the Court entered a stipulated order (i) suspending the defendants’ obligations to file any responsive pleadings or motions to the complaint; and (ii) requiring that, within 14 days after a lead plaintiff has been appointed by the Court, counsel for the lead plaintiff and the defendants submit a proposed schedule for the filing of an amended complaint and defendants’ response thereto.

We believe the claims are without merit, intend to defend the case vigorously, and have not recorded a liability related to this lawsuit because, at this time, we are unable to estimate reasonably possible losses or determine whether an unfavorable outcome is probable.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business is subject to numerous risks that you should carefully consider. These risks are more fully described in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on May 2, 2022. A summary of these risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects include the following:


	•		We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and if we do not manage our future growth, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.


	•		We have a history of losses and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.


	•		If organizations do not adopt cloud-enabled, and/or software as a service-delivered cybersecurity solutions that may be based on new and untested security concepts, our ability to grow our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.


	•		Competition from existing or new companies could cause us to experience downward pressure on prices, fewer customer orders, reduced margins, the inability to take advantage of new business opportunities and loss of market share.


	•		If our solutions fail or are perceived to fail to detect or prevent incidents or have or are perceived to have defects, errors, or vulnerabilities, our brand and reputation would be harmed, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.


	•		We rely on third-party data centers and our own colocation data centers to host and operate our platform, and any disruption of or interference with its use of these facilities may negatively affect our ability to maintain the performance and reliability of our platform, which could cause our business to suffer.


	•		Our future success will be substantially dependent on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate the members of our management team and other key employees throughout our organization, and the loss of one or more key employees or an inability to attract and retain highly skilled employees could harm our business.


	•		If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our distribution partners, or if our distribution partners fail to perform, our ability to market, sell and distribute our platform and solutions efficiently will be limited, and our business, financial position and results of operations will be harmed.


	•		Our business depends, in part, on sales to government organizations, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of such government organizations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.


	•		The success of our business will depend in part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.


	•		We are subject to laws and regulations, including governmental export and import controls, sanctions, and anti-corruption laws, that could impair our ability to compete in our markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.


	•		Our management has identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, which may result in material misstatements of our financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations.

	•		Our international operations and plans for future international expansion expose us to significant risks, and failure to manage those risks could adversely impact our business.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022. However, the risk factors described in this Quarterly Report and in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. If any such risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

If organizations do not adopt cloud-enabled, and/or SaaS-delivered cybersecurity solutions that may be based on new and untested security concepts, our ability to grow our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Our future success depends on the growth in the market for cloud-enabled and/or SaaS-delivered cybersecurity solutions. The use of SaaS solutions to manage and automate security and IT operations is rapidly evolving. As such, it is difficult to predict our potential growth, customer adoption and retention rates, customer demand for our solutions, or the success of existing or future competitive products. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance and perceived value associated with our solutions and those of our competitors. If our solutions do not achieve widespread adoption or there is a reduction in demand for our solutions due to a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, competing products, privacy or other liability concerns, decreases in corporate spending, weakening economic conditions, or otherwise, it could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial results, resulting from such things as early terminations, reduced customer retention rates, or decreased sales. Negative or worsening conditions in the general economy both in the United States and abroad, including conditions resulting from financial and credit market fluctuations and inflation, could cause a decrease in corporate spending on enterprise software in general, and in the cybersecurity industry specifically, and negatively affect the rate of growth of our business. We do not know whether the trend in adoption of cloud- enabled and/or SaaS-delivered cybersecurity solutions that we have experienced in the past will continue in the future. Furthermore, if we or other SaaS security providers experience security incidents, loss, or disclosure of customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, the market for SaaS solutions as a whole, including our security solutions, could be negatively affected.

In addition to reliance on a cloud-enabled and/or SaaS-delivered model, our cybersecurity offerings utilize a novel and relatively new approach to collective defense that relies on customers sharing sensitive customer information with us. Some of that raw customer information may contain personal or confidential information, or data perceived to be personal or confidential information. From that customer information, we generate analytics that allow us to deliver threat knowledge and network intelligence at machine speed across a wide variety of industries. Because this new approach requires the sharing of sensitive customer information, concerns may exist that sharing of the customer information may violate, or be perceived as potentially violating, privacy laws or providing a competitive advantage to another entity. As a result, some current or prospective customers may decide not to procure our products or share any customer information. Such lack of acceptance could have negative effects on us, including reduced or lost revenues or inadequate information being available for our analysis, thus making our products less effective. In addition, uncertainties about the regulatory environment concerning personal information and the potential liability raised by sharing such information could further inhibit the broad-scale adoption of our solutions.

Historically, information sharing related to cybersecurity has been a very well accepted concept from a theoretical perspective but very difficult to implement in practice. Companies are generally reluctant to share their sensitive cyber information with other entities, despite knowing the advantages of doing so. Although raw customer information will not be shared with other parties, it does undergo filtering, concatenation, and other transformations within our solutions with the goal of removing any sensitive or personal information. Misperceptions may exist, however, about what information gets shared, with whom that information is shared, and the jurisdictions (including foreign countries) of the companies with which the information gets shared. Further, concerns of existing or potential customers may exist related to the ability to completely remove any indicia of the source company, general market rejection of information sharing, or specific market skepticism of our approach to collective defense, which may further add to a lack of customer acceptance.

In addition to the potential concerns related to sharing sensitive information in a system consisting of commercial or potentially competitive entities, additional concerns can arise when governments become involved as participants in the collective defense ecosystem. From a commercial perspective, companies frequently view information sharing with governments as risky, based on perceptions that the governments might use such shared information to take action against the companies or to otherwise utilize it in a way that will expose such companies to liability. Such perceptions could lead commercial entities to stop sharing, not procure our services in the first place, or terminate their relationship with us altogether. Similarly, governments (as customers) may be unable to properly process such data or utilize it in a meaningful way, or share useful information back into our solutions. Any of these concerns could lead to reduced sales or contribute to a lack of customer acceptance. In addition, the mere involvement of one or more government entities may harm our reputation with certain companies.

The COVID-19 pandemic and other recent global events could adversely affect our business, operating results and future revenue.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to impact worldwide economic activity and financial markets. Some of the precautionary measures taken at the outset of the pandemic, many of which we have now made largely permanent and sustainable, and associated economic issues, both in the United States and across the globe, could negatively affect our cybersecurity efforts, significantly delay and lengthen our sales cycles, impact our sales and marketing efforts, reduce employee efficiency and productivity, slow our international expansion efforts, increase cybersecurity risks, and create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm our business and results of operations. Moreover, due to our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods, if at all.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic, and variants thereof, may disrupt the operations of our prospective clients, customers, and partners for an indefinite period of time. Some of our customers have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which could result in delays in accounts receivable collection, or result in decreased technology spending, including spending on cybersecurity, which could negatively affect our revenues. Some of our prospective clients have also been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which could result in delays in sales or lengthen purchasing decisions.

More generally, the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of variant strains of COVID-19, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, inflation higher than we have seen in decades and supply chain issues have adversely affected economies and financial markets globally, and continued uncertainty could lead to a prolonged economic downturn, which could result in a larger customer turnover than is currently anticipated, reduced demand for our products and services, and increased length of sales cycles, in which case our revenues could be significantly impacted. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other global events may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. It is not possible at this time to estimate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic and other global events could have on our business, as the impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

Weakened global economic conditions, including those from the recent COVID-19 pandemic and global events, may harm our industry, business and results of operations.

Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. Global financial developments, downturns and global health crises or pandemics seemingly unrelated to us or the cybersecurity industry, may harm us, including due to disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel. The United States and other key international economies have been affected from time to time by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, outbreaks of COVID-19 and the resulting impact on business continuity and travel, supply chain disruptions, inflation and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy, including with respect to tariff and trade issues. For example, inflation rates, particularly in the United States, have increased recently to levels not seen in years, and increased inflation may result in decreased demand for our products and services, increases in our operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity and limits on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise capital. In addition, the Federal Reserve has raised, and may again raise, interest rates in response to concerns about inflation, which coupled with reduced government spending and volatility in financial markets may have the effect of further increasing economic uncertainty and heightening these risks. Additionally, financial markets around the world experienced volatility following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022. In response to the invasion, the US, UK and EU, along with others, imposed significant new sanctions and export controls against Russia, Russian banks and certain Russian individuals and may implement additional sanctions or take further punitive actions in the future. The full economic and social impact of the

sanctions imposed on Russia (as well as possible future punitive measures that may be implemented), as well as the counter measures imposed by Russia, in addition to the ongoing military conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which could conceivably expand into the surrounding region, remains uncertain; however, both the conflict and related sanctions have resulted and could continue to result in disruptions to trade, commerce, pricing stability, credit availability, and/or supply chain continuity, in both Europe and globally, and has introduced significant uncertainty into global markets. As the adverse effects of this conflict continue to develop and potentially spread, both in Europe and throughout the rest of the world, our customers may be negatively impacted, which in turn may cause them to delay purchasing decisions, affect subscription renewal rates and otherwise depress our customers’ spending levels. As a result, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, particularly to the extent it escalates to involve additional countries, further economic sanctions or wider military conflict. We have current and potential new customers throughout Europe. If economic conditions in Europe and other key markets for our platform continue to remain uncertain or deteriorate further, including as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise, many customers may delay or reduce their cybersecurity spending.

The factors discussed above have and may continue to influence our customers’ behavior, spending patterns and general demand for our platform and services and prompt our customers to take additional precautionary measures to limit or delay expenditures and preserve capital and liquidity as they monitor global economic conditions and the risk of a global recession. The growth of our revenues and potential profitability of our business depends on demand for our platform and services generally, and business spend management specifically. In addition, our revenues are dependent on the number of users of our services. Historically, during economic downturns there have been reductions in spending on cybersecurity as well as pressure for extended billing terms or pricing discounts, which would limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our operating results. These conditions affect the rate of cybersecurity spending and could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to subscribe to our services, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscriptions or affect renewal rates, all of which could harm our operating results.

If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our products, our future results of operations could be harmed.

In order for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions for our platform and solutions when existing contract terms expire, and that we expand our commercial relationships with our existing customers by selling additional subscriptions. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscriptions after the expiration of their contractual subscription period, which is generally one year, and in the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew. In addition, our customers may renew for shorter contract subscription lengths or cease using certain solutions. Our customer retention and expansion may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our services, our pricing, customer security and networking issues and requirements, our customers’ spending levels, mergers and acquisitions involving our customers, industry developments, competition and general economic conditions. Our public sector customers are also subject to budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, and funding reductions or delays can result in delays in such customers renewing their contracts with us. We have experienced several of these delays in the current fiscal year, which has delayed our ability to grow our annual recurring revenue and therefore reduced revenues below our previous expectations, in addition to delaying expected cash flows. If our efforts to maintain and expand our relationships with our existing customers are not successful, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may materially suffer.

A limited number of customers represent a substantial portion of our revenue. If we fail to retain these customers, our revenue could decline significantly.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from a limited number of customers. For the fiscal year 2022, six customers accounted for approximately one-half of our revenue, with two of those customers accounting for over 20% of our annual revenue. During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, two customers also accounted for over 20% of our revenue. However, two customers who had each represented more than 10% of our revenue in the first quarter of 2022 were no longer significant customers in the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

As a result of our customer concentration, which can vary from period to period, our revenue could fluctuate materially and could be materially and disproportionately impacted by purchasing decisions of these customers or any other significant future customer. Any of our significant customers may decide to purchase less than they have in the past, may alter their purchasing patterns at any time with limited notice, or may decide not to continue to license our products at all, any of which could cause our revenue to decline and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. If we do not further diversify our customer base, we will continue to be susceptible to risks associated with customer concentration.

Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.

Our results of operations have varied significantly from period to period, and we expect that our results of operations will continue to vary as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including:

•

the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of variant strains of COVID-19, on our operations, financial results, and liquidity and capital resources, including on customers, sales, expenses, and employees;

•

our ability to attract new and retain existing customers;

•

the budgeting cycles, seasonal buying patterns, and purchasing practices of customers;

•

the timing and length of our sales cycles;

•

changes in customer or distribution partner requirements or market needs;

•

changes in the growth rate of our market;

•

the timing and success of new product and service introductions by us or our competitors or any other competitive developments, including consolidation among our customers or competitors;

•

the level of awareness of cybersecurity threats, particularly advanced cyberattacks, and the market adoption of our platform;

•

our ability to successfully expand our business domestically and internationally;

•

decisions by organizations to purchase security solutions from larger, more established security vendors or from their primary IT equipment vendors;

•

changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

•

any disruption in our relationship with distribution partners;

•

insolvency or credit difficulties confronting our customers, affecting their ability to purchase or pay for our solutions;

•

significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with or interruptions to, the use of our platform;

•

extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments or outcomes;

•

rising inflation and our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses;

•

general economic conditions, both in domestic and foreign markets;

•

future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies or practices;

•

negative media coverage or publicity;

•

political events, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine;

•

the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the expansion of our business; and

•

increases or decreases in expenses caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

In addition, we experience seasonal fluctuations in our financial results as we can receive a higher percentage of our annual orders from new customers, as well as renewal orders from existing customers, in the fourth fiscal quarter as compared to other quarters due to the annual budget approval process of many of our customers. Any of the above factors, individually or in the aggregate, may result in significant fluctuations in our financial and other results from period to period.

As a result of this variability, our historical results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Moreover, this variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our operating plan or the expectations of investors or analysts for any period. If we fail to meet such expectations for these or other reasons, our stock price could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

Our business depends, in part, on sales to government organizations, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of such government organizations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our future growth depends, in part, on increasing sales to government organizations. Demand from government organizations is often unpredictable, subject to budgetary uncertainty and typically involves long sales cycles. We have made significant investments to address the government sector, but we cannot assure you that these investments will be successful, or that we will be able to maintain or grow our revenue from the government sector. In fiscal 2022 and so far in fiscal 2023, several contracts that we previously expected would be signed with government organizations have not yet materialized due to funding delays. Although we anticipate that they may increase in the future, sales to U.S. federal, state and local governmental agencies have not accounted for, and may never account for, a significant portion of our revenue. U.S. federal, state and local government sales are subject to a number of challenges and risks that may adversely impact our business. Sales to such government entities include the following risks:

•

selling to governmental agencies can be highly competitive, expensive and time-consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that such efforts will generate a sale;

•

government certification requirements applicable to our products may change and, in doing so, restrict our ability to sell into the U.S. federal government sector until it has attained the required certifications.

•

government demand and payment for our platform may be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our platform;

•

governments routinely investigate and audit government contractors’ administrative processes, and any unfavorable audit could result in the government refusing to continue buying our platform, which would adversely impact our revenue and results of operations, or institute fines or civil or criminal liability if the audit were to uncover improper or illegal activities;

•

interactions with the U.S. federal government may be limited by post-employment ethics restrictions on members of our management;

•

foreign governments may have concerns with purchasing security products from a company that employs former NSA employees and officials, which may negatively impact sales; and

•

governments may require certain products to be manufactured, hosted, or accessed solely in their country or in other relatively high-cost manufacturing locations, and we may not manufacture all products in locations that meet these requirements, affecting our ability to sell these products to governmental agencies.

We have achieved “FedRAMP- ready” status, but such status is only available for a certain period of time before which it must be utilized. If not utilized, we would likely have to go through certain parts of the FedRAMP process again in order to sell our products to government agencies. Moreover, even if we were to achieve FedRAMP-certified status, such certification is costly to maintain, and if we were to lose such a certification in the future it would restrict our ability to sell to government customers. It is also possible that additional guidelines and/or certifications, such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification, will be required to expand participation in the government sectors.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our solutions in the future or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may need to raise additional capital to maintain and expand our operations and invest in new solutions, which capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and which could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business.

Retaining or expanding our current levels of personnel and products offerings may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new products and enhancements to our platform, improve our operating infrastructure, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. The failure to raise additional capital or generate the significant capital necessary to expand our operations and invest in new products could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. In March 2022, we entered into an equity line of credit facility under which we may sell shares of common stock for proceeds of up to $175 million subject to a number of conditions and limitations set forth in the purchase agreement for the facility. Many of these limitations depend on the prevailing stock price of our common stock. Based on the current price of our common stock as of the date of this report, we estimate that we would not be able to raise more than approximately $25 million in proceeds under the facility before certain of the ownership limitations would be exceeded. In addition, if we raise additional equity financing, whether under the equity line of credit facility or otherwise, stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the market price of the common stock could decline. If we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of common stock, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our operations or our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders. In

addition, adverse macroeconomic developments, including without limitation inflation, slowing economic growth, rising interest rates or a potential economic recession, may reduce our ability to access such capital. Any of the above could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our international operations and plans for future international expansion expose us to significant risks, and failure to manage those risks could adversely impact our business.

We derived 9% and 14% of our total revenue from our international customers for the periods ended April 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our growth strategy includes expansion into target geographies, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will be successful. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow in the future, as we continue to pursue opportunities in international markets. These international operations will require significant management attention and financial resources and are subject to substantial risks, including:

•

greater difficulty in negotiating contracts with standard terms, enforcing contracts, and managing collections, including longer collection periods;

•

higher costs of doing business internationally, including costs incurred in establishing and maintaining office space and equipment for international operations and creating international operating entities, where applicable;

•

management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural and geographic dispersion;

•

risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign legal requirements, including any importation, certification, and localization of our platform that may be required in foreign countries;

•

greater risk of unexpected changes in applicable foreign laws, regulatory practices, tariffs, and tax laws and treaties;

•

compliance with anti-bribery laws, including the FCPA, the U.S. Travel Act and the Bribery Act, violations of which could lead to significant fines, penalties, and collateral consequences;

•

heightened risk of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, or irregularities in, financial statements;

•

the uncertainty of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

•

general economic and political conditions in these foreign markets;

•

foreign exchange controls or tax regulations that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the United States;

•

political and economic instability in some countries;

•

the potential for foreign government demands for access to information or corporate property;

•

double taxation of international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the United States or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate;

•

unexpected costs for the localization of services, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices and regulatory requirements;

•

requirements to comply with foreign privacy, data protection, and information security laws and regulations and the risks and costs of noncompliance;

•

greater difficulty in identifying, attracting and retaining local qualified personnel, and the costs and expenses associated with such activities;

•

greater difficulty identifying qualified distribution partners and maintaining successful relationships with such partners;

•

differing employment practices and labor relations issues; and

•

difficulties in managing and staffing international offices and increased travel, infrastructure, and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations.

Adverse changes in global, regional or local economic conditions, including recession or slowing growth, the COVID-19 pandemic or other global or local health issues, changes or uncertainty in fiscal, monetary, or trade policy, higher interest rates, tighter credit, inflation, lower capital expenditures by businesses including on IT infrastructure, increases in unemployment, and lower consumer confidence and spending, periodically occur. Increased costs for supply chain expenses, driven in part by inflation, have negatively impacted our results of operations and may continue to impact our results of operations. Inflation may also continue to cause increased supply, employee, facilities and infrastructure costs, decreased demand for our services and volatility in the financial markets. To the extent such inflation continues, increases or both, it may reduce our margins and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Additionally, all of our sales contracts are currently denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the cost of our solutions to our international customers, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, an increasing portion of operating expenses is expected to be incurred outside the United States and denominated in foreign currencies, and will be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If we become more exposed to currency fluctuations and are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

In addition, international nation states continue to increase their threats of action against other countries and high profile companies in them, as has most recently been evidenced by statements made by certain leaders relating to the recent military activity in Ukraine. The fact that we provide products and services to high profile customers in many of the countries that have been and remain under such threats and the high profile of leaders associated with us make those customers and us potential targets for attacks by those nation states and their proxies creating additional risks to our ability to continue to expand and operate effectively.

As we continue to develop and grow our business globally, our success will depend in large part on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. Our failure to successfully manage international operations and the associated risks could limit the future growth of our business.

Our business will be subject to the risks of natural catastrophic events and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions, computer viruses, data security breaches or terrorism.

A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a fire, a flood, or significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Natural disasters could affect our personnel, data centers, supply chain, manufacturing vendors, or logistics providers’ ability to provide materials and perform services such as manufacturing products or assisting with shipments on a timely basis. In addition, climate change could result

in an increase in the frequency or severity of natural disasters. In the event that we or our service providers’ information technology systems or manufacturing or logistics abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, we could result in missed financial targets, such as revenue, for a particular quarter. In addition, computer malware, viruses and computer hacking, fraudulent use attempts and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in the cybersecurity industry, and our internal systems may be victimized by such attacks. Likewise, we could be subject to other man-made problems, including but not limited to power disruptions, terrorist acts and the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

Although we maintain incident management and disaster response plans, in the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, and our insurance may not cover such events or may be insufficient to compensate it for the potentially significant losses we may incur. Acts of terrorism and other geo-political unrest could also cause disruptions in our business or the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners, or customers or the economy as a whole. Any disruption to our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners or customers that impacts sales at the end of a fiscal quarter could have a significant adverse impact on our financial results. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if disaster recovery plans prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the delay in the manufacture, deployment, or shipment of our products, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Number

2.1

Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger, dated March 15, 2021.

S-4/A

333-256129

2.1

August 6, 2021

2.2

Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger, dated August
 6, 2021.

S-4/A

333-256129

2.2

August 6, 2021

3.1

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Registrant.

8-K

001-39125

3.1

September 1, 2021

3.2

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.

8-K

001-39125

3.2

September 1, 2021

31.1

Certification
 of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification
 of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certifications
 of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document – instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data
File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension
information contained in Exhibits 101.SCH, 101.CAL, 101.DEF, 101.LAB and 101.PRE).

*This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange
Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective
of any general incorporation language in such filings.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		IRONNET, INC.

Date:	June 14, 2022	By:	/s/ James C. Gerber
			James C. Gerber
			Chief Financial Officer
			(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)

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