SMMT Summit Therapeutics Inc

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of September 2015

Commission File Number 001-36866

SUMMIT THERAPEUTICS PLC

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

85b Park Drive

Milton Park, Abingdon

Oxfordshire OX14 4RY

United Kingdom

(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

FORM 20-F  x            FORM 40-F  ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

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On September 30, 2015, Summit Therapeutics plc (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing the presentation, at the International Congress of the World Muscle Society, of additional data from the Phase 1b modified diet clinical trial of SMT C1100 for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, and of preclinical data supporting both SMT C1100 and the broader utrophin modulator pipeline. The press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated by reference herein.

The information contained in Exhibit 99.1 shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

2

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 1, 2015

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit 99.1

Summit Therapeutics plc

(“Summit” or “the Company”)

SUMMIT THERAPEUTICS PRESENTS ADDITIONAL DATA FROM PHASE 1B MODIFIED DIET CLINICAL TRIAL OF SMT C1100 IN DMD PATIENTS AT WMS

Oxford, UK, 30 September 2015 – Summit Therapeutics plc (NASDAQ: SMMT, AIM: SUMM), the drug discovery and development company advancing therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (‘DMD’) and Clostridium difficile infection, will today present detailed pharmacokinetic data from the Phase 1b modified diet clinical trial of SMT C1100 for the treatment of DMD, as well as preclinical data supporting both SMT C1100 and the broader utrophin modulator pipeline, at the 20^th International Congress of the World Muscle Society (‘WMS’). SMT C1100 is a utrophin modulator that the Company believes has potential to treat all patients with DMD.

“We believe utrophin modulation has significant potential as a universal treatment for DMD. For example, in preclinical studies, continual production of utrophin has resulted in disease-modifying effects in DMD models.Those preclinical findings, together with the detailed pharmacokinetic data from this recent trial, further our belief that SMT C1100 could have clinical benefit across all patients with DMD,” said Ralf Rosskamp, MD, Chief Medical Officer of Summit. “We are thrilled to have the opportunity to provide hope for the patients and families living with this devastating disease, and look forward to initiating a Phase 2 trial, which aims to provide proof of concept for SMT C1100 through measurements of muscle health and function, in the fourth quarter of this year.”

As previously reported, the Phase 1b modified diet trial met its primary objective. In this trial, increases in plasma absorption of SMT C1100 were observed in DMD patients who received SMT C1100 while following specific dietary guidance providing for a balanced diet of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. In the detailed pharmacokinetic data presented at WMS, ten of 12 patients achieved plasma exposure levels above 30 ng/ml for a mean of 14 hours in a 22-hour period, and six of those patients achieved plasma exposure levels above 67 ng/ml for a mean of 8.2 hours in the 22-hour period. These plasma levels correlate to an in vitro increase in utrophin levels of approximately 30% and 50%, respectively, in DMD myoblast cells and human myotubes. Since sustaining utrophin production is likely to be key in providing therapeutic benefit, the remaining two patients may also achieve some clinical benefit as they had plasma levels that exceeded 20 ng/ml. Summit’s upcoming Phase 2 proof of concept trial will evaluate the potential benefit of SMT C1100 with longer-term dosing. Based on the detailed analysis of the Phase 1b modified diet trial, drug plasma exposure will not be used as an entry criterion for the Phase 2 proof of concept trial.

Summit plans to initiate its Phase 2 proof of concept trial of SMT C1100 in patients with DMD in the fourth quarter of this year. The 48-week open-label study is expected to enroll up to 40 patients between the ages of five and 10 years old at sites in Europe and in the US. Planned endpoints are expected to include changes in the fat content of muscle and in muscle inflammation as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (‘MRI’) of the leg muscles, measurements of utrophin protein and muscle fibre regeneration from muscle biopsies, and functional measures such as the six minute walk test and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment. The Company expects to report data from this trial periodically over the course of the study. The design and initiation of this study remain subject to regulatory approval. In addition, Summit continues to evaluate the timing and design for a larger, placebo-controlled trial of SMT C1100.

Additional Highlights from the WMS Presentations

SMT C1100 Clinical Development – Phase 1b Modified Diet Clinical Trial

Biomarker Development Programme

Second Generation Utrophin Modulator Pipeline Development

Copies of the posters are now available from the ‘Programmes’ section of Summit’s website, www.summitplc.com.

About the Phase 1b Modified Diet Trial

The Phase 1b randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the blood plasma levels of SMT C1100 in paediatric patients with DMD. Patients and their caregivers were provided with specific dietary guidance on recommended balanced proportions of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The trial enrolled a total of 12 patients aged between 5 and 13 years, divided equally into three dose cohorts, at trial sites in the UK. Patients were randomised to three groups over 14-day treatment periods during which each patient received two different doses of SMT C1100 and a placebo control. There was a washout period of at least 14 days in between each of the treatment periods.

About Utrophin Modulation in DMD

DMD is a progressive muscle wasting disease that affects around 50,000 boys in the developed world. The disease is caused by different genetic faults in the gene that encodes dystrophin, a protein that is essential for the healthy function of all muscles. There is currently no cure for DMD and life expectancy is into the late twenties. Utrophin protein is functionally and structurally similar to dystrophin. In preclinical studies, the continued expression of utrophin has a meaningful, positive effect on muscle performance. Utrophin modulation has the potential to slow down or even stop the progression of DMD, regardless of the underlying dystrophin mutation. It is also expected that utrophin modulation could potentially be complementary to other therapeutic approaches for DMD.

About Summit Therapeutics

Summit is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialisation of novel medicines for indications for which there are no existing or only inadequate therapies. Summit is conducting clinical programs focused on the genetic disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the infectious disease C. difficile infection. Further information is available at www.summitplc.com and Summit can be followed on Twitter (@summitplc).

For more information, please contact:

Forward-looking Statements

Any statements in this press release about Summit’s future expectations, plans and prospects, including but not limited to, statements about the clinical and preclinical development of Summit’s product candidates, the therapeutic potential of Summit’s product candidates, and the timing of initiation, completion and availability of data from clinical trials, and other statements containing the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “would,” and similar expressions, constitute forward looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: the uncertainties inherent in the initiation of future clinical trials, availability and timing of data from on-going and future clinical trials and the results of such trials, whether preliminary results from a clinical trial will be predictive of the final results of that trial or whether results of early clinical trials or preclinical studies will be indicative of the results of later clinical trials, expectations for regulatory approvals, availability of funding sufficient for Summit’s foreseeable and unforeseeable operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements and other factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of filings that Summit makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission including Summit’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2015. Accordingly readers should not place undue reliance on forward looking statements or information. In addition, any forward looking statements included in this press release represent Summit’s views only as of the date of this release and should not be relied upon as representing Summit’s views as of any subsequent date. Summit specifically disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements included in this press release.

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