Independent Test: Focus Graphite Succeeds in Producing Extremely
High-Performing Coated Spherical Graphite For Lithium Ion Batteries
Creates the Potential for High Value Sales in the Li-Ion Battery
Sector
OTTAWA, ONTARIO--(Marketwired - May 27, 2014) - Focus Graphite
Inc. (TSX-VENTURE:FMS)(OTCQX:FCSMF)(FRANKFURT:FKC) ("Focus" or the
"Company") is very pleased to announce the results from coin cell
tests for the lithium ion battery market recently performed on Lac
Knife Spherical Graphite ("SPG").
Focus Graphite is
the sole owner of the world-class, high-grade Lac Knife natural
flake graphite project in Quebec. The Company's aim is to become
one of the lowest cost producers of high-purity technology graphite
from a vertically integrated business strategy.
Testing was
conducted by a globally recognized, North American laboratory with
particular expertise in processes related to lithium ion battery
technologies. Its clients are some of the most advanced
technology-related corporations in the world. The laboratory has
completed its testing and has measured the performance properties
of Lac Knife's materials on an environmentally sustainable basis.
Focus Graphite has withheld the name of the laboratory for reasons
of commercial and competitive confidentiality.
Highlights
- Lac Knife SPG battery tests evaluate three proprietary
formulations that responded very well to CR2016 coin cell
performance testing
- Large, medium and fine micron size produced outstanding
performance metrics
- Testing results on the premium medium and fine grades exceed
the performance of benchmark commercially available grades by
significant percentages.
- Tests confirm Focus' capability to tailor lithium ion battery
anode grade graphite and value added products to meet the most
stringent customer specifications
Focus Graphite |
Reversible Capacity |
Irreversible Capacity Loss |
|
Surface Area |
|
Coin Cell Test Samples |
(Ah/kg) |
(%) |
|
(m2/g) |
|
Coarse Carbon Coated SPG Grade (D90=42um) |
362.1 |
6.80 |
% |
0.64 |
% |
Medium Carbon Coated SPG Grade (D50=24um) |
363.7 |
1.44 |
% |
0.48 |
% |
Fine Carbon Coated SPG Grade (D50=17um) |
365.1 |
1.01 |
% |
1.14 |
% |
A benchmark
commercial grade of SPG provided a reversible capacity (RC) in the
range of 345 to 355 Ah/kg and an irreversible capacity loss (ICL)
of 6.5 %, a significantly higher loss compared to the 1.44% and
1.01% ICL for Lac Knife's medium and fine grade samples shown
above.
In Lockstep With
Industry
"Recent comments by
leading North American auto makers signalled two significant market
realities," said Focus CEO and Director Gary Economo.
"The first is the
need to lower the costs of battery materials to encourage broader
consumer interest in moving to electric vehicles. The second is
that the potential North American battery market may well enjoy a
much larger than anticipated growth in demand," Mr. Economo
said.
"Again, these
results add another layer of material value that holds the
potential to de-risk even further our global enterprise goals," he
said.
A detailed summary
of the SPG tests is provided below.
SPG grades developed
by Focus Graphite may help to solve one of the more difficult
challenges holding back market growth for Li Ion batteries,
"Increasing cycling capacity." One of the problems in using carbon
based materials in Li Ion batteries is that it results in the
formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interface ("SEI") layer which
produces an irreversible capacity loss which generally ranges
between 5 and 10% for benchmark SPG grades currently available in
the market place.
Irreversible
capacity loss means that a portion of the valuable lithium and
graphite is wasted. Thus the efficiency is reduced and the cost
increased. Lac Knife anode graphite is unique in having such a low
loss.
Two premium (medium
and fine) grade SPG's developed by Focus have achieved First Cycle
Irreversible Capacity Losses of 1.44% and 1.01%, respectively,
truly remarkable results. These lower ICL values of the SPG grades
produced by Focus can lead to the production of higher capacity and
longer life Li Ion batteries.
Furthermore, the low
surface areas of the premium coated grades of SPG at 0.48 and 1.14%
m2/g can help to improve the safety of Li Ion batteries. The use of
higher surface area carbons in these batteries can cause the
temperature of the battery to increase and possibly result in the
occurrence of thermal runaways.
Figure 1: The following
Galvanostatic charge-discharge curve for the fine SPG grade
illustrates the very promising nature of the Lac Knife concentrate.
To view Figure 1,
please visit the following link:
http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/fms-figure1.pdf.
This material has
demonstrated a reversible capacity of 365.08 Ah/kg and an
irreversible capacity loss of an ultra low 1.01%. The performance
metric is calculated between the two curves in the chart above is
the difference between 368.8 and 365.08 on a percentage basis.
Approximately an 80% improvement over commercial benchmark grades
was achieved.
The unique
properties of the Lac Knife high carbon content concentrate that
grades 98% C even in the finer grade products down to 200 mesh (75
microns) that are usually the most difficult products to sell. This
holds the potential to allow Focus market access to significantly
higher margin value added products with a finer grade lower cost
product creating a unique opportunity. Additionally, Focus plans to
offer the higher value large flake to other growing markets.
The -100 mesh size
(150 microns), 98% C and +65 mesh size (230 microns) flake products
spheronize very well establishing a unique Lac Knife concentrate
quality.
Potentially these
excellent Irreversible Capacity Loss ("ICL") results from the Lac
Knife high quality flake uncoated concentrate are due to low
reactivity at the flake edges compared to other graphite
concentrates underlying its inherent value as a feed to the
secondary battery market in a green technology revolution.
Also included in the
study is a scanning electron photomicrograph of the 99.98 %
purified high purity large flake graphite (See Figure 2 below)
produced on both a laboratory and pilot plant scale from 98% C Lac
Knife +65 mesh flake concentrate. This photomicrograph indicates
that the Lac Knife concentrates are uniquely suited to produce high
purity lithium ion battery grade graphite. What is important to
note is that Lac Knife graphite concentrate consists of very pure
graphite flakes with impurities located on the surface of the
flakes.
Figure 2: Photomicrograph of
Thermally Purified Flake Graphite showing exceptionally clean
surfaces and grading 99.98% C. To view Figure 2, please visit the
following link:
http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/fms-figure2.pdf.
Such surface
impurities can be removed by using less expensive technologies. In
the most competitive concentrates on the market, the impurities are
intercalated or sandwiched within the layers and are more difficult
to remove requiring higher cost processing methods during
purification.
Figure 3: Photomicrograph of
Thermally Purified Spherical Graphite grading 99.9% C. To view
Figure 3, please
visit the following link:
http://media3.marketwire.com/docs/fms-figure3.pdf.
The quality of the
Lac Knife concentrate is continuing to create the potential for
increased margins through to value added products and confirms the
Company's plan to evaluate the potential of secondary
transformation for as much of the Lac Knife production as is
possible. The potential for increased margins from the secondary
transformation of graphite concentrate is not included in the
current Preliminary Economic Assessment for the project.
Current prices for
coated, spherical graphite are at the $8,000 per tonne point. This
compares to $20,000 per tonne for battery grade synthetic graphite,
the only alternative for the anode in the battery.
"Commercially and
competitively, these results open the door for Focus to confidently
accelerate our plans to market and sell our battery grade, high
margin products to potential partners and customers," said Focus
President and COO Don Baxter.
"The data presented
validates Lac Knife's potential to become a North American source
of low-cost high purity flake graphite concentrate that could,
possibly, lead to the production of batteries with better
performance," Mr. Baxter stated.
"Further, these
results enable us to continue with our vision of producing value
added products. In particular, Focus' Director of Manufacturing and
Technology Dr. Joseph Doninger and our Consultant, Mr. George
Hawley have the capability to lead Focus through the development of
various lithium ion battery products with the aim of building
higher margin applications and downstream products" Mr. Baxter
said.
Dr. Doninger said:
"The Lac Knife premium medium and fine grades of coated SPG at
1.44% and 1.01% first cycle irreversible capacity losses and 0.48
and 1.14 m2/g surface areas are better than any similar sized SPGs
that I've ever seen."
Battery
manufacturers require a cost competitive alternative to current
sources of natural SPG. China produces about 90% of the world's
purified natural SPG, utilizing methods that are generally regarded
as environmentally unsustainable.
Qualified
Persons
Don Baxter, P. Eng.,
Focus President & Chief Operating Officer, is a Qualified
Person as defined by NI 43-101 guidelines, has reviewed and
approved the technical content of this news release.
About Focus
Graphite
Focus Graphite Inc.
is an emerging mid-tier junior mining development company, a
technology solutions supplier and a business innovator. Focus is
the owner of the Lac Knife graphite deposit located in the
Côte-Nord region of north-eastern Québec. The Lac Knife project
hosts a NI 43-101 compliant Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource
Estimate* of 9.6 million tons grading 14.77% graphitic carbon (Cg)
as crystalline graphite with an additional Inferred Mineral
Resource Estimate* of 3.1 million tons grading 13.25% Cg of
crystalline graphite. Focus' goal is to assume an industry
leadership position by becoming a low-cost producer of
technology-grade graphite. On November 7, 2013 the Company released
the results of an updated Preliminary Economic Assessment ("PEA")
of the Lac Knife Project that indicated that the project has very
good potential to become a graphite producer. As a
technology-oriented enterprise with a view to building long-term,
sustainable shareholder value, Focus also invests in the
development of graphene applications and patents through Grafoid
Inc.
* Mineral
resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated
economic viability
Forward Looking
Statement
This News Release
contains "forward-looking information" within the meaning of
Canadian securities legislation. All information contained herein
that is not clearly historical in nature may constitute
forward-looking information. Generally, such forward-looking
information can be identified by the use of forward-looking
terminology such as "plans", "expects" or "does not expect", "is
expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts",
"intends", "anticipates" or "does not anticipate", or "believes",
or variations of such words and phrases or state that certain
actions, events or results "may", "could", "would", "might" or
"will be taken", "occur" or "be achieved". Forward-looking
information is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties
and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of
activity, performance or achievements of the Company to be
materially different from those expressed or implied by such
forward-looking information, including but not limited to: (i)
volatile stock price; (ii) the general global markets and economic
conditions; (iii) the possibility of write-downs and impairments;
(iv) the risk associated with exploration, development and
operations of mineral deposits; (v) the risk associated with
establishing title to mineral properties and assets; (vi)the risks
associated with entering into joint ventures; (vii) fluctuations in
commodity prices; (viii) the risks associated with uninsurable
risks arising during the course of exploration, development and
production; (ix) competition faced by the resulting issuer in
securing experienced personnel and financing; (x) access to
adequate infrastructure to support mining, processing, development
and exploration activities; (xi) the risks associated with changes
in the mining regulatory regime governing the resulting issuer;
(xii) the risks associated with the various environmental
regulations the resulting issuer is subject to; (xiii) risks
related to regulatory and permitting delays; (xiv) risks related to
potential conflicts of interest; (xv) the reliance on key
personnel; (xvi) liquidity risks; (xvii) the risk of potential
dilution through the issue of common shares; (xviii) the Company
does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near term; (xix) the
risk of litigation; and (xx) risk management. Forward-looking
information is based on assumptions management believes to be
reasonable at the time such statements are made, including but not
limited to, continued exploration activities, no material adverse
change in metal prices, exploration and development plans
proceeding in accordance with plans and such plans achieving their
stated expected outcomes, receipt of required regulatory approvals,
and such other assumptions and factors as set out herein. Although
the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could
cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in
the forward-looking information, there may be other factors that
cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended.
There can be no assurance that such forward-looking information
will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events
could differ materially from those anticipated in such
forward-looking information. Such forward-looking information has
been provided for the purpose of assisting investors in
understanding the Company's business, operations and exploration
plans and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Accordingly,
readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking
information. Forward-looking information is made as of the date of
this News Release, and the Company does not undertake to update
such forward-looking information except in accordance with
applicable securities laws.
Focus Graphite Inc.Mr. Don Baxter, P.EngPresident and Chief
Operating
Officer705-789-9706dbaxter@focusgraphite.comwww.focusgraphite.com
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