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Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-267041
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated September 2, 2022)
6,396,787 Shares of Common Stock
Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 933,334 Shares of Common Stock
Warrants to Purchase up to 7,330,121 Shares of Common Stock


We are offering on a “best efforts” basis 6,396,787 shares (the “Shares”) of our common stock, par value $0.00033 per share (our “common stock”) at a combined offering price of $1.50 per common share. We are also offering pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 933,334 shares of our common stock to one or more purchasers whose purchase of additional Shares in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with their affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at the closing of this offering, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering.
The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant is equal to $1.4999, which is equal to the purchase price of the Shares minus $0.0001, the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full.
The Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants are being sold together with warrants to purchase up to 7,330,121 shares of our common stock (the “Common Warrants” and together with the Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrants, the “Securities”). Except as described below, each Common Warrant has an exercise price per share of $1.50, will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the issue date.
The Shares and Common Warrants include, 30,121 common shares and Common Warrants to purchase 30,121 common shares, purchased by two of our directors at a combined purchase price of $1.66. The Common Warrants issued to our directors have an exercise price of per shares of $1.53, and are otherwise identical the Common Warrants issued to all other participants in this offering.
The Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants can only be purchased together in this offering but will be issued separately and will be immediately separable upon issuance. The Securities are being sold in this offering to one or more purchasers pursuant to the securities purchase agreement dated February 26, 2025 between us and the purchasers.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “PDSB”. On February 26, 2025, the closing sale price of our common stock was $1.54 per share. There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement and page 3 of the accompanying prospectus, as well as our other filings that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We have engaged A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners to act as our exclusive placement agent (the “Placement Agent”) in connection with this offering. This offering is being conducted on a “best efforts” basis and the Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the Securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of Securities. We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent fees as set forth in the table below:
 
Per Share and
Accompanying
Warrants
Per Pre-Funded
Warrant and
Accompanying
Warrants
Total
Offering price
$1.500
$1.49990
$10,949,907
Offering price for directors
$1.660
$1.65999
$​50,001
Placement Agent fees(1)
$0.105(2)
$0.10499(2)
$769,994
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
$1.395(3)
$1.39491(3)
$10,229,914
(1)
We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 7% of the gross proceeds from the sale of 6,396,787 Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 933,334 shares of common stock sold in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent for certain expenses incurred in connection with this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-15 for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to the Placement Agent.
(2)
Represents the Placement Agent fees per for sales to non-directors.
(3)
Based on offering price for non-directors.
Delivery of the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is expected to be made on or about February 28, 2025, subject to satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
Sole Placement Agent
A.G.P.
This prospectus supplement is dated February 26, 2025.


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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are part of a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process.
This document contains two parts. The first part consists of this prospectus supplement, which provides you with specific information about this offering. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, provides more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer only to the “prospectus,” we are referring to both parts, combined. This prospectus supplement may add, update or change information contained in the accompanying prospectus. To the extent that any statement we make in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with statements made in the accompanying prospectus or any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein that we filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus supplement, the statements made in this prospectus supplement will be deemed to modify or supersede those made in the accompanying prospectus and such documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. You should read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein.
You should rely only on the information that we have included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not, and the Placement Agent has not, authorized anyone to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor does this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein or therein is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus supplement or accompanying prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date.
This prospectus supplement contains or incorporates by reference summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been or will be filed or have been or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms apart, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described in this prospectus supplement under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus, or the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer specifically to PDS Biotechnology Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of our securities. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this prospectus supplement are defined in the accompanying prospectus.
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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus supplement. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in shares of our common stock, and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. You should read all such documents carefully, and you should pay special attention to the information contained under the caption entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our other reports filed from time to time with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, before deciding to buy our securities.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing a growing pipeline of targeted cancer and infectious disease immunotherapies based on our Versamune® T cell activator and Versamune® in combination with our interleukin 12 (IL-12) fused anti-body drug conjugate (ADC), PDS01ADC. In addition, we are developing the Infectimune® T cell-activator in infectious diseases.
We believe our investigational targeted immunotherapies have the potential to overcome limitations of current immunotherapy approaches through effective conversion of the immune suppressive tumor to an immunogenic microenvironment in addition to the induction of the right type, potency and quantity of tumor-targeting killer (CD8) T cells. Our Versamune® immunotherapies and Versamune® in combination with PDS01ADC, are being developed for treatments in oncology, and Infectimune® is being developed for preventive vaccines against infectious agents. When paired with an antigen, which is a disease-related protein that is recognizable by the immune system, Versamune® and Infectimune® have both been shown to induce, in vivo, large quantities of high-quality, highly potent polyfunctional disease-specific CD4 helper and CD8 killer T cells, a specific sub-type of T cell that has shown potential to be more effective at killing infected or target cells. Infectimune® is also designed to promote the induction of disease-specific neutralizing antibodies. PDS01ADC is an investigational tumor targeting IL-12 that we believe may enhance the proliferation, potency and longevity of T cells in the tumor microenvironment and reduces the prevalence of immune suppressive cells and components within the tumor. We believe our proprietary combinations of Versamune® and PDS01ADC together with immune checkpoint inhibitors or other standards of care, may enhance the proliferation, potency and longevity of antigen specific multifunctional CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment and work synergistically to inhibit or treat cancer.
Corporate Information
Information concerning our company is contained in the documents that we file with the SEC as a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are accessible at www.sec.gov, and on our website at www.pdsbiotech.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus supplement. Investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to purchase our common stock. We have included our website address in this prospectus supplement solely as an inactive textual reference. Information on our website is not, and should not be considered, part of this prospectus supplement.
Our principal executive offices are located at 303A College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540, and our telephone number is (800) 208-3343.
Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company
We are a “smaller reporting company,” meaning that the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million and our annual revenue was less than $100 million during our most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million. For so long as we remain a smaller reporting company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure and other requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies. We have taken advantage of some reduced reporting burdens in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. Accordingly, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might obtain from other public companies in which you hold equity interests
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The Offering
Common stock offered by us
6,396,787 shares of common stock
Common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering
44,589,517 shares of common stock
Pre-Funded Warrants
We are also offering Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 933,334 shares of our common stock to one or more purchasers whose purchase of additional Shares in this offering would otherwise result in such purchaser, together with their affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at the closing of this offering, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant is equal to $1.4999, which is equal to the purchase price of the Shares minus $0.0001, the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. This offering also relates to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of any Pre-Funded Warrants sold in this offering.
Common Warrants
We are also offering Common Warrants to purchase an aggregate 7,330,121 shares of our common stock. The Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants are being sold together with the Common Warrants. Each Common Warrant has an exercise price per share of $1.50, will be immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. This offering also relates to the offering of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants. See the section entitled
Best Efforts
We have agreed to issue and sell the Securities offered hereby to the purchasers through the Placement Agent, and the Placement Agent has agreed to offer and sell such Securities on a “best efforts” basis. The Placement Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Securities offered hereby, but will use its best efforts to sell such Securities. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” on page S-15 of this prospectus supplement.
Offering price to non-insiders
$1.50 per common share and accompanying Common Warrants
Insider Participation in the offering
Certain directors have agreed to purchase 30,121 shares of common stock and Common Warrants to be sold in this offering at a combined purchase price of $1.66. The Common Warrants issued to our directors have an exercise price per share of $1.53, and are otherwise identical to the Common Warrants issued to all other participants in this Offering.
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Use of Proceeds
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities under this prospectus for research and development expenses and general corporate purposes. See the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” on page S-10 of this prospectus supplement.
Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement and other information included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.
Nasdaq symbol
Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “PDSB.”
The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 38,192,730 shares of our common stock outstanding as of February 26, 2025, and excludes, as of such date:
5,356,746 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $6.03 per share;
100,000 shares of common stock issuable as consideration for certain consulting services;
426,913 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.33 per share; and
2,303,538 and 962,407 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the PDS Biotechnology Corporation Second Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2019 Inducement Plan.
Unless otherwise stated, all amounts in this prospectus supplement assume no exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants.
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, in the accompanying prospectus, and any documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as revised or supplemented by our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, each of which are on file with the SEC and are incorporated herein by reference, and which may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. There may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that could have material adverse effects on our future results. Our business, business prospects, financial condition or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to This Offering
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock you purchase. You may also experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.
The price per share, together with the number of shares of our common stock we propose to issue and ultimately will issue if this offering is completed, may result in an immediate decrease in the market price of our common stock. Our historical net tangible book value as of September 30, 2024 was $22,000,805 million, or approximately $0.60 per share of our common stock. After giving effect to 6,396,787 shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering at a public offering price of $1.50 per share and assuming exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering for 933,334 shares of common stock, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2024 would have been $32,055,719, or approximately $0.73 per share of our common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $0.13 per share of our common stock to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of approximately $0.77 per share of our common stock to new investors, representing the difference between the public offering price and our as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2024, after giving effect to this offering, and the public offering price per share. Furthermore, if outstanding options or warrants are exercised, you could experience further dilution.
In addition, we have a significant number of stock options and warrants outstanding, and, in order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. In the event that the outstanding options or warrants are exercised or settled, or that we make additional issuances of common stock or other convertible or exchangeable securities, you could experience additional dilution. We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders, including investors who purchase shares of common stock in this offering. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock in future transactions, may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering. As a result, purchasers of the shares we sell, as well as our existing stockholders, will experience significant dilution if we sell at prices significantly below the price at which they invested. See the section entitled “Dilution” below for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering.
Resales of our common stock in the public market during this offering by our stockholders may cause the market price of our common stock to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock could occur at any time. The issuance of new shares of our common stock could result in resales of our common stock by our current stockholders concerned about the potential ownership dilution of their holdings. In turn, these resales could have the effect of depressing the market price for our common stock.
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We will have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the offering of securities under this prospectus for research and development expenses, and general corporate purposes, as described in the section of this prospectus supplement entitled “Use of Proceeds.” We will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds in the category of other working capital and general corporate purposes and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of this offering.
The precise amount and timing of the application of these proceeds, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, such as the timing and progress of our research and development efforts, our funding requirements and the availability and costs of other funds. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from this offering. Depending on the outcome of our efforts and other unforeseen events, our plans and priorities may change and we may apply the net proceeds of this offering in different manners than we currently anticipate.
The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, interest-bearing instruments. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders.
This offering may cause the trading price of our common stock to decrease.
The price per share, together with the number of shares of common stock we propose to issue and ultimately will issue if this offering is completed, may result in an immediate decrease in the market price of our common stock. This decrease may continue after the completion of this offering.
There is no public market for the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants being offered in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants will be limited.
Holders of our Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.
Until you acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants, you will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants. Upon exercise of your Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants, you will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise date.
If we do not maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants, holders will only be able to exercise such Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants on a “cashless basis.”
If we do not maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants at the time that holders wish to exercise such warrants, they will only be able to exercise them on a “cashless basis,” and under no circumstances would we be required to make any cash payments or net cash settle such warrants to the holders. As a result, the number of shares of common stock that holders will receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants will be fewer than it would have been had such holders exercised their Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants for cash. Under the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants, we have agreed to use our best efforts to maintain a current and effective prospectus relating to the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants until the expiration of such warrants. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. If we are unable to do so, the potential “upside” of the holder’s investment in our company may be reduced.
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The Common Warrants are speculative in nature.
The Common Warrants offered hereby do not confer any rights of common stock ownership on their holders, such as voting rights or the right to receive dividends, but rather merely represent the right to acquire shares of common stock at a fixed price. Specifically, commencing on the date of issuance, holders of the Common Warrants may acquire the common stock issuable upon exercise of such warrants at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, or, in the case of our directors participating in this offering, $1.53 per share. Moreover, following this offering, the market value of the Common Warrants is uncertain and there can be no assurance that the market value of the Common Warrants will equal or exceed their public offering price.
The Common Warrants may not have any value.
The Common Warrants have an exercise price of $1.50 per share, are exercisable six months after their issuance and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date on which the Common Warrants become exercisable. The Common Warrants issued to our directors have an exercise price of $1.53 per share, and are otherwise identical the Common Warrants issued to all other participants in this offering. In the event our common stock price does not exceed the exercise price of the Common Warrants during the period when the warrants are exercisable, the Common Warrants may not have any value.
This offering is being conducted on a “best efforts” basis.
The Placement Agent is offering the shares on a “best efforts” basis, and the Placement Agent is under no obligation to purchase any shares for its own account. The Placement Agent is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of shares of common stock in this offering but will use its best efforts to sell the securities offered in this prospectus supplement. As a “best efforts” offering, there can be no assurance that the offering contemplated hereby will ultimately be consummated.
Provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.
Certain provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants offered by this prospectus could make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire us. The Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants prohibit us from engaging in certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions” unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants. Further, the Common Warrants provide that, in the event of certain transactions constituting “fundamental transactions,” with some exception, holders of such warrants will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase such Common Stock Warrants at a price described in such warrants. These and other provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants offered by this prospectus could prevent or deter a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.
We have identified conditions and events that raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.
We have incurred net losses and utilized cash in operations since inception and we expect that significant additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations. In addition, as of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $56.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, and during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, we used $33.6 million of cash in operations and expect to continue to incur significant cash outflows and incur future additional losses to execute our operating plan. While we intend to finance our cash needs principally through collaborations, strategic alliances, or license agreements with third parties and/or debt or equity financings, there is no assurance that new financing will be available to us on commercially acceptable terms or in the amounts required, if at all. In August 2022, we entered into a Venture loan and security agreement, or the Loan and Security Agreement, for separate term loans of up to an aggregate amount of $35.0 million, with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation, or Horizon, in its capacity as a lender and collateral agent for itself and the other financial institutions that from time to time become parties to the Loan and Security Agreement. The Loan and Security Agreement allows for the lenders to call the outstanding balance of the term loans if the minimum cash balances outlined in the Loan and Security Agreement are not maintained. Due to the uncertainty in securing additional funding, and the insufficient amount of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023, we concluded that substantial doubt existed about our ability to continue as a going
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concern within one year after the date of the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. If we are unsuccessful in securing sufficient financing, we may need to delay, reduce, or eliminate our research and development programs, which could adversely affect our business prospects, or cease operations.
Our future operations are dependent upon the successful entry into collaborations, strategic alliances, or license agreements with third parties and/or on the identification and successful completion of equity or debt financing and the achievement of profitable operations at an indeterminate time in the future. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in completing these collaborations or alliances, equity or debt financing or in achieving profitability. As such, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue as a going concern.
Substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern may materially and adversely affect the price per share of our common stock, and it may be more difficult for us to obtain financing. If potential collaborators decline to do business with us or potential investors decline to participate in any future financings due to such concerns, our ability to increase our cash position may be limited. The perception that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may cause others to choose not to deal with us due to concerns about our ability to meet our contractual obligations. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, you could lose all or part of your investment in our Company.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and we anticipate that the applicable prospectus supplement will contain forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “may,” “could,” “anticipate,” “predict,” or “expect” and similar expressions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements since they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in many cases, beyond our control. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking statements include, among others:
our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;
our anticipated capital requirements, including our anticipated cash runway and our current expectations regarding our plans for future equity financings;
our dependence on additional financing to fund our operations and complete the development and commercialization of our clinical candidates, and the risks that raising such additional capital may restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or clinical candidates;
our limited operating history in our current line of business, which makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects, our business plan or the likelihood of our successful implementation of such business plan;
the timing for us or our partners to initiate the planned clinical trials for our Versamune® products, including Versamune® HPV, Versamune® MUC1, and others, alone or in combination with PDS01ADC, as well as Infectimune® based clinical candidates and the future success of such trials;
the successful implementation of our research and development programs and collaborations, including any collaboration trials concerning our Versamune®, PDS01ADC and Infectimune® based clinical candidates and our interpretation of the results and findings of such programs and collaborations and whether such results are sufficient to support the future success of our clinical candidates;
the success, timing and cost of our ongoing clinical trials and anticipated clinical trials for our current clinical candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation, pace of enrollment and completion of the trials (including our ability to fully fund our disclosed clinical trials, which assumes no material changes to our currently projected expenses), futility analyses, presentations at conferences and data reported in an abstract, and receipt of interim results (including, without limitation, any preclinical results or data), which are not necessarily indicative of the final results of our ongoing clinical trials;
expectations for the clinical and preclinical development, manufacturing, regulatory approval, and commercialization of our clinical candidates;
any of our statements about our understanding of clinical candidates’ mechanisms of action and interpretation of preclinical and early clinical results from our clinical development programs and any collaboration trials; the acceptance by the market of our clinical candidates, if approved;
the timing of and our ability to obtain and maintain U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other regulatory authority approval of, or other action with respect to, our clinical candidates;
other factors, including legislative, regulatory, political and economic developments not within our control; and
our anticipated use of proceeds from this offering.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the offering of securities under this prospectus for research and development expenses, and general corporate purposes.
These expected uses represent our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the progress of our development, the status of and results from clinical trials, and any unforeseen cash needs. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds from this offering. The timing and amount of our actual expenditures will be based on many factors, including cash flows from operations and the anticipated growth of our business.
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DILUTION
If you purchase our common stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering. We calculate net tangible book value per share by dividing our net tangible assets (tangible assets less total liabilities) by the number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024.
Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2024 was $22,000,805, or approximately $0.60 per share. After giving effect to the sale of our common stock in this offering at an offering price of $1.50 per share and assuming exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering for 933,334 shares of common stock, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2024 would have been $32,055,719, or approximately $0.73 per share of our common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $0.13 per share of our common stock to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of approximately $0.77 per share of our common stock to new investors. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Offering price per share of our common stock
 
$1.50(1)
Net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2024
$0.60
 
Increase in net tangible book value per share of our common stock attributable to this offering
$0.13
 
As adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock as of September 30, 2024, after giving effect to this offering
 
$0.73
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering
 
$0.77
(1)
Assumes all purchasers pay $1.50 per common share and accompanying Common Warrant
The above discussion and table are based on 36,819,810 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and assumes the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. The number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2024 excludes, as of such date:
5,522,585 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, having a weighted average exercise price of $6.06 per share;
426,913 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants, having a weighted average exercise price of $4.33 per share; and
2,301,167 and 969,407 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the PDS Biotechnology Corporation Second Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2019 Inducement Plan.
Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement assumes no exercise or forfeiture of the outstanding options or warrants after September 30, 2024, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any Common Warrants but not the Pre-Funded Warrants, which are assumed to be exercised for purposes of the above dilution calculation.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING
We are offering (i) 6,396,787 shares of our common stock, (ii) Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase up to 933,334 shares of our common stock and (iii) Common Warrants to purchase up to 7,330,121 shares of our common stock. Each share of common stock and Pre-Funded Warrant is being sold together with a Common Warrant to purchase one (1) share of common stock. The Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and accompanying Common Warrants will be issued separately. We are also registering the shares of our common stock issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants offered hereby.
Common Stock
The material terms and provisions of our common stock and each other class of our securities that qualifies or limits our common stock are described in the section entitled “Description of Capital Stock” beginning on page 0 of the accompanying prospectus.
Pre-Funded Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of Pre-Funded Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrant, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Pre-Funded Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
Duration and Exercise Price
Each Pre-Funded Warrant offered hereby will have an initial exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be exercised at any time until the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price.
Exercisability
The Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at the closing of this offering, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s Pre-Funded Warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.
Cashless Exercise
In lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Pre-Funded Warrants.
Fundamental Transaction
In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to
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such fundamental transaction. In addition, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants have the right to require us or a successor entity to redeem the Pre-Funded Warrant for the cash paid in the fundamental transaction in the amount of the Black Scholes value of the unexercised portion of the Pre-Funded Warrant on the date of the consummation of the fundamental transaction.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Pre-Funded Warrant to us together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.
Exchange Listing
We do not intend to list the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.
Rights as a Stockholder
Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Pre-Funded Warrants.
Common Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Common Warrants that are being offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Common Warrants, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions of the form of Common Warrant for a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Common Warrants.
Duration and Exercise Price
Each Common Warrant offered will have an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share and the Common Warrants issued to directors will have an initial exercise price of $1.53. The Common Warrants will be exercisable immediately and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our common stock and the exercise price. Common Warrants will be issued separately from the common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants and may be transferred separately immediately thereafter. A Common Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock will be issued for each share of common stock (or Pre-Funded Warrant, as applicable) purchased in this offering.
Exercisability
The Common Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the Common Warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at the closing of this offering, 9.99%) of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may decrease the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Common Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.
Cashless Exercise
If, at the time a holder exercises its Common Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance of the shares of common stock underlying the Common Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to us upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect instead to receive upon such exercise (either in whole or in part) the net number of shares of common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the Common Warrants.
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Fundamental Transaction
In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Common Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our common stock, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Common Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. In addition, the holders of the Common Warrants have the right to require us or a successor entity to redeem the Common Warrant for the cash paid in the fundamental transaction in the amount of the Black Scholes value of the unexercised portion of the Common Warrant on the date of the consummation of the fundamental transaction.
Transferability
Subject to applicable laws, a Common Warrant may be transferred at the option of the holder upon surrender of the Common Warrant together with the appropriate instruments of transfer.
Exchange Listing
We do not intend to list the Common Warrants on any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.
Right as a Stockholder
Except as otherwise provided in the Common Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of, the holders of the Common Warrants do not have the rights or privileges of holders of our common stock, including any voting rights, until they exercise their Common Warrants.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners has agreed to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering subject to the terms and conditions of the placement agent agreement dated February 26, 2025. The Placement Agent is not purchasing or selling any of the Securities offered by this prospectus supplement, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of Securities, but has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of all of the Securities offered hereby. Therefore, we will enter into a securities purchase agreement directly with a certain investor in connection with this offering and we may not sell the entire amount of Securities offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement.
We will deliver the Securities being issued to the investor upon receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the Securities offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement. We expect to deliver the Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement on or about February 28, 2025.
We have agreed to indemnify the Placement Agent against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the Placement Agent may be required to make in respect thereof.
Fees and Expenses
We have engaged A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering. This offering is being conducted on a “best efforts” basis and the Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the Securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of Securities. We have agreed to pay the placement agent fees set forth in the table below.
 
Per Share and
Accompanying Warrants
Per Pre-Funded Warrant and
Accompanying Warrants
Total
Offering price
$1.500
$1.49990
$10,949,907
Offering price for directors
$1.660
$1.65999
$50,001
Placement Agent fees(1)
$0.105(2)
$0.10499(2)
$769,994
Proceeds, before expenses, to us
$1.395(3)
$1.39491(3)
$10,229,914
(1)
We have agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement commission equal to 7% of the gross proceeds from the sale of 6,396,787 Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 933,334 shares of common stock sold in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent for certain expenses incurred in connection with this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page S-15 for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to the Placement Agent.
(2)
Represents the Placement Agent fees per for sales to non-directors.
(3)
Based on offering price for non-directors.
We have also agreed to reimburse the Placement Agent at closing for legal and other expenses incurred by them in connection with the offering in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75,000. We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering, excluding the placement agent fees and expenses, will be approximately $200,000.
The Placement Agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the shares sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the Placement Agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares by the Placement Agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the Placement Agent:
may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and
may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.
Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “PDSB.”
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Lock-Up Agreements
Our directors and executive officers have entered into lock-up agreements. Under these agreements, these individuals have agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to sell or transfer any shares of common stock or securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our shares of common stock during a period ending 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement Specifically, these individuals have agreed, in part, not to:
sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell (including any short sale), pledge, transfer, establish an open “put equivalent position” within the meaning of Rule 16a-l(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our securities, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of our shares of common stock, in cash or otherwise;
make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any of our securities;
publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge;
or other arrangement relating to any of our securities.
Notwithstanding these limitations, these shares of common stock may be transferred under limited circumstances, including, without limitation, by gift, will or intestate succession.
In addition, we have agreed that, subject to certain exceptions, (i) we will not conduct any issuances of our common stock for a period of 60 days following closing of this offering and that (ii) we will not enter into a variable rate transaction for a period of six (6) months after the closing of this offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, sixty (60) days following the closing of this offering, we will be permitted to issue securities pursuant to the Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement by and among us, B. Riley Securities, Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC , dated as of August 13, 2024 and to enter into a sales agreement, at-the-market sales agreement or similar agreement (an “ATM”) with the Placement Agent (and file any prospectus supplement in connection with such ATM).
Discretionary Accounts
The Placement Agent does not intend to confirm sales of the securities offered hereby to any accounts over which it has discretionary authority.
Other Activities and Relationships
The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various commercial and investment banking and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.
In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments issued by us and our affiliates. If the Placement Agent or its affiliates have a lending relationship with us, they routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management policies. The Placement Agent and its affiliates may hedge such exposure by entering into transactions that consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our securities or the securities of our affiliates, including potentially the common stock offered hereby. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the common stock offered hereby. The Placement Agent and certain of its affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by DLA Piper LLP (US), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners LLC is being represented in connection with this offering by Thompson Hine LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements of PDS Biotechnology Corporation as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2023, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the SEC. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement or the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. For further information with respect to us and the securities that we are offering under this prospectus supplement, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or incorporated by reference herein or therein. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus supplement, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement or any sale of the securities offered hereby.
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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate into this prospectus supplement by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to the documents containing that information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement, and information that we later file with the SEC will automatically update and, where applicable, modify or supersede that information.
We incorporate by reference the following documents previously filed with the SEC:
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024;
the information included in our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2024, to the extent incorporated by reference in Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023;
our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on May 15, 2024, the quarter ended June 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2024, and the quarter ended September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on November 14, 2024;
our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 22,2024 (other than the information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01); March 13, 2024, March 27, 2024 (other than the information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02), May 2, 2024; May 8, 2024; May 10, 2024; June 12, 2024; June 24, 2024; August 1, 2024, August 5, 2024, August 7, 2024, August 8, 2024, August 13, 2024, September 16, 2024 (other than the information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01), September 16, 2024, October 2, 2024 (other than the information furnished pursuant to Item 7.01), November 14, 2024 (other than the information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02), February 5, 2025, February 24, 2025, and February 26, 2025; and
the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A12B, filed with the SEC on September 25, 2015 (File No. 001-37568), and all amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the filing of the Form S-3 Registration Statement, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the Form S-3 Registration Statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to the Form S-3 Registration Statement which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all such securities then remaining unsold shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents. Any statement contained in this prospectus supplement or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no portion of any document that is “furnished” but not “filed” in accordance with SEC rules under Exchange Act shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Any statement contained in this prospectus supplement or in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement or in any other subsequently filed document that is incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.
You may request a copy of any of these filings from us at no cost by writing or calling our Corporate Secretary at the following address or telephone number: PDS Biotechnology Corporation, 303A College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08540; Telephone: (800) 208-3343.
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PROSPECTUS
$150,000,000

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
Rights to Purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock,
Debt Securities or Units
We may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more offerings and on terms that we will determine at the time of each offering, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units that include any of these securities, or rights to purchase shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, debt securities or units. We may sell any combination of these securities in one or more offerings with an aggregate initial offering price of up to $150,000,000.
We will provide the specific terms of each offering of securities, including the price and the type and amount of securities to be offered and sold, in a supplement to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.
We may offer and sell these securities directly to purchasers or to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, and on a continuous or delayed basis. If we sell securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents, we will include their names and the fees, commissions and discounts that they will receive, as well as the net proceeds to us, in the prospectus supplement. This prospectus may not be used to sell our securities unless it is accompanied by the prospectus supplement. The delivery of this prospectus together with a prospectus supplement relating to the offered securities shall not constitute an offer of any other securities covered by this prospectus.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” on page 3 of this prospectus and in the applicable prospectus supplement for a discussion of risks that you should consider before you invest in our securities.
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PDSB.” On August 18, 2022, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market was $4.99 per share. We recommend that you obtain current market quotations for our common stock prior to making an investment decision.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is September 2, 2022.


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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more transactions up to a total dollar amount of $150,000,000.
The rules and regulations of the SEC allow us to omit from this prospectus certain information that is included in the registration statement. For further information about us and our securities, you should review the registration statement and the exhibits filed with the registration statement. In addition, the SEC allows us to incorporate by reference into this prospectus information in the reports and other documents that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those reports and other documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we later file with the SEC will automatically update and, where applicable, modify or supersede that information. You may read the registration statement (including its exhibits) and the reports and other documents that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.
This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this shelf registration, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.” To the extent that any information in the prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the information in this prospectus, the information in the prospectus supplement will modify or supersede this prospectus.
This prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement do not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor do this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct as of any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement is delivered or securities are sold on a later date. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, in the applicable prospectus supplement and in any documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement. We have not authorized any salesperson, dealer or other person to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus, in the applicable prospectus supplement or in any documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement, and you are not entitled to rely upon any such different information.
Throughout this prospectus, the terms “PDS,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” refer to PDS Biotechnology Corporation, a Delaware corporation.
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PDS BIOTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
Overview
We are a clinical-stage immunotherapy company developing a growing pipeline of targeted cancer and infectious disease immunotherapies based on our proprietary Versamune® and Infectimune™ T cell activating technology platforms. Our Versamune® based products have demonstrated the potential to overcome the limitations of current immunotherapies by inducing, in vivo, large quantities of high-quality, highly potent polyfunctional CD4+ helper and CD8+ killer T-cells. We have developed multiple therapies, based on combinations of Versamune® and disease-specific antigens, designed to train the immune system to recognize diseased cells and effectively attack and destroy them. We continue to advance our pipeline of candidates to address a wide range of cancers including HPV16-associated cancers (anal, cervical, head and neck, penile, vaginal, vulvar) and breast, colon, lung prostate and ovarian cancers. Our Infectimune™ based vaccines have demonstrated the potential to induce, not only robust and durable neutralizing antibody response, but also powerful T cell responses including long-lasting memory T cell responses. Our infectious disease candidates are of potential interest for use in COVID-19 and universal influenza vaccines.
For more information about our business, please see our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented and updated by subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC, and in other documents which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Corporate Information
Information concerning our company is contained in the documents that we file with the SEC as a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are accessible at www.sec.gov, and on our website at www.pdsbiotech.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. Investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to purchase our common stock. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference. Information on our website is not, and should not be considered, part of this prospectus.
Our principal executive offices are located at 25B Vreeland Road, Suite 300, Florham Park NJ 07932, and our telephone number is (800) 208-3343.
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RISK FACTORS
Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus, and any amendments or updates thereto reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC, all of which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, in addition to the risk factor described below. You should also carefully review all other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including the information contained below under the heading “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of Section 21E of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended), and we anticipate that the applicable prospectus supplement will contain forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results to be materially different from any future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “may,” “could,” “anticipate,” “predict,” or “expect” and similar expressions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements since they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in many cases, beyond our control. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking statements include, among others:
our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;
anticipated capital requirements, including our anticipated cash runway and our current expectations regarding plans for future equity financings;
dependence on additional financing to fund our operations and complete the development and commercialization of our product candidates, and the risks that raising such additional capital may restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates;
limited operating history in our current line of business, which makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects, business plan or the likelihood of our successful implementation of such business plan;
the timing for us or our partners to initiate the planned clinical trials for PDS0101, PDS0103, PDS0203 and other Versamune® and Infectimune™ based products and the future success of such trials;
the successful implementation of our research and development programs and collaborations, including any collaboration studies concerning PDS0101, PDS0203 and other Versamune® and Infectimune™ based products and our interpretation of the results and findings of such programs and collaborations and whether such results are sufficient to support the future success of the Company’s product candidates;
our inability to implement and maintain appropriate internal controls;
the success, timing and cost of our ongoing clinical trials and anticipated clinical trials for the our current product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation, pace of enrollment and completion of the trials (including our ability to fully fund our disclosed clinical trials, which assumes no material changes to our currently projected expenses), futility analyses, presentations at conferences and data reported in an abstract, and receipt of interim results (including, without limitation, any preclinical results or data), which are not necessarily indicative of the final results of our ongoing clinical trials;
expectations for the clinical and preclinical development, manufacturing, regulatory approval, and commercialization of our product candidates;
the effect of government regulations on our business;
any statements about our understanding of product candidates mechanisms of action and interpretation of preclinical and early clinical results from our clinical development programs and any collaboration studies;
the acceptance by the market of the Company’s product candidates, if approved;
the timing of and the Company’s ability to obtain and maintain U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other regulatory authority approval of, or other action with respect to, the Company’s product candidates;
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our ability to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq; and
other factors, including legislative, regulatory, political and economic developments not within our control, including unforeseen circumstances or other disruptions to normal business operations arising from or related to COVID-19.
All written and verbal forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We caution investors not to rely too heavily on the forward-looking statements we make or that are made on our behalf.
In addition, you should refer to the documents we have incorporated by reference for a discussion of other important factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all.
We may discuss certain of these risks and uncertainties in greater detail in any prospectus supplement under the heading “Risk Factors.” Additional cautionary statements or discussions of risks and uncertainties that could affect our results or the achievement of the expectations described in forward-looking statements may also be contained in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities described in this prospectus for the further development and commercialization of our product candidates and for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, reducing indebtedness, acquiring other companies (although we currently have no agreement to acquire any other company), purchasing or licensing other assets or lines of business, repurchasing our common stock and making capital expenditures, as well as for working capital. Until we use the net proceeds for these purposes, we intend to invest the net proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. We have not determined the amounts we plan to spend on any of these areas or the timing of these expenditures. As a result, our management will have broad discretion regarding the application of the net proceeds from the sale of securities described in this prospectus.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for at least the next five years, if ever. Any future determination as to the payment of cash dividends on our common stock will be at our board of directors’ discretion and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors that our board of directors considers to be relevant.
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THE SECURITIES THAT WE MAY OFFER
We, directly or through underwriters, dealers or agents designated by us from time to time, may offer, issue and sell, together or separately, up to $150,000,000 in the aggregate of:
shares of our common stock, par value $0.00033 per share;
shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.00033 per share;
debt securities;
warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock and/or our debt securities;
units consisting of two or more of the securities described above; or
rights to purchase shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, warrants, units or our debt securities.
The common stock, the preferred stock, the debt securities, the warrants, the units, and the rights to purchase shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, warrants, debt securities or units collectively are referred to in this prospectus as the “securities.”
We have summarized below the material terms of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the detailed terms of the securities offered by that supplement. If indicated in the prospectus supplement, the terms of the offered securities may differ from the terms summarized below.
This prospectus may not be used to sell our securities unless it is accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following is a summary of all material characteristics of our capital stock as set forth in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended. Copies of these documents are filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
We are presently authorized to issue 75,000,000 shares common stock, par value $0.00033 per share. As of August 18, 2022, we had issued and outstanding 28,458,688 shares of common stock.
We have one class of common stock. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. Holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive on a pro rata basis such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors in its discretion from funds legally available for that use, subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock. They are also entitled to share on a pro rata basis in any distribution to our common stockholders upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Common stockholders do not have preemptive rights to subscribe to any additional stock issuances by us, and they do not have the right to require the redemption of their shares or the conversion of their shares into any other class of our stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Provisions of our eighth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change of control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Among other things, our eighth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws:
permits our board of directors to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, with any rights, preferences and privileges as they may designate;
provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by the board of directors;
provides that all vacancies on our board of directors, including as a result of newly created directorships, may, except as otherwise required by law, be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum;
divides our board of directors into three classes;
require that any action to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and not be taken by written consent;
provides that stockholders seeking to present proposals before a meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at a meeting of stockholders must provide advance notice in writing, and also specify requirements as to the form and content of a stockholder’s notice;
does not provide for cumulative voting rights, thereby allowing the holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors to elect all of the directors standing for election;
provides that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by the board of directors;
does not preclude or contract the scope of exclusive federal or concurrent jurisdiction for any actions brought under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act; and.
does not relieve us of our duties to comply with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with these laws, rules and regulations.
In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business
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combination” includes mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Subject to specified exceptions, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock.
The transfer agent and registrar of our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A. The address of our transfer agent and registrar is 1290 Avenue of the Americas, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10104, and its telephone number is (212) 805-7100.
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “PDSB.”
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED STOCK
We have authority to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.00033 per share. As of August 18, 2022, we did not have any shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.
Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by stockholders, to designate one or more series of preferred stock and to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences, limitations, restrictions and relative rights granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, liquidation preference and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be preferential to or greater than the rights of the common stock.
Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control and may adversely affect the market price of the common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock.
We will describe in a prospectus supplement relating to any series of preferred stock being offered the following terms:
the distinguishing designation of the series of preferred stock;
the number of shares of the series of preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of the series;
the dividend rate(s), period(s) or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation applicable to the series of preferred stock;
whether dividends are cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the series of preferred stock will accumulate;
the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the series of preferred stock;
the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the series of preferred stock;
the provision for redemption, if applicable, of the series of preferred stock;
any listing of the series of preferred stock on any securities exchange;
the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the series of preferred stock will be convertible into common stock, including the conversion price or manner of calculation and conversion period;
voting rights, if any, of the series of preferred stock;
a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the series of preferred stock;
the relative ranking and preferences of the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;
any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock being offered as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of the series of preferred stock.
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Unless we specify otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock will rank, relating to dividends and upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up:
senior to all classes or series of our common stock and to all of our equity securities ranking junior to the preferred stock;
on a parity with all of our equity securities the terms of which specifically provide that the equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock; and
junior to all of our equity securities the terms of which specifically provide that the equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following is a general description of the terms of debt securities we may issue from time to time unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. Particular terms of any debt securities we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities.
As required by Federal law for all bonds and notes of companies that are publicly offered, any debt securities we issue will be governed by a document called an “indenture,” the form of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We have summarized the general features of the debt securities to be governed by the indenture. The summary is not complete. An indenture is a contract between us and a financial institution acting as trustee on behalf of the holders of the debt securities, and is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The trustee has two main roles. First, the trustee can enforce holders’ rights against us if we default. There are some limitations on the extent to which the trustee acts on holders’ behalf, described in the second paragraph under “Description of Debt Securities—Events of Default.” Second, the trustee performs certain administrative duties, such as sending interest and principal payments to holders.
Because this section is a summary, it does not describe every aspect of any debt securities we may issue or the indenture governing any such debt securities. Particular terms of any debt securities we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities, and we urge you to read the applicable executed indenture, which will be filed with the SEC at the time of any offering of debt securities, because it, and not this description, will define the rights of holders of such debt securities.
A prospectus supplement will describe the particular terms of any series of debt securities we may issue, including some or all of the following:
the designation or title of the series of debt securities;
the total principal amount of the series of debt securities, the denominations in which the offered debt securities will be issued and whether the offering may be reopened for additional securities of that series and on what terms;
the percentage of the principal amount at which the series of debt securities will be offered;
the date or dates on which principal will be payable;
the rate or rates (which may be either fixed or variable) and/or the method of determining such rate or rates of interest, if any;
the date or dates from which any interest will accrue, or the method of determining such date or dates, and the date or dates on which any interest will be payable;
the terms for redemption, extension or early repayment, if any;
the currencies in which the series of debt securities are issued and payable;
whether the amount of payments of principal, interest or premium, if any, on a series of debt securities will be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method and how these amounts will be determined;
the place or places of payment, transfer, conversion and/or exchange of the debt securities;
the provision for any sinking fund;
any restrictive covenants;
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events of default;
whether the series of debt securities are issuable in certificated form;
any provisions for legal defeasance or covenant defeasance;
whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional amounts in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether we will have the option to redeem the debt securities rather than pay the additional amounts (and the terms of this option);
any provisions for convertibility or exchangeability of the debt securities into or for any other securities;
whether the debt securities are subject to subordination and the terms of such subordination;
any listing of the debt securities on any securities exchange;
if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. Federal income tax considerations, including those related to original issue discount, if applicable; and
any other material terms.
The debt securities may be secured or unsecured obligations. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, principal, interest and premium, if any, will be paid by us in immediately available funds.
General
The indenture may provide that any debt securities proposed to be sold under this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities (“offered debt securities”) and any debt securities issuable upon conversion or exchange of other offered securities (“underlying debt securities”) may be issued under the indenture in one or more series.
For purposes of this prospectus, any reference to the payment of principal of, or interest or premium, if any, on, debt securities will include additional amounts if required by the terms of the debt securities.
Debt securities issued under an indenture, when a single trustee is acting for all debt securities issued under the indenture, are called the “indenture securities.” The indenture may also provide that there may be more than one trustee thereunder, each with respect to one or more different series of securities issued thereunder. See “Description of Debt Securities—Resignation of Trustee” below. At a time when two or more trustees are acting under an indenture, each with respect to only certain series, the term “indenture securities” means the one or more series of debt securities with respect to which each respective trustee is acting. In the event that there is more than one trustee under an indenture, the powers and trust obligations of each trustee described in this prospectus will extend only to the one or more series of indenture securities for which it is trustee. If two or more trustees are acting under an indenture, then the indenture securities for which each trustee is acting would be treated as if issued under separate indentures.
We refer you to the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any debt securities we may issue from time to time for information with respect to any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or covenants that are described below, including any addition of a covenant or other provision providing event risk or similar protection, that will be applicable with respect to such debt securities.
We have the ability to issue indenture securities with terms different from those of indenture securities previously issued and, without the consent of the holders thereof, to reopen a previous issue of a series of indenture securities and issue additional indenture securities of that series unless the reopening was restricted when that series was created.
Conversion and Exchange
If any debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for other securities, the related prospectus supplement will explain the terms and conditions of the conversion or exchange, including the conversion price or exchange ratio (or the calculation method), the conversion or exchange period (or how the period will be determined), if conversion or exchange will be mandatory or at the option of the holder or us, provisions for adjusting the conversion price or the exchange ratio and provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of the redemption of the underlying debt securities. These terms may also include provisions under which the number or amount of other securities to be received by the holders of the debt securities upon conversion or exchange would be calculated according to the market price of the other securities as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement.
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Payment and Paying Agents
We will pay interest to the person listed in the applicable trustee’s records as the owner of the debt security at the close of business on a particular day in advance of each due date for interest, even if that person no longer owns the debt security on the interest due date. That day, often approximately two weeks in advance of the interest due date, is called the “record date.” Because we will pay all the interest for an interest period to the holders on the record date, holders buying and selling debt securities must work out between themselves the appropriate purchase price. The most common manner is to adjust the sales price of the debt securities to prorate interest fairly between buyer and seller based on their respective ownership periods within the particular interest period. This prorated interest amount is called “accrued interest.”
Events of Default
Holders of debt securities of any series will have rights if an Event of Default occurs in respect of the debt securities of such series and is not cured, as described later in this subsection. The term “Event of Default” in respect of the debt securities of any series means any of the following:
we do not pay the principal of, or any premium on, a debt security of the series on its due date;
we do not pay interest on a debt security of the series within 30 days of its due date;
we do not deposit any sinking fund payment in respect of debt securities of the series on its due date and we do not cure this default within five days;
we remain in breach of a covenant in respect of debt securities of the series for 90 days after we receive a written notice of default stating we are in breach. The notice must be sent by either the trustee or holders of at least 25% of the principal amount of debt securities of the series;
we file for bankruptcy or certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur; and
any other Event of Default occurs in respect of debt securities of the series described in the prospectus supplement.
An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the same or any other indenture. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any default, except in the payment of principal, premium or interest, if it considers the withholding of notice to be in the best interests of the holders.
Remedies if an Event of Default Occurs
If an Event of Default has occurred and has not been cured or waived, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the debt securities of the affected series may declare the entire principal amount of all the debt securities of that series to be due and immediately payable. This is called a declaration of acceleration of maturity. A declaration of acceleration of maturity may be canceled by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of the affected series if the default is cured or waived and certain other conditions are satisfied.
Except in cases of default, where the trustee has some special duties, the trustee typically is not required to take any action under an indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the trustee reasonable protection from expenses and liability (called an “indemnity”). If reasonable indemnity is provided, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the relevant series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy available to the trustee. The trustee may refuse to follow those directions in certain circumstances.
Before a holder is allowed to bypass the trustee and bring its own lawsuit or other formal legal action or take other steps to enforce its rights or protect its interests relating to any debt securities, the following must occur:
the holder must give the trustee written notice that an Event of Default has occurred and remains uncured;
the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all outstanding debt securities of the relevant series must make a written request that the trustee take action because of the default and must offer reasonable indemnity to the trustee against the cost and other liabilities of taking that action;
the trustee must not have taken action for 60 days after receipt of the above notice and offer of indemnity; and
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the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities must not have given the trustee a direction inconsistent with the above notice during that 60-day period.
However, a holder is entitled at any time to bring a lawsuit for the payment of money due on its debt securities on or after the due date. Each year, we will furnish to each trustee a written statement of certain of our officers certifying that to their knowledge we are in compliance with the indenture and the debt securities, or else specifying any default.
Waiver of Default
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the relevant series of debt securities may waive a default for all such series of debt securities. If this happens, the default will be treated as if it had not occurred. No one can waive a payment default on a holder’s debt security, however, without the holder’s approval.
Merger or Consolidation
Under the terms of an indenture, we may be permitted to consolidate or merge with another entity. We may also be permitted to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. However, typically we may not take any of these actions unless all the following conditions are met:
if we do not survive such transaction or we convey, transfer or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety, the acquiring company must be a corporation, limited liability company, partnership or trust, or other corporate form, organized under the laws of any state of the United States or the District of Columbia, and such company must agree to be legally responsible for our debt securities, and, if not already subject to the jurisdiction of any state of the United States or the District of Columbia, the new company must submit to such jurisdiction for all purposes with respect to the debt securities and appoint an agent for service of process;
alternatively, we must be the surviving company;
immediately after the transaction no Event of Default will exist;
we must deliver certain certificates and documents to the trustee; and
we must satisfy any other requirements specified in the prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt securities.
Modification or Waiver
There are three types of changes we may make to an indenture and the debt securities issued thereunder.
Changes Requiring Approval
First, there are changes that we cannot make to debt securities without specific approval of all of the holders. The following is a list of the types of changes that may require specific approval:
change the stated maturity of the principal of or rate of interest on a debt security;
reduce any amounts due on a debt security;
reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the maturity of a security following a default;
at any time after a change of control has occurred, reduce any premium payable upon a change of control;
change the place or currency of payment on a debt security (except as otherwise described in the prospectus or prospectus supplement);
impair the right of holders to sue for payment;
adversely affect any right to convert or exchange a debt security in accordance with its terms;
reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to modify or amend the indenture;
reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities whose consent is needed to waive compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or to waive certain defaults;
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modify any other aspect of the provisions of the indenture dealing with supplemental indentures, modification and waiver of past defaults, changes to the quorum or voting requirements or the waiver of certain covenants; and
change any obligation we have to pay additional amounts.
Changes Not Requiring Approval
The second type of change does not require any vote by the holders of the debt securities. This type is limited to clarifications and certain other changes that would not adversely affect holders of the outstanding debt securities in any material respect, including the addition of covenants and guarantees. We also do not need any approval to make any change that affects only debt securities to be issued under the indenture after the change takes effect.
Changes Requiring Majority Approval
Any other change to the indenture and the debt securities may require the following approval:
if the change affects only one series of debt securities, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of that series; and
if the change affects more than one series of debt securities issued under the same indenture, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series affected by the change, with all affected series voting together as one class for this purpose.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series of debt securities issued under an indenture, voting together as one class for this purpose, may waive our compliance obligations with respect to some of our covenants in that indenture. However, we cannot obtain a waiver of a payment default or of any of the matters covered by the bullet points included above under “Description of Debt Securities—Modification or Waiver—Changes Requiring Approval.”
Further Details Concerning Voting
When taking a vote on proposed changes to the indenture and the debt securities, we expect to use the following rules to decide how much principal to attribute to a debt security:
for original issue discount securities, we will use the principal amount that would be due and payable on the voting date if the maturity of these debt securities were accelerated to that date because of a default;
for debt securities whose principal amount is not known (for example, because it is based on an index), we will use a special rule for that debt security described in the related prospectus supplement; and
for debt securities denominated in one or more foreign currencies, we will use the U.S. dollar equivalent.
Debt securities will not be considered outstanding, and therefore not eligible to vote, if we have deposited or set aside in trust money for their payment or redemption. Debt securities will also not be eligible to vote if they have been fully defeased as described later under “Description of Debt Securities—Defeasance—Legal Defeasance.”
We generally will be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of outstanding indenture securities that are entitled to vote or take other action under the indenture. If we set a record date for a vote or other action to be taken by holders of one or more series, that vote or action may be taken only by persons who are holders of outstanding indenture securities of those series on the record date and must be taken within 11 months following the record date.
Book-entry and other indirect holders will need to consult their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or denied if we seek to change the indenture or the debt securities or request a waiver.
Defeasance
The following provisions will be applicable to each series of debt securities unless we state in the applicable prospectus supplement that the provisions of covenant defeasance and legal defeasance will not be applicable to that series.
Covenant Defeasance
We can make the deposit described below and be released from some of the restrictive covenants in the indenture under which the particular series was issued. This is called “covenant defeasance.” In that event, the holders would
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lose the protection of those restrictive covenants but would gain the protection of having money and government securities set aside in trust to repay holders’ debt securities. If applicable, a holder also would be released from the subordination provisions described under “Description of Debt Securities—Indenture Provisions—Subordination” below. In order to achieve covenant defeasance, we must do the following:
If the debt securities of the particular series are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of such debt securities a combination of money and U.S. government or U.S. government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities on their various due dates;
We may be required to deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel confirming that, under current U.S. Federal income tax law, we may make the above deposit without causing the holders to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit and just repaid the debt securities ourselves at maturity; and
We must deliver to the trustee certain documentation stating that all conditions precedent to covenant defeasance have been complied with.
If we accomplish covenant defeasance, holders can still look to us for repayment of the debt securities if there were a shortfall in the trust deposit or the trustee is prevented from making payment. In fact, if one of the remaining Events of Default occurred (such as our bankruptcy) and the debt securities became immediately due and payable, there might be a shortfall. Depending on the event causing the default, holders may not be able to obtain payment of the shortfall.
Legal Defeasance
As described below, we can legally release ourselves from all payment and other obligations on the debt securities of a particular series (called “legal defeasance”), (1) if there is a change in U.S. Federal tax law that allows us to effect the release without causing the holders to be taxed any differently than if the release had not occurred, and (2) if we put in place the following other arrangements for holders to be repaid:
If the debt securities of the particular series are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of such debt securities a combination of money and U.S. government or U.S. government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the debt securities on their various due dates;
We may be required to deliver to the trustee a legal opinion confirming that there has been a change in current U.S. Federal tax law or an Internal Revenue Service ruling that allows us to make the above deposit without causing the holders to be taxed on the debt securities any differently than if we did not make the deposit and just repaid the debt securities ourselves at maturity. Under current U.S. Federal tax law, the deposit and our legal release from the debt securities would be treated as though we paid each holder its share of the cash and notes or bonds at the time the cash and notes or bonds were deposited in trust in exchange for its debt securities and holders would recognize gain or loss on the debt securities at the time of the deposit; and
We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to legal defeasance have been complied with.
If we ever did accomplish legal defeasance, as described above, holders would have to rely solely on the trust deposit for repayment of the debt securities. Holders could not look to us for repayment in the unlikely event of any shortfall. Conversely, the trust deposit would most likely be protected from claims of our lenders and other creditors if we ever became bankrupt or insolvent. If applicable, holders would also be released from the subordination provisions described later under “Description of Debt Securities—Indenture Provisions—Subordination.”
Resignation of Trustee
Each trustee may resign or be removed with respect to one or more series of indenture securities provided that a successor trustee is appointed to act with respect to such series. In the event that two or more persons are acting as trustee with respect to different series of indenture securities under the indenture, each of the trustees will be a trustee of a trust separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee.
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Indenture Provisions—Subordination
Upon any distribution of our assets upon our dissolution, winding up, liquidation or reorganization, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on any indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities is to be subordinated to the extent provided in the indenture in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness (defined below), but our obligation to holders to make payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such subordinated debt securities will not otherwise be affected. In addition, no payment on account of principal (or premium, if any), interest or sinking fund, if any, may be made on such subordinated debt securities at any time unless full payment of all amounts due in respect of the principal (and premium, if any), interest and sinking fund, if any, on Senior Indebtedness has been made or duly provided for in money or money’s worth.
In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, any payment from us is received by the trustee in respect of subordinated debt securities or by the holders of any of such subordinated debt securities before all Senior Indebtedness is paid in full, the payment or distribution must be paid over to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness or on their behalf for application to the payment of all the Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid until all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness. Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Indebtedness, the holders of such subordinated debt securities will be subrogated to the rights of the holders of the Senior Indebtedness to the extent of payments made to the holders of the Senior Indebtedness out of the distributive share of such subordinated debt securities.
By reason of this subordination, in the event of a distribution of our assets upon our insolvency, certain of our senior creditors may recover more, ratably, than holders of any subordinated debt securities. The related indenture will provide that these subordination provisions will not apply to money and securities held in trust under the defeasance provisions of the indenture.
“Senior Indebtedness” will be defined in an applicable indenture as the principal of (and premium, if any) and unpaid interest on:
our indebtedness (including indebtedness of others guaranteed by us), whenever created, incurred, assumed or guaranteed, for money borrowed (other than indenture securities issued under the indenture and denominated as subordinated debt securities), unless in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or under which the same is outstanding it is provided that this indebtedness is not senior or prior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities; and
renewals, extensions, modifications and refinancings of any of such indebtedness.
The prospectus supplement accompanying any series of indenture securities denominated as subordinated debt securities will set forth the approximate amount of our Senior Indebtedness outstanding as of a recent date.
Trustee
We intend to name the indenture trustee for each series of indenture securities in the related prospectus supplement.
Certain Considerations Relating to Foreign Currencies
Debt securities denominated or payable in foreign currencies may entail significant risks. These risks include the possibility of significant fluctuations in the foreign currency markets, the imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls and potential illiquidity in the secondary market. These risks will vary depending upon the currency or currencies involved and will be more fully described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of shares of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. If a series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent, we will so specify in the applicable prospectus supplement. The following summary of the material provisions of the warrants and warrant agreements is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrants and any warrant agreement applicable to a particular series of warrants. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as the complete warrants and warrant agreements that contain the terms of the warrants.
The material terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:
the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase such shares and the price at which such number of shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
a summary of the designation and terms (including, without limitation, liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights) of the series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of warrants to purchase preferred stock as set forth in the certificate of designation for such series of preferred stock;
the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property;
the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, preferred stock or common stock will be separately transferable;
the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;
U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the warrants; and
any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise and settlement of the warrants.
Each warrant will entitle its holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of preferred stock or common stock at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new warrant certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise, including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture. Until any warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock are exercised, the holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying common stock or preferred stock, including any rights to receive dividends or payments upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the common stock or preferred stock, if any.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units consisting of any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock or debt securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may elect to evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate unit agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.
The following description, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. You should read any prospectus supplement related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms, and we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each unit agreement relating to units offered under this prospectus.
If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:
the title of the series of units;
identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;
the price or prices at which the units will be issued;
the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;
a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and
any other material terms of the units and their constituent securities.
DESCRIPTION OF RIGHTS
The following is a general description of the terms of the rights we may issue from time to time unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement. Particular terms of any rights we offer will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such rights.
General
We may issue rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock, debt securities or units. Rights may be issued independently or together with other securities and may or may not be transferable by the person purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering to our stockholders, we may enter into a standby underwriting, backstop or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. In connection with a rights offering to our stockholders, we would distribute certificates evidencing the rights and a prospectus supplement to our stockholders on or about the record date that we set for receiving rights in such rights offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the following terms of any rights we may issue, including some or all of the following:
the title and aggregate number of the rights;
the subscription price or a formula for the determination of the subscription price for the rights and the currency or currencies in which the subscription price may be payable;
if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the rights are issued and the number of rights issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
the number or a formula for the determination of the number of the rights issued to each stockholder;
the extent to which the rights are transferable;
in the case of rights to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one right;
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in the case of rights to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the type of stock and number of shares of stock purchasable upon exercise of one right;
the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence, and the date on which the rights will expire (subject to any extension);
if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the rights that may be exercised at any one time;
the extent to which such rights include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities;
if applicable, the procedures for adjusting the subscription price and number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of each right upon the occurrence of certain events, including stock splits, reverse stock splits, combinations, subdivisions or reclassifications of common stock or preferred stock;
the effect on the rights of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business;
the terms of any rights to redeem or call the rights;
information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;
the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the rights;
if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting, backstop or other purchase arrangement that we may enter into in connection with the rights offering;
if applicable, a discussion of certain U.S. Federal income tax considerations; and
any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights.
Exercise of Rights
Each right will entitle the holder to purchase for cash or other consideration such shares of stock or principal amount of securities at the subscription price as shall in each case be set forth in, or be determinable as set forth in, the prospectus supplement relating to the rights offered thereby. Rights may be exercised as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement beginning on the date specified therein and continuing until the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the rights offered thereby. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised rights will become void.
Upon receipt of payment and a subscription certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the subscription agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the rights represented by such subscription certificate are exercised, a new subscription certificate will be issued for the remaining rights. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the rights may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for rights.
We may determine to offer any unsubscribed offered securities directly to stockholders, persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby underwriting, backstop or other arrangements, as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Prior to exercising their rights, holders of rights will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon subscription, including, in the case of rights to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise any voting rights or, in the case of rights to purchase debt securities, the right to receive principal, premium, if any, or interest payments, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities covered by this prospectus from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:
at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
at negotiated prices.
Each time that we sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us, if applicable.
Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.
If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.
Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those persons for certain expenses.
Any common stock issued by us will be traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market unless we specify otherwise in the prospectus supplement, but any other securities may or may not be publicly traded or listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, underwriters or other persons acting as agents may be authorized to solicit offers by institutions or other suitable purchasers to purchase the securities at the public offering
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price set forth in the prospectus supplement, pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in the prospectus supplement. These purchasers may include, among others, commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions. Delayed delivery contracts will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the securities covered by the delayed delivery contracts will not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which the purchaser is subject. The underwriters and agents will not have any responsibility with respect to the validity or performance of these contracts.
We may engage in at-the-market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by DLA Piper LLP (US), Philadelphia, PA. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2021, have been incorporated by reference herein and in the registration statement in reliance upon the report of KPMG LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and audit.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We are subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and, in accordance with that act, file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains all reports and other information that we file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act for the securities offered under this prospectus (the “Form S-3 Registration Statement”). The Form S-3 Registration Statement, including the exhibits to the Form S-3 Registration Statement, contains additional information about us and the securities offered by this prospectus. The rules and regulations of the SEC allow us to omit from this prospectus certain information that is included in the Form S-3 Registration Statement. For further information about us and our securities, you should review the Form S-3 Registration Statement and the exhibits filed with the Form S-3 Registration Statement.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate into this prospectus by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to the documents containing that information. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we later file with the SEC will automatically update and, where applicable, modify or supersede that information.
We incorporate by reference the following documents previously filed with the SEC:
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022;
the information included in our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for our 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022, to the extent incorporated by reference in Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021;
our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on May 11, 2022;
our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on August 8, 2022;
our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 7, 2022; January 12, 2022; January 19, 2022; January 27, 2022; February 2, 2022; February 15, 2022; February 24, 2022; March 15, 2022 (but solely as to the matters disclosed under Items 1.01, 5.02, 5.03, 8.01, and the related exhibits filed under Item 9.01 thereunder); April 19, 2022; April 27, 2022; May 11, 2022 (but solely as to the matters disclosed under Item 8.01 and the related exhibits filed under Item 9.01 thereunder), May 18, 2022, May 26, 2022, May 26, 2022, May 31, 2022, June 2, 2022, June 7, 2022, June 7, 2022, June 16, 2022, July 14, 2022, August 4, 2022, and August 10, 2022; and
the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A12B, filed with the SEC on September 25, 2015 (File No. 001-37568), and all amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the filing of the Form S-3 Registration Statement, including all such documents we may file with the SEC after the date of the Form S-3 Registration Statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to the Form S-3 Registration Statement which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all such securities then remaining unsold shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents. Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document that is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, no portion of any document that is “furnished” but not “filed” in accordance with SEC rules under Exchange Act shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document that is incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
You may request a copy of any of these filings from us at no cost by writing or calling our Corporate Secretary at the following address or telephone number: PDS Biotechnology Corporation, 25B Vreeland Road, Suite 300, Florham Park, NJ 07932; Telephone: (800) 208-3343.
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6,396,787 Shares of Common Stock

Pre-Funded Warrants to Purchase up to 933,334 Shares of Common Stock

Warrants to Purchase up to 7,330,121 Shares of Common Stock

Up to 8,263,455 Shares of Common Stock underlying such Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Sole Placement Agent
A.G.P.
February 26, 2025

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