GERS Greenshift Corporation (PK)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

REFERENCES TO THE COMPANY

References to " we ," " our ," " us ," " GreenShift " or the " Company " in the consolidated financial statements and in these notes to the consolidated financial statements refer to GreenShift Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities which we control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on a consolidated basis for reporting purposes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

We develop and commercialize clean technologies that facilitate the more efficient use of natural resources. We are focused on doing so today in the U.S. and international ethanol industry, where we innovate and offer technologies that improve the profitability of licensed ethanol producers. We generate revenue by licensing our technologies to ethanol producers in exchange for ongoing royalty and other license fees. During the year ended December 31, 2015 four customers each provided over 10% of our revenue and 67% of total revenue in the aggregate; during the year ended December 31, 2014, two customers each provided over 10% of our revenue and 46% of total revenue in the aggregate (see Note 3, Significant Accounting Policies for Revenue Recognition policies).

FUTURE IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers which modifies how all entities recognize revenue and various other revenue accounting standards for specialized transactions and industries. This update is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of the ASU to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently evaluating the possible impact of ASU 2014-15, but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Accounting for Share-Based Payments. The amendments in ASU 2014-12 to Topic 718, provides guidance on accounting for a performance target in a share-based payment that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period as a performance condition under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. The target is not reflected in the estimation of the award's grant date fair value. Compensation cost would be recognized over the required service period, if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company is currently evaluating the possible impact of ASU 2014-12, but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.  Under this amendment, management is now required to determine every interim and annual period whether conditions or events exist that raise substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. If management indicates that it is probable the entity will not be able to meet its obligations as they become due within the assessment period, then management must evaluate whether it is probable that plans to mitigate those factors will alleviate that substantial doubt. The Company is currently evaluating the possible impact of ASU 2014-15, but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, or ASU No. 2015-02. The amendments of ASU No. 2015-02 were issued in an effort to minimize situations under previously existing guidance in which a reporting entity was required to consolidate another legal entity in which that reporting entity did not have: (1) the ability through contractual rights to act primarily on its own behalf; (2) ownership of the majority of the legal entity's voting rights; or (3) the exposure to a majority of the legal entity's economic benefits. ASU No. 2015-02 affects reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. The guidance in ASU No. 2015-02 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the possible impact of ASU 2014-15, but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU-2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments of ASU NO. 2015-11 were issued in an effort to change the measurement principle for inventory from the lower of cost or market to lower of cost and the net realizable value. The guidance in ASU NO. 2015-11 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the possible impact of ASU 2015-11, but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company recorded a loss from operations of $294,155 for the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $1.9 million in cash, and current liabilities exceeded current assets by about $11.5 million, which included derivative liabilities of $7.1 million and $8.8 million in convertible debentures, or $4.3 million net of a $4.5 million note discount, for a total of about $11.5 million. None of these items are required to be serviced out of the Company's regular cash flows.

The $2.5 million paid by the Company's parent, Bitzio, Inc. ("Bitzio"), to the Company was drawn from a loan of $2.9 million made to Bitzio by TCA Global Credit Master Fund, LP ("TCA"). The loan was made on December 31, 2015, pursuant to a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), under which TCA may lend to Bitzio up to $5.0 million. The Company and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, has executed a Guaranty Agreement dated December 31, 2015, in favor of TCA. In the Guaranty Agreement, the Company and each of its subsidiaries guaranteed payment of all amounts due to TCA under the Credit Agreement. By separate agreements, the Company and each subsidiary pledged all of its assets to secure the guaranty to TCA.

These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to satisfy our obligations will depend on our success in obtaining financing, our success in preserving current revenue sources and developing new revenue sources, and our success in negotiating with the creditors. Management's plans to resolve the Company's working capital deficit by increasing revenue, reducing debt and exploring new financing options. There can be no assurances that the Company will be able to eliminate its working capital deficit and that the Company's historical operating losses will not recur. The accompanying financial statements do not contain any adjustments which may be required as a result of this uncertainty.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

All significant intercompany balances and transactions were eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements for the periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 have been consolidated to include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

We determined our reporting units in accordance with FASB ASC 280, " Segment Reporting " ("ASC 280"). We evaluate a reporting unit by first identifying its operating segments under ASC 280. We then evaluate each operating segment to determine if it includes one or more components that constitute a business. If there are components within an operating segment that meet the definition of a business, we evaluate those components to determine if they must be aggregated into one or more reporting units. If applicable, when determining if it is appropriate to aggregate different operating segments, we determine if the segments are economically similar and, if so, the operating segments are aggregated. We have one operating segment and reporting unit. We operate in one reportable business segment; we provide technologies and related products and services to U.S.-based ethanol producers. We are organized and operated as one business. We exclusively sell our technologies, products and services to ethanol producers that have entered into license agreements with the Company. No sales of any kind occur, and no costs of sales of any kind are incurred, in the absence of a license agreement. A single management team that reports to the chief operating decision maker comprehensively manages the entire business. We do not operate any material separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to our technologies, products and services. The Company does not accumulate discrete financial information according to the nature or structure of any specific technology, product and/or service provided to the Company's licensees. Instead, management reviews its business as a single operating segment, using financial and other information rendered meaningful only by the fact that such information is presented and reviewed in the aggregate. Discrete financial information is not available by more than one operating segment, and disaggregation of our operating results would be impracticable.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue from licensing of the Company's corn oil extraction technologies when corn oil sales occur. Licensing royalties are recognized as earned by calculating the royalty as a percentage of gross corn oil sales by the ethanol plants. For the purposes of assessing royalties, the sale of corn oil is deemed to occur when shipped, which is when four basic criteria have been met: (i) persuasive evidence of a customer arrangement; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable; (iii) collectability is reasonably assured, and (iv) product delivery has occurred, which is generally upon shipment to the buyer of the corn oil. To the extent revenues are generated from the Company's licensing support services, the Company recognizes such revenues when the services are completed and billed. The Company provides process engineering services on fixed price contracts.  These services are generally provided over a short period of less than three months.  Revenue from fixed price contracts is recognized on a pro rata basis over the life of the contract as they are generally performed evenly over the contract period. The Company additionally performs under fixed-price contracts involving design, engineering, procurement, installation, and start-up of oil recovery and other production systems. Revenues and fees on these contracts are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. During 2014 and 2015, our percentage-of-completion methods included the efforts-expended percentage-of-completion method and the cost-to-cost method. The efforts-expended method utilizes using measures such as task duration and completion. The efforts-expended approach is used in situations where it is more representative of progress on a contract than the cost-to-cost or the labor-hours method (see below). The Company also used the cost-to-cost method which is used to determine the percentage of completion of a project based on the actual costs incurred. Earnings are recognized periodically based upon our estimate of contract revenues and costs in providing the services required under the contract.  The percentage of completion method must be used in lieu of the completed contract method when all of the following are present:  reasonably reliable estimates can be made of revenue and costs; the construction contract specifies the parties' rights as to the goods, consideration to be paid and received, and the resulting terms of payment or settlement; the contract purchaser has the ability and expectation to perform all contractual duties; and the contract contractor has the same ability and expectation to perform. Under the completed contract method income is recognized only when a contract is completed or substantially completed. The asset, "costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts," represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, "billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts," represents billings in excess of revenues recognized.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The carrying values of accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to their short term maturities. The carrying values of the Company's long-term debt approximate their fair values based upon a comparison of the interest rate and terms of such debt to the rates and terms of debt currently available to the Company. It was not practical to estimate the fair value of the convertible debt. In order to do so, it would be necessary to obtain an independent valuation of these unique instruments. The cost of that valuation would not be justified in light of the materiality of the instruments to the Company.

EQUITY INVESTMENTS

Equity investments in which the Company exercises significant influence but does not control and is not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method. The Company's share of its equity method investee's earnings or losses is included in other income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

RECEIVABLES AND CREDIT CONCENTRATION

Accounts receivable are uncollateralized, non-interest-bearing customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 days from the invoice date. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer. Accounts receivable in excess of 90 days old are evaluated for delinquency. In addition, we consider historical bad debts and current economic trends in evaluating the allowance for bad debts. Payments of accounts receivable are allocated to the specific invoices identified on the customer's remittance advice or, if unspecified, are applied to the oldest unpaid invoices. The carrying amount of accounts receivable has been reduced by a valuation allowance that has been set up in the amount $51,000 and $10,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Management will continue to review the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.

INVENTORIES

The Company maintains an inventory of equipment and components used in systems designed to extract corn oil from licensed ethanol production facilities. The inventory, which consists of equipment and component parts, is held for sale to the Company's licensees on an as needed basis. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined by the specific identification method. Inventories at December 31, 2015 and 2014 consist of the following:

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company evaluated the inventory on its books and determined that a write-down to market was necessary.  As a result, the Company wrote down inventory by $236,896 in 2015, which was expensed under cost of goods sold as a loss on inventory valuation.

CASH AND EQUIVALENTS

The Company considers cash and equivalents to be cash and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of acquisition.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or their useful lives. Gains and losses on depreciable assets retired or sold are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the year of disposal, and repair and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements which extend the life or usefulness of the asset are capitalized. Once an asset has been completed and placed in service, it is transferred to the appropriate category and depreciation commences. The Company uses the straight line method for depreciation and depreciates equipment over the estimated useful life of the assets: office and computer equipment over 3-5 years and corn oil extraction systems over a 10 year period. Gains and losses on depreciable assets retired or sold are recognized in the statement of operations in the year of disposal, and repair and maintenance expenditures are expensed as incurred. Property and equipment are stated at cost and include amounts capitalized under capital lease obligations.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company accounts for its intangible assets pursuant to ASC 350-20-55-24, " Intangibles – Goodwill and Other" . Under ASC 350, intangibles with definite lives continue to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or contractual terms. Intangibles with indefinite lives are evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing the asset's estimated fair value with its carrying value, based on cash flow methodology. Intangibles with definite lives are subject to impairment testing in the event of certain indicators. Impairment in the carrying value of an asset is recognized whenever anticipated future cash flows (undiscounted) from an asset are estimated to be less than its carrying value. The amount of the impairment recognized is the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its fair value.

LONG-LIVED ASSETS

The Company assesses the valuation of components of its property and equipment and other long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances dictate that the carrying value might not be recoverable. The Company bases its evaluation on indicators such as the nature of the assets, the future economic benefit of the assets, any historical or future profitability measurements and other external market conditions or factors that may be present. If such factors indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable, the Company determines whether an impairment has occurred by analyzing an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist. If the estimate of undiscounted cash flows during the estimated useful life of the asset is less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company recognizes a loss for the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its estimated fair value, generally measured by the present value of the estimated cash flows.

INCOME TAXES

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax rates expected to be in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. All of the subsidiaries are consolidated for state income tax purposes.

BASIC AND DILUTED INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

The Company computes its net income or loss per common share under the provisions of ASC 260, " Earnings per Share ," whereby basic net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Dilutive net loss per share excludes potential common shares issuable upon conversion of all derivative securities if the effect is anti-dilutive. Thus, common stock issuable upon exercise or conversion of options, warrants, convertible preferred stock, or convertible debentures are excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share, but are included in computation of diluted net income per share. During the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we reported net income and accordingly included potentially dilutive instruments in the fully diluted net income per share calculation and the dilutive effect of convertible instruments were determined by application of the if-converted method.

The following is a reconciliation of weighted common shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share:

 

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We use estimates and assumptions in accounting for the following significant matters, among others:

Actual results may differ from previously estimated amounts, and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements. We periodically review estimates and assumptions, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the period in which the revision is made. The revisions to estimates or assumptions during the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements were not considered to be significant.

DEFERRED REVENUE

Deposits from customers are not recognized as revenues, but as liabilities, until the following conditions are met: revenues are realized when cash or claims to cash (receivable) are received in exchange for goods or services or when assets received in such exchange are readily convertible to cash or claim to cash or when such goods/services are transferred. When such income item is earned, the related revenue item is recognized, and the deferred revenue is reduced. To the extent revenues are generated from the Company's licensing support services, the Company recognizes such revenues when services are completed and billed. The Company has received deposits from its various clients that have been recorded as deferred revenue in the amount of $0 as of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

DEFERRED FINANCING CHARGES AND DEBT DISCOUNTS

Costs incurred with parties who are providing the actual long-term financing, which generally include the value of warrants or the fair value of an embedded derivative conversion feature are reflected as a debt discount. These discounts are amortized over the life of the related debt.

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Certain of the Company's debt and equity instruments include embedded derivatives that require bifurcation from the host contract under the provisions of ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging . Under the provisions of these statements, the Company records the related derivative liabilities at fair value and records the accounting gain or loss resulting from the change in fair values at the end of each reporting period. Change in the derivatives instruments resulted in gain of $1,040,474 for the year ended December 31, 2015.

FAIR VALUE INSTRUMENTS

Effective July 1 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures . This topic defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance supersedes all other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements.

Effective July 1 2009, the Company adopted ASC 820-10-55-23A, Scope Application to Certain Non-Financial Assets and Certain Non-Financial Liabilities , delaying application for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities as permitted. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In January 2010, the FASB issued an update to ASC 820, which requires additional disclosures about inputs into valuation techniques, disclosures about significant transfers into or out of Levels 1 and 2, and disaggregation of purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the Level 3 rollforward disclosure.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

 

For 2014, the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities was determined using the present value model calculating fair value based on the conversion discount as well as the present value based on term and bond rate. During the year ended December 31, 2015 the following assumptions were used: (1) conversion discounts of 10% to 50%; (2) term of less than one year to 8 years and (3) bond rate of 10%.

For 2015, the fair value of most embedded derivative liabilities was determined using the present value model calculating fair value based on the conversion discount as well as the present value based on term and bond rate. During the year ended December 31, 2015 the following assumptions were used: (1) conversion discounts of 10%; (2) term of less than one year to 7 years and (3) bond rate of 10%. The Company also used the Black Scholes methodology with a weighted probability calculation for conversion features with a reset provision utilizing the following assumptions: (1) conversion discounts of 40% to 50%; (2) term of two years; (3) the US Treasury rate for two year maturities and (4) 296% volatility. At December 31, 2015, the Company valued the conversion features using the following assumptions: dividend yield of zero, years to maturity of 2.0 years, Discount rate of 0.14 percent, and annualized volatility of 296%.

During the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, the change in the fair value of the derivative resulted in an accounting gain of $566,686 and $1,040,474, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of the derivative liabilities was $7,148,016.

Fluctuations in the conversion discount percentage and/or volatility have the greatest effect on the value of the derivative liabilities valuations during each reporting period. As the conversion discount percentage increases for each of the related conversion liabilities instruments, the change in the value of the conversion liabilities increases, therefore increasing the liabilities on the Company's balance sheet. The higher the conversion discount percentage, the higher the liability. A 10% change in the conversion discount percentage would result in more than a $2,088,439 change in our Level 3 fair value.

The following table presents the embedded derivatives, the Company's only financial assets measured and recorded at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy during the year ended December 31, 2015:

 

The following table reconciles, for the period ended December 31, 2015, the beginning and ending balances for financial instruments that are recognized at fair value in the consolidated financial statements:

We accounted for our convertible debt in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible debentures could result in the note principal and related accrued interest being converted to a variable number of our common shares. The conversion feature on these debentures is variable and based on trailing market prices. It therefore contains an embedded derivative. The fair value of the conversion feature was calculated when the debentures were issued, and we recorded a note discount and derivative liability for the calculated value. We recognize interest expense for the excess value over the face value of the debt and for the accretion of the note discount over the term of the note. The conversion liability is valued at the end of each reporting period and results in a gain or loss for the change in fair value. Due to the volatile nature of our stock, the change in the derivative liability and the resulting gain or loss will usually be material to our results.

The Company has retrospectively adjusted its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2014, to reflect a change in accounting principle in order to conform to Bitzio's accounting methodology on their consolidated financial statements. The Company has accounted for our convertible debt in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible debentures could result in the note principal and related accrued interest being converted to a variable number of our common shares. The table below summarizes the impact of the change described above on financial information previously reported on the Company's Forms 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2014:

 

STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The Company accounts for stock, stock options and stock warrants issued for services and compensation by employees under the fair value method. For non-employees, the fair market value of the Company's stock is measured on the date of stock issuance or the date an option/warrant is granted as appropriate under ASC 718 "Compensation – Stock Compensation". The Company determined the fair market value of the warrants/options issued under the Black-Scholes Pricing Model. Effective July 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 718, which establishes accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services. Under the provisions ASC 718, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).

The Company maintains cash balances with financial institutions that at times may exceed the limits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Accounts receivable are uncollateralized, non-interest-bearing customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 days from the invoice date. Accounts receivable are stated at the amount billed to the customer. Four customer balances each exceeded 10% of accounts receivable; one customer's revenue represented 58% of total revenue.

SERIES B PREFERRED STOCK

Each share of Series B Preferred Stock may be converted by the holder into 0.025 shares of common stock. Holders of Series B Shares are entitled to vote and participate in dividends on an as-converted basis. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were 2,480,544 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

SERIES D PREFERRED STOCK

Shares of the Series D Preferred Stock (the "Series D Shares") were convertible by the holder into Company common stock. The conversion ratio was such that the full 1,000,000 Series D Shares originally issued could convert into Company common shares representing 80% of the fully diluted outstanding common shares outstanding after the conversion (which includes all common shares outstanding plus all common shares potentially issuable upon the conversion of all derivative securities not held by the holder). The holder of Series D Shares could cast the number of votes at a shareholders meeting or by written consent that equals the number of common shares into which the Series D Shares are convertible on the record date for the shareholder action. In the event the Board of Directors declared a dividend payable to Company common shareholders, the holders of Series D Shares will receive the dividend that would be payable if the Series D Shares were converted into Company common shares prior to the dividend. In the event of a liquidation of the Company, the holders of Series D Shares would receive a preferential distribution of $0.001 per share, and would share in the distribution as if the Series D Shares had been converted into common shares. The Company issued 800,000 Series D Shares to Viridis Capital LLC ("Viridis"), and 62,500 Series D Shares to Minority Interest Fund (II) LLC ("MIF"). While the Company additionally entered into an agreement on September 30, 2011, to issue an additional 124,875 Series D Shares to Acutus Capital LLC ("AC") in exchange for the elimination of debt, the associated shares were never issued. On December 31, 2015, MIF and AC assigned their respective beneficial ownership interests in the Series D Shares to EXO Opportunity Fund LLC ("EXO"). EXO, in turn, assigned the corresponding beneficial interests to Bitzio, Inc. ("Bitzio") in exchange for 200,000 shares of Bitzio Series E Preferred Stock. On the same date, FLUX Carbon Corporation, an entity owned by Kevin Kreisler, the Company's chairman, transferred its ownership interest in Viridis to Bitzio, Inc. ("Bitzio"). As a result of the foregoing transactions, on December 31, 2015, Bitzio was the beneficial owner of 862,500 Series D Shares, as well as AC's 2011 contractual right to receive an additional 124,875 Series D Shares, all of which was exchanged for 700,000 shares of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock. In connection with the foregoing transactions, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination of the Series D Preferred Stock.

SERIES F PREFERRED STOCK

Effective January 1, 2010, GS CleanTech Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed an Amended and Restated Technology Acquisition Agreement ("TAA") with Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC ("CWT"), David F. Cantrell, David Winsness, Gregory P. Barlage and John W. Davis (the "Sellers") pursuant to which the parties amended and restated the method of calculating the purchase price for the Company's corn oil extraction technology (the "Technology"). The TAA provides for the payment by the Company of royalties in connection with the Company's corn oil extraction technologies, the reduction of those royalties as the Sellers receive payment, and a mechanism for conversion of accrued or prepaid royalties into Company common stock. To achieve this latter mechanism, the Company agreed to issue to the Sellers a one-time prepayment in the form of 1,000,000 shares of redeemable Series F Preferred Stock with a face value of $10 per preferred share. The Series F preferred shares are redeemable at face value and a rate equal to the amount royalties paid or prepaid under the TAA. In addition, the Sellers have the right to convert the Series F preferred shares to pay or prepay royalties at a rate equal to the cash proceeds received by the Sellers upon sale of the common shares issued upon conversion Series F preferred shares. The TAA provides for the payment to the Sellers of an initial royalty fee equal to the lesser of $0.10 per gallon or a percentage of net cash flows, both of which are reduced ratably to $0.025 per gallon upon payment, prepayment or conversion as described above. The Company's obligations under the TAA are guaranteed by Viridis, which guarantee was subordinated by the Sellers to the rights of YA Global under its guaranty agreement with Viridis (see Note 11, Guaranty Agreements , below). The Company accounted for the Series F preferred shares in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, as the conversion feature embedded in the convertible Series F preferred shares could result in the preferred shares being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares.  The Company determined the value of the Series F preferred shares at the grant date to be $925,926 which represented the estimated value of the preferred shares based on common shares into which they could be converted at the grant date, which included the present value of the conversion feature, which was determined to be $428,381. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized a reduction in conversion liability at present value of $120,626 for royalties paid under the agreement, and recorded an expense of $54,417 for the accretion to fair value at December 31, 2014. The liability for the conversion feature was settled at year-end (see below).

On December 31, 2015, CWT and the Company entered into an amended agreement pursuant to which CWT agreed to accept 20% of the Company's net cash receipts deriving from use of the Technology, after payment of all litigation costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees and expenses) and a debenture for $400,000 (see Note 9, Debt Obligations ), in exchange for all amounts accrued under the TAA and CWT's interest in the Series F Preferred Stock. No royalty amount shall accrue or be due and payable under the amended agreement until the earlier to occur of the date on which all such litigation costs and expenses have been paid on a current basis, the date on which the Company has successfully appealed the October 2014 ruling in the Company's pending infringement litigation, and all applicable appeal periods in connection therewith have expired, or the date on which the Company has entered into new license agreements for the Technology corresponding to an additional $1,000,000 in annualized revenue. Accordingly, the Company intends to eliminate authorization for its Series F Preferred Stock during 2016.

SERIES G PREFERRED STOCK

On December 31, 2015, GreenShift filed with the Delaware Secretary of State a Certificate of Designation of Series G Preferred Stock, designating 800,000 shares of preferred stock as Series G Preferred Stock. The Series G shares may be converted by the holder into Company common stock. The conversion ratio is such that the full 800,000 Series G shares convert into GreenShift common shares representing 80% of the fully diluted common shares outstanding after the conversion (which includes all common shares outstanding plus all common shares potentially issuable upon the conversion of all derivative securities not held by the holder). The holder of Series G shares may cast the number of votes at a shareholders meeting or by written consent that equals the number of common shares into which the Series G Shares are convertible on the record date for the shareholder action. In the event the Board of Directors declares a dividend payable to Company common shareholders, the holders of Series G shares will receive the dividend that would be payable if the Series G shares were converted into GreenShift common shares prior to the dividend. In the event of a liquidation of GreenShift, the holders of 800,000 Series G shares will receive a preferential distribution equal to 80% of the net assets available for distribution to the shareholders. On December 31, 2015, GreenShift issued 700,000 shares of Series G Preferred Stock to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bitzio in exchange for 862,500 shares of GreenShift's Series D Preferred Stock, as well as the contractual right to receive an additional 124,875 Series D Shares. On the same date, Bitzio purchased an additional 100,000 Series G Shares in exchange for $2,500,000 in cash. The Series G Preferred Stock were recorded at stated value due to the fact that the transactions were between entities under common control.

ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity , sets forth the requirements for determination of whether a financial instrument contains an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the host contract, therefore the Company evaluated whether the conversion feature for Series G Preferred Stock would require such treatment; one of the exceptions to bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature is that the conversion feature as a standalone instrument would be classified in stockholders' equity. Management has determined that the conversion option would not be classified as a liability as a standalone instrument, therefore it meets the exception for bifurcation of the embedded derivative under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging . ASC 815 addresses whether an instrument that is not under the scope of ASC 480 would be classified as liability or equity; one of the factors that would require liability classification is if the Company does not have sufficient authorized shares to effect the conversion. If a company could be required to obtain shareholder approval to increase the company's authorized shares in order to net-share or physically settle a contract, share settlement is not controlled by the company. The majority of the Company's outstanding shares of Series G Preferred Stock are owned by Bitzio, Inc. The majority shareholder of Bitzio, Inc., is FLUX Carbon Corporation ("FCC"), an entity owned by Kevin Kreisler, the chairman of the Company. If all the Series G shares held by Bitzio were converted and exceeded the number of authorized common shares, there would be no contingent factors or events that a third party could bring up that would prevent Mr. Kreisler from causing the Company to authorize the additional shares. There would be no need to go to anyone outside the Company for approval since Mr. Kreisler, through FCC, controls the Company's majority shareholder. As a result, the share settlement is controlled by the Company and with ASC 815. The Company assessed all other factors in ASC 815 to determine how the conversion feature would be classified. The only conditions under which the Company would be required to redeem its convertible preferred stock for cash would be in the event of a liquidation of the Company or in the event of a cash-out merger of the Company.

STOCK OPTIONS

The Company accounts for stock and stock options issued for services and compensation by employees under the fair value method. For non-employees, the fair market value of the Company's stock on the date of stock issuance or option/grant is used. The Company determined the fair market value of the options issued under the Black-Scholes Pricing Model. The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 718, which establishes accounting for equity instruments exchanged for employee services. Under the provisions of ASC 718, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant).  Activity under the plan and issuances of options and/or warrants for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

The weighted average remaining life of the outstanding options at December 31, 2015, all of which are exercisable, is 0.25 years.

COMMON STOCK

The Company completed a 1 for 100 reverse stock split on June 29, 2015. All stock prices, share amounts, per share information, stock options and stock warrants in this report reflect the impact of the reverse stock split applied retroactively. Every hundred shares of issued and outstanding Company common stock was automatically combined into one issued and outstanding share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. All fractional shares resulting from the reverse split were rounded to a full share.

During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company issued a total of 105,963,349 shares and 2,177,543 shares of common stock, respectively, upon conversion in period of $337,291 and $956,425, respectively, of principal and accrued interest due pursuant to the Company's various convertible debentures (see Note 9, Debt Obligations , below).

The Company has total deposits in the amount of $469,730 and $69,730, respectively as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.  For the year ended December 31, 2015, of this amount $400,000 has been classified under current assets. This amount will be used to settle an additional $2,939,300 in principal and interest due from GreenShift to various assignees of YAGI ("YAGI Assignees") during the first quarter of 2016 as the YAGI Assignees had until March 31, 2016 to accept the relevant settlement terms. (See Note 19, Subsequent Events).

The Company accounts for its intangible assets pursuant to ASC 350-20-55-24, " Intangibles – Goodwill and Other" . Under ASC 350, intangibles with definite lives continue to be amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or contractual terms. Intangibles with indefinite lives are evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing the asset's estimated fair value with its carrying value, based on cash flow methodology. Intangibles with definite lives are subject to impairment testing in the event of certain indicators. Impairment in the carrying value of an asset is recognized whenever anticipated future cash flows (undiscounted) from an asset are estimated to be less than its carrying value. The amount of the impairment recognized is the difference between the carrying value of the asset and its fair value.

The Company's intangible assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, include the following:

Amortization of intangible assets was $3,202 and $3,202 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 respectively. Estimated amortization expense for future years is as follows:

The property, plant and equipment has been fully depreciated.

 

A total of $8,844,282 in principal from the convertible debt noted above is convertible into the common stock of the Company. The following chart is presented to assist the reader in analyzing the Company's ability to fulfill its fixed debt service requirements as of December 31, 2015 and the Company's ability to meet such obligations:

YA GLOBAL INVESTMENTS, L.P.

The terms of the $5 million debenture assigned to EXO and the $25,000 balance due to the YA Global assignees noted above are nearly identical. Each debenture bears interest at 6% per annum, and each holder has the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the debenture into GreenShift's common stock at a rate equal to 90% of the lowest daily volume weighted average price of GreenShift's common stock during the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date. The debentures mature on December 31, 2017. The debentures also contain a "buy-in" provision in regards to potential cash-settled portion of any conversion.

GreenShift accounted for the foregoing debentures in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging , as the conversion feature embedded in each debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of GreenShift's common shares.

GreenShift determined the aggregate value of the YAGI Assignee debentures at December 31, 2014, to be $1,605,782 which represented the aggregate face value of the debentures of $1,445,266 plus the present value of the conversion feature. During the year ended December 31, 2015, GreenShift made payments against the YAGI Assignee debentures which resulted in a $25,227 reduction of the fair value of the conversion liability for the period. In addition, the value was reduced by $400,804 for conversion features eliminated upon retirement of the related debentures (see below) as well as a reduction of $16,655 due to conversions during the period. During the year ended December 31, 2015, a value of $16,655 was recognized for conversion features and accretion to fair value for new debentures assigned during the period. The carrying value of the YAGI Assignee debentures was $2,518,167 as of December 31, 2015, including principal of $2,266,426 and the value of the conversion liability. The present value of the liability for the conversion feature has reached its estimated settlement value of $251,760 as of December 31, 2015. Interest expense of $122,156 for these obligations was accrued for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The Company is prohibited under its loan agreements from issuing common shares at prices lower than those afforded to EXO in the absence of EXO's prior consent. The EXO Debenture provides for adjustments to the conversion price to the extent that the Company issues equity at a lower price in the future. As a result, in any such event, EXO would have the right to receive common shares upon conversion of the EXO Debenture at rates equal to the relevant lower rates. A note discount of $5,000,000 and a derivative liability of $7,484,632 were recorded at the time of the assignment. The Company accounted for the EXO Debenture in accordance with 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging , as the conversion feature embedded in the EXO Debenture could result in the note principal being converted to a variable number of the Company's common shares. The balance of the EXO Debenture (including the related note discount) was $4,500,000 at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, the Company valued the conversion features using a Black-Scholes model with a weighted probability calculation of the conversion price reset feature and the following assumptions: dividend yield of zero, years to maturity of 2.0 years, Discount rate of 0.14 percent, and annualized volatility of 296%. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the change in the fair value of the derivative resulted in an accounting gain of $248,463. As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of the derivative liability was $6,736,169.

As of December 31, 2010, the Company had convertible debentures payable to Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC ("MIF") in an aggregate principal amount of $3,988,326 (the "MIF Debenture") and convertible debentures payable to Viridis Capital LLC in an aggregate principal amount of $518,308 (the "Viridis 2010 Debenture"). Effective October 1, 2015, MIF assigned $557,500 of its convertible debt to EXO (the "EXO Debenture"). As of December 31, 2015, MIF assigned $100,000 of its balance to TKR Management LLC. During the year ended December 31, 2014, $95,390 and $70,812 in principal was converted into common stock as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the balances of the EXO, TKR, MIF and Viridis Debentures were $0, $100,000, $1,517,830, and $0, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued a $400,000 convertible debt to Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC ("CWT" and the "CWT Debenture") in exchange for all amounts accrued under the technology agreement and CWT's interest in the Series F Preferred Stock. CWT shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the convertible debenture into the Company's common stock at $0.001 per share.  The CWT Debenture matures December 31, 2018. The balance of the CWT Debenture was $400,000 at December 31, 2015.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company incurred $175,000 in convertible debt to Gerova Asset Back Holdings, LP ("Gerova" and the "Gerova Debenture"). Gerova shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the convertible debenture into the Company's common stock at a rate equal to 100% of the closing market price for the Company's common stock for the day preceding the conversion date.  The Gerova Debenture matures December 31, 2018. Gerova delivered a release in favor of the Company in respect of any and all amounts that may have been due under the Company's former guaranty agreement with Gerova. The balance of the Gerova Debenture was $175,000 at December 31, 2015. Interest expense of $3,500 for these obligations was accrued for the year ended December 31, 2015.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC assigned $200,000 of its convertible debt to Nicholas J. Morano, LLC ("Morano" and the "Morano Debenture").  Morano shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion.  During the year ended December 31, 2014, $75,746 in principal was converted into common stock.  Morano released the Company from its obligation to pay off the remaining balance on the debenture. The balance of principal and interest due under the Morano Debenture was $0 at December 31, 2015.

Effective December 31, 2015, Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC assigned $100,000 of its convertible debt to TRK Management, LLC ("TRK" and the "TRK Debenture").  TRK shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the accrued interest into the Company's common stock at 100% of the market price for the Company's common stock at the time of conversion.  The balance of the TRK Debenture was $100,000 at December 31, 2015.

FACILITIES

The Company's corporate headquarters are located in Alpharetta, Georgia. The Alpharetta lease is a one year term that terminated on January 31, 2016, at which time the lease was extended by another year. The monthly lease payment is $1,764.

INFRINGEMENT

On October 13, 2009, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office ("PTO") issued U.S. Patent No. 7,601,858, titled "Method of Processing Ethanol Byproducts and Related Subsystems" (the '858 Patent) to GS CleanTech Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of GreenShift Corporation. On October 27, 2009, the PTO issued U.S. Patent No. 7,608,729, titled "Method of Freeing the Bound Oil Present in Whole Stillage and Thin Stillage" (the '729 Patent) to GS CleanTech. Both the '858 Patent and the '729 Patent relate to the Company's corn oil extraction technologies. GS CleanTech Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary, subsequently filed legal actions in multiple jurisdictions alleging infringement by various persons and entities. Multiple additional related suits and countersuits were filed. On May 6, 2010, we submitted a "Motion to Transfer Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407 for Consolidated Pretrial Proceedings" to the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (the "Panel") located in Washington, D.C. In this motion, we moved the Panel to transfer and consolidate all pending suits involving infringement of our patents to one federal court for orderly and efficient review of all pre-trial matters. On August 6, 2010, the Panel ordered the consolidation and transfer of all pending suits in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Indiana for pretrial proceedings (the "MDL Case"). In October 2014, the District Court in Indiana ruled in favor of the defendants in our pending patent infringement matter on their motions for summary judgment alleging that our corn oil extraction patents were invalid, including US Pat. Nos. 7,601,858 and 8,168,037. The summary judgment ruling was not final and there are additional issues in the MDL Case that can be expected to be resolved this year. We disagree with the court's ruling and intend to mount a vigorous appeal at the appropriate time.

OTHER MATTERS

The Company is party to an action entitled Max v. GS AgriFuels Corp., et al. in the Supreme Court, New York County, in which the plaintiffs are asserting claims to money damages against the Company and other defendants, arising from a series of Share Purchase Agreements dated March 6, 2007, under which the individual plaintiffs sold their shares in Sustainable Systems, Inc., to GS AgriFuels Corporation, a former subsidiary of the Company. In their Amended Complaint, plaintiffs asserted claims for breach of contract, fraud and negligent misrepresentation, and sought money damages in the amount of $6 million. On March 19, 2013, the Court granted in part the defendants' motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint, and dismissed all but the breach of contract claims asserted against the Company and certain other corporate defendants.  On April 1, 2015, the Company entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which the plaintiff s are to receive $25,000 in cash and a convertible debenture in the amount of $300,000. In the event that the plaintiffs have not converted the debenture in full at the expiration of three years, the plaintiffs may request the remaining amount be paid in full at that time.  While the settlement agreement has not yet been implemented by the payment of the specified cash and the issuance of the specified debenture, the action has been marked "disposed" by the court.

On September 10, 2012, Long Side Ventures commenced an action entitled Long Side Ventures and Sunny Isles Ventures, LLC, LLC v. GreenShift et. al., in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging breach of contract and other causes of action for which the plaintiff seeks damages of about $250,000 plus costs.  On February 24, 2015, the Company entered into a settlement agreement pursuant to which the plaintiff is to receive $150,000 in cash and securities in the amount of $250,000. The Company accrued the entire $400,000 judgment on its books as of the year ended December 31, 2014. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company issued a debenture to Long Side Ventures in the amount of $250,000 (see Note 9, Debt Obligations , above).  The Company has already paid the $150,000 due in cash under the settlement agreement.  Nevertheless, there is a current dispute with the plaintiffs as to whether the Company and the other defendants have performed their obligations under the settlement agreement, and whether the plaintiffs have the right to declare a default under the settlement agreement.  The Company has taken the position that it has fully performed and intends to vigorously contest any alleged default. Upon the performance of the terms of the Settlement Agreement, the Action will be dismissed against the Company and the other defendants.

On October 10, 2013, Golden Technology Management, LLC, and other plaintiffs commenced an action entitled Golden Technology Management, LLC, et al. v. NextGen Acquisition, Inc. et al. in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, alleging breach of contract and other causes of action against the Company in connection with the acquisition of NextGen Fuel, Inc. by a former subsidiary. Plaintiffs seek damages in excess of $5,200,000 plus prejudgment interest and costs.   On December 22, 2014, the court granted summary judgment as to the former subsidiary's liability for payment of the sum of $3.2 million, plus prejudgment interest and costs. The plaintiffs' have asserted a claim for alter ego liability for that amount against the Company and the other defendants.  The litigation is proceeding and the Company intends to vigorously defend this action. At this stage of the proceedings, we cannot evaluate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in excess of the amounts previously accrued.

Effective as of December 31, 2015, the Company entered into a series of agreements providing for contingent participation payments involving use of the Company's extraction technologies. Collectively, these agreements resulted in an aggregate of $26,720,059 in debt extinguishment for amounts that had been due, payable and accrued as of December 31, 2015, as well as a reduction in the Company's continuing costs of sales, legal expenses and interest expense moving forward. First, the Company and YA Global Investments, L.P. ("YA Global") entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay 15% of all payments received by the Company from any new licensees issued in connection with its intellectual properties, including any amounts awarded in the Company's pending and future infringement matters, net of any legal fees and expenses incurred in obtaining the settlement or award (see Note 9, Debt Obligations , above). Next, Cantor Colburn LLP ("Cantor") and the Company entered into an amended agreement pursuant to which Cantor agreed to accept 15% of any recoveries from the Company's pending patent litigation in excess of $3.6 million per year in exchange for all services rendered to date and moving forward. The Company recognized an $8,433,388 gain on extinguishment of debt upon the write-off of all accrued legal fees. The terms of the original and amended agreements include a beneficial conversion feature due to the variable nature of the number of shares that could be issued in settlement of fees under the agreement. As a result, the Company recognized and expense of $1,737,909 and $1,035,780 for the intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Finally, CWT and the Company entered into an amended agreement pursuant to which CWT agreed to accept 20% of the Company's net cash receipts deriving from use of the Company's extraction technologies, after payment in full of all litigation costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees and expenses). Under the amended CWT agreement, no amount shall accrue or be due and payable to CWT until the earlier to occur of the date on which all such litigation costs and expenses have been paid on a current basis, the date on which the Company has successfully appealed the October 2014 summary judgment ruling in the Company's pending infringement litigation, and all applicable appeal periods in connection therewith have expired, or the date on which the Company has entered into new license agreements corresponding to an additional $1,000,000 in annualized revenue.

On December 31, 2015, Bitzio entered into a $2.9 million loan transaction with TCA Global Credit Master Fund, LP ("TCA"), pursuant to which Bitzio drew $2.5 million for use in its acquisition of 100,000 shares of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock (see Note 5, Shareholders' Equity , above).  The TCA loan was made pursuant to a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), under which TCA may lend to Bitzio up to $5.0 million. The Company and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, has executed a Guaranty Agreement in favor of TCA on December 31, 2015. FCC, the Company, and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, has executed a Guaranty Agreement dated December 31, 2015, in favor of TCA, pursuant to which the Company and its subsidiaries guaranteed payment of all amounts due to TCA under the Credit Agreement. By separate agreements, the Company and each subsidiary pledged all of its assets to secure the guaranty to TCA.

The Company is also involved in various collection matters for which vendors are seeking payment for services rendered and goods provided. The Company and its subsidiaries are party to numerous matters pertaining to outstanding amounts alleged to be due. Management is unable to characterize or evaluate the probability of any outcome at this time.

Under the Company's insurance programs, coverage is obtained for catastrophic exposures, as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. There is a $2,500 deductible per occurrence for environmental impairments. Environmental liability insurance is carried with policy limits of $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate.

The Company is party to an employment agreement with Kevin Kreisler, the Company's Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, which agreement includes terms for reimbursement of expenses, periodic bonuses, four weeks' vacation and participation in any employee benefits provided to all employees of GreenShift Corporation.

The Company's Articles of Incorporation provide that the Company shall indemnify its officers, directors, employees and agents to the full extent permitted by Delaware law. The Company's Bylaws include provisions to indemnify its officers and directors and other persons against expenses (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid for settlement) incurred in connection with actions or proceedings brought against them by reason of their serving or having served as officers, directors or in other capacities.  The Company does not, however, indemnify them in actions in which it is determined that they have not acted in good faith or have acted unlawfully. The Company is further subject to various indemnification agreements with various parties pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify and hold such parties harmless from and against expenses and costs incurred (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid for settlement) in connection with the provision by such parties of certain financial accommodations to the Company. Such parties indemnified by the Company include YA Global Investments, L.P., YA Corn Oil Systems, LLC, Viridis Capital LLC, Minority Interest Fund (II) LLC, Acutus Capital LLC, and various family members of the Company's chairman that have provided the Company with cash investments.

Prior to December 31, 2015, Viridis was subject to guaranty and pledge agreements in favor of YA Global, pursuant to which Viridis pledged its equity in the Company and other assets to secure the Company's payment obligations under its prior agreements with YA Global. To cure various defaults of the Company's debt to YA Global in 2007, 2009 and 2010, YA Global liquidated about $1.8 million of stock owned by Viridis, the proceeds of which were applied by YA Global to the reduction of amounts due from the Company. In addition, a further requirement of YA Global to cure debt defaults in 2007 and 2008, an affiliate of Viridis agreed to eliminate about $2.2 million in debt and exchange another $800,000 in debt for restricted common shares; which shares were subject to restrictions on transfer required by YA Global. Each of the foregoing transactions triggered tax consequences and the Company's associated agreements to indemnify. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company incurred a total of about $1 million in other expenses related to indemnification expenses in satisfaction of its obligations under relevant agreements, which is disclosed in Other Expenses within the accompanying Statement of Operations.

On December 31, 2015, Bitzio entered into a $2.9 million loan transaction with TCA Global Credit Master Fund, LP ("TCA"), pursuant to which Bitzio drew $2.5 million for use in its acquisition of 100,000 shares of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock (see Note 5, Shareholders' Equity , above).  The TCA loan was made pursuant to a Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), under which TCA may lend to Bitzio up to $5.0 million. The Company and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, has executed a Guaranty Agreement in favor of TCA on December 31, 2015. FCC, the Company, and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, has executed a Guaranty Agreement dated December 31, 2015, in favor of TCA, pursuant to which the Company and its subsidiaries guaranteed payment of all amounts due to TCA under the Credit Agreement. By separate agreements, the Company and each subsidiary pledged all of its assets to secure the guaranty to TCA.

We determined our reporting units in accordance with FASB ASC 280, " Segment Reporting " ("ASC 280"). We evaluate a reporting unit by first identifying its operating segments under ASC 280. We then evaluate each operating segment to determine if it includes one or more components that constitute a business. If there are components within an operating segment that meet the definition of a business, we evaluate those components to determine if they must be aggregated into one or more reporting units. If applicable, when determining if it is appropriate to aggregate different operating segments, we determine if the segments are economically similar and, if so, the operating segments are aggregated. We have one operating segment and reporting unit. We operate in one reportable business segment; we provide technologies and related products and services to U.S.-based ethanol producers. We are organized and operated as one business. We exclusively sell our technologies, products and services to ethanol producers that have entered into license agreements with the Company. No sales of any kind occur, and no costs of sales of any kind are incurred, in the absence of a license agreement. A single management team that reports to the chief operating decision maker comprehensively manages the entire business. We do not operate any material separate lines of business or separate business entities with respect to our technologies, products and services. The Company does not accumulate discrete financial information according to the nature or structure of any specific technology, product and/or service provided to the Company's licensees. Instead, management reviews its business as a single operating segment, using financial and other information rendered meaningful only by the fact that such information is presented and reviewed in the aggregate. Discrete financial information is not available by more than one operating segment, and disaggregation of our operating results would be impracticable.

The Company had accrued $204,630 as of December 31, 2011 in connection with the merger completed by a former subsidiary during 2008, and another $545,842 in connection with the conversion right of certain minority shareholders of an inactive subsidiary. A total of $387,558 of this balance was written off as of December 31, 2015, due to the tolling of the relevant statue of limitations. The balance as of December 31, 2015, was $158,284.

Minority Interest Fund (II), LLC ("MIF") is party to certain convertible debentures issued by the Company (see Note 9, Debt Obligations , above). The managing member of MIF is a relative of the Company's chairman. On December 31, 2015, MIF and Acutus Capital LLC ("AC") assigned their respective beneficial ownership interests in the Series D Shares to EXO Opportunity Fund LLC ("EXO") (see Note 5, Shareholders' Equity , above). EXO, in turn, assigned the corresponding beneficial interests to Bitzo in exchange for 200,000 shares of Bitzio Series E Preferred Stock. On the same date, FLUX Carbon Corporation ("FCC"), an entity owned by Kevin Kreisler, the Company's chairman, transferred its ownership interest in Viridis Capital LLC ("Viridis") to Bitzio. As a result of the foregoing transactions, on December 31, 2015, Bitzio was the beneficial owner of 862,500 Series D Shares, as well as AC's 2011 contractual right to receive an additional 124,875 Series D Shares, all of which was exchanged for 700,000 shares of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock. The Company filed a Certificate of Elimination for its Series D Preferred Stock after completing that transfer. On December 31, 2015, Bitzio entered into a $2.9 million loan transaction with TCA Global Credit Master Fund, LP ("TCA"), pursuant to which Bitzio drew $2.5 million for use in its acquisition of 100,000 shares of the Company's Series G Preferred Stock (see Note 5, Shareholders' Equity , above). FCC, the Company, and each of its subsidiaries, as well as each of the other subsidiaries of Bitzio, executed a Guaranty Agreement in favor of TCA on December 31, 2015, pursuant to which the Company and its subsidiaries guaranteed payment of all amounts due to TCA under the Credit Agreement (see Note 11, Guaranty Agreement , above). As a result of all of the foregoing transactions, as of December 31, 2015, FCC was the beneficial owner of 80% of Bitzio's equity, and Bitzio was the beneficial owner of 80% of the Company's equity. Bitzio develops and commercializes clean technologies that facilitate the more efficient use of natural resources, and is focused on doing so primarily in three sectors: agriculture, energy and lifestyle. Kevin Kreisler, the Company's chairman and chief executive officer, was appointed to the posts of chairman and chief executive officer upon completion of the foregoing transactions.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company issued a $400,000 convertible debt to Cantrell Winsness Technologies, LLC ("CWT" and the "CWT Debenture") in exchange for all amounts accrued under the TAA and CWT's interest in the Series F Preferred Stock. CWT shall have the right, but not the obligation, to convert any portion of the convertible debenture into the Company's common stock at $0.001 per share.  The CWT Debenture matures December 31, 2018. CWT delivered a release in favor of the Company in respect of any and all amounts that may have been due under the Company's Amended and Restated Technology Acquisition Agreement with CWT. The balance of the CWT Debenture was $400,000 at December 31, 2015.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, and further to the Company's stated diversification plans, the Company invested in the development of technologies and businesses that are strategically-relevant to the Company's existing operations. The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, GS CleanTech Corporation, is the owner of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership units of Genarex LLC ("GX"), an entity that in turn holds 36.75% of the issued and outstanding membership units of Genarex FD LLC ("LLC"). LLC was formed in 2015 for the purpose of continuing the development and commercialization of an intellectual property portfolio involving production of carbon-neutral alternatives for fossil fuel derived products ("Bioproducts Portfolio"), which had previously been developed by GX in concert with various third parties. Under the associated agreements, an unaffiliated member of LLC has agreed to provide LLC up to $3 million to fund the continuing development of the Bioproducts Portfolio. As of December 31, 2015, the Company extended and had about $72,000 in receivables due from GFD, which amount has since been paid.

During 2015, the Company loaned about $30,000 to Plaid Canary Corporation ("PCC"), for use in the development of agricultural technology; about $90,000 to FLUX Carbon Mitigation Fund LLC ("FCMF"), for use in the development of energy technology and businesses; and about $92,000 to Bitzio, Inc. ("Bitzio"), for use in the development of lifestyle technology and businesses. The Company additionally incurred about $684,000 in research and development costs involving its efforts with PCC and agricultural technology. FLUX Carbon Corporation ("FCC") is the beneficial owner of an 80% equity interest in Bitzio, and of the majority of the stock of the companies which own PCC and FCMF. FCC is owned by Kevin Kreisler, our chairman and chief executive officer.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes . As a result of the implementation of this guidance, the Company recognized no material adjustment in the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits. At the adoption date of January 1, 2007, and through December 31, 2015, there were no unrecognized tax benefits. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2014, no interest related to uncertain tax positions had been accrued. The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 consisted of the following:

The Company's total deferred tax asset and valuation allowance as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

In assessing whether the deferred tax assets are realizable, Management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, Management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are reduced. The increase in valuation allowance for 2015 was $41,000.

The Company had federal and state net operating tax loss carry-forwards of $32,613,132 as of December 31, 2015.  The tax loss carry-forwards are available to offset future taxable income with the federal and state carry-forwards beginning to expire in 2023.

In 2015, the Company evaluated its tax positions for years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions, in accordance with the requirements of ASC 740 and as a result concluded no adjustment was necessary. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state jurisdictions. The Company's evaluation of uncertain tax positions was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2011 and forward, the tax years which remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions as of December 31, 2015.

The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, GS CleanTech Corporation, is the owner of 100% of the issued and outstanding membership units of Genarex LLC ("GX"), an entity that in turn holds 36.75% of the issued and outstanding membership units of Genarex FD LLC ("LLC"). LLC was formed in 2015 for the purpose of continuing the development and commercialization of an intellectual property portfolio involving production of carbon-neutral alternatives for fossil fuel derived products ("Bioproducts Portfolio"), which had previously been developed by GX in concert with various third parties. ASC 810 requires the Company to evaluate non-consolidated entities periodically and as circumstances change to determine if an implied controlling interest exists. The Company has evaluated this equity investment and concluded that LLC is a variable interest entity and the Company is not the primary beneficiary. LLC's fiscal year end is December 31. Under the associated agreements, an unaffiliated member of LLC has agreed to provide LLC up to $3 million to fund the continuing development of the Bioproducts Portfolio. As of December 31, 2015, $1,247,536 of that amount had been received. The members also assigned their respective interests in the Bioproducts Portfolio to LLC. GX's contribution was valued at $4 million, however, the relevant agreements provide for GX to receive a preferential distribution until it receives approximately $3 million, at which point GX's interest will decrease from 36.75% to 24.50%. The Company engaged two separate third party valuation firms, the first to complete a fairness opinion in respect of the foregoing, and the second to perform a valuation of GX's interest in LLC using the fair value method as defined by FASB ASC 805-10-20. Under this method, fair value is defined as "the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date." Using the income approach, the valuation company used the discounted cash flow method to develop low, mid and high cash projections for LLC's potential business model by estimating the expected cash flows derived from production of LLC's products on a commercial scale. As of December 31 2015, the Company had funded $971,175 towards operations and research and development of LLC, of which $898,817 has been reimbursed under the relevant joint venture agreements. The following presents unaudited summary financial information for LLC. Such summary financial information has been provided herein based upon the individual significance of this unconsolidated equity investment to the consolidated financial information of the Company. The investment balance carried on the Company's balance sheet amounts to $3,360,355 as of December 31, 2015. The Company's share of the net loss from LLC for the nine months ended December 31, 2015 was $643,320. The following table contains summarized financial data for LLC (unaudited):