Risks Relating to Hedging Activities and Conflicts of Interest
♦Hedging activities by BNS and UBS may negatively impact investors in the Securities and cause our respective interests and those of our clients and counterparties to be contrary to those of investors in the Securities — We or one of our affiliates, and UBS or one of its affiliates, have hedged or will hedge our obligations under the Securities. Such hedging transactions may include entering into swap or similar agreements, purchasing shares of the underlying and/or purchasing futures, options and/or other instruments linked to the underlying. We, UBS or one or more of our or their respective affiliates also expects to adjust the hedge by, among other things, purchasing or selling any of the foregoing, and perhaps other instruments linked to the underlying, at any time and from time to time, and to unwind the hedge by selling any of the foregoing on or before the final valuation date. Any of these hedging activities may adversely affect the level of the underlying and therefore the market value of, and return on, the Securities.
Because UBS, or one of its affiliates, is to conduct hedging activities for us in connection with the Securities, UBS, or its affiliate may profit in connection with such hedging activities. Such profit, if any, will be in addition to the compensation that UBS, or its affiliate, receives for the sale of the Securities to you. You should be aware that the potential to earn fees in connection with hedging activities may create a further incentive for UBS to sell the Securities to you in addition to the compensation they would receive for the sale of the Securities.
You should expect that these transactions will cause BNS and UBS or our or their respective affiliates, or our or their respective clients or counterparties, to have economic interests and incentives that do not align with, and that may be directly contrary to, those of an investor in the Securities. None of BNS, UBS or any of our or their respective affiliates will have any obligation to take, refrain from taking or cease taking any action with respect to these transactions based on the potential effect on an investor in the Securities, and any of the foregoing may receive substantial returns with respect to these hedging activities while the market value of, and return on, the Securities declines.
♦Following certain events, the calculation agent can make adjustments to the underlying and the terms of the Securities that may adversely affect the market value of, and return on, the Securities — For antidilution and certain other events affecting the underlying, the calculation agent may make adjustments to its initial level, autocall barrier, downside threshold and/or final level, as applicable, and any other term of the Securities. However, the calculation agent will not make an adjustment in response to every corporate event that could affect the underlying. If an event occurs that does not require the calculation agent to make an adjustment, the market value of, and return on, the Securities may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, all determinations and calculations concerning any such adjustments will be made by the calculation agent. You should be aware that the calculation agent may make any such adjustment, determination or calculation in a manner that differs from that discussed in the accompanying product supplement or this document as necessary to achieve an equitable result. Following certain events relating to the underlying issuer, such as a reorganization event or a delisting or suspension of trading, the determination as to whether the Securities are subject to an automatic call or the amount you receive at maturity may be based on the equity security of a successor to such underlying issuer in combination with any cash or any other assets distributed to holders of such underlying, if applicable, or on the common stock issued by another company, as described further under “Additional Terms of the Securities — Antidilution Adjustments" herein. The occurrence of any antidilution or other adjustment event and the consequent adjustments may materially and adversely affect the market value of, and return on, the Securities. For more information, see “Additional Terms of the Securities” herein.
♦We, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates regularly provide services to, or otherwise have business relationships with, a broad client base, which has included and may include us and the underlying issuer and the market activities by us, the Agents or our or their respective affiliates for our or their own respective accounts or for our or their respective clients could negatively impact investors in the Securities — We, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates regularly provide a wide range of financial services, including financial advisory, investment advisory and transactional services to a substantial and diversified client base. As such, we each may act as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, investment advisor, market maker, trader, prime broker or lender. In those and other capacities, we, the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments, actively trade securities (including the Securities or other securities that we have issued), the underlying, derivatives, loans, credit default swaps, indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for our or their own respective accounts or for the accounts of our or their respective customers, and we will have other direct or indirect interests, in those securities and in other markets that may not be consistent with your interests and may adversely affect the level of the underlying and/or the value of the Securities. You should assume that we or they will, at present or in the future, provide such services or otherwise engage in transactions with, among others, us and the underlying issuer, or transact in securities or instruments or with parties that are directly or indirectly related to these entities. These services could include making loans to or equity investments in those companies, providing financial advisory or other investment banking services, or issuing research reports. Any of these financial market activities may, individually or in the aggregate, have an adverse effect on the level of the underlying and the market for your Securities, and you should expect that our interests and those of the Agents and/or our or their respective affiliates, clients or counterparties, will at times be adverse to those of investors in the Securities.
You should expect that we, the Agents, and our or their respective affiliates, in providing these services, engaging in such transactions, or acting for our or their own respective accounts, may take actions that have direct or indirect effects on the Securities or other securities that we may issue, the underlying or other securities or instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing, and that such actions could be adverse to the interests of investors in the Securities. In addition, in connection with these activities, certain personnel within us, the Agents or our or their respective affiliates may have access to confidential material non-public information about these parties that would not be disclosed to investors in the Securities.
We, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates regularly offer a wide array of securities, financial instruments and other products into the marketplace, including existing or new products that are similar to the Securities or other securities that we may issue, the underlying or other securities or instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing. Investors in the Securities should expect that we, the Agents and our or their respective affiliates offer securities, financial instruments, and other products that may compete with the Securities for liquidity or otherwise.