NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2020 AND 2019
(in millions of Russian Rubles, unless otherwise stated)
b) Investments in associates
An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies.
The Group’s investments in associates are accounted for using the equity method. Under the equity method, an investment in an associate is initially recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate since the acquisition date. Dividends received or receivable from an associate reduce the carrying amount of the investments in associates. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately.
The consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income reflects the Group’s share of the results of operations of the associate. When there has been a change recognized directly in the equity of the associate, the Group recognizes its share of any changes, when applicable, in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Unrealized gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate.
When the Group’s share of losses of an associate exceeds the Group’s interest in that associate, the Group discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Group has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.
After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognize an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognizes the loss within “Share of profit / (loss) of an associate” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
Upon loss of significant influence over the associate, the Group measures and recognizes any retained investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate upon loss of significant influence and the fair value of the retained investment and proceeds from disposal is recognized in profit or loss.
The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Russian Rubles (“RUB”), which is also the parent company’s functional currency. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The functional currency of Russian operating subsidiaries, which account for the significant majority of our operations, is the Russian ruble. The functional currency of the Group’s operating subsidiaries in Belarus and Kazahstan is their respective local currency.
The Group determines the functional currency based on combination of factors and consider the primary economic environment in which these companies operate, and the related currency, in which they generate and expend its cash flows.
Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group’s subsidiaries in their functional currency at exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into functional currency at exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized within “Foreign currency exchange gain / (loss), net”, in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income.
Non-monetary
items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions.
Non-monetary
items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.